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Carmona I, Rodriguez-Rodriguez J, Alvarez D, Noguera C. Inhibition and working memory capacity modulate the mental space-time association. Psychon Bull Rev 2024:10.3758/s13423-024-02497-1. [PMID: 38639835 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate whether the mental space-time association of temporal concepts could be modulated by the availability of cognitive resources (in terms of working memory and inhibitory control capacities) and to explore whether access to this association could be an automatic process. To achieve this, two experiments were carried out. In Experiment 1, participants had to classify words with future and past meanings. The working memory load (high vs. low) was manipulated and the participants were grouped into quartiles according to their visuospatial working memory capacity (WMC). Temporal concepts were displayed subliminally (immediate masking) and supraliminally (delayed masking). The ANOVA showed a performance pattern consistent with the left-past right-future conceptual scheme, regardless of both the type of masking and the working memory load, except in high WMC participants, in which, interestingly, the space-time association effect was absent. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to respond to the colour of the font of the temporal words, and their attentional control capacity was assessed. The results indicated a timeline effect that was irrespective of the WM load and the type of perceptual processing, but not of the WM capacity or the inhibitory abilities. These findings partially endorse the automatic and implicit access to the mental space-time association and suggest the involvement of the availability of cognitive resources. Individual WMC differences appear to modulate the automatic nature of the effect rather than the processing conditions themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Carmona
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n. 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain.
| | - Jose Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n. 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
| | - Dolores Alvarez
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n. 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
| | - Carmen Noguera
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n. 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain.
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2
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Bader F, Wiener M. Neuroimaging Signatures of Metacognitive Improvement in Sensorimotor Timing. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1789222023. [PMID: 38129131 PMCID: PMC10904090 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1789-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Error monitoring is an essential human ability underlying learning and metacognition. In the time domain, humans possess a remarkable ability to learn and adapt to temporal intervals, yet the neural mechanisms underlying this are not clear. Recently, we demonstrated that humans improve sensorimotor time estimates when given the chance to incorporate previous trial feedback ( Bader and Wiener, 2021), suggesting that humans are metacognitively aware of their own timing errors. To test the neural basis of this metacognitive ability, human participants of both sexes underwent fMRI while they performed a visual temporal reproduction task with randomized supra-second intervals (1.5-6 s). Crucially, each trial was repeated following feedback, allowing a "re-do" to learn from the successes or errors in the initial trial. Behaviorally, we replicated our previous finding of improved re-do trial performance despite temporally uninformative (i.e., early or late) feedback. For neuroimaging, we observed a dissociation between estimating and reproducing time intervals. Estimation engaged the default mode network (DMN), including the superior frontal gyri, precuneus, and posterior cingulate, whereas reproduction activated regions associated traditionally with the "timing network" (TN), including the supplementary motor area (SMA), precentral gyrus, and right supramarginal gyrus. Notably, greater and more extensive DMN involvement was observed in re-do trials, whereas for the TN, it was more constrained. Task-based connectivity between these networks demonstrated higher inter-network correlation primarily when estimating initial trials, while re-do trial communication was higher during reproduction. Overall, these results suggest that the DMN and TN jointly mediate subjective self-awareness to improve timing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Bader
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030
| | - Martin Wiener
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030
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Bracca V, Cantoni V, Gadola Y, Rivolta J, Cosseddu M, Turrone R, Caratozzolo S, Di Luca M, Padovani A, Borroni B, Benussi A. Neurophysiological correlates of altered time awareness in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3515-3522. [PMID: 37247033 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in time awareness have been reported in dementia, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, the neurophysiological correlates underlying these alterations remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the neurophysiological correlates of altered time awareness in AD and FTD patients. METHODS A total of 150 participants (50 AD patients, 50 FTD patients, and 50 healthy controls [HC]) underwent a standardized neuropsychological assessment, an altered time awareness survey, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to assess cholinergic (short latency afferent inhibition-SAI), GABAergic (short interval intracortical inhibition-SICI), and glutamatergic (intracortical facilitation-ICF) circuits. RESULTS In AD patients, the most frequent symptom was difficulty in ordering past events (52.0%), while FTD patients primarily struggled with estimating temporal intervals between events (40.0%). Significant differences were observed between HC and both patient groups, as well as between AD and FTD patients in their tendency to re-live past events. Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that impairments in glutamatergic and cholinergic circuits significantly predicted the likelihood of participants manifesting altered time awareness symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into the neurophysiological correlates of altered time awareness in AD and FTD patients, highlighting the involvement of specific neurotransmitter circuits, particularly glutamatergic and cholinergic circuits. Further research is needed to explore the potential clinical implications and therapeutic targets arising from these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bracca
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Cantoni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Yasmine Gadola
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jasmine Rivolta
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maura Cosseddu
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Turrone
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Caratozzolo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Benussi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
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Moinnereau MA, Oliveira AA, Falk TH. Quantifying time perception during virtual reality gameplay using a multimodal biosensor-instrumented headset: a feasibility study. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2023; 4:1189179. [PMID: 38234469 PMCID: PMC10790866 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1189179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We have all experienced the sense of time slowing down when we are bored or speeding up when we are focused, engaged, or excited about a task. In virtual reality (VR), perception of time can be a key aspect related to flow, immersion, engagement, and ultimately, to overall quality of experience. While several studies have explored changes in time perception using questionnaires, limited studies have attempted to characterize them objectively. In this paper, we propose the use of a multimodal biosensor-embedded VR headset capable of measuring electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), electrocardiography (ECG), and head movement data while the user is immersed in a virtual environment. Eight gamers were recruited to play a commercial action game comprised of puzzle-solving tasks and first-person shooting and combat. After gameplay, ratings were given across multiple dimensions, including (1) the perception of time flowing differently than usual and (2) the gamers losing sense of time. Several features were extracted from the biosignals, ranked based on a two-step feature selection procedure, and then mapped to a predicted time perception rating using a Gaussian process regressor. Top features were found to come from the four signal modalities and the two regressors, one for each time perception scale, were shown to achieve results significantly better than chance. An in-depth analysis of the top features is presented with the hope that the insights can be used to inform the design of more engaging and immersive VR experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Moinnereau
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), University of Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alcyr A. Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Psychology and Health, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago H. Falk
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), University of Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Wehrman J, Sanders R, Wearden J. What came before: Assimilation effects in the categorization of time intervals. Cognition 2023; 234:105378. [PMID: 36706494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Assimilation is the process by which one judgment tends to approach some aspect of another stimulus or judgment. This effect has been known for over half a century in various domains such as the judgment of weight or sound intensity. However, the assimilation of judgments of durations have been relatively unexplored. In the current article, we present the results of five experiments in which participant s were required to judge the duration of a visual stimulus on each trial. In each experiment, we manipulated the pattern of durations they experienced in order to systematically separate the effects of the objective and subjective duration of stimuli on subsequent judgments. We found that duration judgments were primarily driven by prior judgments, with little, if any, effect of the prior objective stimulus duration. This is in contrast to the findings previously reported in regards to non-temporal judgments. We propose two mechanist explanations of this effect; a representational account in which judgments represent the speed of an underlying pacemaker, and an assimilation account in which judgment is based in prior experience. We further discuss results in terms of predictive coding, in which the previous rating is representative of a prior expectation, which is modified by current experience.
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Wehrman JJ, Wearden JH, Sowman PF. Filling your time: Auditory flutter alters perceived duration via stimulus-locked responses. Neurosci Lett 2023; 807:137251. [PMID: 37068654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
In the current article, we examined the flutter-duration illusion; the extension of perceived duration when an interval is filled with auditory flutter. Participants reproduced flutter-filled and empty durations while electrophysiological activity was recorded. As expected, participants over-produced durations when they were filled with auditory flutter rather than unfilled. Using multivariate pattern analysis, we found several differentiating patterns of neural activity while participants listened to either flutter-filled or empty intervals. However, in subsequent single trial analysis, only two of these clusters predicted perceived duration in the flutter condition; one occurring in line with the second click of the flutter, and one in line with the fourth click. We relate this finding to the N1P2 component and P3a component to timing initiation and arousal, respectively.
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Altınok S, Vatansever G, Apaydın N, Üstün S, Kale EH, Çelikağ İ, Devrimci-Özgüven H, Baskak B, Çiçek M. Reward Processing Alters the Time Perception Networks in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. TIMING & TIME PERCEPTION 2023. [DOI: 10.1163/22134468-bja10073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Behavioral studies revealed that time perception is affected by the presence of a reward. Both the experience of time and the reward processing were shown to be distorted in major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to investigate how neural correlates of time perception and reward anticipation interact in patients with MDD. Participants (17 healthy, seven MDD) performed a time perception task during fMRI scanning that requires estimating the speed of a moving rectangle which was briefly occluded. In the control condition, participants attended to the change in color tone of the rectangle. Half of the runs were rewarded with a monetary payment per correctly done trial to evaluate the effect of a reward. The fMRI data were acquired with a 3T scanner and analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPM12. The activations related to the integration of time with reward were different between both groups in the supplementary motor area, intraparietal sulcus, thalamus, frontal eye field and caudate nucleus. Increased coupling between supplementary motor area and caudate/putamen region during timing was found in MDD patients more than in controls. Overall, our findings suggest that functional differences related to the interaction of time perception with reward anticipation in MDD occur via dysfunction of the cortico-striatal-thalamic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Altınok
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
| | - Gözde Vatansever
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, 06560 Turkey
| | - Nihal Apaydın
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, 06560 Turkey
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
| | - Sertaç Üstün
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, 06560 Turkey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
| | - Emre H. Kale
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
| | - İpek Çelikağ
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
| | - Halise Devrimci-Özgüven
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06590 Turkey
| | - Bora Baskak
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, 06560 Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06590 Turkey
| | - Metehan Çiçek
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, 06340 Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, 06560 Turkey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06230 Turkey
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Hu Y, Liu T, Song S, Qin K, Chan W. The specific brain activity of dual task coordination: a theoretical conflict-control model based on a qualitative and quantitative review. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2022.2143788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianliang Liu
- Department of Psychology, The Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sensen Song
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiyang Qin
- Social, Health & Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wai Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Coelho P, Rodrigues JA, Nascimento Alves P, Fonseca AC. Time perception changes in stroke patients: A systematic literature review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:938367. [PMID: 35928126 PMCID: PMC9343772 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.938367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Time perception comprises the subjective experience of passing of time and of the duration of an event. Although already described in some neurological and psychiatric conditions, there is a paucity of details regarding this neurocognitive change in stroke patients. We aimed to describe time perception dysfunction in stroke patient. Methods We performed a systematic review of the literature in Pubmed, PsycInfo and EMBASE including manuscripts from their inception until December 2020. We collected data regarding the type of time perception that was detected, type of stroke, most common location of lesions, evaluation tests that were used and time of evaluation after stroke onset. Results A total of 27 manuscripts were selected, concerning a total of 418 patients (n = 253 male; 60.5%). Most manuscripts (n = 21) evaluated patients with ischaemic lesions (n = 407; 97.4%). The majority referred to evaluations between 2 months and seven years after stroke. Underestimation in temporal evaluation in sub- and supra-second was the most common dysfunction (n = 165; 41.7%). Overestimation of time (n = 116; 27.8%) and impaired time interval comparison (n = 88; 22.2%) were also found. Most patients had right hemisphere lesions (n = 219 patients; 52.4%). Common reported lesion locations included the thalamus, insula, basal ganglia, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex including supramarginal, angular gyrus and right inferior parietal cortex and cerebellum. Conclusion There are multiple stroke locations associated with time perception dysfunction, which highlights the complex system involved in time perception. There is still scarce knowledge about specific time perception deficits after stroke. Most studies rely in psychometric analysis without clear clinical and functional translation, namely regarding impact on daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Coelho
- Serviço de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurociências e Saúde Mental, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Pedro Coelho
| | - Joana Amado Rodrigues
- Clínica Universitária de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Nascimento Alves
- Serviço de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurociências e Saúde Mental, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório de Estudos de Linguagem, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Fonseca
- Serviço de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurociências e Saúde Mental, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Clínica Universitária de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Zheng Q, Cheng YY, Sonuga-Barke E, Shum KKM. Do Executive Dysfunction, Delay Aversion, and Time Perception Deficit Predict ADHD Symptoms and Early Academic Performance in Preschoolers. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:1381-1397. [PMID: 35689730 PMCID: PMC9187895 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are commonly observed to have learning difficulties. This study examined how three neuropsychological constructs—executive dysfunction, delay aversion, and time perception—were associated with ADHD symptoms and early academic performance in preschoolers at risk of ADHD. One hundred and thirty-one preschoolers (70 boys, 53%) aged 4 to 6 (M = 5.31 years) were assessed on their ADHD-related behaviors, neuropsychological functioning, word reading, and math abilities at two time points one year apart. Factor analysis indicated that inhibitory and attentional control deficit, delay aversion, and time perception/working memory deficit were three dissociable factors. Among the three factors, inhibitory and attentional control measured at Time 1 was the strongest predictor of ADHD symptoms at both Time 1 and Time 2. Time perception was closely related to working memory, and they predicted word reading and numeration across time most strongly among other neuropsychological constructs. Our findings suggested that inhibitory and attentional control, delay aversion, and time perception are dissociable neuropsychological deficits underlying ADHD symptoms in preschoolers. Poor time perception may serve as a marker for the early identification of preschoolers with potential learning problems, and a possible target of intervention for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Zheng
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Yan Cheng
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Explicit and implicit timing in older adults: Dissociable associations with age and cognitive decline. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264999. [PMID: 35294473 PMCID: PMC8926191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to test two common explanations for the general finding of age-related changes in the performance of timing tasks within the millisecond-to-second range intervals. The first explanation is that older adults have a real difficulty in temporal processing as compared to younger adults. The second explanation is that older adults perform poorly on timing tasks because of their reduced cognitive control functions. These explanations have been mostly contrasted in explicit timing tasks that overtly require participants to process interval durations. Fewer studies have instead focused on implicit timing tasks, where no explicit instructions to process time are provided. Moreover, the investigation of both explicit and implicit timing in older adults has been restricted so far to healthy older participants. Here, a large sample (N = 85) comprising not only healthy but also pathological older adults completed explicit (time bisection) and implicit (foreperiod) timing tasks within a single session. Participants’ age and cognitive decline, measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), were used as continuous variables to explain performance on explicit and implicit timing tasks. Results for the explicit timing task showed a flatter psychometric curve with increasing age or decreasing MMSE scores, pointing to a deficit at the level of cognitive control functions rather than of temporal processing. By contrast, for the implicit timing task, a decrease in the MMSE scores was associated with a reduced foreperiod effect, an index of implicit time processing. Overall, these findings extend previous studies on explicit and implicit timing in healthy aged samples by dissociating between age and cognitive decline (in the normal-to-pathological continuum) in older adults.
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12
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Reduced sensitivity to delayed time and delayed reward of the post-operative insular glioma patients in delay discounting. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102895. [PMID: 34864287 PMCID: PMC8648800 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The behavior study exhibited post-operative insular glioma patients performed a reduced sensitivity of delayed time and delayed reward in delay discounting task. The fMRI study in healthy subjects revealed the insula associated with delayed time, delayed reward processing, which could contribute to the patients’ behavior. Combined with these two studies, our results provided evidences that the insula involved in delay discounting, and patients underwent insular glioma surgery could have an impaired delay discounting performance.
Previous studies have shown that the insula is closely related to addiction, and the structure’s role in delay discounting can be measured by a specific task, but the specific role of the insula has been less studied. In this study, we first conducted a lesion study in which we recruited healthy controls (n = 30) and patients with unilateral insula injury (n = 16) to complete a behavioral delay discounting task. Then we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, and a separate group healthy volunteers (n = 51) completed a delay discounting task during the fMRI scan. The lesion study showed a significant difference between the two groups in the delay discounting task, which revealed that insula injury was associated with impaired decision making. The fMRI study revealed choice-sensitive insula activation that was modulated by delayed time and delayed reward, indicating an important role of the insula in delay discounting. Overall, our results provide evidence for a role of the insular lobe in delay discounting and suggests that this structure may be considered an important factor in the future treatment and diagnosis of addiction disorders.
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Khanbabaei S, Abdollahi MH, Shahgholian M. The predictive role of working memory and impulsivity in internet addiction, an investigation about the mediating role of time perception. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Üstün S, Ayyıldız N, Kale EH, Mançe Çalışır Ö, Uran P, Öner Ö, Olkun S, Çiçek M. Children With Dyscalculia Show Hippocampal Hyperactivity During Symbolic Number Perception. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:687476. [PMID: 34354576 PMCID: PMC8330842 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.687476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyscalculia is a learning disability affecting the acquisition of arithmetical skills in children with normal intelligence and age-appropriate education. Two hypotheses attempt to explain the main cause of dyscalculia. The first hypothesis suggests that a problem with the core mechanisms of perceiving (non-symbolic) quantities is the cause of dyscalculia (core deficit hypothesis), while the alternative hypothesis suggests that dyscalculics have problems only with the processing of numerical symbols (access deficit hypothesis). In the present study, the symbolic and non-symbolic numerosity processing of typically developing children and children with dyscalculia were examined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Control (n = 15, mean age: 11.26) and dyscalculia (n = 12, mean age: 11.25) groups were determined using a wide-scale screening process. Participants performed a quantity comparison paradigm in the fMRI with two number conditions (dot and symbol comparison) and two difficulty levels (0.5 and 0.7 ratio). The results showed that the bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and left fusiform gyrus (so-called “number form area”) were activated for number perception as well as bilateral occipital and supplementary motor areas. The task difficulty engaged bilateral insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, IPS, and DLPFC activation. The dyscalculia group showed more activation in the left orbitofrontal cortex, left medial prefrontal cortex, and right anterior cingulate cortex than the control group. The dyscalculia group showed left hippocampus activation specifically for the symbolic condition. Increased left hippocampal and left-lateralized frontal network activation suggest increased executive and memory-based compensation mechanisms during symbolic processing for dyscalculics. Overall, our findings support the access deficit hypothesis as a neural basis for dyscalculia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sertaç Üstün
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazife Ayyıldız
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre H Kale
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Öykü Mançe Çalışır
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Program of Counseling and Guidance, Department of Educational Sciences, Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Uran
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özgür Öner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bahçeşehir University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinan Olkun
- Department of Mathematics Education, Final International University, Kyrenia, Cyprus
| | - Metehan Çiçek
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Mioni G, Román-Caballero R, Clerici J, Capizzi M. Prospective and retrospective timing in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav Brain Res 2021; 410:113354. [PMID: 33989726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Performance on timing tasks changes with age. Whether these changes reflect a real "clock" problem due to aging or a secondary effect of the reduced cognitive resources of older adults is still an unsettled question. Research on processing of time in aged populations marked by severe mnemonic and/or attentional deficits, such as patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), may help elucidate the role of cognitive resources in age-related temporal distortions. To this end, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of timing studies in AD and MCI patients; both prospective and retrospective timing tasks were considered and analysed separately. As concerns prospective timing, a first random-effect model showed a medium overall effect of neurodegeneration on timing performance. When considering the role of moderator variables(i.e., neurodegenerative condition, type of measure, participants' age and years of education, interval length, and type of timing task), mean score appeared to be a less sensitive measure than accuracy and variability, and the observed temporal impairment was smaller in older samples. In addition, AD patients only exhibited medium-to-high impairment on prospective timing tasks, whereas MCI patients did not significantly differ from controls. However, assuming a mean age of 70 years old and absolute error as dependent variable, a second fitted meta-regression model predicted a significant outcome also for MCI patients. Concerning retrospective timing, a significant but small effect of neurodegeneration was observed for retrospective judgments. None of the moderators, however, explained between-studies variability. Collectively, our findings highlight a clear deficit in prospective timing for AD patients and underscore several issues that future work should carefully consider to better investigate the effect of MCI on prospective temporal judgements. Results from retrospective timing also point to a possible impairment of retrospective judgments in neurodegenerative conditions, albeit more studies are needed to substantiate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Rafael Román-Caballero
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Jacopo Clerici
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Capizzi
- Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPSYLON EA 4556, F34000, Montpellier, France
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16
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Blom JD, Nanuashvili N, Waters F. Time Distortions: A Systematic Review of Cases Characteristic of Alice in Wonderland Syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:668633. [PMID: 34025485 PMCID: PMC8138562 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.668633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the perceptual distortions characteristic of Alice in Wonderland syndrome, substantial alterations in the immediate experience of time are probably the least known and the most fascinating. We reviewed original case reports to examine the phenomenology and associated pathology of these time distortions in this syndrome. A systematic search in PubMed, Ovid Medline, and the historical literature yielded 59 publications that described 168 people experiencing time distortions, including 84 detailed individual case reports. We distinguished five different types of time distortion. The most common category comprises slow-motion and quick-motion phenomena. In 39% of all cases, time distortions were unimodal in nature, while in 61% there was additional involvement of the visual (49%), kinaesthetic (18%), and auditory modalities (14%). In all, 40% of all time distortions described were bimodal in nature and 19% trimodal, with 1% involving four modalities. Underlying neurological mechanisms are varied and may be triggered by intoxications, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, CNS lesions, paroxysmal neurological disorders, and psychiatric disorders. Bizarre sensations of time alteration-such as time going backwards or moving in circles-were mostly associated with psychosis. Pathophysiologically, mainly occipital areas appear to be involved, although the temporal network is widely disseminated, with separate component timing mechanisms not always functioning synchronously, thus occasionally creating temporal mismatches within and across sensory modalities (desynchronization). Based on our findings, we propose a classification of time distortions and formulate implications for research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dirk Blom
- Outpatient Clinic for Uncommon Psychiatric Syndromes, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands.,Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nutsa Nanuashvili
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Flavie Waters
- Clinical Research Centre, Graylands Hospital, North Metro Health Service Mental Health, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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17
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Garcés MS, Alústiza I, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Goena J, Molero P, Radua J, Ortuño F. An fMRI Study Using a Combined Task of Interval Discrimination and Oddball Could Reveal Common Brain Circuits of Cognitive Change. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:786113. [PMID: 34987432 PMCID: PMC8721204 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.786113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent functional neuroimaging studies suggest that the brain networks responsible for time processing are involved during other cognitive processes, leading to a hypothesis that time-related processing is needed to perform a range of tasks across various cognitive functions. To examine this hypothesis, we analyze whether, in healthy subjects, the brain structures activated or deactivated during performance of timing and oddball-detection type tasks coincide. To this end, we conducted two independent signed differential mapping (SDM) meta-analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies assessing the cerebral generators of the responses elicited by tasks based on timing and oddball-detection paradigms. Finally, we undertook a multimodal meta-analysis to detect brain regions common to the findings of the two previous meta-analyses. We found that healthy subjects showed significant activation in cortical areas related to timing and salience networks. The patterns of activation and deactivation corresponding to each task type partially coincided. We hypothesize that there exists a time and change-detection network that serves as a common underlying resource used in a broad range of cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sol Garcés
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Colegio de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Irene Alústiza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anton Albajes-Eizagirre
- Imaging of Mood and Anxiety Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM ES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Goena
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Imaging of Mood and Anxiety Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM ES, Barcelona, Spain.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet SE, Solna, Sweden
| | - Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
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18
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Kawahara H, Yotsumoto Y. Multiple Irrelevant Duration Information Affects the Perception of Relevant Duration Information: Interference With Selective Processing of Duration. Iperception 2020; 11:2041669520973223. [PMID: 33294152 PMCID: PMC7705792 DOI: 10.1177/2041669520973223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human visual environment, the ability to perceive only relevant duration is important for various activities. However, a relatively small number of studies have investigated how humans process multiple durations, in comparison with the processing of one or two durations. We investigated the effects of multiple irrelevant durations on the perception of relevant duration. In four behavioral experiments, the participants were instructed to pay attention to a target stimulus while ignoring the distractors; then, they reproduced the target duration. We manipulated three aspects of the distractors: number, duration range, and cortical distance to the target. The results showed that the presence of multiple irrelevant durations interfered with the processing of relevant duration in terms of the mean perceived duration and the variability of the perceived duration. The interference was directional; that is, longer (shorter) irrelevant durations made the reproduced durations longer (shorter). Moreover, the interference was not likely to depend on the cortical distance between the target and the distractors, suggesting an involvement of relatively higher cortical areas. These results demonstrate that multiple irrelevant duration information affects the temporal processing of relevant duration information and suggest that multiple independent clocks assigned to each of the durations may not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Kawahara
- Department of Integrated Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Yotsumoto
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Holzinger B, Mayer L. Lucid Dreaming Brain Network Based on Tholey's 7 Klartraum Criteria. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1885. [PMID: 32849106 PMCID: PMC7403396 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lucid dreaming refers to a dream state characterized by the dreamers’ awareness of being in a dream and being able to volitionally control its content. The aim of this study was to describe and model neurophysiological evidence for the seven awareness criteria of lucid dreaming based on those proposed by Paul Tholey. Each of the awareness criteria was analyzed separately with regard to its underlying neurocircuits. We hypothesized that not one, but several regions are involved in the state of lucid dreaming. Our results have shown a satisfactory overlap of the awareness criteria and the brain regions activated. During lucid dreaming, a brain network seems to emerge, that is something other than the sum of its parts. Further research is needed to understand the psychoneurological underpinnings of lucid dreams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Holzinger
- Institute for Consciousness and Dream Research, Vienna, Austria.,Certificate Program Sleep Coaching, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucille Mayer
- Institute for Consciousness and Dream Research, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Teghil A, Di Vita A, Pietranelli V, Matano A, Boccia M. Duration reproduction in regular and irregular contexts after unilateral brain damage: Evidence from voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping and atlas-based hodological analysis. Neuropsychologia 2020; 147:107577. [PMID: 32758553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that not completely overlapping brain networks support interval timing depending on whether or not an external, predictable temporal cue is provided during the task, aiding time estimation. Here we tested this hypothesis in a neuropsychological study, using both a topological approach - through voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM), that assesses the relation between continuous behavioral scores and lesion information on a voxel-by-voxel basis - and a hodological approach, using an atlas-based tractography. A group of patients with unilateral focal brain lesions and their matched controls performed a duration reproduction task assessing time processing in two conditions, namely with regularly spaced stimuli during encoding and reproduction (Regular condition), and with irregularly spaced stimuli during the same task (Irregular condition). VLSM analyses showed that scores in the two conditions were associated with lesions involving partly separable clusters of voxels, with lower performance only in the Irregular condition being related to lesions involving the right insular cortex. Performance in both conditions correlated with the probability of disconnection of the right frontal superior longitudinal tract, and of the superior and middle branches of the right superior longitudinal fasciculus. These findings suggest that the dissociation between timing in regular and irregular contexts is not complete, since performance in both conditions relies on the integrity of a common suprasecond timing network. Furthermore, they are consistent with the hypothesis that tracking time without the aid of external cues selectively relies on the integration of psychophysiological changes in the right insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Teghil
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Maddalena Boccia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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21
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Jablonska K, Piotrowska M, Bednarek H, Szymaszek A, Marchewka A, Wypych M, Szelag E. Maintenance vs. Manipulation in Auditory Verbal Working Memory in the Elderly: New Insights Based on Temporal Dynamics of Information Processing in the Millisecond Time Range. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:194. [PMID: 32848698 PMCID: PMC7396649 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is a limited-capacity cognitive system that allows the storage and use of a limited amount of information for a short period of time. Two WM processes can be distinguished: maintenance (i.e., storing, monitoring, and matching information) and manipulation (i.e., reordering and updating information). A number of studies have reported an age-related decline in WM, but the mechanisms underlying this deterioration need to be investigated. Previous research, including studies conducted in our laboratory, revealed that age-related cognitive deficits are related to decreased millisecond timing, i.e., the ability to perceive and organize incoming events in time. The aim of the current study was: (1) to identify in the elderly the brain network involved in the maintenance and manipulation WM processes; and (2) to use an fMRI task to investigate the relation between the brain activity associated with these two processes and the efficiency of temporal information processing (TIP) on a millisecond level reflected by psychophysical indices. Subjects were 41 normal healthy elderly people aged from 62 to 78 years. They performed: (1) an auditory verbal n-back task for assessing WM efficiency in an MRI scanner; and (2) a psychophysical auditory temporal-order judgment (TOJ) task for assessing temporal resolution in the millisecond domain outside the scanner. The n-back task comprised three conditions (0-, 1-, and 2-back), which allowed maintenance (1- vs. 0-back comparisons) and manipulation (2- vs. 1-back comparisons) processes to be distinguished. Results revealed the involvement of a similar brain network in the elderly to that found in previous studies. However, during maintenance processes, we found relatively limited and focused activations, which were significantly extended during manipulation. A novel result of our study, never reported before, is an indication of significant moderate correlations between the efficiency of WM and TIP. These correlations were found only for manipulation but not for maintenance. Our results confirmed the hypothesis that manipulation in the elderly is a dynamic process requiring skilled millisecond timing with high temporal resolution. We conclude that millisecond timing contributes to WM manipulation in the elderly, but not to maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jablonska
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Piotrowska
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Bednarek
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Szymaszek
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Szelag
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Nazari MA, Sabaghypour S, Pezhmanfard M, Azizi K, Vahedi S. The influence of children's mathematical competence on performance in mental number line, time knowledge and time perception. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 85:2023-2035. [PMID: 32623512 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests that space, time and number are represented within a common system. Other studies have shown this relationship is related to the mathematical competency. Here we examined the influence of the mathematical capacities of 8-12 years old children, grouped into high (n = 63) and low (n = 58) on performance in mental number line, time knowledge and time perception. The results revealed that mathematical competency influences mental number line and time knowledge, but with regard to time perception the effects were only observed in time production task. In addition, the results of correlation analysis revealed interaction between time knowledge, time production (but not reproduction) and mental number line. Finally, the findings are discussed within the framework of the recent theories regarding representation of space, time and number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Nazari
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Exp. way, Tehran, Iran. .,Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Saied Sabaghypour
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Pezhmanfard
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kiana Azizi
- Department of Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Vahedi
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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23
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Nani A, Manuello J, Liloia D, Duca S, Costa T, Cauda F. The Neural Correlates of Time: A Meta-analysis of Neuroimaging Studies. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:1796-1826. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, our inner sense of time has been repeatedly studied with the help of neuroimaging techniques. These investigations have suggested the specific involvement of different brain areas in temporal processing. At least two distinct neural systems are likely to play a role in measuring time: One is mainly constituted of subcortical structures and is supposed to be more related to the estimation of time intervals below the 1-sec range (subsecond timing tasks), and the other is mainly constituted of cortical areas and is supposed to be more related to the estimation of time intervals above the 1-sec range (suprasecond timing tasks). Tasks can then be performed in motor or nonmotor (perceptual) conditions, thus providing four different categories of time processing. Our meta-analytical investigation partly confirms the findings of previous meta-analytical works. Both sub- and suprasecond tasks recruit cortical and subcortical areas, but subcortical areas are more intensely activated in subsecond tasks than in suprasecond tasks, which instead receive more contributions from cortical activations. All the conditions, however, show strong activations in the SMA, whose rostral and caudal parts have an important role not only in the discrimination of different time intervals but also in relation to the nature of the task conditions. This area, along with the striatum (especially the putamen) and the claustrum, is supposed to be an essential node in the different networks engaged when the brain creates our sense of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nani
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin
| | - Jordi Manuello
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin
| | - Donato Liloia
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin
| | - Sergio Duca
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin
| | - Tommaso Costa
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin
| | - Franco Cauda
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin
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24
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Sun Z, Wang Z, Xu L, Lv X, Li Q, Wang H, Yu X. Characteristics of Cognitive Deficit in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment With Subthreshold Depression. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2019; 32:344-353. [PMID: 31480987 DOI: 10.1177/0891988719865943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that depression may precipitate the incidence of dementia in the elderly individuals and individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) in particular. However, the association between subthreshold depression (SD) and cognitive deficits in patients with aMCI remains unclear. To address this, we collected demographic information and conducted a battery of neuropsychological cognitive assessments in 33 aMCI participants with SD (aMCI/SD+), 33 nondepressed aMCI participants (aMCI/SD-), and 53 normal controls (NC). Both aMCI groups showed significantly poorer performance in most cognitive domains relative to the NC group (ie, memory, language, processing speed, and executive function). Notably, the aMCI/SD+ group showed significantly poorer attention/working memory compared with the aMCI/SD- group. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed a significant negative association between the severity of depressive symptoms and attention/working memory capacity (β = - .024, P = .024), accounting for 8.28% of the variations in this cognitive domain. All statistical analyses were adjusted by age, sex, and years of education. A logistic regression model had an accuracy of 72.4% in discriminating between the aMCI/SD+ and aMCI/SD- groups based on individual cognitive profiles over 6 domains. Our findings indicate that patients with aMCI with and without SD have distinct patterns of cognitive impairment. This finding may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of SD in patients with aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Sun
- 1 School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,2 Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,3 National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,4 Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijiang Wang
- 2 Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,3 National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,4 Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China.,5 Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences, NMMI, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lujie Xu
- 1 School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,2 Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,3 National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,4 Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lv
- 2 Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,3 National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,4 Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
| | - Quanzheng Li
- 5 Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences, NMMI, Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huali Wang
- 2 Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,3 National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,4 Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- 1 School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,2 Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,3 National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,4 Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory for Translational Research on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Beijing, China
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25
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Mioni G, Meligrana L, Perini F, Marcon M, Stablum F. Lack of Temporal Impairment in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:42. [PMID: 31572135 PMCID: PMC6751304 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigate possible temporal impairment in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the amount of temporal distortions caused by the presentation of emotional facial expressions (anger, shame, and neutral) in MCI patients and controls. Twelve older adults with MCI and 14 healthy older adults were enrolled in the present study. All participants underwent a complete neuropsychological evaluation. We used three timing tasks to tap temporal abilities, namely time bisection (standard intervals lasting 400 and 1600 ms), finger-tapping (free and 1 s), and simple reaction-time tasks. The stimuli used in the time bisection task were facial emotional stimuli expressing anger or shame to investigate a possible contribution of emotional information as previously observed in healthy adults. MCI patients showed temporal abilities comparable to controls. We observed an effect of facial emotional stimuli on time perception when data were analyzed in terms of proportion of long responses, and this result was mainly driven by the temporal overestimation when a facial expression of anger was presented in controls. Results seem to suggest that the severity of the cognitive dysfunction accounts more for subjective temporal impairment than a compromised internal clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mioni
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Meligrana
- U.O. Neurologia e Geriatria Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Perini
- U.O. Neurologia e Geriatria Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Michela Marcon
- U.O. Neurologia e Geriatria Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Franca Stablum
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
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Kale EH, Üstün S, Çiçek M. Amygdala-prefrontal cortex connectivity increased during face discrimination but not time perception. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3873-3888. [PMID: 31376287 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Time sensitivity is affected by emotional stimuli such as fearful faces. The effect of threatening stimuli on time perception depends on numerous factors, including task type and duration range. We applied a two-interval forced-choice task using face stimuli to healthy volunteers to evaluate time perception and emotion interaction using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We conducted finite impulse response analysis to examine time series for the significantly activated brain areas and psycho-physical interaction to investigate the connectivity between selected regions. Time perception engaged a right-lateralised frontoparietal network, while a face discrimination task activated the amygdala and fusiform face area (FFA). No voxels were active with regard to the effect of expression (fearful versus neutral). In parallel with this, our behavioural results showed that attending to the fearful faces did not cause duration overestimation. Finally, connectivity of the amygdala and FFA to the middle frontal gyrus increased during the face processing condition compared to the timing task. Overall, our results suggest that the prefrontal-amygdala connectivity might be required for the emotional processing of facial stimuli. On the other hand, attentional load, task type and task difficulty are discussed as possible factors that influence the effects of emotion on time perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre H Kale
- Brain Research Centre, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sertaç Üstün
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metehan Çiçek
- Brain Research Centre, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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27
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Suzuki M, Suzuki T, Wang YJ, Hamaguchi T. Changes in Magnitude and Variability of Corticospinal Excitability During Rewarded Time-Sensitive Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:147. [PMID: 31312127 PMCID: PMC6614518 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reward expectation and time estimation are important for behavior and affect corticospinal excitability. This study investigated changes in corticospinal excitability during rewarded time-sensitive behavioral tasks. The rewarded time-sensitive task comprised three fixed-ratio (FR) schedules: FRA contained a reward stimulus after every response, FRB after every two responses, and FRC after every four responses. The participants were instructed to press a left button with the index finger as quickly as possible in response to the appearance of a red circle. Just after the left button press, the word “10-yen” (approximately $0.1) or “no pay” was presented as feedback. Then, the participant had to mentally estimate/wait for 2.5 s from pressing the left button to pressing the right button. One second after the reward stimulus, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was delivered to the primary motor cortex at the hotspot of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. Each participant received items corresponding to the total monetary reward accumulated at the end of the experiment. The variability of motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes transformed from a random process during the resting state into an autoregressive process during the rewarded time-sensitive behavioral task. Additionally, the random variation of MEP amplitudes in the FRC, FRB, and FRA schedules increased in a stepwise fashion. However, the magnitude of MEP amplitudes significantly increased for the FRB and FRC schedules compared to the FRA schedule. The time estimation lag was negative for the three FR schedules but there was no difference among the three FR schedules. The magnitude of corticospinal excitability increased in low reward probability, whereas the variability of corticospinal excitability transformed into an autoregressive process in high reward probability. These results imply that the magnitude and variability of expectation-related corticospinal excitabilities can be differentially altered by reward probability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Suzuki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takako Suzuki
- School of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yin-Jung Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hamaguchi
- School of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
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28
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Snowden AW, Buhusi CV. Neural Correlates of Interval Timing Deficits in Schizophrenia. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:9. [PMID: 30760991 PMCID: PMC6362255 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that schizophrenia (SZ) patients exhibit impairments in interval timing. The cause of timing impairments in SZ remains unknown but may be explained by a dysfunction in the fronto-striatal circuits. Although the current literature includes extensive behavioral data on timing impairments, there is limited focus on the neural correlates of timing in SZ. The neuroimaging literature included in the current review reports hypoactivation in the dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), supplementary motor area (SMA) and the basal ganglia (BG). Timing deficits and deficits in attention and working memory (WM) in SZ are likely due to a dysfunction of dopamine (DA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission in the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuits, which are highly implicated in executive functioning and motor preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel W Snowden
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Catalin V Buhusi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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29
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Farias TL, Marinho V, Carvalho V, Rocha K, da Silva PRA, Silva F, Teles AS, Gupta D, Ribeiro P, Velasques B, Cagy M, Bastos VH, Silva-Junior F, Teixeira S. Methylphenidate modifies activity in the prefrontal and parietal cortex accelerating the time judgment. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:829-837. [PMID: 30693423 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate produces its effects via actions on cortical areas involved with attention and working memory, which have a direct role in time estimation judgment tasks. In particular, the prefrontal and parietal cortex has been the target of several studies to understand the effect of methylphenidate on executive functions and time interval perception. However, it has not yet been studied whether acute administration of methylphenidate influences performance in time estimation task and the changes in alpha band absolute power in the prefrontal and parietal cortex. The current study investigates the influence of the acute use of methylphenidate in both performance and judgment in the time estimation interpretation through the alpha band absolute power activity in the prefrontal and parietal cortex. This is a double-blind, crossover study with a sample of 32 subjects under control (placebo) and experimental (methylphenidate) conditions with absolute alpha band power analysis during a time estimation task. We observed that methylphenidate does not influence task performance (p > 0.05), but it increases the time interval underestimation by over 7 s (p < 0.001) with a concomitant decrease in absolute alpha band power in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex (p < 0.001). Acute use of methylphenidate increases the time interval underestimation, consistent with reduced accuracy of the internal clock mechanisms. Furthermore, acute use of methylphenidate influences the absolute alpha band power over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and parietal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Lopes Farias
- Neuro-innovation Technology and Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro São Benedito, Parnaíba, Piauí, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil.
| | - Victor Marinho
- Neuro-innovation Technology and Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro São Benedito, Parnaíba, Piauí, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil. .,The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
| | - Valécia Carvalho
- Neuro-innovation Technology and Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro São Benedito, Parnaíba, Piauí, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Kaline Rocha
- Neuro-innovation Technology and Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro São Benedito, Parnaíba, Piauí, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ramiler Alves da Silva
- Neuro-innovation Technology and Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro São Benedito, Parnaíba, Piauí, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil.,Masters Programs in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Francisca Silva
- Neuro-innovation Technology and Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro São Benedito, Parnaíba, Piauí, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Ariel Soares Teles
- Neuro-innovation Technology and Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro São Benedito, Parnaíba, Piauí, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Daya Gupta
- Department of Biology, Camden County College, Blackwood, NJ, USA
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Silva-Junior
- Neuro-innovation Technology and Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro São Benedito, Parnaíba, Piauí, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Neuro-innovation Technology and Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro São Benedito, Parnaíba, Piauí, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.,Masters Programs in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
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30
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Abstract
Prominent models of time perception assume a reset of the timing mechanism with an explicit onset of the interval to be timed. Here we investigated the accuracy and precision of temporal estimations when the duration does not have such an explicit onset. Participants were tracking a disc moving on a circular path with varying speeds, and estimated the duration of one full revolution before the stimulus stopped. The onset of that revolution was either cued (explicit), or undetermined until the stimulus stopped (implicit). Reproduced duration was overestimated for short and underestimated for long durations, and variability of the estimates scaled with the duration in both temporal conditions. However, the bias was more pronounced in the implicit condition. In addition, if the stimulus path was partially occluded, duration of the occluded motion was correctly estimated. In a second experiment, we compared the precision in the explicit and implicit conditions by asking participants to discriminate the duration of one revolution before the stimulus stopped to that of a static stimulus presentation in a forced-choice task. Sensitivity of discrimination was worse in the implicit onset condition, but surprisingly, still comparable to the explicit condition. In summary, the estimates follow principles described in prospective timing paradigms, although not knowing beforehand when to start timing decreases sensitivity of temporal estimations. Since in naturalistic contexts, we often do not know in advance which durations might be relevant to estimate, the simple task presented here could become a valuable tool for testing models of temporal estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Jovanovic
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, Département d'études cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Mamassian
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, Département d'études cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France
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31
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Gupta DS, Teixeira S. The Time-Budget Perspective of the Role of Time Dimension in Modular Network Dynamics during Functions of the Brain. Primates 2018. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.70588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Apaydın N, Üstün S, Kale EH, Çelikağ İ, Özgüven HD, Baskak B, Çiçek M. Neural Mechanisms Underlying Time Perception and Reward Anticipation. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:115. [PMID: 29662447 PMCID: PMC5890198 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings suggest that the physiological mechanisms involved in the reward anticipation and time perception partially overlap. But the systematic investigation of a potential interaction between time and reward systems using neuroimaging is lacking. Eighteen healthy volunteers (all right-handed) participated in an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment that employs a visual paradigm that consists monetary reward to assess whether the functional neural representations of time perception and reward prospection are shared or distinct. Subjects performed a time perception task in which observers had to extrapolate the velocity of an occluded moving object in “reward” vs. “no-reward” sessions during fMRI scanning. There were also “control condition” trials in which participants judged about the color tone change of the stimuli. Time perception showed a fronto-parietal (more extensive in the right) cingulate and peristriate cortical as well as cerebellar activity. On the other hand, reward anticipation activated anterior insular cortex, nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, thalamus, cerebellum, postcentral gyrus, and peristriate cortex. Interaction between the time perception and the reward prospect showed dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, medial prefrontal and caudate nucleus activity. Our findings suggest that a prefrontal-striatal circuit might integrate reward and timing systems of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Apaydın
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sertaç Üstün
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre H Kale
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İpek Çelikağ
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halise D Özgüven
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bora Baskak
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metehan Çiçek
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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33
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Ribeiro JA, Marinho FVC, Rocha K, Magalhães F, Baptista AF, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Cagy M, Bastos VH, Gupta D, Teixeira S. Low-frequency rTMS in the superior parietal cortex affects the working memory in horizontal axis during the spatial task performance. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:527-532. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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34
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Vicario CM, Felmingham K. The Perception of Time Is Underestimated in Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:121. [PMID: 29686631 PMCID: PMC5900033 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has revealed reduced temporal discounting (i.e., increased capacity to delay reward) and altered interoceptive awareness in anorexia nervosa (AN). In line with the research linking temporal underestimation with a reduced tendency to devalue a reward and reduced interoceptive awareness, we tested the hypothesis that time duration might be underestimated in AN. Our findings revealed that patients with AN displayed lower timing accuracy in the form of timing underestimation compared with controls. These results were not predicted by clinical, demographic factors, attention, and working memory performance of the participants. The evidence of a temporal underestimation bias in AN might be clinically relevant to explain their abnormal motivation in pursuing a long-term restrictive diet, in line with the evidence that increasing the subjective temporal proximity of remote future goals can boost motivation and the actual behavior to reach them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo M Vicario
- School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e degli Studi Culturali, Messina, Italy.,Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kim Felmingham
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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35
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Intelligibility of degraded speech and the relationship between symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity and language impairment in children with suspected auditory processing disorder. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 101:178-185. [PMID: 28964292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the sensitivity and specificity of Auditory Figure Ground sub-tests of the SCAN-3 battery, using signal to noise ratio (SNR) of +8 dB (AFG+8) and 0 dB (AFG0), in identifying auditory processing disorder (APD). A secondary objective was to evaluate any difference in auditory processing (AP) between children with symptoms of inattention versus combined sub-types of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). METHODS Data from 201 children, aged 6 to 16 years (mean: 10 years 6 months, SD: 2 years 8 months), who were assessed for suspected APD were reviewed retrospectively. The outcomes of the SCAN-3 APD test battery, Swanson Nolan and Pelham-IV parental rating (SNAP-IV) and Children's Communication Checklist-2 (CCC-2) were analysed. RESULTS AFG0 had a sensitivity of 56.3% and specificity of 100% in identifying children performing poorly in at least two of six SCAN-3 sub-tests or one of the two questionnaires, in contrast to 42.1% and 80% respectively for AFG+8. Impaired AP was mostly associated with symptoms of ADHD and /or language impairment (LI). LI was present in 92.9% of children with ADHD symptoms. Children with symptoms of combined ADHD plus LI performed significantly poorly (p < 0.05) compared to inattention ADHD plus LI in Filtered Words (FW) sub-test, but not in the rest of the SCAN-3 sub-tests. CONCLUSION Speech in noise tests using SNR of 0 dB is better than +8 dB in assessing APD. The better FW performance of the inattention ADHD plus LI group can be speculated to be related to known difference in activity in a neural network between different sub-types of ADHD. The findings of the study and existing literature suggest that neural networks connecting the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia and cerebellum are involved in APD, ADHD and LI.
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36
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Méndez JC, Rocchi L, Jahanshahi M, Rothwell J, Merchant H. Probing the timing network: A continuous theta burst stimulation study of temporal categorization. Neuroscience 2017; 356:167-175. [PMID: 28528965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Time perception in the millisecond and second ranges is thought to be processed by different neural mechanisms. However, whether there is a sharp boundary between these ranges and whether they are implemented in the same, overlapped or separate brain areas is still not certain. To probe the role of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the right supplementary motor area (SMA), and the cerebellum on time perception, we temporarily altered their activity on healthy volunteers on separate sessions using transcranial magnetic stimulation with the continuous Theta Burst Stimulation (cTBS) protocol. A control session was reserved for the stimulation of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Before and after stimulation, participants were tested on a temporal categorization task using intervals in the hundreds and thousands of milliseconds ranges, as well as on a pitch categorization task which was used as a further control. We then looked for changes in the Relative Threshold and the Constant Error, which, respectively, reflect participants' sensitivity to interval duration and their accuracy at setting an interval that acts as a boundary between categories. We found that after cTBS in all of the studied regions, the Relative Threshold, but not the Constant Error, was affected and only when hundreds of milliseconds intervals were being categorized. Categorization of thousands of milliseconds intervals and of pitch was not affected. These results suggest that the fronto-cerebellar circuit is particularly involved in the estimation of intervals in the hundreds of milliseconds range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Méndez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Marjan Jahanshahi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Rothwell
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Merchant
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico.
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