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Herrera-Diaz A, Boshra R, Tavakoli P, Lin CYA, Pajankar N, Bagheri E, Kolesar R, Fox-Robichaud A, Hamielec C, Reilly JP, Connolly JF. Tracking auditory mismatch negativity responses during full conscious state and coma. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1111691. [PMID: 36970526 PMCID: PMC10036371 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1111691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) is considered the electrophysiological change-detection response of the brain, and therefore a valuable clinical tool for monitoring functional changes associated with return to consciousness after severe brain injury. Using an auditory multi-deviant oddball paradigm, we tracked auditory MMN responses in seventeen healthy controls over a 12-h period, and in three comatose patients assessed over 24 h at two time points. We investigated whether the MMN responses show fluctuations in detectability over time in full conscious awareness, or whether such fluctuations are rather a feature of coma. Three methods of analysis were utilized to determine whether the MMN and subsequent event-related potential (ERP) components could be identified: traditional visual analysis, permutation t-test, and Bayesian analysis. The results showed that the MMN responses elicited to the duration deviant-stimuli are elicited and reliably detected over the course of several hours in healthy controls, at both group and single-subject levels. Preliminary findings in three comatose patients provide further evidence that the MMN is often present in coma, varying within a single patient from easily detectable to undetectable at different times. This highlights the fact that regular and repeated assessments are extremely important when using MMN as a neurophysiological predictor of coma emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adianes Herrera-Diaz
- Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Adianes Herrera-Diaz
| | - Rober Boshra
- Princenton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Paniz Tavakoli
- Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chia-Yu A. Lin
- Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Netri Pajankar
- Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elham Bagheri
- Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Kolesar
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison Fox-Robichaud
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Critical Care Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cindy Hamielec
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Critical Care Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James P. Reilly
- Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John F. Connolly
- Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- VoxNeuro, Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Maschke C, Duclos C, Blain-Moraes S. Paradoxical markers of conscious levels: Effects of propofol on patients in disorders of consciousness. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:992649. [PMID: 36277055 PMCID: PMC9584648 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.992649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human consciousness is widely understood to be underpinned by rich and diverse functional networks, whose breakdown results in unconsciousness. Candidate neural correlates of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness include: (1) disrupted frontoparietal functional connectivity; (2) disrupted brain network hubs; and (3) reduced spatiotemporal complexity. However, emerging counterexamples have revealed that these markers may appear outside of the state they are associated with, challenging both their inclusion as markers of conscious level, and the theories of consciousness that rely on their evidence. In this study, we present a case series of three individuals in disorders of consciousness (DOC) who exhibit paradoxical brain responses to exposure to anesthesia. High-density electroencephalographic data were recorded from three patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) while they underwent a protocol of propofol anesthesia with a targeted effect site concentration of 2 μg/ml. Network hubs and directionality of functional connectivity in the alpha frequency band (8–13 Hz), were estimated using the weighted phase lag index (wPLI) and directed phase lag index (dPLI). The spatiotemporal signal complexity was estimated using three types of Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC). Our results illustrate that exposure to propofol anesthesia can paradoxically result in: (1) increased frontoparietal feedback-dominant connectivity; (2) posterior network hubs; and (3) increased spatiotemporal complexity. The case examples presented in this paper challenge the role of functional connectivity and spatiotemporal complexity in theories of consciousness and for the clinical evaluation of levels of human consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Maschke
- Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Duclos
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l’île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stefanie Blain-Moraes
- Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Stefanie Blain-Moraes,
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3
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Avidan MS, Mashour GA. Repurposing Propofol as a Prognostic Probe for Return of Consciousness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 205:140-142. [PMID: 34818124 PMCID: PMC8787254 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202111-2504ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Avidan
- Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 12275, St Louis, Missouri, United States;
| | - George A Mashour
- University of Michigan Michigan Medicine, 21614, Anesthesiology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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4
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Duclos C, Maschke C, Mahdid Y, Nadin D, Rokos A, Arbour C, Badawy M, Létourneau J, Owen AM, Plourde G, Blain-Moraes S. Brain Responses to Propofol in Advance of Recovery From Coma and Disorders of Consciousness: A Preliminary Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 205:171-182. [PMID: 34748722 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202105-1223oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Predicting recovery of consciousness in unresponsive, brain-injured individuals has crucial implications for clinical decision-making. Propofol induces distinctive brain network reconfiguration in the healthy brain as it loses consciousness. In patients with disorders of consciousness, the brain network's reconfiguration to propofol may reveal the patient's underlying capacity for consciousness. OBJECTIVE To design and test a new metric for the prognostication of consciousness recovery in disorders of consciousness. METHODS Using a within-subject design, we conducted an anesthetic protocol with concomitant high-density EEG in 12 patients in a disorder of consciousness following a brain injury. We quantified the reconfiguration of EEG network hubs and directed functional connectivity before, during, and after propofol exposure, and obtained an index of propofol-induced network reconfiguration: the Adaptive Reconfiguration Index. We compared the index of patients who recovered consciousness 3 months post-EEG (n = 3) to that of patients who did not recover or remained in a chronic disorder of consciousness (n = 7), and conducted a logistic regression to assess prognostic accuracy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The Adaptive Reconfiguration Index was significantly higher in patients who later recovered full consciousness (U-value=21, p=0.008), and able to discriminate with 100% accuracy whether the patient recovered consciousness. CONCLUSIONS The Adaptive Reconfiguration Index of patients who recovered from a disorder of consciousness at 3-month follow-up was linearly separable from that of patients who did not recover or remained in a chronic disorder of consciousness, on the single-subject level. EEG and propofol can be administered at the bedside with few contraindications, affording the Adaptive Reconfiguration Index tremendous translational potential as a prognostic measure of consciousness recovery in acute clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohamed Badawy
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 55981, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Justin Létourneau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 55981, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Western University Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, 70384, Brain and Mind Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Western University Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, 70384, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilles Plourde
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, 55981, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Eliciting and Recording Event Related Potentials (ERPs) in Behaviourally Unresponsive Populations: A Retrospective Commentary on Critical Factors. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070835. [PMID: 34202435 PMCID: PMC8301772 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A consistent limitation when designing event-related potential paradigms and interpreting results is a lack of consideration of the multivariate factors that affect their elicitation and detection in behaviorally unresponsive individuals. This paper provides a retrospective commentary on three factors that influence the presence and morphology of long-latency event-related potentials—the P3b and N400. We analyze event-related potentials derived from electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected from small groups of healthy youth and healthy elderly to illustrate the effect of paradigm strength and subject age; we analyze ERPs collected from an individual with severe traumatic brain injury to illustrate the effect of stimulus presentation speed. Based on these critical factors, we support that: (1) the strongest paradigms should be used to elicit event-related potentials in unresponsive populations; (2) interpretation of event-related potential results should account for participant age; and (3) speed of stimulus presentation should be slower in unresponsive individuals. The application of these practices when eliciting and recording event-related potentials in unresponsive individuals will help to minimize result interpretation ambiguity, increase confidence in conclusions, and advance the understanding of the relationship between long-latency event-related potentials and states of consciousness.
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6
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Differential classification of states of consciousness using envelope- and phase-based functional connectivity. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118171. [PMID: 34000405 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of sophisticated computational tools to quantify changes in the brain's oscillatory dynamics across states of consciousness have included both envelope- and phase-based measures of functional connectivity (FC), but there are very few direct comparisons of these techniques using the same dataset. The goal of this study was to compare an envelope-based (i.e. Amplitude Envelope Correlation, AEC) and a phase-based (i.e. weighted Phase Lag Index, wPLI) measure of FC in their classification of states of consciousness. Nine healthy participants underwent a three-hour experimental anesthetic protocol with propofol induction and isoflurane maintenance, in which five minutes of 128-channel electroencephalography were recorded before, during, and after anesthetic-induced unconsciousness, at the following time points: Baseline; light sedation with propofol (Light Sedation); deep unconsciousness following three hours of surgical levels of anesthesia with isoflurane (Unconscious); five minutes prior to the recovery of consciousness (Pre-ROC); and three hours following the recovery of consciousness (Recovery). Support vector machine classification was applied to the source-localized EEG in the alpha (8-13 Hz) frequency band in order to investigate the ability of AEC and wPLI (separately and together) to discriminate i) the four states from Baseline; ii) Unconscious ("deep" unconsciousness) vs. Pre-ROC ("light" unconsciousness); and iii) responsiveness (Baseline, Light Sedation, Recovery) vs. unresponsiveness (Unconscious, Pre-ROC). AEC and wPLI yielded different patterns of global connectivity across states of consciousness, with AEC showing the strongest network connectivity during the Unconscious epoch, and wPLI showing the strongest connectivity during full consciousness (i.e., Baseline and Recovery). Both measures also demonstrated differential predictive contributions across participants and used different brain regions for classification. AEC showed higher classification accuracy overall, particularly for distinguishing anesthetic-induced unconsciousness from Baseline (83.7 ± 0.8%). AEC also showed stronger classification accuracy than wPLI when distinguishing Unconscious from Pre-ROC (i.e., "deep" from "light" unconsciousness) (AEC: 66.3 ± 1.2%; wPLI: 56.2 ± 1.3%), and when distinguishing between responsiveness and unresponsiveness (AEC: 76.0 ± 1.3%; wPLI: 63.6 ± 1.8%). Classification accuracy was not improved compared to AEC when both AEC and wPLI were combined. This analysis of source-localized EEG data demonstrates that envelope- and phase-based FC provide different information about states of consciousness but that, on a group level, AEC is better able to detect relative alterations in brain FC across levels of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness compared to wPLI.
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7
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Krokhine SN, Ewers NP, Mangold KI, Boshra R, Lin CYA, Connolly JF. N2b Reflects the Cognitive Changes in Executive Functioning After Concussion: A Scoping Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:601370. [PMID: 33424568 PMCID: PMC7793768 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.601370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The N2b is an event-related potential (ERP) component thought to index higher-order executive function. While the impact of concussion on executive functioning is frequently discussed in the literature, limited research has been done on the role of N2b in evaluating executive functioning in patients with concussion. The aims of this review are to consolidate an understanding of the cognitive functions reflected by the N2b and to account for discrepancies in literature findings regarding the N2b and concussion. Methods: A scoping review was conducted on studies that used the N2b to measure cognitive functioning in healthy control populations, as well as in people with concussions. Results: Sixty-six articles that met inclusion criteria demonstrated that the N2b effectively represents stimulus-response conflict management, response selection, and response inhibition. However, the 19 included articles investigating head injury (using terms such as concussion, mild head injury, and mild traumatic brain injury) found widely varied results: some studies found the amplitude of the N2b to be increased in the concussion group, while others found it to be decreased or unchanged. Conclusion: Based on the available evidence, differences in the amplitude of the N2b have been linked to response selection, conflict, and inhibition deficits in concussion. However, due to large variations in methodology across studies, findings about the directionality of this effect remain inconclusive. The results of this review suggest that future research should be conducted with greater standardization and consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Krokhine
- Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL) Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nathalee P Ewers
- Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL) Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kiersten I Mangold
- Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL) Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rober Boshra
- Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL) Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chia-Yu A Lin
- Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL) Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John F Connolly
- Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL) Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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8
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Nadin D, Duclos C, Mahdid Y, Rokos A, Badawy M, Létourneau J, Arbour C, Plourde G, Blain-Moraes S. Brain network motif topography may predict emergence from disorders of consciousness: a case series. Neurosci Conscious 2020; 2020:niaa017. [PMID: 33376599 PMCID: PMC7751128 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging methods have improved the accuracy of diagnosis in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC), but novel, clinically translatable methods for prognosticating this population are still needed. In this case series, we explored the association between topographic and global brain network properties and prognosis in patients with DOC. We recorded high-density electroencephalograms in three patients with acute or chronic DOC, two of whom also underwent an anesthetic protocol. In these two cases, we compared functional network motifs, network hubs and power topography (i.e. topographic network properties), as well as relative power and graph theoretical measures (i.e. global network properties), at baseline, during exposure to anesthesia and after recovery from anesthesia. We also compared these properties to a group of healthy, conscious controls. At baseline, the topographic distribution of nodes participating in alpha motifs resembled conscious controls in patients who later recovered consciousness and high relative power in the delta band was associated with a negative outcome. Strikingly, the reorganization of network motifs, network hubs and power topography under anesthesia followed by their return to a baseline patterns upon recovery from anesthesia, was associated with recovery of consciousness. Our findings suggest that topographic network properties measured at the single-electrode level might provide more prognostic information than global network properties that are averaged across the brain network. In addition, we propose that the brain network's capacity to reorganize in response to a perturbation is a precursor to the recovery of consciousness in DOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Nadin
- Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Duclos
- Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yacine Mahdid
- Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexander Rokos
- Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Badawy
- Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justin Létourneau
- Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Arbour
- Centre de recherche, CIUSSS du-Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gilles Plourde
- Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stefanie Blain-Moraes
- Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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9
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Boshra R, Ruiter KI, Dhindsa K, Sonnadara R, Reilly JP, Connolly JF. On the time-course of functional connectivity: theory of a dynamic progression of concussion effects. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa063. [PMID: 32954320 PMCID: PMC7491441 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current literature presents a discordant view of mild traumatic brain injury and its effects on the human brain. This dissonance has often been attributed to heterogeneities in study populations, aetiology, acuteness, experimental paradigms and/or testing modalities. To investigate the progression of mild traumatic brain injury in the human brain, the present study employed data from 93 subjects (48 healthy controls) representing both acute and chronic stages of mild traumatic brain injury. The effects of concussion across different stages of injury were measured using two metrics of functional connectivity in segments of electroencephalography time-locked to an active oddball task. Coherence and weighted phase-lag index were calculated separately for individual frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha and beta) to measure the functional connectivity between six electrode clusters distributed from frontal to parietal regions across both hemispheres. Results show an increase in functional connectivity in the acute stage after mild traumatic brain injury, contrasted with significantly reduced functional connectivity in chronic stages of injury. This finding indicates a non-linear time-dependent effect of injury. To understand this pattern of changing functional connectivity in relation to prior evidence, we propose a new model of the time-course of the effects of mild traumatic brain injury on the brain that brings together research from multiple neuroimaging modalities and unifies the various lines of evidence that at first appear to be in conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rober Boshra
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Vector Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Kyle I Ruiter
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kiret Dhindsa
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Vector Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ranil Sonnadara
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Vector Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - James P Reilly
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Vector Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John F Connolly
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Vector Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.,Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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10
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Connolly JF, Reilly JP, Fox-Robichaud A, Britz P, Blain-Moraes S, Sonnadara R, Hamielec C, Herrera-Díaz A, Boshra R. Development of a point of care system for automated coma prognosis: a prospective cohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029621. [PMID: 31320356 PMCID: PMC6661548 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coma is a deep state of unconsciousness that can be caused by a variety of clinical conditions. Traditional tests for coma outcome prediction are based mainly on a set of clinical observations. Recently, certain event-related potentials (ERPs), which are transient electroencephalogram (EEG) responses to auditory, visual or tactile stimuli, have been introduced as useful predictors of a positive coma outcome (ie, emergence). However, such tests require the skills of clinical neurophysiologists, who are not commonly available in many clinical settings. Additionally, none of the current standard clinical approaches have sufficient predictive accuracies to provide definitive prognoses. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to develop improved machine learning procedures based on EEG/ERP for determining emergence from coma. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Data will be collected from 50 participants in coma. EEG/ERP data will be recorded for 24 consecutive hours at a maximum of five time points spanning 30 days from the date of recruitment to track participants' progression. The study employs paradigms designed to elicit brainstem potentials, middle-latency responses, N100, mismatch negativity, P300 and N400. In the case of patient emergence, data are recorded on that occasion to form an additional basis for comparison. A relevant data set will be developed from the testing of 20 healthy controls, each spanning a 15-hour recording period in order to formulate a baseline. Collected data will be used to develop an automated procedure for analysis and detection of various ERP components that are salient to prognosis. Salient features extracted from the ERP and resting-state EEG will be identified and combined to give an accurate indicator of prognosis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is approved by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (project number 4840). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal articles and presentations at scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03826407.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Connolly
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, MaRS Discovery District, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James P Reilly
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, MaRS Discovery District, Ontario, Canada
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison Fox-Robichaud
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Critical Care Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Stefanie Blain-Moraes
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ranil Sonnadara
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, MaRS Discovery District, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cindy Hamielec
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Critical Care Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adianes Herrera-Díaz
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rober Boshra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, MaRS Discovery District, Ontario, Canada
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Disruption of function: Neurophysiological markers of cognitive deficits in retired football players. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:111-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Armanfard N, Komeili M, Reilly JP, Connolly JF. A Machine Learning Framework for Automatic and Continuous MMN Detection With Preliminary Results for Coma Outcome Prediction. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2018; 23:1794-1804. [PMID: 30369457 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2018.2877738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a component of the event-related potential (ERP) that is elicited through an odd-ball paradigm. The existence of the MMN in a coma patient has a good correlation with coma emergence; however, this component can be difficult to detect. Previously, MMN detection was based on visual inspection of the averaged ERPs by a skilled clinician, a process that is expensive and not always feasible in practice. In this paper, we propose a practical machine learning (ML) based approach for detection of MMN component, thus, improving the accuracy of prediction of emergence from coma. Furthermore, the method can operate on an automatic and continuous basis thus alleviating the need for clinician involvement. The proposed method is capable of the MMN detection over intervals as short as two minutes. This finer time resolution enables identification of waxing and waning cycles of a conscious state. An auditory odd-ball paradigm was applied to 22 healthy subjects and 2 coma patients. A coma patient is tested by measuring the similarity of the patient's ERP responses with the aggregate healthy responses. Because the training process for measuring similarity requires only healthy subjects, the complexity and practicality of training procedure of the proposed method are greatly improved relative to training on coma patients directly. Since there are only two coma patients involved with this study, the results are reported on a very preliminary basis. Preliminary results indicate we can detect the MMN component with an accuracy of 92.7% on healthy subjects. The method successfully predicted emergence in both coma patients when conventional methods failed. The proposed method for collecting training data using exclusively healthy subjects is a novel approach that may prove useful in future, unrelated studies where ML methods are used.
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