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Wu Z, Guo J, Lu K, Song K, Wang L, Ma R, Zhang C, Li X. Dietary phosphorus restriction induced phospholipid deficiency, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory response and gut microbiota disorders in Lateolabrax maculatus. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1592806. [PMID: 40443659 PMCID: PMC12119276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1592806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 06/02/2025] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of low phosphorus on spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) from the perspective of phospholipid content and function, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammatory response and gut microbiota. Two diets were prepared to contain available phosphorus levels of 0.37% (low-phosphorus, LP) and 0.75% (normal-phosphorus, NP) and feed fish (3.53 ± 0.34 g) to satiety twice daily for 10 weeks. Compared with fish fed the NP diet, fish fed the LP diet showed lower body weight gain and higher abdominal fat percentage. Further studies showed that the LP diet decreased the content of phospholipid in the serum, liver, and abdominal fat tissue and induced ER stress and disruption of lipid metabolism in both of the liver and abdominal fat tissue and inflammatory responses in abdominal fat tissue. Furthermore, compared with fish fed the NP diet, the LP diet reduced microbial diversity in the gut. In contrast to fish fed the NP diet, fish fed the LP diet exhibited a decrease in the abundance of potential metabolically promoted probiotics (e.g., Lactococcus lactis) and an increase in the abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Plesiomonas) in the gut. The results of PICRUSt2 functional prediction also validated the metabolic disorders occurring in fish fed the LP diet as well as the reduced metabolic capacity. These results suggested that the LP diet decreased phospholipid content, induced ER stress and inflammatory responses then disturbed lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in spotted seabass. These negative effects contributed to poorer growth and higher percentage of abdominal fat in spotted seabass fed the LP diet than those of spotted seabass fed the NP diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiarong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kangle Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruijuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
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Zheng X, Chen Q, Liang X, Xie J, Loor A, Dong H, Yang J, Zhang J. The effects of citral on the intestinal health and growth performance of American bullfrogs (Aquarana catesbeiana). BMC Vet Res 2025; 21:49. [PMID: 39901183 PMCID: PMC11789344 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-025-04498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Bullfrogs (Aquarana catesbeiana) are increasingly cultivated for their high nutritional value and adaptability to intensive aquaculture systems. However, ensuring optimal intestinal health and growth performance remains a challenge due to poor water quality and high stocking densities. This study evaluated the effects of varying dietary concentrations of citral, a natural compound from lemongrass essential oil, on the intestinal health, microbiota, antioxidant capacity, and growth performance of juvenile bullfrogs. A total of 200 juvenile bullfrogs (initial weight 6.85 ± 0.71 g) were randomly assigned into six groups, each receiving diets supplemented with citral at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mL/kg feed for 8 weeks. Citral supplementation significantly improved intestinal morphology, with goblet cell numbers, mucosal thickness, and villus-to-crypt ratios peaking at 2-4 mL/kg (P < 0.05). Optimal doses of 2-4 mL/kg also enhanced digestive enzyme activities, with α-amylase, lipase, and pepsin activities showing significant increases compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Antioxidant markers, including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione (GSH), were highest at 2 mL/kg, while higher citral concentrations reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, indicating potential oxidative stress at 8-16 mL/kg (P < 0.05). Citral also modulated the intestinal microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Cetobacterium at 1-2 mL/kg (P < 0.05). However, microbial diversity decreased significantly at concentrations above 4 mL/kg. Growth performance analysis revealed that 4 mL/kg citral supplementation significantly improved weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), carcass weight (CW), and feed efficiency (FE), while survival rates declined at 16 mL/kg (P < 0.05). A linear regression model determined the optimal dietary citral concentration to be 3.216-3.942 mL/kg. This study concludes that dietary citral at 2-4 mL/kg optimally enhances growth performance, intestinal health, and antioxidant capacity in juvenile bullfrogs, while higher concentrations may disrupt gut health and oxidative balance. These findings provide valuable insights into the use of natural compounds like citral for sustainable aquaculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Xueying Liang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Jingyi Xie
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Alfredo Loor
- Faculty of Maritime Engineering and Marine Sciences (FIMCM), Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil, 09015863, Ecuador
| | - Hongbiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
- Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiasong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
- Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, China.
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Wu Q, Kan J, Cui Z, Ma Y, Liu X, Dong R, Huang D, Chen L, Du J, Fu C. Understanding the nutritional benefits through plant proteins-probiotics interactions: mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38922612 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2369694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The nutritional benefits of combining probiotics with plant proteins have sparked increasing research interest and drawn significant attention. The interactions between plant proteins and probiotics demonstrate substantial potential for enhancing the functionality of plant proteins. Fermented plant protein foods offer a unique blend of bioactive components and beneficial microorganisms that can enhance gut health and combat chronic diseases. Utilizing various probiotic strains and plant protein sources opens doors to develop innovative probiotic products with enhanced functionalities. Nonetheless, the mechanisms and synergistic effects of these interactions remain not fully understood. This review aims to delve into the roles of promoting health through the intricate interplay of plant proteins and probiotics. The regulatory mechanisms have been elucidated to showcase the synergistic effects, accompanied by a discussion on the challenges and future research prospects. It is essential to recognize that the interactions between plant proteins and probiotics encompass multiple mechanisms, highlighting the need for further research to address challenges in achieving a comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms and their associated health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Wu
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengying Cui
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Ma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruifang Dong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Caili Fu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China
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Guo J, Wang L, Song K, Lu K, Li X, Zhang C. Physiological Response of Spotted Seabass ( Lateolabrax maculatus) to Different Dietary Available Phosphorus Levels and Water Temperature: Changes in Growth, Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidant Status and Intestinal Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2128. [PMID: 38136247 PMCID: PMC10740591 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A 10-week growth experiment was conducted to assess the physiological response of spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) raised at moderate (27 °C) and high temperatures (33 °C) to different dietary available phosphorus (P) levels. Five diets with available P levels of 0.35, 0.55, 0.71, 0.82 and 0.92% were formulated, respectively. A water temperature of 33 °C significantly decreased growth performance and feed utilization, and increased oxidative stress and lipid deposition of spotted seabass compared with 27 °C. A second-order polynomial regression analysis based on weight gain (WG) showed that the available P requirement of spotted seabass raised at 27 °C and 33 °C was 0.72% and 0.78%, respectively. The addition of 0.71-0.82% P to the diet improved the growth performance, feed utilization, and antioxidant capacity of spotted seabass and alleviated the excessive lipid deposition compared with the low-P diet (0.35% P). Moreover, the addition of 0.71-0.92% P to diets increased the diversity of intestinal microbiota and the relative abundance of Lactococcus lactis and decreased the relative abundance of Plesiomonas compared with the low-P diet. Thus, dietary supplementation with 0.71-0.82% P improved the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and microbial composition of spotted seabass, and alleviated the disturbance of lipid metabolism caused by high temperature or low-P diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.G.); (K.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.G.); (K.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.G.); (K.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kangle Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.G.); (K.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xueshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.G.); (K.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.G.); (K.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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