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Vitkova V, Ristori D, Cheron G, Bazan A, Cebolla AM. Long-lasting negativity in the left motoric brain structures during word memory inhibition in the Think/No-Think paradigm. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10907. [PMID: 38740808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the electrical brain responses in a high-density EEG array (64 electrodes) elicited specifically by the word memory cue in the Think/No-Think paradigm in 46 participants. In a first step, we corroborated previous findings demonstrating sustained and reduced brain electrical frontal and parietal late potentials elicited by memory cues following the No-Think (NT) instructions as compared to the Think (T) instructions. The topographical analysis revealed that such reduction was significant 1000 ms after memory cue onset and that it was long-lasting for 1000 ms. In a second step, we estimated the underlying brain generators with a distributed method (swLORETA) which does not preconceive any localization in the gray matter. This method revealed that the cognitive process related to the inhibition of memory retrieval involved classical motoric cerebral structures with the left primary motor cortex (M1, BA4), thalamus, and premotor cortex (BA6). Also, the right frontal-polar cortex was involved in the T condition which we interpreted as an indication of its role in the maintaining of a cognitive set during remembering, by the selection of one cognitive mode of processing, Think, over the other, No-Think, across extended periods of time, as it might be necessary for the successful execution of the Think/No-Think task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Vitkova
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- InterPsy Laboratory, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Dominique Ristori
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ariane Bazan
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- InterPsy Laboratory, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Ana Maria Cebolla
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Pomper U, Curetti LZ, Chait M. Neural dynamics underlying successful auditory short-term memory performance. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3859-3878. [PMID: 37691137 PMCID: PMC10946728 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Listeners often operate in complex acoustic environments, consisting of many concurrent sounds. Accurately encoding and maintaining such auditory objects in short-term memory is crucial for communication and scene analysis. Yet, the neural underpinnings of successful auditory short-term memory (ASTM) performance are currently not well understood. To elucidate this issue, we presented a novel, challenging auditory delayed match-to-sample task while recording MEG. Human participants listened to 'scenes' comprising three concurrent tone pip streams. The task was to indicate, after a delay, whether a probe stream was present in the just-heard scene. We present three key findings: First, behavioural performance revealed faster responses in correct versus incorrect trials as well as in 'probe present' versus 'probe absent' trials, consistent with ASTM search. Second, successful compared with unsuccessful ASTM performance was associated with a significant enhancement of event-related fields and oscillatory activity in the theta, alpha and beta frequency ranges. This extends previous findings of an overall increase of persistent activity during short-term memory performance. Third, using distributed source modelling, we found these effects to be confined mostly to sensory areas during encoding, presumably related to ASTM contents per se. Parietal and frontal sources then became relevant during the maintenance stage, indicating that effective STM operation also relies on ongoing inhibitory processes suppressing task-irrelevant information. In summary, our results deliver a detailed account of the neural patterns that differentiate successful from unsuccessful ASTM performance in the context of a complex, multi-object auditory scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pomper
- Ear InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Maria Chait
- Ear InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Gao C, Zhang Q, Zhang X. Active inhibition of the retro-cue effect in visual working memory: Evidence from event-related potential. Iperception 2023; 14:20416695231182290. [PMID: 37425098 PMCID: PMC10328049 DOI: 10.1177/20416695231182290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used the event-related potential (ERP) technique to investigate whether active inhibition exists in retro-cue Effect (RCE) in visual working memory using modified retro-cue tasks. In this modified task, the participants were first asked to memorize six color blocks and then presented with directed remembering or directed forgetting cues; finally, their working memory performance was tested. For behavioral results, due to the extension of the memory interval, this study did not find RCE in accuracy but reflected it in the total reaction time. For ERP results, the frontal late positive potential (LPP) followed by the directed forgetting condition was larger than that followed by directed remembering and baseline conditions, and there was no significant difference between directed remembering and baseline conditions. There was no significant difference in parietal P3 followed by both the directed remembering and directed forgetting conditions, which were significantly larger than the baseline condition. This result reveals that active inhibition plays an important role in directed forgetting RCE. There was a correlation between parietal P3 and frontal LPP with the same time window but different scalp regions in the directed forgetting condition, indicating a potential relationship between active inhibition and retelling in directed forgetting RCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Chen S, Mao X, Wu Y. Can't stop thinking: The role of cognitive control in suppression-induced forgetting. Neuropsychologia 2022; 172:108274. [PMID: 35623449 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control unwanted memories is essential for emotional regulation and maintaining mental health. Previous evidence indicates that suppressing retrieval, which recruits executive control mechanisms to prevent unwanted memories entering consciousness, can cause forgetting, termed suppression-induced forgetting (SIF). Because these executive mechanisms involve multiple mental operations, their effects may be limited by individuals' capacity limitation of cognitive control. Here, we tested the hypothesis that cognitive control capacity (CCC, estimated by the backward masking majority function task) is an important factor that predicts SIF. Participants were assigned to two groups based on the median CCC and performed the think/no-think task with electrophysiological signals recorded. The results showed that the SIF effect was observed only in the high CCC group but not in the low CCC group. In accordance, repeated suppression attempts also resulted in a steeper reduction in intrusive thoughts in the high CCC group. Furthermore, ERP analysis revealed a decrease in recollection-related late parietal positivity (LPP) under the no-think condition in the high CCC group, indicating successful avoidance of recall. A mediation analysis revealed that the reduced intrusive memories mediated the effect of CCC on SIF. These findings suggest that suppressing retrieval could reduce traces of the unwanted memories, making them less intrusive and harder to recall. More importantly, successful SIF is constrained by the capacity of cognitive control which may be used to ensure the coordination of multiple cognitive processes during suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Chen
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Xinrui Mao
- Collage of Elementary Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Yanhong Wu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Machine Perception, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Schechtman E, Lampe A, Wilson BJ, Kwon E, Anderson MC, Paller KA. Sleep reactivation did not boost suppression-induced forgetting. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1383. [PMID: 33446812 PMCID: PMC7809483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80671-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep's role in memory consolidation is widely acknowledged, but its role in weakening memories is still debated. Memory weakening is evolutionary beneficial and makes an integral contribution to cognition. We sought evidence on whether sleep-based memory reactivation can facilitate memory suppression. Participants learned pairs of associable words (e.g., DIET-CREAM) and were then exposed to hint words (e.g., DIET) and instructed to either recall ("think") or suppress ("no-think") the corresponding target words (e.g., CREAM). As expected, suppression impaired retention when tested immediately after a 90-min nap. To test if reactivation could selectively enhance memory suppression during sleep, we unobtrusively presented one of two sounds conveying suppression instructions during sleep, followed by hint words. Results showed that targeted memory reactivation did not enhance suppression-induced forgetting. Although not predicted, post-hoc analyses revealed that sleep cues strengthened memory, but only for suppressed pairs that were weakly encoded before sleep. The results leave open the question of whether memory suppression can be augmented during sleep, but suggest strategies for future studies manipulating memory suppression during sleep. Additionally, our findings support the notion that sleep reactivation is particularly beneficial for weakly encoded information, which may be prioritized for consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Schechtman
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Anna Lampe
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Brianna J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Eunbi Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Michael C Anderson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Ken A Paller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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Motivated forgetting increases the recall time of learnt items: Behavioral and event related potential evidence. Brain Res 2020; 1729:146624. [PMID: 31881184 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated modulation of the recall time in a motivated forgetting (MF) paradigm and the neural manifestation of it through event related potential (ERP) analysis. We studied whether compared to failed attempts in suppression, partial success can potentiate control mechanisms and this might manifest, neurally as modulation of ERP components related to conscious recollection, and behaviorally as delayed recall of learnt items. We employed a modified version of the Think\No-Think paradigm with dominant number of No-Think words (cued to forget). We defined a forgetting index as FI = Final Recall Time-Initial Recall Time. The MF trials were separated into three conditions according to their corresponding FI; Forget, Delayed Recall, and Recall conditions. The findings revealed significant late ERP effects in terms of a late parietal positivity (LPP), modulated by the item condition, that appeared to reflect the consequence of conscious suppression on actual retrieval of stored memory. Over the same topographic location, FI was negatively correlated with the LPP amplitude, demonstrating the consequence of inhibition processing during MF in modulating the recall time. The negative correlation between LPP and FI provides evidence that increased recall time due to MF is also related to reduced activity, probably in the hippocampal-parietal network, corresponding to recollection of suppressed memories.
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Kaminski M, Brzezicka A, Kaminski J, Blinowska KJ. Coupling Between Brain Structures During Visual and Auditory Working Memory Tasks. Int J Neural Syst 2019; 29:1850046. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129065718500466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transmission of EEG activity during a visual and auditory version of the working memory task based on the paradigm of linear syllogism was investigated. Our aim was to find possible similarities and differences in the synchronization patterns between brain structures during the same mental activity performed on different modality stimuli. The EEG activity transmission was evaluated by means of full frequency Directed Transfer Function (ffDTF) and short-time Directed Transfer Function (SDTF). SDTF provided information on dynamical propagation of EEG activity. The assortative mixing approach was applied to quantify coupling between regions of interest encompassing frontal, central and two posterior modules. The results showed similar schemes of coupling for both modalities with stronger coupling within the regions of interests than between them, which is concordant with the theories concerning efficient wiring and metabolic energy saving. The patterns of transmission showed main sources of activity in the anterior and posterior regions communicating intermittently in a broad frequency range. The differences between the patterns of transmission between the visual and auditory versions of working memory tasks were subtle and involved bigger propagation from the posterior electrodes towards the frontal ones during the visual task as well as from the temporal sites to the frontal ones during the auditory task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kaminski
- Department of Biomedical Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Brzezicka
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social, Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Kaminski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Katarzyna J. Blinowska
- Department of Biomedical Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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López-Caneda E, Crego A, Campos AD, González-Villar A, Sampaio A. The Think/No-Think Alcohol Task: A New Paradigm for Assessing Memory Suppression in Alcohol-Related Contexts. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 43:36-47. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo López-Caneda
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab ; Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi); School of Psychology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
| | - Alberto Crego
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab ; Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi); School of Psychology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
| | - Ana D. Campos
- Human Cognition Lab ; Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi); School of Psychology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
| | - Alberto González-Villar
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology ; University of Santiago de Compostela; Galicia Spain
| | - Adriana Sampaio
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab ; Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi); School of Psychology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
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Oehrn CR, Fell J, Baumann C, Rosburg T, Ludowig E, Kessler H, Hanslmayr S, Axmacher N. Direct Electrophysiological Evidence for Prefrontal Control of Hippocampal Processing during Voluntary Forgetting. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3016-3022.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Gamboa OL, Sung Lai Yuen K, von Wegner F, Behrens M, Steinmetz H. The challenge of forgetting: Neurobiological mechanisms of auditory directed forgetting. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:249-263. [PMID: 29080232 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed forgetting (DF) is considered an adaptive mechanism to cope with unwanted memories. Understanding it is crucial to develop treatments for disorders in which thought control is an issue. With an item-method DF paradigm in an auditory form, the underlying neurocognitive processes that support auditory DF were investigated. Subjects were asked to perform multi-modal encoding of word-stimuli before knowing whether to remember or forget each word. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that DF is subserved by a right frontal-parietal-cingulate network. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the activation of this network show converging evidence suggesting that DF is a complex process in which active inhibition, attentional switching, and working memory are needed to manipulate both unwanted and preferred items. These results indicate that DF is a complex inhibitory mechanism which requires the crucial involvement of brain areas outside prefrontal regions to operate over attentional and working memory processes. Hum Brain Mapp 39:249-263, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lucía Gamboa
- Department of Neurology and Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kenneth Sung Lai Yuen
- Neuroimaging Center Mainz (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederic von Wegner
- Department of Neurology and Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Epilepsy Center Rhein-Main and Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marion Behrens
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Microanatomy and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helmuth Steinmetz
- Department of Neurology and Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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