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Karakaş S. A Review of Childhood Developmental Changes in Attention as Indexed in the Electrical Activity of the Brain. Brain Sci 2024; 14:458. [PMID: 38790437 PMCID: PMC11117988 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to present age-related changes in the neuroelectric responses of typically developing children (TDC) who are presumed to meet developmental stages appropriately. The review is based on findings from the frequently used neuropsychological tasks of active attention, where attention is deliberately focused versus passive attention where attention is drawn to a stimulus, facilitatory attention, which enhances the processing of a stimulus versus inhibitory attention, which suppresses the processing of a stimulus. The review discusses the early and late stages of attentional selectivity that correspond to early and late information processing. Age-related changes in early attentional selectivity were quantitatively represented in latencies of the event-related potential (ERP) components. Age-related changes in late attentional selectivity are also qualitatively represented by structural and functional reorganization of attentional processing and the brain areas involved. The purely bottom-up or top-down processing is challenged with age-related findings on difficult tasks that ensure a high cognitive load. TDC findings on brain oscillatory activity are enriched by findings from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The transition from the low to fast oscillations in TDC and ADHD confirmed the maturational lag hypothesis. The deviant topographical localization of the oscillations confirmed the maturational deviance model. The gamma-based match and utilization model integrates all levels of attentional processing. According to these findings and theoretical formulations, brain oscillations can potentially display the human brain's wholistic-integrative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirel Karakaş
- Psychology Department, Doğuş University, İstanbul 34775, Turkey
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Karakaş S. A comparative review of the psychophysiology of attention in typically developing children and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 177:43-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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van Noordt S, Heffer T, Willoughby T. A developmental examination of medial frontal theta dynamics and inhibitory control. Neuroimage 2021; 246:118765. [PMID: 34875380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial frontal theta-band oscillations are a robust marker of action-outcome monitoring. In a large developmental sample (n = 432, 9-16 years), we examined whether phase and non-phase locked medial frontal theta power were related to inhibitory control among children and adolescents. Our results showed that the well-established increase in medial frontal theta power during inhibitory control was captured largely by non-phase locked dynamics, which partially mediated the positive effect of age on task performance. A person-centered approach also revealed latent classes of individuals based on their multivariate theta power dynamics (phase locked/non-phase locked, GO/NOGO). The class of individuals showing low phase locked and high non-phase locked medial frontal theta were significantly older, had better inhibitory control, scored higher on measures of general cognitive function, and were more efficient in their behavioural responses. The functional significance of phase and non-phase locked theta dynamics, and their potential changes, could have important implications for action-outcome monitoring and cognitive function in both typical and atypical development, as well as related psychopathology .
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefon van Noordt
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Taylor Heffer
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teena Willoughby
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Güntekin B, Uzunlar H, Çalışoğlu P, Eroğlu-Ada F, Yıldırım E, Aktürk T, Atay E, Ceran Ö. Theta and alpha oscillatory responses differentiate between six-to seven-year-old children and adults during successful visual and auditory memory encoding. Brain Res 2020; 1747:147042. [PMID: 32758480 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The healthy maturation of the brain is one of the intriguing topics that need to be investigated to understand human brain and child development. The present study aimed to investigate the development of memory processes both for auditory and visual memory using electroencephalography (EEG)-Brain Dynamics methodologies. Sixteen healthy children between the ages of 6 and 7 years and eighteen healthy young adults (age: 21.32 ± 3.28 years) were included in the study. EEG was recorded from 18 channels during the visual and auditory memory paradigms. Two different subtests of the WISC-IV IQ test were applied to all children. Event-related theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz) power and phase-locking were analyzed. The young adults had higher memory performance than the children for both auditory and visual paradigms. The children had increased theta phase-locking and left alpha power in response to the remembered objects in comparison to the forgotten objects. The young adults had higher theta and alpha phase-locking than the children over the frontal and central locations (p < 0.05), and the children had higher parietal-occipital alpha phase-locking than the young adults. There was an increase in alpha power in children, whereas young adults had decreased post-stimulus alpha power in response to memory paradigms. The present study showed that frontocentral theta and alpha phase-locking had an essential role in brain maturation and successful memory performance. Event-related theta and alpha responses could be one of the important indicators of the mature and healthy brain, and these responses could change depending on the maturation state and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Güntekin
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Uzunlar
- Istanbul Medipol University, REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pervin Çalışoğlu
- Istanbul Medipol University, REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Eroğlu-Ada
- Istanbul Medipol University, Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yıldırım
- Istanbul Medipol University, REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Vocational School, Program of Electroneurophysiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Aktürk
- Istanbul Medipol University, REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Vocational School, Program of Electroneurophysiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enver Atay
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Ceran
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
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Rürup L, Mathes B, Schmiedt-Fehr C, Wienke AS, Özerdem A, Brand A, Basar-Eroglu C. Altered gamma and theta oscillations during multistable perception in schizophrenia. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 155:127-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hu DK, Li LY, Lopour BA, Martin EA. Schizotypy dimensions are associated with altered resting state alpha connectivity. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 155:175-183. [PMID: 32599002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The disconnection hypothesis of schizophrenia says that symptoms are explained by dysfunctional connections across a wide range of brain networks. Despite some support for this hypothesis, there have been mixed findings. One reason for these may be the multidimensional nature of schizophrenia symptoms. In order to clarify the relationship between symptoms and brain networks, the current study included individuals at risk for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders who either report extreme levels of positive schizotypy traits (perceptual aberrations and magical ideation, or "PerMag"; n = 23), or an extreme negative schizotypy trait (social anhedonia, or "SocAnh"; n = 19), as well as a control group (n = 18). Resting-state alpha electroencephalography was collected, and functional networks for each subject were measured using the phase-lag index to calculate the connectivity between channel pairs based on the symmetry of instantaneous phase differences over time. Furthermore, graph theory measures were introduced to identify network features exclusive to schizotypy groups. We found that the PerMag group exhibited a smaller difference in node strength and clustering coefficient in frontal/occipital and central/occipital regional comparisons compared to controls, suggesting a more widespread network. The SocAnh group exhibited a larger difference in degree in the central/occipital regional comparison relative to controls, suggesting a localized occipital focus in the connectivity network. Regional differences in functional connectivity suggest that different schizotypy dimensions are manifested at the network level by different forms of disconnections. Taken together, these findings lend further support to the disconnection hypothesis and suggest that altered connectivity networks may serve as a potential biomarker for schizophrenia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek K Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lilian Y Li
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Beth A Lopour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Martin
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Cavanagh JF, Wilson JK, Rieger RE, Gill D, Broadway JM, Story Remer JH, Fratzke V, Mayer AR, Quinn DK. ERPs predict symptomatic distress and recovery in sub-acute mild traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychologia 2019; 132:107125. [PMID: 31228481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can affect high-level executive functioning long after somatic symptoms resolve. We tested if simple EEG responses within an oddball paradigm could capture variance relevant to this clinical problem. The P3a and P3b components reflect bottom-up and top-down processes driving engagement with exogenous stimuli. Since these features are related to primitive decision abilities, abnormal amplitudes following mTBI may account for problems in the ability to exert executive control. Sub-acute (<2 weeks) mTBI participants (N = 38) and healthy controls (N = 24) were assessed at an initial session as well as a two-month follow-up (sessions 1 and 2). We contrasted the initial assessment to a comparison group of participants with chronic symptomatology following brain injury (N = 23). There were no group differences in P3a or P3b amplitudes. Yet in the sub-acute mTBI group, higher symptomatology on the Frontal Systems Behavior scale (FrSBe), a questionnaire validated as measuring symptomatic distress related to frontal lobe injury, correlated with lower P3a in session 1. This relationship was replicated in session 2. These findings were distinct from chronic TBI participants, who instead expressed a relationship between increased FrSBe symptoms and a lower P3b component. In the sub-acute group, P3b amplitudes in the first session correlated with the degree of symptom change between sessions 1 and 2, above and beyond demographic predictors. Controls did not show any relationship between FrSBe symptoms and P3a or P3b. These findings identify symptom-specific alterations in neural systems that vary along the time course of post-concussive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Cavanagh
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131, USA.
| | - J Kevin Wilson
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131, USA
| | - Rebecca E Rieger
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131, USA
| | - Darbi Gill
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA
| | - James M Broadway
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA
| | - Jacqueline Hope Story Remer
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA
| | - Violet Fratzke
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131, USA; University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA; Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Davin K Quinn
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2600 Marble Avenue NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
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