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Pei Y, Wang Z, Lee TM. P3b correlates of inspection time. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:428-435. [PMID: 38510073 PMCID: PMC10950751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Both P3b and the inspection time (IT) are related with intelligence, yet the P3b correlates of IT are not well understood. This event-related potential study addressed this question by asking participants (N = 28) to perform an IT task. There were three IT conditions with different levels of discriminative stimulus duration, i.e., 33 ms, 67 ms, and 100 ms, and a control condition with no target presentation (0 ms condition). We also measured participants' processing speed with four Elementary Cognitive Tests (ECTs), including a Simple Reaction Time task (SRT), two Choice Reaction Time tasks (CRTs), and a Pattern Discrimination task (PD). Results revealed that an increase in P3b latency with longer duration of the discriminative stimulus. Moreover, the P3b latency was negatively correlated with the accuracy of the IT task in the 33 ms condition, but not evident in the 67 and 100 ms conditions. Furthermore, the P3b latency of the 33 ms condition was positively correlated with the RT of the SRT, but not related with the RTs of CRTs or PD. A significant main effect of duration on the amplitude of P1 was also found. We conclude that the present study provides the neurophysiological correlates of the IT task, and those who are able to accurately perceive and process very briefly presented stimuli have a higher speed of information process, reflected by the P3b latency, yet this relationship is more obvious in the most difficult condition. Combined, our results suggest that P3b is related with the closure of a perceptual epoch to form the neural representation of a stimulus, in support of the "context closure" hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilai Pei
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- China Institute of Education and Social Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tatia M.C. Lee
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Stodt B, Neudek D, Getzmann S, Wascher E, Martin R. Comparing auditory distance perception in real and virtual environments and the role of the loudness cue: A study based on event-related potentials. Hear Res 2024; 444:108968. [PMID: 38350176 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.108968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The perception of the distance to a sound source is relevant in many everyday situations, not only in real spaces, but also in virtual reality (VR) environments. Where real rooms often reach their limits, VR offers far-reaching possibilities to simulate a wide range of acoustic scenarios. However, in virtual room acoustics a plausible reproduction of distance-related cues can be challenging. In the present study, we compared the detection of changes of the distance to a sound source and its neurocognitive correlates in a real and a virtual reverberant environment, using an active auditory oddball paradigm and EEG measures. The main goal was to test whether the experiments in the virtual and real environments produced equivalent behavioral and EEG results. Three loudspeakers were placed at ego-centric distances of 2 m (near), 4 m (center), and 8 m (far) in front of the participants (N = 20), each 66 cm below their ear level. Sequences of 500 ms noise stimuli were presented either from the center position (standards, 80 % of trials) or from the near or far position (targets, 10 % each). The participants had to indicate a target position via a joystick response ("near" or "far"). Sounds were emitted either by real loudspeakers in the real environment or rendered and played back for the corresponding positions via headphones in the virtual environment. In addition, within both environments, loudness of the auditory stimuli was either unaltered (natural loudness) or the loudness cue was manipulated, so that all three loudspeakers were perceived equally loud at the listener's position (matched loudness). The EEG analysis focused on the mismatch negativity (MMN), P3a, and P3b as correlates of deviance detection, attentional orientation, and context-updating/stimulus evaluation, respectively. Overall, behavioral data showed that detection of the target positions was reduced within the virtual environment, and especially when loudness was matched. Except for slight latency shifts in the virtual environment, EEG analysis indicated comparable patterns within both environments and independent of loudness settings. Thus, while the neurocognitive processing of changes in distance appears to be similar in virtual and real spaces, a proper representation of loudness appears to be crucial to achieve a good task performance in virtual acoustic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Stodt
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystraße 67, Dortmund 44139, Germany.
| | - Daniel Neudek
- Institute of Communication Acoustics, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Stephan Getzmann
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystraße 67, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystraße 67, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | - Rainer Martin
- Institute of Communication Acoustics, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44780, Germany
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3
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Rutiku R, Fiscone C, Massimini M, Sarasso S. Assessing mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3b within-individual sensitivity - A comparison between the local-global paradigm and two specialized oddball sequences. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:842-859. [PMID: 38439197 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3b are well known for their clinical utility. There exists no gold standard, however, for acquiring them as EEG markers of consciousness in clinical settings. This may explain why the within-individual sensitivity of MMN/P3b paradigms is often quite poor and why seemingly identical EEG markers can behave differently across Disorders of consciousness (DoC) studies. Here, we compare two traditional paradigms for MMN or P3b assessment with the recently more popular local-global paradigm that promises to assess MMN and P3b orthogonally within one oddball sequence. All three paradigms were administered to healthy participants (N = 15) with concurrent EEG. A clear MMN and local effect were found for 15/15 participants. The P3b and global effect were found for 14/15 and 13/15 participants, respectively. There were no systematic differences between the global effect and P3b. Indeed, P3b amplitude was highly correlated across paradigms. The local effect differed clearly from the MMN, however. It occurred earlier than MMN and was followed by a much more prominent P3a. The peak latencies and amplitudes were also not correlated across paradigms. Caution should therefore be exercised when comparing the local effect and MMN across studies. We conclude that the within-individual MMN sensitivity is adequate for both the local-global and a dedicated MMN paradigm. The within-individual sensitivity of P3b was lower than expected for both the local-global and a dedicated P3b paradigm, which may explain the often-low sensitivity of P3b paradigms in patients with DoC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Rutiku
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- C-lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Chiara Fiscone
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Massimini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Sarasso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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4
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Chu CH, Kao SC, Hillman CH, Chen FT, Li RH, Ai JY, Chang YK. The influence of volume-matched acute aerobic exercise on inhibitory control in late-middle-aged and older adults: A neuroelectric study. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14393. [PMID: 37493060 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Acute aerobic exercise has been shown to benefit inhibitory control; however, less attention has been devoted to the effects of varying intensity and duration with a predetermined exercise volume. The current study assessed the influence of three distinct exercise conditions, each equated with a predesignated exercise volume but varied in terms of exercise durations and intensities, on inhibitory control utilizing both behavioral and neuroelectric measures obtained among late-middle-aged and older adults. Thirty-four adults (61.76 ± 0.80 years) completed three exercise conditions [i.e., a 30-min low-intensity exercise (LIE), a 20-min moderate-intensity exercise (MIE), and a 16-min high-intensity exercise (HIE)] and a non-exercise reading control condition (CON) on separate days. The exercise volumes of LIE and HIE were designed to match the exercise volume of MIE. Following cessation of each condition, the Stroop task was performed while event-related potentials were recorded. Improved behavioral performance (i.e., shorter response time, higher accuracy, and smaller interference scores) was observed after LIE, MIE, and HIE than CON (ps < .005). Additionally, whereas a larger P3b amplitude was only observed following MIE compared to CON (p < .01), larger N2 and smaller N450 amplitudes were observed following all three exercise conditions compared to CON (ps < .005). These findings suggested that while MIE may provide additional benefits for attentional resource allocation, exercise conditions volume matched to MIE resulted in superior inhibitory control, paralleled by modulations of the neural underpinnings of conflict monitoring/detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Heng Chu
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Feng-Tzu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Hong Li
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yi Ai
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Social Emotional Education and Development Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Peters A, Zeytinoglu S, Leerkes EM, Isbell E. Component-specific developmental trajectories of ERP indices of cognitive control in early childhood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 64:101319. [PMID: 37907010 PMCID: PMC10632416 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood is characterized by robust developmental changes in cognitive control. However, our understanding of intra-individual change in neural indices of cognitive control during this period remains limited. Here, we examined developmental changes in event-related potential (ERP) indices of cognitive control from preschool through first grade, in a large and diverse sample of children (N = 257). We recorded ERPs during a visual Go/No-Go task. N2 and P3b mean amplitudes were extracted from the observed waveforms (Go and No-Go) and the difference wave (No-Go minus Go, or ∆). Latent growth curve modeling revealed that while N2 Go and No-Go amplitudes showed no linear change, P3b Go and No-Go amplitudes displayed linear decreases in magnitude (became less positive) over time. ∆N2 amplitude demonstrated a linear increase in magnitude (became more negative) over time whereas ∆P3b amplitude was more positive in kindergarten compared to preschool. Younger age in preschool predicted greater rates of change in ∆N2 amplitude, and higher maternal education predicted larger initial P3b Go and No-Go amplitudes in preschool. Our findings suggest that observed waveforms and difference waves are not interchangeable for indexing neurodevelopment, and the developmental trajectories of different ERP indices of cognitive control are component-specific in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Peters
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Selin Zeytinoglu
- Human Development and Quantitative Methodology Department, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Esther M Leerkes
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Elif Isbell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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Lazar-Kurz Z, Aziz J, McKearney KJ, Hamon-Hill C, MacDonald A, Newman A, Eskes G. Age-related changes to electroencephalographic markers of visuomotor error processing and learning in prism adaptation. Neuropsychologia 2023; 184:108546. [PMID: 36965703 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with changes in cognitive function, including declines in learning, memory, and executive function. Prism adaptation (PA) is a useful paradigm to measure changes in explicit and implicit mechanisms of visuo-motor learning with age, but the neural correlates are not well understood. In the present study, we used PA to investigate visuo-motor learning and error processing in older adults. Twenty older adults (56-85 yrs) and 20 younger adults (18-33 yrs) underwent a goal-oriented reaching task while wearing prism goggles as continuous EEG was recorded to examine neural correlates of error detection. We examined behavioural measures of PA, as well as ERP components previously found associated with the early and late phases of adaptation to visual distortion caused by the prism goggles. Our results indicate important age-related behavioural and neurophysiological differences. Older adults reached more slowly than younger adults but showed the same accuracy throughout the prism exposure. Older adults also displayed larger aftereffects, indicating preserved visuomotor adaptation. EEG results indicated similar initial error processing in older and younger adults, as measured by the feedback error related negativity (FRN). As seen previously in young adults, the P3a and P3b declined over the prism exposure phase in both groups. Older adults displayed reduced P3a amplitude compared to the younger group in the early phase of adaptation, however, suggesting reduced attentional orienting. Finally, the older group exhibited a greater P3b amplitude compared to the younger group in the later phases of adaptation, potentially a marker of enhanced context updating underlying spatial realignment, leading to their larger aftereffect. Implications for age-related learning differences and clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Lazar-Kurz
- Cognitive Health and Recovery Research Lab, Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer St, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Neurocognitive Imaging Lab, Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J1, Canada.
| | - Jasmine Aziz
- Cognitive Health and Recovery Research Lab, Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer St, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Katelyn J McKearney
- Cognitive Health and Recovery Research Lab, Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer St, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Cindy Hamon-Hill
- Cognitive Health and Recovery Research Lab, Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer St, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Neurocognitive Imaging Lab, Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J1, Canada.
| | - Arthur MacDonald
- Cognitive Health and Recovery Research Lab, Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer St, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Aaron Newman
- Neurocognitive Imaging Lab, Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J1, Canada.
| | - Gail Eskes
- Cognitive Health and Recovery Research Lab, Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer St, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Saarikivi K, Chan TMV, Huotilainen M, Tervaniemi M, Putkinen V. Enhanced neural mechanisms of set shifting in musically trained adolescents and young adults: converging fMRI, EEG, and behavioral evidence. Cereb Cortex 2023:7044669. [PMID: 36897061 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Musically trained individuals have been found to outperform untrained peers in various tasks for executive functions. Here, we present longitudinal behavioral results and cross-sectional, event-related potential (ERP), and fMRI results on the maturation of executive functions in musically trained and untrained children and adolescents. The results indicate that in school-age, the musically trained children performed faster in a test for set shifting, but by late adolescence, these group differences had virtually disappeared. However, in the fMRI experiment, the musically trained adolescents showed less activity in frontal, parietal, and occipital areas of the dorsal attention network and the cerebellum during the set-shifting task than untrained peers. Also, the P3b responses of musically trained participants to incongruent target stimuli in a task for set shifting showed a more posterior scalp distribution than control group participants' responses. Together these results suggest that the musician advantage in executive functions is more pronounced at an earlier age than in late adolescence. However, it is still reflected as more efficient recruitment of neural resources in set-shifting tasks, and distinct scalp topography of ERPs related to updating and working memory after childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saarikivi
- Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 5, Helsinki, 00170, Finland.,Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.,Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Otakaari 5, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - T M V Chan
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, 390 Corbett Family Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - M Huotilainen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.,Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body, and Brain, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 5, Helsinki, 00170, Finland
| | - M Tervaniemi
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.,Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body, and Brain, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 5, Helsinki, 00170, Finland
| | - V Putkinen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.,Turku PET Center, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-820520 Turku, Finland.,Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, 20014 Turun yliopisto, Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Wu S, Ji H, Won J, Jo EA, Kim YS, Park JJ. The Effects of Exergaming on Executive and Physical Functions in Older Adults With Dementia: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e39993. [PMID: 36881445 PMCID: PMC10031442 DOI: 10.2196/39993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing interest in the effects of exergaming on cognitive function, little is known about its effects on older adults with dementia. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this is to investigate the effects of exergaming on executive and physical functions in older adults with dementia compared to regular aerobic exercise. METHODS In total, 24 older adults with moderate dementia participated in the study. Participants were randomized into either the exergame group (EXG, n=13, 54%) or the aerobic exercise group (AEG, n=11, 46%). For 12 weeks, EXG engaged in a running-based exergame and AEG performed a cycling exercise. At baseline and postintervention, participants underwent the Ericksen flanker test (accuracy % and response time [RT]) while recording event-related potentials (ERPs) that included the N2 and P3b potentials. Participants also underwent the senior fitness test (SFT) and the body composition test pre- and postintervention. Repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to assess the effects of time (pre- vs postintervention), group (EXG vs AEG), and group×time interactions. RESULTS Compared to AEG, EXG demonstrated greater improvements in the SFT (F1.22=7.434, P=.01), reduction in body fat (F1.22=6.476, P=.02), and increase in skeletal mass (F1.22=4.525, P=.05), fat-free mass (F1.22=6.103, P=.02), and muscle mass (F1.22=6.636, P=.02). Although there was a significantly shorter RT in EXG postintervention (congruent P=.03, 95% CI 13.581-260.419, incongruent P=.04, 95% CI 14.621-408.917), no changes occurred in AEG. EXG also yielded a shorter N2 latency for central (Cz) cortices during both congruent conditions compared to AEG (F1.22=4.281, P=.05). Lastly, EXG presented a significantly increased P3b amplitude compared to AEG during the Ericksen flanker test (congruent: frontal [Fz] F1.22=6.546, P=.02; Cz F1.22=5.963, P=.23; parietal [Pz] F1.22=4.302, P=.05; incongruent: Fz F1.22=8.302, P=.01; Cz F1.22=15.199, P=.001; Pz F1.22=13.774, P=.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that exergaming may be associated with greater improvements in brain neuronal activity and enhanced executive function task performance than regular aerobic exercise. Exergaming characterized by both aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation can be used as an effective intervention to improve cognitive and physical functions in older adults with dementia. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Research Information Service KCT0008238; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/24170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- School of Physical Education & Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongqing Ji
- School of Physical Education & Health, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyeon Won
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Eun-Ah Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sik Kim
- Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Jun Park
- Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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9
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Yang Y, Yang H, Deng Y, Yu T, Luo R. P3b Amplitude and Latency in Tic Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12. [PMID: 36552171 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
P3b is an event-related potential (ERP) that may be abnormal in patients with tic disorders (TD), but evidence has been inconsistent. Given the possible association between P3b and TD and the need for biomarkers for TD, the primary objective of this meta-analysis was to characterize P3b in patients with TD in comparison to healthy controls (HCs). METHODS By searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Medline, and Google Scholar, we identified studies that compared P3b between TD patients and HCs. The amplitude and latency of P3b were then analyzed. Subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate the influence of different experimental factors on P3b indices. RESULT Overall, 19 articles involving 388 cases and 414 controls were evaluated. There were no significant abnormalities in P3b amplitude and latency in TD patients. The P3b amplitude of the TD patients was significantly decreased during the oddball task, and the P3b amplitude of the adult TD patients was also significantly decreased. CONCLUSION TD patients may have an abnormal P3b compared to HCs under specified conditions.
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Dellert T, Krebs S, Bruchmann M, Schindler S, Peters A, Straube T. Neural correlates of consciousness in an attentional blink paradigm with uncertain target relevance. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119679. [PMID: 36220535 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several event-related potentials (ERPs) have been proposed as neural correlates of consciousness (NCC), most prominently the early visual awareness negativity (VAN) and the late P3b component. Highly influential support for the P3b comes from studies utilizing the attentional blink (AB), where conscious perception of a first visual target (T1) impairs reporting a second target (T2) presented shortly afterwards. Recent no-report studies using other paradigms suggest that the P3b component may reflect post-perceptual processes associated with decision-making rather than awareness. However, no-report studies are limited in their awareness assessment, and their conclusions have not been tested in an AB paradigm. The present study (N = 38) addressed these issues using a novel AB paradigm, which reduced decision-making processes by omitting a discrimination task on T2 stimuli and rendering their relevance uncertain. Nevertheless, awareness was assessed trial by trial. Comparing ERPs in response to seen versus unseen T2 stimuli revealed a VAN but no enhanced P3b regardless of whether they were marked as distinct from distractor stimuli or not. Our results corroborate the VAN and challenge the P3b as NCC despite rigorous trial-by-trial assessment of conscious perception. Thus, they support the idea that awareness emerges during early sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torge Dellert
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Sophie Krebs
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schindler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Antje Peters
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149, Münster, Germany
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11
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Huang B, Liu X, Wang Y, Li H, Si J, Wang D, Afzal K. Is the Discount Really Favorable? The Effect of Numeracy on Price Magnitude Judgment: Evidence From Electroencephalography. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:817450. [PMID: 35769701 PMCID: PMC9234211 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.817450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attractive price promotion will induce an unreasonable willingness to purchase, especially through shopping. However, it is not clear how numeracy, one of the essential abilities for understanding and applying numbers, influences the process of purchase judgment. In total, 61 participants were recruited to perform a price promotion task using electroencephalography. The results showed that consumers with low numeracy performed worse than their peers with high numeracy at the behavioral level, and they also had lower P3b amplitude and less alpha desynchronization, regardless of price promotion frameworks. These findings provided evidence on the processing of price information and provided further insights into how numeracy impacts price magnitude judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiwei Si
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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12
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Di Dona G, Scaltritti M, Sulpizio S. Formant-invariant voice and pitch representations are pre-attentively formed from constantly varying speech and non-speech stimuli. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4086-4106. [PMID: 35673798 PMCID: PMC9545905 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether listeners can form abstract voice representations while ignoring constantly changing phonological information and if they can use the resulting information to facilitate voice change detection. Further, the study aimed at understanding whether the use of abstraction is restricted to the speech domain or can be deployed also in non‐speech contexts. We ran an electroencephalogram (EEG) experiment including one passive and one active oddball task, each featuring a speech and a rotated speech condition. In the speech condition, participants heard constantly changing vowels uttered by a male speaker (standard stimuli) which were infrequently replaced by vowels uttered by a female speaker with higher pitch (deviant stimuli). In the rotated speech condition, participants heard rotated vowels, in which the natural formant structure of speech was disrupted. In the passive task, the mismatch negativity was elicited after the presentation of the deviant voice in both conditions, indicating that listeners could successfully group together different stimuli into a formant‐invariant voice representation. In the active task, participants showed shorter reaction times (RTs), higher accuracy and a larger P3b in the speech condition with respect to the rotated speech condition. Results showed that whereas at a pre‐attentive level the cognitive system can track pitch regularities while presumably ignoring constantly changing formant information both in speech and in rotated speech, at an attentive level the use of such information is facilitated for speech. This facilitation was also testified by a stronger synchronisation in the theta band (4–7 Hz), potentially pointing towards differences in encoding/retrieval processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Dona
- Dipartimento di Psicologia e Scienze Cognitive, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Michele Scaltritti
- Dipartimento di Psicologia e Scienze Cognitive, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Simone Sulpizio
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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13
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Porcaro C, Vecchio F, Miraglia F, Zito G, Rossini PM. Dynamics of the "Cognitive" Brain Wave P3b at Rest for Alzheimer Dementia Prediction in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Int J Neural Syst 2022; 32:2250022. [PMID: 35435134 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065722500228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia that involves a progressive and irrevocable decline in cognitive abilities and social behavior, thus annihilating the patient's autonomy. The theoretical assumption that disease-modifying drugs are most effective in the early stages hopefully in the prodromal stage called mild cognitive impairment (MCI) urgently pushes toward the identification of robust and individualized markers of cognitive decline to establish an early pharmacological intervention. This requires the combination of well-established neural mechanisms and the development of increasingly sensitive methodologies. Among the neurophysiological markers of attention and cognition, one of the sub-components of the 'cognitive brain wave' P300 recordable in an odd-ball paradigm -namely the P3b- is extensively regarded as a sensitive indicator of cognitive performance. Several studies have reliably shown that changes in the amplitude and latency of the P3b are strongly related to cognitive decline and aging both healthy and pathological. Here, we used a P3b spatial filter to enhance the electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics underlying 175 subjects divided into 135 MCI subjects, 20 elderly controls (EC), and 20 young volunteers (Y). The Y group served to extract the P3b spatial filter from EEG data, which was later applied to the other groups during resting conditions with eyes open and without being asked to perform any task. The group of 135 MCI subjects could be divided into two subgroups at the end of a month follow-up: 75 with stable MCI (MCI-S, not converted to AD), 60 converted to AD (MCI-C). The P3b spatial filter was built by means of a signal processing method called Functional Source Separation (FSS), which increases signal-to-noise ratio by using a weighted sum of all EEG recording channels rather than relying on a single, or a small sub-set, of channels. A clear difference was observed for the P3b dynamics at rest between groups. Moreover, a machine learning approach showed that P3b at rest could correctly distinguish MCI from EC (80.6% accuracy) and MCI-S from MCI-C (74.1% accuracy), with an accuracy as high as 93.8% in discriminating between MCI-C and EC. Finally, a comparison of the Bayes factor revealed that the group differences among MCI-S and MCI-C were 138 times more likely to be detected using the P3b dynamics compared with the best performing single electrode (Pz) approach. In conclusion, we propose that P3b as measured through spatial filters can be safely regarded as a simple and sensitive marker to predict the conversion from an MCI to AD status eventually combined with other non-neurophysiological biomarkers for a more precise definition of dementia having neuropathological Alzheimer characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Porcaro
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, (ISTC) - National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fabrizio Vecchio
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele-Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate (Como), Italy
| | - Francesca Miraglia
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate (Como), Italy.,Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Treatment Unit, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, Rieti, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Zito
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele-Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Treatment Unit, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, Rieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences & Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele-Roma, Rome, Italy
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14
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Abstract
The chief undertaking in the studies of consciousness is that of unravelling "the minimal set of neural processes that are together sufficient for the conscious experience of a particular content - the neural correlates of consciousness". To this day, this crusade remains at an impasse, with a clash of two main theories: consciousness may arise either in a graded and cortically-localised fashion, or in an all-or-none and widespread one. In spite of the long-lasting theoretical debates, neurophysiological theories of consciousness have been mostly dissociated from them. Herein, a theoretical review will be put forth with the aim to change that. In its first half, we will cover the hard available evidence on the neurophysiology of consciousness, whereas in its second half we will weave a series of considerations on both theories and substantiate a novel take on conscious awareness: the levels of processing approach, partitioning the conscious architecture into lower- and higher-order, graded and nonlinear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Almeida
- Faculdade de Letras, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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15
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Chen YK, Cheng T, Hsieh PJ. P3b Does Not Reflect Perceived Contrasts. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO. [PMID: 35346962 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0387-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that P3b is not a signature of perceptual awareness per se but is instead more closely associated with postperceptual processing (Cohen et al., 2020). Here, we seek to investigate whether human participants’ attentional states are different in the report and the no-report conditions. This difference in attentional states, if exists, may lead to degraded consciousness of the stimuli in the no-report condition, and it therefore remains unknown whether the disappearance of P3b is because of a lack of reportability or degraded consciousness. Results of our experiment 1 showed that participants did experience degraded contents of consciousness in the no-report condition. However, results of experiment 2 showed that the degraded contents of consciousness did not influence the amplitude of P3b. These findings strengthen the claim that P3b is not a signature of perceptual awareness but is associated with postperceptual processing.
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16
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López-Rojas C, Rossi E, Marful A, Bajo MT. Prospective memory in bilinguals and monolinguals: ERP and behavioural correlates of prospective processing in bilinguals. Brain Lang 2022; 225:105059. [PMID: 34971925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) allows us to form intentions and execute them in the future. Successful retrieval of prospective intentions depends on adequate context monitoring and disengagement from the ongoing task. These processes are also central in predicting incoming language information and guiding language production in bilinguals. We investigated if different bilingual experiences (early/late bilinguals, monolinguals) modulate performance in PM tasks that varied in attentional requirements (focal vs. non-focal). Behavioural and event-related potential (ERP) results indicated that early bilinguals differed from late bilinguals and monolinguals in how they performed the prospective task. Specifically, they showed larger differences between the ongoing activity and the prospective task in the N300 and P3b components when performing the more difficult non-focal PM task, indicating that they engaged in monitoring/updating to adapt to the task's demands. These differences were not observed in late bilinguals and monolinguals, suggesting that prospective processing is dependent on the bilingual experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López-Rojas
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Alejandra Marful
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mª Teresa Bajo
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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17
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Borra D, Magosso E. Deep learning-based EEG analysis: investigating P3 ERP components. J Integr Neurosci 2021; 20:791-811. [PMID: 34997705 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2004083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural processing of incoming stimuli can be analysed from the electroencephalogram (EEG) through event-related potentials (ERPs). The P3 component is largely investigated as it represents an important psychophysiological marker of psychiatric disorders. This is composed by several subcomponents, such as P3a and P3b, reflecting distinct but interrelated sensory and cognitive processes of incoming stimuli. Due to the low EEG signal-to-noise-ratio, ERPs emerge only after an averaging procedure across trials and subjects. Thus, this canonical ERP analysis lacks in the ability to highlight EEG neural signatures at the level of single-subject and single-trial. In this study, a deep learning-based workflow is investigated to enhance EEG neural signatures related to P3 subcomponents already at single-subject and at single-trial level. This was based on the combination of a convolutional neural network (CNN) with an explanation technique (ET). The CNN was trained using two different strategies to produce saliency representations enhancing signatures shared across subjects or more specific for each subject and trial. Cross-subject saliency representations matched the signatures already emerging from ERPs, i.e., P3a and P3b-related activity within 350-400 ms (frontal sites) and 400-650 ms (parietal sites) post-stimulus, validating the CNN+ET respect to canonical ERP analysis. Single-subject and single-trial saliency representations enhanced P3 signatures already at the single-trial scale, while EEG-derived representations at single-subject and single-trial level provided no or only mildly evident signatures. Empowering the analysis of P3 modulations at single-subject and at single-trial level, CNN+ET could be useful to provide insights about neural processes linking sensory stimulation, cognition and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Borra
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Cesena Campus, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Elisa Magosso
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Cesena Campus, 47522 Cesena, Italy.,Alma Mater Research Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Health Sciences & Technologies, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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18
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Gadeyne S, Mertens A, Carrette E, Van den Bossche F, Boon P, Raedt R, Vonck K. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation cannot modulate the P3b event-related potential in healthy volunteers. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 135:22-29. [PMID: 35007840 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The release of cortical norepinephrine is one of the possible mechanisms of action of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), a neuromodulatory treatment currently under investigation for cognitive impairment. Transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) may be able to activate vagal nerve branches ending in the brainstem's locus coeruleus (LC) non-invasively. The aim was to investigate if acute taVNS can modulate the P3b, a cognitive event-related potential (ERP) reflecting noradrenergic brain activation under control of the LC. METHODS Thirty-nine healthy volunteers performed an auditory oddball task during no stimulation, sham stimulation and taVNS in a randomized order. P3b amplitude, latency and behavioral outcome parameters were compared between conditions using linear mixed models. RESULTS P3b amplitude and latency during taVNS did not differ significantly from sham or control. Reaction time shortened and P3b latency prolonged with repetition of the oddball task. CONCLUSIONS We were unable to modulate cognitive ERPs by means of acute taVNS in a large group of healthy volunteers. SIGNIFICANCE Targeting vagal nerve fibres via a transcutaneous approach did not alter the P3b in healthy participants. The stimulation parameters used and transient delivery of taVNS might be insufficient to adequately modulate the LC. Also, a disbalanced locus coeruleus - norepinephrine system in patients may be more prone for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Gadeyne
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ann Mertens
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Carrette
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Paul Boon
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristl Vonck
- 4Brain, Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Liaukovich K, Ukraintseva Y, Martynova O. Implicit auditory perception of local and global irregularities in passive listening condition. Neuropsychologia 2021; 165:108129. [PMID: 34929262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The auditory system detects differences in sounds at an implicit level, but data on this difference might not be sufficient to make explicit discrimination. The biomarkers of implicit auditory memory of ambiguous stimuli could shed light on unconscious auditory processing and implicit auditory learning. Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a, components of event-related potentials (ERPs) reflecting stimuli discrimination without direct attention, were previously detected in response to the local (short-term) irregularity in the auditory sequence even in an unconscious state. At the same time, P3b was elicited only in case of direct attention in response to the global (long-term) irregularity. In this study, we applied the local-global auditory paradigm to obtain possible electrophysiological signatures of implicit detection of hardly distinguishable auditory stimuli. ERPs were recorded from 20 healthy volunteers during active discrimination of deviant sounds in the old-ball sequence and passive listening of the same sounds in the sequence with local-global irregularity. The discrimination task consisted of two blocks with different deviant sounds targeted to respond. The sound discrimination accuracy was at an average of 40%, implying the difficulty of explicit sound recognition. Comparing ERPs to standard and deviant sounds, we found posterior negativity in ERP around 450-600 ms in response to targeted deviant sounds. MMN was significant only in response to non-target deviants. In the passive local-global paradigm, we observed an anterior positivity (284-412 ms), compatible with P3a, in response to a violation of local regularity. Violation of global regularity elicited an anterior negative response (228-586 ms), resembling the N400 component of ERPs. Importantly, the other indexes of auditory discrimination, such as MMN and P3b, were insignificant in ERPs to both regularity violations. The observed P3a and N400 components of ERPs may reflect prediction error signals in the implicit perception of sound patterns even if behavioral recognition was poor.
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20
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Antonova I, van Swam C, Hubl D, Griskova-Bulanova I, Dierks T, Koenig T. Altered Visuospatial Processing in Schizophrenia: An Event-related Potential Microstate Analysis Comparing Patients with and without Hallucinations with Healthy Controls. Neuroscience 2021; 479:140-156. [PMID: 34687795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia present with various symptoms related to different domains. Abnormalities of auditory and visual perception are parts of a more general problem. Nevertheless, the relationship between the lifetime history of auditory verbal hallucination (AVH), one of the most prevalent symptoms in schizophrenia, and visuospatial deficits remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate differences in hemispheric involvement and visuospatial processing between healthy controls (HCs) and schizophrenia patients with and without AVHs. HCs (N = 20), schizophrenia patients with AVH (AVH group, N = 16), and schizophrenia patients without hallucinations (NH group, N = 10) participated in a 4-choice reaction task with lateralized stimuli. An event-related potential (ERP)-microstate approach was used to analyze ERP differences between the conditions and groups. The schizophrenia patients without hallucinations had slower responses than the HCs. An early visual N1 contralateral to stimulation side was prominent in all groups of participants but with decreased amplitude in the patients with schizophrenia, especially in the AVH group over the right hemisphere. The amplitude of P3b, a cognitive evaluation component, was also decreased in schizophrenia. Compared to AVH and HC groups, the patients in the NH group had altered microstate patterns: P3b was replaced by a novelty component, P3a. Although the difference between both patient groups was only based on the presence of AVHs, our findings indicated that patients had specific visuospatial deficits associated with a lifetime history of hallucinations: patients with AVHs showed early visual component alterations in the right hemisphere, and those without AVHs had more prominent visuospatial impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrida Antonova
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius, Lithuania; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Claudia van Swam
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Hubl
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Dierks
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Koenig
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Giordano GM, Perrottelli A, Mucci A, Di Lorenzo G, Altamura M, Bellomo A, Brugnoli R, Corrivetti G, Girardi P, Monteleone P, Niolu C, Galderisi S, Maj M. Investigating the Relationships of P3b with Negative Symptoms and Neurocognition in Subjects with Chronic Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1632. [PMID: 34942934 PMCID: PMC8699055 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits and negative symptoms (NS) have a pivotal role in subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ) due to their impact on patients' functioning in everyday life and their influence on goal-directed behavior and decision-making. P3b is considered an optimal electrophysiological candidate biomarker of neurocognitive impairment for its association with the allocation of attentional resources to task-relevant stimuli, an important factor for efficient decision-making, as well as for motivation-related processes. Furthermore, associations between P3b deficits and NS have been reported. The current research aims to fill the lack of studies investigating, in the same subjects, the associations of P3b with multiple cognitive domains and the expressive and motivation-related domains of NS, evaluated with state-of-the-art instruments. One hundred and fourteen SCZ and 63 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. P3b amplitude was significantly reduced and P3b latency prolonged in SCZ as compared to HCs. In SCZ, a positive correlation was found between P3b latency and age and between P3b amplitude and the Attention-vigilance domain, while no significant correlations were found between P3b and the two NS domains. Our results indicate that the effortful allocation of attention to task-relevant stimuli, an important component of decision-making, is compromised in SCZ, independently of motivation deficits or other NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia M. Giordano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrea Perrottelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.L.); (C.N.)
| | - Mario Altamura
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Roberto Brugnoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00189 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Giulio Corrivetti
- Department of Mental Health, University of Salerno, 84133 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00189 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Section of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Niolu
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.L.); (C.N.)
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
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22
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de la Salle S, Shah D, Choueiry J, Bowers H, McIntosh J, Carroll B, Ilivitsky V, Knott V. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism modulates P300 event-related potentials and associated activity in salience and central executive networks. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 211:173287. [PMID: 34653398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in auditory information processing in schizophrenia as indexed electrophysiologically by P300 deficits during novelty (P3a) and target (P3b) processing are linked to N -methyl- D -aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction. This study in 14 healthy volunteers examined the effects of a subanesthetic dose of the NMDAR antagonist ketamine on P300 and their relationship to psychomimetic symptoms and cortical source activity (with eLORETA). Ketamine reduced early (e- P3a) and late (l-P3a) novelty P300 at sensor (scalp)-level and at source-level in the salience network. Increases in dissociation symptoms were negatively correlated with ketamine-induced P3b changes, at sensor-level and source-level, in both salience and central executive networks. These P3a alterations during novelty processing, and the symptom-related P3b changes during target processing support a model of NMDAR hypofunction underlying disrupted auditory attention in schizophrenia.
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Tang S, Guo J, Li B, Song Z. The Effect of Social Distance on Intertemporal Choice of Reward Processing: An Event-Related Potentials Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:712194. [PMID: 34366816 PMCID: PMC8333281 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.712194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social factors can affect the processing of intertemporal choice, but the influence of social distance on the rewarding process of intertemporal choice is unclear. Therefore, by designing a novel cognitive resource competition paradigm for undifferentiated intertemporal choice, this article aims to explore the influence of social distance on intertemporal choice reward processing at the electrophysiological level. It was found that compared with the stranger condition, P3a is greater in the friend condition, which means social distance is evaluated in the early stage. In addition, different brain regions in the early stages are taking charge of processing the soon-but-small (SS) and later-but-lager (LL) reward in intertemporal choice. There is an interaction effect between social distance (friend vs. stranger) and intertemporal choice (SS reward vs. LL reward) on P3b. Under friend conditions, the P3b induced by LL reward is more positive than SS reward. Under the condition of choosing the LL reward, the P3b induced by friend is more positive than stranger. This result shows that in the latter stage of reward processing, the evaluation process of time discounting is less sensitive in LL reward for friend caused by lack of cognitive resources which is occupied when dealing with social distance in advance, and thus the degree of time discount was reduced. These findings demonstrate that P3b is the key index of time discounting and immediate and delayed rewards are valued in different brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Tang
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
- Neural Industrial Engineering Lab SEM, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
- Neural Industrial Engineering Lab SEM, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhikai Song
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
- Neural Industrial Engineering Lab SEM, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
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Rokos A, Mah R, Boshra R, Harrison A, Choy TL, Blain-Moraes S, Connolly JF. Eliciting and Recording Event Related Potentials (ERPs) in Behaviourally Unresponsive Populations: A Retrospective Commentary on Critical Factors. Brain Sci 2021; 11:835. [PMID: 34202435 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A consistent limitation when designing event-related potential paradigms and interpreting results is a lack of consideration of the multivariate factors that affect their elicitation and detection in behaviorally unresponsive individuals. This paper provides a retrospective commentary on three factors that influence the presence and morphology of long-latency event-related potentials—the P3b and N400. We analyze event-related potentials derived from electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected from small groups of healthy youth and healthy elderly to illustrate the effect of paradigm strength and subject age; we analyze ERPs collected from an individual with severe traumatic brain injury to illustrate the effect of stimulus presentation speed. Based on these critical factors, we support that: (1) the strongest paradigms should be used to elicit event-related potentials in unresponsive populations; (2) interpretation of event-related potential results should account for participant age; and (3) speed of stimulus presentation should be slower in unresponsive individuals. The application of these practices when eliciting and recording event-related potentials in unresponsive individuals will help to minimize result interpretation ambiguity, increase confidence in conclusions, and advance the understanding of the relationship between long-latency event-related potentials and states of consciousness.
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Dembski C, Koch C, Pitts M. Perceptual awareness negativity: a physiological correlate of sensory consciousness. Trends Cogn Sci 2021; 25:660-70. [PMID: 34172384 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Much research on the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) has focused on two evoked potentials, the P3b and the visual or auditory awareness negativity (VAN, AAN). Surveying a broad range of recent experimental evidence, we find that repeated failures to observe the P3b during conscious perception eliminate it as a putative NCC. Neither the VAN nor the AAN have been dissociated from consciousness; furthermore, a similar neural signal correlates with tactile consciousness. These awareness negativities can be maximal contralateral to the evoking stimulus, are likely generated in underlying sensory cortices, and point to the existence of a generalized perceptual awareness negativity (PAN) reflecting the onset of sensory consciousness.
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Campbell AM, Elbogen EB, Johnson JL, Hamer RM, Belger A. Event related potentials indexing the influence of emotion on cognitive processing in veterans with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:1389-97. [PMID: 34023623 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotion regulation and cognitive executive control are significantly impaired in both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). These illnesses are increasingly common in veterans and their co-occurrence may exacerbate symptoms and recovery. The current study sought to investigate neural correlates of these impairments via event-related potentials (ERPs) and examined the association of PTSD symptom severity and impulsivity with these correlates. METHODS Electroencephalographic data from seventy-nine veterans with PTSD and TBI and 17 control participants were recorded during a visual emotional oddball task and analyzed for the N2 and P3b ERPs. RESULTS Results revealed that veterans showed a reduced P3b ERP in response to both target images and standard images. However, for standard images that followed a negative emotional distractor, the veterans showed a heightened N2 amplitude while the controls did not. In addition, impulsivity predicted modulation of the P3b across stimulus conditions, with a greater P3b amplitude associated with an increase in impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that veterans showed hyper-responsivity to background information and reduced ERPs to task-relevant information. SIGNIFICANCE These findings may reflect heightened internal states that create neural noise and a reduced ability to modulate relevant responses.
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Choi W. Cantonese advantage on English stress perception: Constraints and neural underpinnings. Neuropsychologia 2021; 158:107888. [PMID: 33991562 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A prevailing conception of cross-linguistic transfer is that first language experience poses perceptual interference, or at best null effect, on second language speech perception. Surprisingly, a recent study found that Cantonese listeners outperformed English listeners on English stress perception. The present study further evaluated whether segmental variations would constrain the Cantonese advantage on English stress perception. Cantonese and English listeners were tested with both active and passive oddball paradigms in which ERP responses to English stress deviations were elicited. Behaviorally, the Cantonese listeners exhibited a perceptual advantage relative to the English listeners, but this advantage disappeared upon the introduction of segmental variations. Neurophysiologically, segmental variations diminished the P3b amplitudes of the Cantonese but not the English listeners. Collectively, results suggest that segmental variations constrain the Cantonese advantage on English stress perception.
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Coppens R, Rabinovich NE, Kanneganti R, Diggs HA, Wiggs K, Healey T, Huggenvik J, Rose GM, Gilbert DG. APOE genotype influences P3b amplitude and response to smoking abstinence in young adults. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1171-1181. [PMID: 33506304 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is strong evidence that nicotine can enhance cognitive functions and growing evidence that this effect may be larger in young healthy APOE ε4 carriers. However, the moderating effects of the APOE ε4 allele on cognitive impairments caused by nicotine deprivation in chronic smokers have not yet been studied with brain indices. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether young female carriers of the APOE ε4 allele, relative to noncarriers, would exhibit larger abstinence-induced decreases in P3b amplitude during a two-stimulus auditory oddball task. METHODS We compared parietal P3bs in female chronic smokers with either APOE ε3/ε3 (n = 54) or ε3/ε4 (n = 20) genotype under nicotine-sated conditions and after 12-17-h nicotine deprivation. RESULTS Nicotine deprivation significantly reduced P3b amplitudes in APOE ε4 carriers, but not in APOE-ε3/ε3 individuals, such that the difference seen prior to nicotine deprivation was eliminated. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that subjects with the APOE ε4 allele are more sensitive to nicotine, which could influence smoking patterns, the risk for nicotine dependence, and the cognitive effects of nicotine use in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Coppens
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
- Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive & Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Norka E Rabinovich
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | | | - Herman A Diggs
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
- Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive & Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Kristin Wiggs
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Travis Healey
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Jodi Huggenvik
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Gregory M Rose
- Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive & Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - David G Gilbert
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.
- Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive & Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.
- School of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Mail Code 6502, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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Del Vecchio M. Don't tell anyone: the importance of no-report paradigms in neuroscience of consciousness. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:1577-1579. [PMID: 33788637 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00569.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural correlates of perceptual awareness are usually investigated by comparing experimental conditions in which subjects are aware or not aware of the delivered stimulus. This, however, implies that subjects report their experience, possibly biasing the neural responses with the postperceptual processes involved. This Neuro Forum article reviews evidence from an electroencephalography (EEG) study by Cohen and colleagues (Cohen M, Ortego K, Kyroudis A, Pitts M. J Neurosci 40: 4925-4935, 2020) addressing the importance of no-report paradigms in the neuroscience of consciousness. In particular, authors show that P3b, one of the proposed canonical "signatures" of the conscious processing, is strongly elicited only when subjects have to report their experience, proposing a reconsideration in the approach to the neuroscience of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Vecchio
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Council of Research, Parma, Italy
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Núñez-Peña MI, Colomé À, González-Gómez B. The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect in highly math-anxious individuals: An ERP study. Biol Psychol 2021; 161:108062. [PMID: 33667612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect was examined in highly (HMA) and low math-anxious (LMA) individuals performing a number comparison in an ERP study. The SNARC effect consists of faster latencies when the response side is congruent with number location in the mental number line (MNL). Despite the stronger SNARC effect in the HMA group, their responses in incongruent trials were slower than in congruent trials only for the largest numerical magnitudes. Moreover, HMAs showed a less positive centroparietal P3b component in incongruent trials than in congruent ones, but only for the largest magnitudes. Since the SNARC effect arises during response selection and P3b positivity decreases with the difficulty of decision, this result suggests that HMA individuals might find it more difficult than LMAs to control the conflict between the automatically activated location of numbers in the MNL and the response side, especially in more cognitively demanding trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Núñez-Peña
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology (Quantitative Psychology Section), Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - À Colomé
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology (Cognitive Processes Section), Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - B González-Gómez
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology (Quantitative Psychology Section), Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Na E, Lee K, Kim EJ, Bae JB, Suh SW, Byun S, Han JW, Kim KW. Pre-attentive Visual Processing in Alzheimer's Disease: An Event-related Potential Study. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:1195-1207. [PMID: 33593259 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210216084534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While identifying Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in its early stages is crucial, traditional neuropsychological tests tend to lack sensitivity and specificity for its diagnosis. Neuropsychological studies have reported visual processing deficits of AD, and event-related potentials (ERPs) are suitable to investigate pre-attentive processing with superior temporal resolution. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate visual attentional characteristics of adults with AD, from pre-attentive to attentive processing, using a visual oddball task and ERPs. METHODS Cognitively normal elderly controls (CN) and patients with probable AD (AD) were recruited. Participants performed a three-stimulus visual oddball task and were asked to press a designated button in response to the target stimuli. The amplitudes of 4 ERPs were analyzed. Mismatchnegativity (vMMN) was analyzed around the parieto-occipital and temporo-occipital regions. P3a was analyzed around the fronto-central regions, whereas P3b was analyzed around the centro-parietal regions. RESULTS Late vMMN amplitudes of the AD group were significantly smaller than those of the CN group, while early vMMN amplitudes were comparable. Compared to the CN group, P3a amplitudes of the AD group were significantly smaller for the infrequent deviant stimuli, but the amplitudes for the standard stimuli were comparable. Lastly, the AD group had significantly smaller P3b amplitudes for the target stimuli compared to the CN group. CONCLUSION Our findings imply that AD patients exhibit pre-attentive visual processing deficits, known to affect later higher-order brain functions. In a clinical setting, the visual oddball paradigm could be used to provide helpful diagnostic information since pre-attentive ERPs can be induced by passive exposure to infrequent stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunchan Na
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kanghee Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun J Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jong B Bae
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung W Suh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seonjeong Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji W Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki W Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Kremláček J, Nekolová J, Středová M, Langrová J, Szanyi J, Kuba M, Kubová Z, Vít F, Voda P, Veselá M, Jirásková N. Vision before and after scharioth macular lens implantation in patients with AMD: an electrophysiological study. Doc Ophthalmol 2021; 143:17-31. [PMID: 33392893 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-020-09814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background For patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a special intraocular lens implantation partially compensates for the loss in the central part of the visual field. For six months, we evaluated changes in neurophysiological parameters in patients implanted with a “Scharioth macula lens” (SML; a center near high add + 10 D and peripheral plano carrier bifocal lens designed to be located between the iris and an artificial lens). Methods Fourteen patients (5 M, 9 F, 63–87 years) with dry AMD were examined prior to and at 3 days after, as well as 1, 2, and 6 months after, implantation using pattern-reversal, motion-onset, and cognitive evoked potentials, psychophysical tests evaluating distant and near visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity. Results Near visual acuity without an external aid was significantly better six months after implantation than before implantation (Jaeger table median (lower; upper quartile): 4 (1; 6) vs. 15 (13; 17)). Distant visual acuity was significantly altered between the pre- (0.7 (0.5; 0.8) logMAR) and last postimplantation visits (0.8 (0.7; 0.8) logMAR), which matched prolongation of the P100 peak time (147 (135; 151) ms vs. 161 (141; 166) ms) of 15 arc min pattern-reversal VEPs and N2 peak time (191.5 (186.5; 214.5) ms vs. 205 (187; 218) ms) of peripheral motion-onset VEPs. Conclusion SML implantation significantly improved near vision. We also observed a slight but significant decrease in distant and peripheral vision. The most efficient electrophysiological approach to test patients with SML was the peripheral motion-onset stimulation, which evoked repeatable and readable VEPs. Supplementary Information The online version
containssupplementary material available at (10.1007/s10633-020-09814-8).
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Wedekind A, Távora-Vieira D, Nguyen AT, Marinovic W, Rajan GP. Cochlear implants in single-sided deaf recipients: Near normal higher-order processing. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 132:449-456. [PMID: 33450565 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Single-sided deafness (SSD) is a condition where an individual has a severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss in one ear and normal hearing on the contralateral side. The use of cochlear implants in individuals with SSD leads to functional improvements in hearing. However, it is relatively unclear how sounds incoming via the cochlear implant (independent of the hearing ear) are processed and interpreted by higher-order processes in the brain. METHODS Scalp electroencephalography and auditory event-related potentials were recorded monaurally from nine experienced single sided cochlear implant users. Speech-in-noise and localisation tests were used to measure functional changes in hearing. RESULTS cochlear implant use was associated with improvement in speech-in-noise and localisation tests (compared to cochlear implant off). Significant N2 and P3b effects were observed in both cochlear implant and normal hearing ear conditions, with similar waveform morphology and scalp distribution across conditions. Delayed response times and a reduced N2 (but not P3b) effect was measured in the CI condition. CONCLUSION The brain is capable of using processes similar to those in normal hearing to discriminate sounds presented to the cochlear implant. There was evidence of processing difficulty in the cochlear implant condition which could be due to the relatively degraded signals produced by the cochlear implant compared to the normal hearing ear. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding how the brain processes sound provided by a cochlear implant highlights how cortical responses can be used to guide implantation candidacy guidelines and influence rehabilitation recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Wedekind
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School. University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Audiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia.
| | - Dayse Távora-Vieira
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School. University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Audiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - An T Nguyen
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Gunesh P Rajan
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School. University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Deptartment of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
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LoTemplio S, Silcox J, Federmeier KD, Payne BR. Inter- and intra-individual coupling between pupillary, electrophysiological, and behavioral responses in a visual oddball task. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13758. [PMID: 33347634 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although the P3b component of the event-related brain potential is one of the most widely studied components, its underlying generators are not currently well understood. Recent theories have suggested that the P3b is triggered by phasic activation of the locus-coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system, an important control center implicated in facilitating optimal task-relevant behavior. Previous research has reported strong correlations between pupil dilation and LC activity, suggesting that pupil diameter is a useful indicator for ongoing LC-NE activity. Given the strong relationship between LC activity and pupil dilation, if the P3b is driven by phasic LC activity, there should be a robust trial-to-trial relationship with the phasic pupillary dilation response (PDR). However, previous work examining relationships between concurrently recorded pupillary and P3b responses has not supported this. One possibility is that the relationship between the measures might be carried primarily by either inter-individual (i.e., between-participant) or intra-individual (i.e., within-participant) contributions to coupling, and prior work has not systematically delineated these relationships. Doing so in the current study, we do not find evidence for either inter-individual or intra-individual relationships between the PDR and P3b responses. However, baseline pupil dilation did predict the P3b. Interestingly, both the PDR and P3b independently predicted inter-individual and intra-individual variability in decision response time. Implications for the LC-P3b hypothesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara LoTemplio
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jack Silcox
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kara D Federmeier
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Brennan R Payne
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Bell KL, Lister JJ, Conter R, Harrison Bush AL, O'Brien J. Cognitive Event-Related Potential Responses Differentiate Older Adults with and without Probable Mild Cognitive Impairment. Exp Aging Res 2020; 47:145-164. [PMID: 33342371 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2020.1861838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Older adults rarely seek cognitive assessment, but often visit other healthcare professionals (e.g., audiologists). Noninvasive clinical measures within the scopes of practice of those professions sensitive to cognitive impairment are needed. Purpose: This study examined the differences of probable mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on latency and mean amplitude of the P3b auditory event-related potential. Method: Fifty-four participants comprised two groups according to cognitive status (cognitively normal older adults [CNOA], n = 25; probable MCI, n = 29). P3b was recorded using an oddball paradigm for speech (/ba/, /da/) and non-speech (1000, 2000 Hz) stimuli. Amplitudes and latencies were compared from six electrodes (FPz, Fz, FCz, Cz, CPz, Pz) between groups across stimulus probability and type. Results: CNOA participants had larger P3b mean amplitudes for deviant stimuli than those with probable MCI. Group effects of latency were isolated to deviant stimuli at FCz only when those with unclear P3bs were included. Findings did not covary with age or education. Overall, CNOAs showed a large P3b oddball effect while those with probable MCI did not. Conclusions: P3b can be used to show electrophysiological differences between older adults with and without probable MCI. These results support the development of educational materials targeting professionals using auditory-evoked potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Bell
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer Jones Lister
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel Conter
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Aryn L Harrison Bush
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Brain Health and Cognition, Reliance Medical Centers , Lakeland, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida, USA
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Zickerick B, Kobald SO, Thönes S, Küper K, Wascher E, Schneider D. Don't stop me now: Hampered retrieval of action plans following interruptions. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13725. [PMID: 33226663 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
How can we retrieve action plans in working memory (WM) after being distracted or interrupted? The present EEG study investigated this question using a WM task in which a random sequence of single numbers (1-4 and 6-9) was presented. In a given trial, participants had to decide whether the number presented in the preceding trial was odd or even. Additionally, interfering stimuli were randomly presented in 25% of all trials, requiring the participants to either ignore a colored number (distraction) or respond to it (interruption) while maintaining the previously formed action plan in WM. Our results revealed a detrimental impact of interruptions on WM performance in trials after interrupting stimuli compared to trials without a preceding interference. This was reflected in decreased task accuracy and reduced stimulus- and response-locked P3b amplitudes potentially indicating a hampered reactivation of stimulus-response links. Moreover, decreased contralateral mu suppression prior to a given response highlighted an impaired response preparation following interruptions. Distractions, on the other hand, did not negatively affect task performance but were followed by faster responses in subsequent trials compared to trials without prior interference. This result pattern was supported by stronger contralateral mu suppression indicating a facilitated response preparation. Overall, these results suggest that action representations in WM are resistant to distractions but do suffer from interruptions that disrupt or interfere with their implementation. We thus propose that the possibility of adequately preparing for an upcoming response is essential for behavioral guidance in the presence of external interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Zickerick
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Oliver Kobald
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sven Thönes
- Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Küper
- Bundeswehr Institute for Preventive Medicine, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel Schneider
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
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Billig AR, Feng NC, Behforuzi H, McFeeley BM, Nicastri CM, Daffner KR. Capacity-limited resources are used for managing sensory degradation and cognitive demands: Implications for age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Cortex 2020; 133:277-294. [PMID: 33157347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Older adults with sensory deficits are at higher risk for developing cognitive impairment and dementia. It remains uncertain if the link between sensory and cognitive functioning reflects a common underlying factor or whether sensory deficits directly undermine cognitive processing. This issue was addressed by comparing behavioral and event-related potential responses of 16 older and 16 young adults during a working memory paradigm that parametrically varied visual contrast level (100%, 69%, 22%) and cognitive task load (1-4 face pairs to remember). The groups were well-matched on demographic and neuropsychological variables; however, older adults had worse corrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. The study's major finding was an interaction between visual contrast level and task load on performance accuracy (percent of correct responses) and the allocation of resources for decision making/updating (as indexed by the P3b amplitude). The negative impact of degraded visual processing was greater at higher levels of task demand. This result suggests that a shared pool of processing resources is used to mediate cognitive operations and manage the processing of degraded images. The study also demonstrated that older adults reach the limits of their processing capacity at lower levels of task load. The interaction between visual degradation and task demand, accompanied by the age-related reduction in available processing resources highlight the increased vulnerability of older adults. Specifically, an age-associated decline in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity puts older adults at risk for depleting their limited resources in the service of processing degraded visual images. The results of this study underscore the potential importance of optimizing vision in older adults to help mitigate age-associated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Billig
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Nicole C Feng
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Hura Behforuzi
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Brittany M McFeeley
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Casey M Nicastri
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Kirk R Daffner
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Jenkins M, Obhi SS. Neurophysiological and Psychological Consequences of Social Exclusion: The Effects of Cueing In-Group and Out-Group Status. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa057. [PMID: 34296120 PMCID: PMC8152886 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exclusion by outgroups is often attributed to external factors such as prejudice. Recently, event-related potential studies have demonstrated that subtle cues influence expectations of exclusion, altering the P3b response to inclusion or exclusion. We investigated whether a visual difference between participants and interaction partners could activate expectations of exclusion, indexed by P3b activity, and whether this difference would influence psychological responses to inclusion and exclusion. Participants played a ball-tossing game with two computer-controlled coplayers who were believed to be real. One period involved fair play inclusion while the other involved partial exclusion. Avatars represented participants, with their color matching participant skin tone, and either matching or differing from the color of coplayer avatars. This created the impression that the participant was an ingroup or outgroup member. While ingroup members elicited enhanced P3b activation when receiving the ball during exclusion, outgroup members showed this pattern for both inclusion and exclusion, suggesting that they formed robust a-priori expectations of exclusion. Self-reports indicated that while these expectations were psychologically protective during exclusion, they were detrimental during inclusion. Ultimately, this study reveals that expectations of exclusion can be formed purely based on visual group differences, regardless of the actual minority or majority status of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jenkins
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Sukhvinder S Obhi
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada
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Lauffs MM, Geoghan SA, Favrod O, Herzog MH, Preuschoff K. Risk prediction error signaling: A two-component response? Neuroimage 2020; 214:116766. [PMID: 32247756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisms use rewards to navigate and adapt to (uncertain) environments. Error-based learning about rewards is supported by the dopaminergic system, which is thought to signal reward prediction errors to make adjustments to past predictions. More recently, the phasic dopamine response was suggested to have two components: the first rapid component is thought to signal the detection of a potentially rewarding stimulus; the second, slightly later component characterizes the stimulus by its reward prediction error. Error-based learning signals have also been found for risk. However, whether the neural generators of these signals employ a two-component coding scheme like the dopaminergic system is unknown. Here, using human high density EEG, we ask whether risk learning, or more generally speaking surprise-based learning under uncertainty, is similarly comprised of two temporally dissociable components. Using a simple card game, we show that the risk prediction error is reflected in the amplitude of the P3b component. This P3b modulation is preceded by an earlier component, that is modulated by the stimulus salience. Source analyses are compatible with the idea that both the early salience signal and the later risk prediction error signal are generated in insular, frontal, and temporal cortex. The identified sources are parts of the risk processing network that receives input from noradrenergic cells in the locus coeruleus. Finally, the P3b amplitude modulation is mirrored by an analogous modulation of pupil size, which is consistent with the idea that both the P3b and pupil size indirectly reflect locus coeruleus activity.
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Schüller T, Fischer AG, Gruendler TOJ, Baldermann JC, Huys D, Ullsperger M, Kuhn J. Decreased transfer of value to action in Tourette syndrome. Cortex 2020; 126:39-48. [PMID: 32062469 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder putatively associated with a hyperdopaminergic state. Therefore, it seems plausible that excessive dopamine transmission in Tourette syndrome alters the ability to learn based on rewards and punishments. We tested whether Tourette syndrome patients exhibited altered reinforcement learning and corresponding feedback-related EEG deflections. METHODS We used a reinforcement learning task providing factual and counterfactual feedback in a sample of 15 Tourette syndrome patients and matched healthy controls whilst recording EEG. The paradigm presented various reward probabilities to enforce adaptive adjustments. We employed a computational model to derive estimates of the prediction error, which we used for single-trial regression analysis of the EEG data. RESULTS We found that Tourette syndrome patients showed increased choice stochasticity compared to controls. The feedback-related negativity represented an axiomatic prediction error for factual feedback and did not differ between groups. We observed attenuated P3a modulation specifically for factual feedback in Tourette syndrome patients, representing impaired coding of attention allocation. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that cortical prediction error coding is unaffected by Tourette syndrome. Nonetheless, the transfer of learned values into choice formation is degraded, in line with a hyperdopaminergic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schüller
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Adrian G Fischer
- Otto von Guericke University, Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theo O J Gruendler
- Otto von Guericke University, Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Baldermann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Huys
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Ullsperger
- Otto von Guericke University, Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Otto von Guericke University, Institute of Psychology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Kuhn
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany; Johanniter Hospital Oberhausen, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Oberhausen, Germany
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41
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Beck AK, Sandmann P, Dürschmid S, Schwabe K, Saryyeva A, Krauss JK. Neuronal activation in the human centromedian-parafascicular complex predicts cortical responses to behaviorally significant auditory events. Neuroimage 2020; 211:116583. [PMID: 32006682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies with non-human primates have suggested an excitatory influence of the thalamus on the cerebral cortex, with the centromedian-parafascicular complex (CM-Pf) being particularly involved in processes of sensory event-driven attention and arousal. To define the involvement of the human CM-Pf in bottom-up and top-down auditory attention, we simultaneously recorded cortical EEG activity and intracranial local field potentials (LFPs) via electrodes implanted for deep brain stimulation for the treatment of neuropathic pain. The patients (N = 6) performed an auditory three-class oddball paradigm with frequent standard stimuli and two types of infrequent deviant stimuli (target and distractor). We found a parietal P3b to targets and a central P3a to distractors at the scalp level. Subcortical recordings in the CM-Pf revealed enhanced activation to targets compared to standards. Interarea-correlation analyses showed that activation in the CM-Pf predicted the generation of longer latency P3b scalp potentials specifically in the target condition. Our results provide first direct human evidence for a functional temporal relationship between target-related activation in the CM-Pf and an enhanced cortical target response. These results corroborate the hypothetical model of a cortico-basal ganglia loop system that switches from top-down to bottom-up mode in response to salient, task-relevant external events that are not predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Pascale Sandmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Dürschmid
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Germany
| | - Assel Saryyeva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Joachim K Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Germany
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42
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Liu M, Zhou L, Wang X, Ye B. Sad expressions during encoding attenuate recognition of facial identity in visual working memory: behavioural and electrophysiological evidence. Cogn Emot 2020; 34:1271-1283. [PMID: 32046591 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2020.1726291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated how sad expressions during encoding affected recognition of facial identity in visual working memory (WM) and its electrophysiological correlates. Event-related potentials were obtained from 36 individuals during a delayed face discrimination task. The hit (correctly recognising studied faces) rates, correct rejection (CR: correctly rejecting unstudied faces) rates, sensitivity d' (discrimination power of face identity recognition), and N170 (150-200 ms), the vertex positive potential (VPP; 150-200 ms), N250 (250-300 ms), P3b (350-450 ms), and late positive potential (LPP; 550-800 ms) amplitudes elicited by the neutral probe faces (previously encoded with sad and happy expressions) during hits and CR conditions were analysed. The participants showed lower hits and CRs and therefore had a lower discrimination power for facial identity preceded by sad expressions compared to happy expressions. For hits, neutral probe faces previously encoded with sad expressions exhibited increased N170, VPP, N250, P3b and LPP amplitudes compared to amplitudes following encoding with happy expressions. For correct rejections, the ERP effect of sad/happy expressions was absent. These results indicate that sad expressions during encoding attenuated the recognition of facial identity in visual WM. The reduced facial identity recognition for previously encoded sad expressions may be associated with increased early structural encoding, more late attention and perceptual resource engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfan Liu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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43
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Jaquerod ME, Mesrobian SK, Villa AEP, Bader M, Lintas A. Early Attentional Modulation by Working Memory Training in Young Adult ADHD Patients during a Risky Decision-Making Task. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E38. [PMID: 31936483 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Working memory (WM) deficits and impaired decision making are among the characteristic symptoms of patients affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The inattention associated with the disorder is likely to be due to functional deficits of the neural networks inhibiting irrelevant sensory input. In the presence of unnecessary information, a good decisional process is impaired and ADHD patients tend to take risky decisions. This study is aimed to test the hypothesis that the level of difficulty of a WM training (WMT) is affecting the top-down modulation of the attentional processes in a probabilistic gambling task. Methods: Event-related potentials (ERP) triggered by the choice of the amount wagered in the gambling task were recorded, before and after WMT with a the dual n-back task, in young ADHD adults and matched controls. For each group of participants, randomly assigned individuals were requested to perform WMT with a fixed baseline level of difficulty. The remaining participants were trained with a performance-dependent adaptive n-level of difficulty. Results: We compared the ERP recordings before and after 20 days of WMT in each subgroup. The analysis was focused on the time windows with at least three recording sites showing differences before and after training, after Bonferroni correction ( p < 0.05 ). In ADHD, the P1 wave component was selectively affected at frontal sites and its shape was recovered close to controls' only after adaptive training. In controls, the strongest contrast was observed at parietal level with a left hemispheric dominance at latencies near 900 ms, more after baseline than after adaptive training. Conclusion: Partial restoration of early selective attentional processes in ADHD patients might occur after WMT with a high cognitive load. Modified frontal sites' activities might constitute a neural marker of this effect in a gambling task. In controls, conversely, an increase in late parietal negativity might rather be a marker of an increase in transfer effects to fluid intelligence.
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44
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Xue Y, Zhou H, Jiang C, Liu X, Zhou Z, Wang J. Two-Hour Tobacco Abstinence Has No Effect on Cognitive Control in Male Patients With Nicotine Dependence: An ERP Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:604684. [PMID: 33424667 PMCID: PMC7794006 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.604684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The average nicotine half-life in body tissues is 2 h. Understanding the influence of pure nicotine abstinence on cognitive control may be helpful in eliminating nicotine dependence (ND) and preventing smoking relapse. This study was to investigate the effects of 2-h tobacco abstinence on cognitive control in patients with ND. Twenty-five patients with ND completed event-related potential (ERP) P300 measurements at the normality state and the abstinence state. Twenty-five healthy controls (HCs) were measured with P300 twice with a 2-h time interval. HAMD and HAMA were used to assess the emotional state. Results showed that there were significant differences in Carbon monoxide (CO) levels between the abstinence state and the normality state in the ND group. There were no significant differences in HAMD and HAMA scores for the abstinence state in the ND group or the normality state in the ND group and the HC group. For P3a, P3b amplitude, and P3a latency, the main effect for ND group was significant. For P3a, P3b amplitude, and latency, the interaction effect for group × time point was not significant, and the main effect for time point was not significant. It concluded that patients with ND present cognitive control deficits, and 2-h tobacco abstinence has no effect on cognitive control deficits in male patients with ND. Our findings may be helpful in eliminating nicotine dependence and preventing smoking relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenguang Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhe Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chandler MC, McGowan AL, Payne BR, Hampton Wray A, Pontifex MB. Aerobic fitness relates to differential attentional but not language-related cognitive processes. Brain Lang 2019; 198:104681. [PMID: 31514088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence supports an association between the attribute of aerobic fitness and achievement scores on standardized tests of reading. However, such standardized assessments provide only a broad valuation of a complex network of language related sub-processes that contribute to reading and are heavily confounded by other attention-related processes. The present investigation sought to clarify the nature of the association between aerobic fitness and language processing in a sample of college-aged adults. Participants were bifurcated based on aerobic fitness level and on a separate day were asked to complete a lexical decision task while neuroelectric activity was recorded. Analysis of word-level language-related ERP components revealed no fitness differences. However, lower aerobically-fit individuals elicited smaller amplitude for attention-related ERP components relative to the higher aerobically-fit group. These data provide initial evidence to suggest that fitness-related differences in reading achievement may result from attentional processes rather than acting upon specific language-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison C Chandler
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, 308 W. Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Amanda L McGowan
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, 308 W. Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Brennan R Payne
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E Beh S 502, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
| | - Amanda Hampton Wray
- Department of Communication Science & Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, 6035 Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
| | - Matthew B Pontifex
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, 308 W. Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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46
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Blundon EG, Ward LM. Search asymmetry in a serial auditory task: Neural source analyses of EEG implicate attention strategies. Neuropsychologia 2019; 134:107204. [PMID: 31562864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a detailed analysis of the fast network dynamics underlying P3a and P3b event-related potential (ERP) subcomponents generated during an unconventional serial auditory search paradigm. We dissect the electroencephalographic (EEG) data from an earlier study of ours, using a variety of advanced signal processing techniques, in order to discover how the brain is processing auditory targets differently when they possess a rare, salient, unpredictable feature not shared with distractors than when targets lack this feature but distractors have it. We find that brain regions associated with the Ventral Attention Network (VAN) are the primary neural generators of the P3a subcomponent in response to feature-present targets, whereas regions associated with the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN), as well as regions associated with detecting auditory oddball stimuli (ODD), may be the primary neural generators of the P3b, in the context of our study, and perhaps in search paradigms in general. Moreover, measurements of the time courses of oscillatory power changes and inter-regional synchronization in theta and low-gamma frequency bands were consistent with the early activation and synchronization within the VAN associated with the P3a subcomponent, and with the later activation and synchronization within the DAN and ODD networks associated with the P3b subcomponent. Implications of these finding for the mechanisms underlying search asymmetry phenomena are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence M Ward
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada; Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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47
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Miller R, Stewart L, Martin F. An event-related potential investigation of age and sex in face categorization: Participant sex matters. Soc Neurosci 2019; 15:52-63. [PMID: 31274376 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2019.1638827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Whether a face is categorized as male or female is influenced by the age of the face. In the present study, Event-Related Potential (ERP) measures were employed to offer insight into the neural correlates indexing the interaction between the age and sex of a face during sex categorization. Thirty-eight young adults (18 male) categorized the sex of young (18-29 years) and older (70-94 years) adult faces as ERP activity was recorded. Amplitude modulation for the P3b was observed in parietal regions. Younger female faces elicited more positive P3b amplitudes than older female faces, a difference that did not occur for male faces. Behavioral performance and P3b modulation also indicated these effects varied between male and female participants. Women responded more slowly and with less accuracy to older female faces compared to male and young female faces, a pattern of results mirrored by P3b latency. These findings indicate that later-occurring ERP components, such as the P3b, signal the intersection of multiple social categories during face processing suggesting that the evaluation of ingroup/outgroup membership related to age is enhanced for young women, but not for young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemaree Miller
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Laura Stewart
- Discipline of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Frances Martin
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
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48
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St John AM, Finch K, Tarullo AR. Socioeconomic status and neural processing of a go/no-go task in preschoolers: An assessment of the P3b. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 38:100677. [PMID: 31255904 PMCID: PMC6969333 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Children aged 4.5–5.5 years completed a go/no-go task while recording EEG. P3b amplitudes were assessed, indexing inhibition and attention processes. Higher household income related to larger P3b amplitudes on go and no-go trials. Results show that SES has implications for children’s neural processing.
While it is well established that lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with poorer executive functioning (EF), how SES relates to the neural processing of EF in childhood remains largely unexplored. We examined how household income and parent education related to amplitudes of the P3b, an event-related potential component, during one EF task. We assessed the P3b, indexing inhibition and attention allocation processes, given the importance of these skills for academic success. Children aged 4.5–5.5 years completed a go/no-task, which assesses inhibitory control and attention, while recording EEG. The P3b was assessed for both go trials (indexing sustained attention) and no-go trials (indexing inhibition processes). Higher household income was related to larger P3b amplitudes on both go and no-go trials. This was a highly educated sample, thus results indicate that P3b amplitudes are sensitive to household income even within the context of high parental education. Findings build on the behavioral literature and demonstrate that SES also has implications for the neural mechanisms underlying inhibition and attention processing in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M St John
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, United States.
| | - Kayla Finch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, United States.
| | - Amanda R Tarullo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, United States.
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Cavanagh JF, Wilson JK, Rieger RE, Gill D, Broadway JM, Story Remer JH, Fratzke V, Mayer AR, Quinn DK. ERPs predict symptomatic distress and recovery in sub-acute mild traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychologia 2019; 132:107125. [PMID: 31228481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can affect high-level executive functioning long after somatic symptoms resolve. We tested if simple EEG responses within an oddball paradigm could capture variance relevant to this clinical problem. The P3a and P3b components reflect bottom-up and top-down processes driving engagement with exogenous stimuli. Since these features are related to primitive decision abilities, abnormal amplitudes following mTBI may account for problems in the ability to exert executive control. Sub-acute (<2 weeks) mTBI participants (N = 38) and healthy controls (N = 24) were assessed at an initial session as well as a two-month follow-up (sessions 1 and 2). We contrasted the initial assessment to a comparison group of participants with chronic symptomatology following brain injury (N = 23). There were no group differences in P3a or P3b amplitudes. Yet in the sub-acute mTBI group, higher symptomatology on the Frontal Systems Behavior scale (FrSBe), a questionnaire validated as measuring symptomatic distress related to frontal lobe injury, correlated with lower P3a in session 1. This relationship was replicated in session 2. These findings were distinct from chronic TBI participants, who instead expressed a relationship between increased FrSBe symptoms and a lower P3b component. In the sub-acute group, P3b amplitudes in the first session correlated with the degree of symptom change between sessions 1 and 2, above and beyond demographic predictors. Controls did not show any relationship between FrSBe symptoms and P3a or P3b. These findings identify symptom-specific alterations in neural systems that vary along the time course of post-concussive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Cavanagh
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131, USA.
| | - J Kevin Wilson
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131, USA
| | - Rebecca E Rieger
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131, USA
| | - Darbi Gill
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA
| | - James M Broadway
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA
| | - Jacqueline Hope Story Remer
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA
| | - Violet Fratzke
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131, USA; University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA; Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Davin K Quinn
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2600 Marble Avenue NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ability to determine the location of the sound source is often important for effective communication. However, it is not clear how the localisation is affected by background noise. In the current study, localisation in quiet versus noise was evaluated in adults both behaviourally, and using MMN and P3b. DESIGN The speech token/da/was presented in a multi-deviant oddball paradigm in quiet and in presence of speech babble at +5 dB SNR. The deviants were presented at locations that differed from the standard by 30°, 60° and 90°. STUDY SAMPLE Sixteen normal hearing adults between the age range of 18-35 years participated in the study. RESULTS The results showed that participants were significantly faster and more accurate at identifying deviants presented at 60° and 90° as compared to 30°. Neither reaction times nor electrophysiological measures (MMN/P3b) were affected by the background noise. The deviance magnitude (30°, 60° and 90°) did not affect the MMN amplitude, but the smaller deviant (30°) generated P3b with smaller amplitude. CONCLUSIONS Under the stimulus paradigm and measures employed in this study, localisation ability as effectively sampled appeared resistant to speech babble interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varghese Peter
- a MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development , Western Sydney University , Penrith , Australia.,b Department of Linguistics , Macquarie University , North Ryde , Australia.,c The HEARing Cooperative Research Centre , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Luke Fratturo
- d The Balance Clinic and Laboratory , Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Camperdown , Australia
| | - Mridula Sharma
- b Department of Linguistics , Macquarie University , North Ryde , Australia.,c The HEARing Cooperative Research Centre , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
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