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Zaremba D, Michałowski JM, Klöckner CA, Marchewka A, Wierzba M. Development and validation of the Emotional Climate Change Stories (ECCS) stimuli set. Behav Res Methods 2024:10.3758/s13428-024-02408-1. [PMID: 38637442 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is widely recognised as an urgent issue, and the number of people concerned about it is increasing. While emotions are among the strongest predictors of behaviour change in the face of climate change, researchers have only recently begun to investigate this topic experimentally. This may be due to the lack of standardised, validated stimuli that would make studying such a topic in experimental settings possible. Here, we introduce a novel Emotional Climate Change Stories (ECCS) stimuli set. ECCS consists of 180 realistic short stories about climate change, designed to evoke five distinct emotions-anger, anxiety, compassion, guilt and hope-in addition to neutral stories. The stories were created based on qualitative data collected in two independent studies: one conducted among individuals highly concerned about climate change, and another one conducted in the general population. The stories were rated on the scales of valence, arousal, anger, anxiety, compassion, guilt and hope in the course of three independent studies. First, we explored the underlying structure of ratings (Study 1; n = 601). Then we investigated the replicability (Study 2; n = 307) and cross-cultural validity (Study 3; n = 346) of ECCS. The collected ratings were highly consistent across the studies. Furthermore, we found that the level of climate change concern explained the intensity of elicited emotions. The ECCS dataset is available in Polish, Norwegian and English and can be employed for experimental research on climate communication, environmental attitudes, climate action-taking, or mental health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Zaremba
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Christian A Klöckner
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Wierzba
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Marczak M, Wierzba M, Kossowski B, Marchewka A, Morote R, Klöckner CA. Emotional responses to climate change in Norway and Ireland: a validation of the Inventory of Climate Emotions (ICE) in two European countries and an inspection of its nomological span. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1211272. [PMID: 38390416 PMCID: PMC10881694 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1211272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing research interest in emotional responses to climate change and their role in climate action and psycho-social impacts of climate change. At the same time, emotional experience of climate change is multidimensional and influenced by a variety of factors, including the local cultural context. Here, we contribute to the scientific debate about this topic with original quality-controlled data from the general populations in Norway (N = 491) and Ireland (N = 485). We investigate the cross-cultural validity and the nomological span of eight distinct emotional responses to climate change - climate anger, climate contempt, climate enthusiasm, climate powerlessness, climate guilt, climate isolation, climate anxiety, and climate sorrow - measured using the recently introduced Inventory of Climate Emotions. We first validate the 8-factor structure of the Norwegian and English language versions of the ICE. Subsequently, we demonstrate a high degree of cross-cultural measurement invariance for these eight climate emotions. Finally, we explore the relationships between these emotional responses and a range of theoretically relevant variables. In this final step, we show that climate emotions are differentially linked to climate change perceptions, support for mitigation policies, socio-demographic factors, feelings of loneliness and alienation, environmental activism, and the willingness to prioritize the natural environment over one's immediate self-interests. Some of these links are also differentiated by the cultural context. This research presents further evidence for the structural, cross-cultural, and concurrent validity of climate emotions as postulated in the ICE framework. Moreover, it provides tools in the form of validated Norwegian and English language versions of the ICE, the complete R code for the validation analysis, as well as an informed basis for cross-cultural research on emotional responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Marczak
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Małgorzata Wierzba
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roxanna Morote
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christian A Klöckner
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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3
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Olszewska AM, Gaca M, Droździel D, Widlarz A, Herman AM, Marchewka A. Understanding functional brain reorganization for naturalistic piano playing in novice pianists. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25312. [PMID: 38400578 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Learning to play the piano is a unique complex task, integrating multiple sensory modalities and higher order cognitive functions. Longitudinal neuroimaging studies on adult novice musicians show training-related functional changes in music perception tasks. The reorganization of brain activity while actually playing an instrument was studied only on a very short time frame of a single fMRI session, and longer interventions have not yet been performed. Thus, our aim was to investigate the dynamic complexity of functional brain reorganization while playing the piano within the first half year of musical training. We scanned 24 novice keyboard learners (female, 18-23 years old) using fMRI while they played increasingly complex musical pieces after 1, 6, 13, and 26 weeks of training. Playing music evoked responses bilaterally in the auditory, inferior frontal, and supplementary motor areas, and the left sensorimotor cortex. The effect of training over time, however, invoked widespread changes encompassing the right sensorimotor cortex, cerebellum, superior parietal cortex, anterior insula and hippocampus, among others. As the training progressed, the activation of these regions decreased while playing music. Post hoc analysis revealed region-specific time-courses for independent auditory and motor regions of interest. These results suggest that while the primary sensory, motor, and frontal regions are associated with playing music, the training decreases the involvement of higher order cognitive control and integrative regions, and basal ganglia. Moreover, training might affect distinct brain regions in different ways, providing evidence in favor of the dynamic nature of brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja M Olszewska
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Gaca
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Droździel
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Widlarz
- Department of Choir Conducting and Singing, Music Education and Rhythmics, The Chopin University of Music, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Herman
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Herman AM, Wypych M, Michałowski J, Marchewka A. Bodily confusion: Lower differentiation of emotional and physiological states in student alcohol users. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13364. [PMID: 38380800 PMCID: PMC10898845 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alexithymia, difficulty in recognising and naming emotions, is common among people who use alcohol. There is also emerging evidence that people with alexithymia are unable to distinguish emotions from non-emotional physiological states. The project aimed to test if alcohol use is related to the way student drinkers experience emotions and physiological states in the body. METHODS We employed a novel method to study bodily sensations related to emotions and physiological states in the context of alcohol use: the emBODY tool, which allowed participants to mark areas of the body in which they experience various emotions and physiological states. RESULTS Students who showed a hazardous pattern of alcohol use (alcohol use disorders identification test [AUDIT] score ≥ 7, N = 91), overall, presented higher alexithymia levels and coloured larger areas for emotions and physiological states (showed less specificity) than those who show low-risk alcohol consumption (AUDIT ≤ 4, N = 90). Moreover, statistical classifiers distinguished feeling-specific maps less accurately for hazardous drinkers than low-risk drinkers [F(1,1998) = 441.16; p < 0.001], confirming that higher alcohol use is related to higher confusion of emotional and non-emotional bodily feelings. CONCLUSIONS Plausibly, this increased bodily confusion drives alcohol consumption: alcohol may serve as a means of dealing with undifferentiated changes in psychophysiological arousal accompanying emotional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Herman
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Jarosław Michałowski
- Laboratory of Affective Neuroscience in Poznań, Faculty of Psychology and LawSWPS University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesPoznańPoland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
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5
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Herman AM, Olszewska A, Gaca M, Droździel D, Marchewka A. Interoception and the musical brain: Evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal behavioral and resting-state fMRI study. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14402. [PMID: 37602704 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Musical training has been linked to enhanced interoceptive abilities and increased resting-state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) within the interoceptive brain network. We aimed to replicate and extend these findings with a unique cross-sectional and longitudinal study design. Professional musicians and matched individuals with no prior musical experience (training group) were recruited. Participants underwent RS fMRI scans and completed heartbeat counting and discrimination tasks outside of the scanner (time point 1). The training group additionally had RS scans and interoception tests repeated after a 6-month-long keyboard course training (time point 2). We found no evidence for increased interoceptive abilities in professional musicians relative to non-musicians, nor did we observe any improvements in interoception over the course of musical training. RS FC analysis revealed increased FC within the sensorimotor network in professional musicians compared to the training group at the first time point with no change in FC over time in the Training group. These findings challenge the view that musical training may improve interoceptive abilities. Yet, the results suggest that musical training is related to increased communication within the sensorimotor RS network, which consists of some hubs important for interoceptive processing (namely pre- and postcentral gyri and supplementary motor area).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Herman
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Olszewska
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Gaca
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Droździel
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Kaźmierowska AM, Kostecki M, Szczepanik M, Nikolaev T, Hamed A, Michałowski JM, Wypych M, Marchewka A, Knapska E. Rats respond to aversive emotional arousal of human handlers with the activation of the basolateral and central amygdala. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302655120. [PMID: 37934822 PMCID: PMC10655214 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302655120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reading danger signals may save an animal's life, and learning about threats from others allows avoiding first-hand aversive and often fatal experiences. Fear expressed by other individuals, including those belonging to other species, may indicate the presence of a threat in the environment and is an important social cue. Humans and other animals respond to conspecifics' fear with increased activity of the amygdala, the brain structure crucial for detecting threats and mounting an appropriate response to them. It is unclear, however, whether the cross-species transmission of threat information involves similar mechanisms, e.g., whether animals respond to the aversively induced emotional arousal of humans with activation of fear-processing circuits in the brain. Here, we report that when rats interact with a human caregiver who had recently undergone fear conditioning, they show risk assessment behavior and enhanced amygdala activation. The amygdala response involves its two major parts, the basolateral and central, which detect a threat and orchestrate defensive responses. Further, we show that humans who learn about a threat by observing another aversively aroused human, similar to rats, activate the basolateral and centromedial parts of the amygdala. Our results demonstrate that rats detect the emotional arousal of recently aversively stimulated caregivers and suggest that cross-species social transmission of threat information may involve similar neural circuits in the amygdala as the within-species transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Kaźmierowska
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-093, Poland
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, BRAINCITY–Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-093, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kostecki
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, BRAINCITY–Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-093, Poland
| | - Michał Szczepanik
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-093, Poland
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, BRAINCITY–Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-093, Poland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior, Research Center Jülich, Jülich52428, Germany
| | - Tomasz Nikolaev
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, BRAINCITY–Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-093, Poland
| | - Adam Hamed
- Laboratory of Spatial Memory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-093, Poland
| | - Jarosław M. Michałowski
- Laboratory of Affective Neuroscience in Poznan, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznań61-719, Poland
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-093, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-093, Poland
| | - Ewelina Knapska
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, BRAINCITY–Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw02-093, Poland
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7
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Olszewska AM, Droździel D, Gaca M, Kulesza A, Obrębski W, Kowalewski J, Widlarz A, Marchewka A, Herman AM. Unlocking the musical brain: A proof-of-concept study on playing the piano in MRI scanner with naturalistic stimuli. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17877. [PMID: 37501960 PMCID: PMC10368778 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Music is a universal human phenomenon, and can be studied for itself or as a window into the understanding of the brain. Few neuroimaging studies investigate actual playing in the MRI scanner, likely because of the lack of available experimental hardware and analysis tools. Here, we offer an innovative paradigm that addresses this issue in neuromusicology using naturalistic, polyphonic musical stimuli, presents a commercially available MRI-compatible piano, and a flexible approach to quantify participant's performance. We show how making errors while playing can be investigated using an altered auditory feedback paradigm. In the spirit of open science, we make our experimental paradigms and analysis tools available to other researchers studying pianists in MRI. Altogether, we present a proof-of-concept study which shows the feasibility of playing the novel piano in MRI, and a step towards using more naturalistic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja M. Olszewska
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Droździel
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Gaca
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kulesza
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Obrębski
- Department of Nuclear and Medical Electronics, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 1 Politechniki Square, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
- 10 Murarska Street, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Widlarz
- Chair of Rhythmics and Piano Improvisation, Department of Choir Conducting and Singing, Music Education and Rhythmics, The Chopin University of Music, Okolnik 2 Street, 00–368 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M. Herman
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Kolada E, Bielski K, Wilk M, Rymarczyk K, Bogorodzki P, Kazulo P, Kossowski B, Wypych M, Marchewka A, Kaczmarek L, Knapska E, Szatkowska I. The human centromedial amygdala contributes to negative prediction error signaling during appetitive and aversive Pavlovian gustatory learning. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3176-3185. [PMID: 36963846 PMCID: PMC10146448 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0926-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediction error (PE) is the mismatch between a prior expectation and reality, and it lies at the core of associative learning about aversive and appetitive stimuli. Human studies on fear learning have linked the amygdala to aversive PEs. In contrast, the relationship between the amygdala and PE in appetitive settings and stimuli unlike those that induce fear has received less research attention. Animal studies show that the amygdala is a functionally heterogeneous structure. Nevertheless, the role of the amygdala's nuclei in PE signaling remains unknown in humans. To clarify the role of two subdivisions of the human amygdala, the centromedial (CMA) and basolateral (BLA), in appetitive and aversive PE signaling, we employed gustatory Pavlovian learning involving eating-related naturalistic outcomes. Thirty-eight right-handed individuals (19 females) participated in the study. We found that surprise with neutral feedback when a reward is expected triggers activity within the left and right CMA. When an aversive outcome is expected, surprise with neutral feedback triggers activity only within the left CMA. Notably, the BLA was not activated by those conditions. Thus, the CMA engages in negative PE signaling during appetitive and aversive gustatory Pavlovian learning, while the BLA is not critical for this process. In addition, PE-related activity within the left CMA during aversive learning is negatively correlated with neuroticism and positively correlated with extraversion. The findings indicate the importance of the CMA in gustatory learning when the value of outcomes changes and have implications for understanding psychological conditions that manifest perturbed processing of negative PEs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:A discrepancy between a prediction and an actual outcome (prediction error, PE) plays a crucial role in learning. Learning improves when an outcome is more significant than expected (positive PE) and worsens when it is smaller than expected (negative PE). We found that the negative PE during appetitive and aversive taste learning is associated with increased activity of the centromedial amygdala (CMA), which suggests that the CMA controls taste learning. Our findings may have implications for understanding psychological states associated with deficient learning from negative PEs, such as obesity and addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kolada
- Neurobiology of Emotions Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders (BRAINCITY), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielski
- Neurobiology of Emotions Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders (BRAINCITY), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wilk
- Neurobiology of Emotions Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders (BRAINCITY), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Rymarczyk
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biological Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bogorodzki
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kazulo
- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders (BRAINCITY), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Knapska
- Neurobiology of Emotions Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders (BRAINCITY), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Szatkowska
- Neurobiology of Emotions Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders (BRAINCITY), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Czarnecka M, Rączy K, Szewczyk J, Paplińska M, Jednoróg K, Marchewka A, Hesselmann G, Knops A, Szwed M. Overlapping but separate number representations in the intraparietal sulcus – probing format- and modality-independence in sighted Braille readers. Cortex 2023; 162:65-80. [PMID: 37003099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The Triple-Code Model stipulates that numerical information from different formats and modalities converges on a common magnitude representation in the Intraparietal Sulcus (IPS). To what extent the representations of all numerosity forms overlap remains unsolved. It has been postulated that the representation of symbolic numerosities (for example, Arabic digits) is sparser and grounded in an existing representation that codes for non-symbolic numerosity information (i.e., sets of objects). Other theories argue that numerical symbols represent a separate number category that emerges only during education. Here, we tested a unique group of sighted tactile Braille readers with numerosities 2, 4, 6 and 8 in three number notations: Arabic digits, sets of dots, tactile Braille numbers. Using univariate methods, we showed a consistent overlap in activations evoked by these three number notations. This result shows that all three used notations are represented in the IPS, which may suggest at least a partial overlap between the representations of the three notations used in this experiment. Using MVPA, we found that only non-automatized number information (Braille and sets of dots) allowed successful number classification. However, the numerosity of one notation could not be predicted above chance from the brain activation patterns evoked by another notation (no cross-classification). These results show that the IPS may host independent number codes in overlapping cortical circuits. In addition, they suggest that the level of training in encoding a given type of number information is an important factor that determines the amount of exploitable information and needs to be controlled for in order to identify the neural code underlying numerical information per se.
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10
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Herman AM, Zaremba D, Kossowski B, Marchewka A. The utility of the emBODY tool as a novel method of studying complex phenomena-related emotions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19884. [PMID: 36400810 PMCID: PMC9674849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bodily sensations are one of the major building blocks of emotional experience. However, people differ in their ability to recognise and name their emotions, especially those in response to complex phenomena such as climate change or the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we investigated whether the bodily sensation maps (BSMs) approach can be employed to study emotions related to phenomena that are likely to evoke various, and perhaps even conflicting, emotions in people. Using a unique topographical self-report method-the previously established emBODY tool, 548 participants marked where in the body they feel sensations (activations and deactivations) when they experience distinct emotions (e.g. happiness) and when they think about different phenomena, namely climate change, COVID-19 pandemic, war, nature, friends, and summer holidays. We revealed maps of bodily sensations associated with different emotions and phenomena. Importantly, each phenomenon was related to a statistically unique BSM, suggesting that participants were able to differentiate between feelings associated with distinct phenomena. Yet, we also found that BSMs of phenomena showed some similarity with maps of emotions. Together, these findings indicate that the emBODY tool might be useful in uncovering the range of emotions individuals experience towards complex phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Herman
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Brain Imaging (LOBI), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Zaremba
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Brain Imaging (LOBI), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kossowski
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Brain Imaging (LOBI), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Brain Imaging (LOBI), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Zaremba D, Kulesza M, Herman AM, Marczak M, Kossowski B, Budziszewska M, Michałowski JM, Klöckner CA, Marchewka A, Wierzba M. A wise person plants a tree a day before the end of the world: coping with the emotional experience of climate change in Poland. Curr Psychol 2022; 42:1-19. [PMID: 36258889 PMCID: PMC9561312 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that we are in a climate emergency, and the number of people who are concerned about this problem is growing. Yet, qualitative, in-depth studies to investigate the emotional response to climate change were conducted either in high-income, western countries, or in low-income countries particularly vulnerable to climate change. To our knowledge, there are no qualitative studies conducted in countries that share great barriers to decarbonization while being significant contributors to carbon emissions. Since climate change affects people globally, it is crucial to study this topic in a variety of socio-political contexts. In this work, we discuss views and reflections voiced by highly concerned residents of Poland, a Central European country that is a major contributor to Europe's carbon emissions. We conducted 40 semi-structured interviews with Polish residents, who self-identified as concerned about climate change. A variety of emotions related to climate change were identified and placed in the context of four major themes: dangers posed by climate change, the inevitability of its consequences, attributions of responsibility, and commonality of concern. Our findings highlight a variety of often ambivalent and conflicting emotions that change along with the participant's thoughts, experiences and behaviours. Furthermore, we describe a wide repertoire of coping strategies, which promoted well-being and sustained long-term engagement in climate action. As such, our work contributes to research on a broad array of climate-related emotions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03807-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Zaremba
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Kulesza
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. M. Herman
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Marczak
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - B. Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Budziszewska
- Department of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. M. Michałowski
- Laboratory of Affective Neuroscience in Poznan, Faculty of Psychology and Law, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznań, Poland
| | - C. A. Klöckner
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A. Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Wierzba
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Szczypiński J, Wypych M, Krasowska A, Wiśniewski P, Kopera M, Suszek H, Marchewka A, Jakubczyk A, Wojnar M. Abnormal behavioral and neural responses in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during emotional interference for cognitive control in pedophilic sex offenders. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:131-135. [PMID: 35477077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies within the last decade have reported neural and behavioral differences in cognitive control between men with the pedophilic disorder who commit (CSO+) and do not commit (CSO-) child sexual abuse. Prior studies reported a higher number of errors in Go/Nogo task and lower activity of the prefrontal cortex in NoGo trials, in CSO+ compared with CSO-. Moreover, negative mood was reported as a risk factor for child sexual abuse in pedophilic men. We aimed to examine differences in brain function and behavior between CSO+ and CSO- patients regarding emotional interference on cognitive processes and inhibition. We recruited CSO+ (n = 11) and CSO- (n = 14) patients as well as matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 17). Participants performed the affective Go/NoGo task in a block-design functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. The task comprised the following four conditions: Negative Go, including only Go stimuli and negatively valenced pictures; Negative NoGo, including 50% of Go and 50% of NoGo trials as well as negatively valenced pictures; and two corresponding conditions with neutral pictures. Brain analysis was restricted to the dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC), orbitofrontal, and anterior cingulate cortices. The HC and CSO- groups, but not the CSO+ group, showed significantly slower reactions in negative blocks compared with neutral blocks. Brain analysis revealed increased activation in the right DLPFC during emotional interference contrast (Negative > Neutral) in the HC and CSO- groups; however, there was decreased activation in the CSO+ group. In the CSO+ group, negative distractors did not increase cognitive control processes, which was observed in the CSO- and HC groups at the behavioral and neural levels. These results support previous reports indicating offender status is associated with cognitive and emotional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Szczypiński
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Krasowska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Wiśniewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kopera
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Suszek
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Jakubczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Wojnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27, 00-665, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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13
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Kowalski J, Wypych M, Marchewka A, Dragan M. Brain structural correlates of cognitive-attentional syndrome - a Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1914-1918. [PMID: 35266100 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive-attentional syndrome (CAS) is in the self-regulatory executive function model a set of cognitive and behavioural strategies aimed at regulating cognition and emotion originating from maladaptive metacognitive beliefs. Investigating the brain structure of people with high levels of CAS enables a better understanding of the syndrome and bridging between the metacognitive model of psychopathology and previous results on structural abnormalities in various psychological disorders. Participants with high (n=40) and low levels of CAS (n=44) underwent structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging session. Voxel-Based Morphometry analytical approach was used to compute grey matter volume (GMV) differences between the groups. The group with a high level of CAS had lower GMV in the dorsal part of the anterior cingulate cortex. Our results are in line with the self-regulatory executive function model of psychopathology, showing a link between CAS and lowered GMV in the brain region associated with the regulation of cognition and emotion. They are also in agreement with meta-analytical results on structural correlates of various psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Kowalski
- Experimental Psychopathology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, Warsaw, 00-378, Poland.
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Riegel M, Wierzba M, Wypych M, Ritchey M, Jednoróg K, Grabowska A, Vuilleumier P, Marchewka A. Distinct medial-tempora lobe mechanisms of encoding and amygdala-mediated memory reinstatement for disgust and fear. Neuroimage 2022; 251:118889. [PMID: 35065268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current models of episodic memory posit that retrieval involves the reenactment of encoding processes. Recent evidence has shown that this reinstatement process - indexed by subsequent encoding-retrieval similarity of brain activity patterns - is related to the activity in the hippocampus during encoding. However, we tend to re-experience emotional events in memory more richly than dull events. The role of amygdala - a critical hub of emotion processing - in reinstatement of emotional events was poorly understood. To investigate it, we leveraged a previously overlooked divergence in the role of amygdala in memory modulation by distinct emotions - disgust and fear. Here we used a novel paradigm in which participants encoded complex events (word pairs) and their memory was tested after 3 weeks, both phases during fMRI scanning. Using representational similarity analysis and univariate analyses, we show that the strength of amygdala activation during encoding was correlated with memory reinstatement of individual event representations in emotion-specific regions. Critically, amygdala modulated reinstatement more for disgust than fear. This was in line with other differences observed at the level of memory performance and neural mechanisms of encoding. Specifically, amygdala and perirhinal cortex were more involved during encoding of disgust-related events, whereas hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus during encoding of fear-related events. Together, these findings shed a new light on the role of the amygdala and medial temporal lobe regions in encoding and reinstatement of specific emotional memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Riegel
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York 10027, United States of America; Centre interfacultaire de gérontologie et d'études des vulnerabilities, University of Geneva, CH-Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
| | - Małgorzata Wierzba
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Maureen Ritchey
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States of America
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Anna Grabowska
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw 03-815, Poland
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, CH-Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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15
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Zimmermann M, Mostowski P, Rutkowski P, Tomaszewski P, Krzysztofiak P, Jednoróg K, Marchewka A, Szwed M. The Extent of Task Specificity for Visual and Tactile Sequences in the Auditory Cortex of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9720-9731. [PMID: 34663627 PMCID: PMC8612642 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2527-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that the auditory cortex in the deaf humans might undergo task-specific reorganization. However, evidence remains scarce as previous experiments used only two very specific tasks (temporal processing and face perception) in visual modality. Here, congenitally deaf/hard of hearing and hearing women and men were enrolled in an fMRI experiment as we sought to fill this evidence gap in two ways. First, we compared activation evoked by a temporal processing task performed in two different modalities, visual and tactile. Second, we contrasted this task with a perceptually similar task that focuses on the spatial dimension. Additional control conditions consisted of passive stimulus observation. In line with the task specificity hypothesis, the auditory cortex in the deaf was activated by temporal processing in both visual and tactile modalities. This effect was selective for temporal processing relative to spatial discrimination. However, spatial processing also led to significant auditory cortex recruitment which, unlike temporal processing, occurred even during passive stimulus observation. We conclude that auditory cortex recruitment in the deaf and hard of hearing might involve interplay between task-selective and pluripotential mechanisms of cross-modal reorganization. Our results open several avenues for the investigation of the full complexity of the cross-modal plasticity phenomenon.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Previous studies suggested that the auditory cortex in the deaf may change input modality (sound to vision) while keeping its function (e.g., rhythm processing). We investigated this hypothesis by asking deaf or hard of hearing and hearing adults to discriminate between temporally and spatially complex sequences in visual and tactile modalities. The results show that such function-specific brain reorganization, as has previously been demonstrated in the visual modality, also occurs for tactile processing. On the other hand, they also show that for some stimuli (spatial) the auditory cortex activates automatically, which is suggestive of a take-over by a different kind of cognitive function. The observed differences in processing of sequences might thus result from an interplay of task-specific and pluripotent plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zimmermann
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - P Mostowski
- Section for Sign Linguistics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Rutkowski
- Section for Sign Linguistics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Tomaszewski
- Polish Sign Language and Deaf Communication Research Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, 00-183 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Krzysztofiak
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute for Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute for Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Szwed
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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16
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Kowalczyk‐Grębska N, Skorko M, Dobrowolski P, Kossowski B, Myśliwiec M, Hryniewicz N, Gaca M, Marchewka A, Kossut M, Brzezicka A. Lenticular nucleus volume predicts performance in real-time strategy game: cross-sectional and training approach using voxel-based morphometry. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1492:42-57. [PMID: 33372699 PMCID: PMC8246877 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear why some people learn faster than others. We performed two independent studies in which we investigated the neural basis of real-time strategy (RTS) gaming and neural predictors of RTS game skill acquisition. In the first (cross-sectional) study, we found that experts in the RTS game StarCraft® II (SC2) had a larger lenticular nucleus volume (LNV) than non-RTS players. We followed a cross-validation procedure where we used the volume of regions identified in the first study to predict the quality of learning a new, complex skill (SC2) in a sample of individuals who were naive to RTS games (a second (training) study). Our findings provide new insights into how the LNV, which is associated with motor as well as cognitive functions, can be utilized to predict successful skill learning and be applied to a much broader context than just video games, such as contributing to optimizing cognitive training interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciek Skorko
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | | | - Bartosz Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Monika Myśliwiec
- Faculty of PsychologySWPS University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsawPoland
| | - Nikodem Hryniewicz
- CNS Lab, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Maciej Gaca
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Małgorzata Kossut
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Department of Molecular and Cellular NeurobiologyNencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Aneta Brzezicka
- Faculty of PsychologySWPS University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsawPoland
- Department of NeurosurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia
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17
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Szczypiński J, Wypych M, Michalska A, Krasowska A, Kopera M, Suszek H, Marchewka A, Jakubczyk A, Wojnar M. Pedophilic sex offender show reduced actiation in the right dlpfc during integration of emotion and cognition – preliminary results. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9475693 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pedophilic disorder is characterized by a sexual preference for children and leads to child sexual abuse (CSA) in half of the patients. Studies showed that pedophiles with a history of CSA (CSA+) are inferior, in inhibitory control, to those without (CSA-). Objectives Inhibitory control may be influenced by negative affectivity, which was shown to be a state factor facilitating sexual abuse. Nevertheless, it is not known if distress influence CSA+ and CSA- equally. Methods We recruited three groups of participants: healthy controls (HC) CSA+ and CSA- who performed an emotional Go-NoGo block task. The task was design specifically to correspond to a situation in which an indivisual is opposed by a negative life event. In each trial, participants were presented with photographs, either of neutral or negative valence, which did not require reaction. After the photographs, a circle (Go stimuli) or a square (NoGo stimuli) was presented.![]() Results We found that HC and CSA- had slower reaction time in negative compared to neutral condition (regardless of the block type), while CSA+ did not. Consequently, HC and CSA- showed increased activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in negative compared to the neutral condition, what was not observed in CSA+.![]() Conclusions DLPFC is crucial for cognitive control, however, the activity of this region is modulated by emotional valence. Reduced engagement of dlPFC in CSA+ in negative condition (irrespectively of the task instructions), suggest that negative emotions in CSA+ disrupt also other aspects of cognitive control, rather than inhibition specifically.
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18
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Olszewska AM, Gaca M, Herman AM, Jednoróg K, Marchewka A. How Musical Training Shapes the Adult Brain: Predispositions and Neuroplasticity. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:630829. [PMID: 33776638 PMCID: PMC7987793 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.630829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning to play a musical instrument is a complex task that integrates multiple sensory modalities and higher-order cognitive functions. Therefore, musical training is considered a useful framework for the research on training-induced neuroplasticity. However, the classical nature-or-nurture question remains, whether the differences observed between musicians and non-musicians are due to predispositions or result from the training itself. Here we present a review of recent publications with strong focus on experimental designs to better understand both brain reorganization and the neuronal markers of predispositions when learning to play a musical instrument. Cross-sectional studies identified structural and functional differences between the brains of musicians and non-musicians, especially in regions related to motor control and auditory processing. A few longitudinal studies showed functional changes related to training while listening to and producing music, in the motor network and its connectivity with the auditory system, in line with the outcomes of cross-sectional studies. Parallel changes within the motor system and between the motor and auditory systems were revealed for structural connectivity. In addition, potential predictors of musical learning success were found including increased brain activation in the auditory and motor systems during listening, the microstructure of the arcuate fasciculus, and the functional connectivity between the auditory and the motor systems. We show that “the musical brain” is a product of both the natural human neurodiversity and the training practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja M Olszewska
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Gaca
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Herman
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Dzięgiel-Fivet G, Plewko J, Szczerbiński M, Marchewka A, Szwed M, Jednoróg K. Neural network for Braille reading and the speech-reading convergence in the blind: Similarities and differences to visual reading. Neuroimage 2021; 231:117851. [PMID: 33582273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
All writing systems represent units of spoken language. Studies on the neural correlates of reading in different languages show that this skill relies on access to brain areas dedicated to speech processing. Speech-reading convergence onto a common perisylvian network is therefore considered universal among different writing systems. Using fMRI, we test whether this holds true also for tactile Braille reading in the blind. The neural networks for Braille and visual reading overlapped in the left ventral occipitotemporal (vOT) cortex. Even though we showed similar perisylvian specialization for speech in both groups, blind subjects did not engage this speech system for reading. In contrast to the sighted, speech-reading convergence in the blind was absent in the perisylvian network. Instead, the blind engaged vOT not only in reading but also in speech processing. The involvement of the vOT in speech processing and its engagement in reading in the blind suggests that vOT is included in a modality independent language network in the blind, also evidenced by functional connectivity results. The analysis of individual speech-reading convergence suggests that there may be segregated neuronal populations in the vOT for speech processing and reading in the blind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Dzięgiel-Fivet
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Plewko
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Szwed
- Department of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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20
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Draps M, Kowalczyk-Grębska N, Marchewka A, Shi F, Gola M. White matter microstructural and Compulsive Sexual Behaviors Disorder - Diffusion Tensor Imaging study. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:55-64. [PMID: 33570504 PMCID: PMC8969848 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Even though the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) was added to the ICD-11 under the impulse control category in 2019, its neural mechanisms are still debated. Researchers have noted its similarity both to addiction and to Obssesive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The aim of our study was to address this question by investigating the pattern of anatomical brain abnormalities among CSBD patients. METHODS Reviewing 39 publications on Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) we have identified main abnormalities specific for addictions and OCD. Than we have collected DTI data from 36 heterosexual males diagnosed with CSBD and 31 matched healthy controls. These results were then compared to the addiction and OCD patterns. RESULTS Compared to controls, CSBD individuals showed significant fractional anisotropy (FA) reduction in the superior corona radiata tract, the internal capsule tract, cerebellar tracts and occipital gyrus white matter. Interestingly, all these regions were also identified in previous studies as shared DTI correlates in both OCD and addiction. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Results of our study suggest that CSBD shares similar pattern of abnormalities with both OCD and addiction. As one of the first DTI study comparing structural brain differences between CSBD, addictions and OCD, although it reveals new aspects of CSBD, it is insufficient to determine whether CSBD resembles more an addiction or OCD. Further research, especially comparing directly individuals with all three disorders may provide more conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Draps
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | | | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Feng Shi
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mateusz Gola
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland,Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computations, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
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21
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Kossowski B, Droździel D, Rode K, Michałowski J, Jankowski KS, Wypych M, Wolska A, Marchewka A. The influence of light exposure and chronotype on working memory in humans. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2021. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2021-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Kossowski B, Drozdziel D, Rode K, Michałowski J, Jankowski KS, Wypych M, Wolska A, Marchewka A. The influence of light exposure and chronotype on working memory in humans. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2021; 81:111-120. [PMID: 34170259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here we examine how exposure to blue (peaking at λ=470 nm), green (peaking at λ=505 nm) and red (peaking at λ=630 nm) light affects subsequent working memory performance measured with visual N-back tasks and associated functional brain responses in participants with extreme morning and extreme evening chronotype. We used within-subjects experimental manipulation on carefully selected samples and state of the art equipment for light exposure. The results show no differences between extreme morning-type and evening-type individuals in N-back task performance. We also did not replicate the alerting effect of exposure to blue wavelength light, supposedly enhancing performance on cognitive tasks. However, we found higher brain activity in the morning hours for extreme morning in comparison to extreme evening chronotype in several frontal areas of the precentral gyrus, middle and superior frontal gyri and in the occipital gyrus. This may indicate increased strategic or attentional recruitment of prefrontal areas, implicated in compensating working memory load in the morning type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dawid Drozdziel
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rode
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Michałowski
- Poznan Laboratory of Affective Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Law, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wolska
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy Warsaw, Poland;
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23
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Banaszkiewicz A, Bola Ł, Matuszewski J, Szczepanik M, Kossowski B, Mostowski P, Rutkowski P, Śliwińska M, Jednoróg K, Emmorey K, Marchewka A. The role of the superior parietal lobule in lexical processing of sign language: Insights from fMRI and TMS. Cortex 2020; 135:240-254. [PMID: 33401098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is strong evidence that neuronal bases for language processing are remarkably similar for sign and spoken languages. However, as meanings and linguistic structures of sign languages are coded in movement and space and decoded through vision, differences are also present, predominantly in occipitotemporal and parietal areas, such as superior parietal lobule (SPL). Whether the involvement of SPL reflects domain-general visuospatial attention or processes specific to sign language comprehension remains an open question. Here we conducted two experiments to investigate the role of SPL and the laterality of its engagement in sign language lexical processing. First, using unique longitudinal and between-group designs we mapped brain responses to sign language in hearing late learners and deaf signers. Second, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in both groups we tested the behavioural relevance of SPL's engagement and its lateralisation during sign language comprehension. SPL activation in hearing participants was observed in the right hemisphere before and bilaterally after the sign language course. Additionally, after the course hearing learners exhibited greater activation in the occipital cortex and left SPL than deaf signers. TMS applied to the right SPL decreased accuracy in both hearing learners and deaf signers. Stimulation of the left SPL decreased accuracy only in hearing learners. Our results suggest that right SPL might be involved in visuospatial attention while left SPL might support phonological decoding of signs in non-proficient signers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Banaszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ł Bola
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Matuszewski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Szczepanik
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Mostowski
- Section for Sign Linguistics, Faculty of Polish Studies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Rutkowski
- Section for Sign Linguistics, Faculty of Polish Studies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Śliwińska
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, UK
| | - K Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Emmorey
- Laboratory for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - A Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Matuszewski J, Kossowski B, Bola Ł, Banaszkiewicz A, Paplińska M, Gyger L, Kherif F, Szwed M, Frackowiak RS, Jednoróg K, Draganski B, Marchewka A. Brain plasticity dynamics during tactile Braille learning in sighted subjects: Multi-contrast MRI approach. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117613. [PMID: 33307223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of empirical evidence supports the notion of diverse neurobiological processes underlying learning-induced plasticity changes in the human brain. There are still open questions about how brain plasticity depends on cognitive task complexity, how it supports interactions between brain systems and with what temporal and spatial trajectory. We investigated brain and behavioural changes in sighted adults during 8-months training of tactile Braille reading whilst monitoring brain structure and function at 5 different time points. We adopted a novel multivariate approach that includes behavioural data and specific MRI protocols sensitive to tissue properties to assess local functional and structural and myelin changes over time. Our results show that while the reading network, located in the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, rapidly adapts to tactile input, sensory areas show changes in grey matter volume and intra-cortical myelin at different times. This approach has allowed us to examine and describe neuroplastic mechanisms underlying complex cognitive systems and their (sensory) inputs and (motor) outputs differentially, at a mesoscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Matuszewski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bola
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Banaszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Lucien Gyger
- LREN, Department for Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ferath Kherif
- LREN, Department for Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Szwed
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN, Department for Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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25
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Folkierska-Żukowska M, Rahman Q, Marchewka A, Wypych M, Droździel D, Sokołowski A, Dragan WŁ. Male sexual orientation, gender nonconformity, and neural activity during mental rotations: an fMRI study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18709. [PMID: 33127919 PMCID: PMC7599322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-sex shift hypothesis predicts that gay men should perform more like heterosexual women on important neurocognitive tasks on which men score higher than women, such as mental rotation. Studies also suggest sex differences exist in the neural correlates of mental rotation. However, no studies have taken sexual orientation into account or considered within-group variation attributable to recalled gender nonconformity (a developmental trait reliably associated with human nonheterosexuality). We quantified the neural correlates of mental rotation by comparing two groups of gay men, gender conforming (n = 23) and gender nonconforming (n = 23), to gender conforming heterosexual men (n = 22) and women (n = 22). We observed a sex difference between heterosexual men and women in the premotor cortex/supplementary motor cortex and left medial superior frontal gyrus. We also observed a sex difference as well as a cross-sex shift in gay men who recalled being gender nonconforming as children in the right superior frontal gyrus, right angular gyrus, right amygdala/parahippocampal gyrus, and bilaterally in the middle temporal gyrus and precuneus. Thus, cross-sex shifts may be associated with underlying developmental factors which are associated with sexual orientation (such as gender nonconformity). The results also suggest that gay men should not be studied as a homogenous group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qazi Rahman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Droździel
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sokołowski
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Banaszkiewicz A, Matuszewski J, Bola Ł, Szczepanik M, Kossowski B, Rutkowski P, Szwed M, Emmorey K, Jednoróg K, Marchewka A. Multimodal imaging of brain reorganization in hearing late learners of sign language. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:384-397. [PMID: 33098616 PMCID: PMC7776004 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural plasticity underlying language learning is a process rather than a single event. However, the dynamics of training-induced brain reorganization have rarely been examined, especially using a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging approach, which allows us to study the relationship between functional and structural changes. We focus on sign language acquisition in hearing adults who underwent an 8-month long course and five neuroimaging sessions. We assessed what neural changes occurred as participants learned a new language in a different modality-as reflected by task-based activity, connectivity changes, and co-occurring structural alterations. Major changes in the activity pattern appeared after just 3 months of learning, as indicated by increases in activation within the modality-independent perisylvian language network, together with increased activation in modality-dependent parieto-occipital, visuospatial and motion-sensitive regions. Despite further learning, no alterations in activation were detected during the following months. However, enhanced coupling between left-lateralized occipital and inferior frontal regions was observed as the proficiency increased. Furthermore, an increase in gray matter volume was detected in the left inferior frontal gyrus which peaked at the end of learning. Overall, these results showed complexity and temporal distinctiveness of various aspects of brain reorganization associated with learning of new language in different sensory modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Banaszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Matuszewski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bola
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michał Szczepanik
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Rutkowski
- Section for Sign Linguistics, Faculty of Polish Studies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Szwed
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karen Emmorey
- Laboratory for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Chyl K, Kossowski B, Wang S, Dębska A, Łuniewska M, Marchewka A, Wypych M, Bunt MVD, Mencl W, Pugh K, Jednoróg K. The brain signature of emerging reading in two contrasting languages. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117503. [PMID: 33130273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite dissimilarities among scripts, a universal hallmark of literacy in skilled readers is the convergent brain activity for print and speech. Little is known, however, whether this differs as a function of grapheme to phoneme transparency in beginning readers. Here we compare speech and orthographic processing circuits in two contrasting languages, Polish and English, in 100 7-year-old children performing fMRI language localizer tasks. Results show limited language variation, with speech-print convergence evident mostly in left frontotemporal perisylvian regions. Correlational and intersect analyses revealed subtle differences in the strength of this coupling in several regions of interest. Specifically, speech-print convergence was higher for transparent Polish than opaque English in the right temporal area, associated with phonological processing. Conversely, speech-print convergence was higher for English than Polish in left fusiform, associated with visual word recognition. We conclude that speech-print convergence is a universal marker of reading even at the beginning of reading acquisition with minor variations that can be explained by the differences in grapheme to phoneme transparency. This finding at the earliest stages of reading acquisition conforms well with claims that reading exhibits a good deal of universality despite writing systems differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chyl
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shuai Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, China; CNRS, LPL, Aix Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France; Institute of Language, Communication and the Brain, Brain and Language Research Institute, Aix Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Agnieszka Dębska
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łuniewska
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Kenneth Pugh
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland.
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28
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Wyczesany M, Adamczyk AK, Ligeza TS, Bereś A, Marchewka A. Implicit induction of emotional control-A comparative fMRI investigation of self-control and reappraisal goal pursuit. Emotion 2020; 21:1379-1391. [PMID: 32940487 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Implicit forms of emotion regulation are of growing interest and have been shown to be efficient in controlling emotional responses despite the fact that they operate without conscious awareness of the ongoing regulatory process and deliberate attempts to influence emotional responding. Although such forms of affective modulation are considered natural and crucial for mental health, their brain mechanisms have hardly been studied until now. Here, we employ a novel procedure and compare directly brain responses to emotional stimuli after implicitly inducing either a self-control goal or a reappraisal goal with a scrambled sentence task. Both induction methods showed robust attenuation of visual, attentional, and emotion-related brain networks. Moreover, after induction of the self-control goal we observed increased activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and the right insula, which are involved in top-down modulation of emotional responses. Reappraisal goal induction led to weaker activation in the right dlPFC, which was localized similarly as in the self-control induction task. Our results not only confirm the effectiveness of implicit induction of affective control, but also indicate the important similarities in underlying neural mechanisms that are putatively shared with conscious forms of emotional regulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Bereś
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics
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29
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Kowalski J, Wierzba M, Wypych M, Marchewka A, Dragan M. Effects of attention training technique on brain function in high- and low-cognitive-attentional syndrome individuals: Regional dynamics before, during, and after a single session of ATT. Behav Res Ther 2020; 132:103693. [PMID: 32688045 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention Training Technique (ATT) is a key therapeutic tool in metacognitive therapy. There are numerous studies on the behavioral effects of ATT, however the neural mechanisms at work in the training are yet to be uncovered. To date there have been no controlled fMRI studies of ATT. METHOD We conducted a randomized double-blind controlled study of two groups with varying levels of cognitive-attentional syndrome (CAS). Groups with high (n = 43) and low (n = 46) levels of CAS underwent a single session of ATT or a control condition (CON) in an MRI scanner. Participants underwent resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) sessions and rumination induction sessions both pre- and post-intervention Functional connectivity analyses and inter-subject correlations analyses were computed. We also collected data on emotion and attention functioning pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS We did not observe any behavioral effects of ATT. However, direct comparison between ATT and CON sessions revealed greater inter-subject correlations in almost all hubs belonging to the studied functional networks. Moreover, subjects who received ATT showed diminished connectivity in the fronto-parietal network during ruminations and diminished connectivity of the precuneus with lateral occipital cortices and the intraparietal sulcus in abstract thinking and rsfMRI, respectively. Furthermore, some of the observed effects in functional connectivity and inter-subject correlations were specific to different levels of CAS. CONCLUSIONS Our results may support a proposed neural mechanism for ATT: disengagement of attention from CAS-type processing in either low- or high-CAS individuals. It is also possible that some neural effects of ATT are specific to individuals with different levels of CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Kowalski
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stefana Jaracza 1, 00-378, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Wierzba
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Street 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Street 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Street 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dragan
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland
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Szczypiński J, Alińska A, Waligóra M, Kopera M, Krasowska A, Michalska A, Suszek H, Jakubczyk A, Wypych M, Wojnar M, Marchewka A. Familiarity with children improves the ability to recognize children's mental states: an fMRI study using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task and the Nencki Children Eyes Test. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12964. [PMID: 32737383 PMCID: PMC7395771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory of mind plays a fundamental role in human social interactions. People generally better understand the mental states of members of their own race, a predisposition called the own-race bias, which can be significantly reduced by experience. It is unknown whether the ability to understand mental states can be similarly influenced by own-age bias, whether this bias can be reduced by experience and, finally, what the neuronal correlates of this processes are. We evaluate whether adults working with children (WC) have an advantage over adults not working with children (NWC) in understanding the mental states of youngsters. Participants performed fMRI tasks with Adult Mind (AM) and Child Mind (CM) conditions based on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test and a newly developed Nencki Children Eyes test. WC had better accuracy in the CM condition than NWC. In NWC, own-age bias was associated with higher activation in the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) in AM than in CM. This effect was not observed in the WC group, which showed higher activation in the pSTS and inferior frontal gyri in CM than in AM. Therefore, activation in these regions is required for the improvement in recognition of children's mental states caused by experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Szczypiński
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging (LOBI), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Alińska
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging (LOBI), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Waligóra
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging (LOBI), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kopera
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Aneta Michalska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Suszek
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Jakubczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging (LOBI), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Wojnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging (LOBI), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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Jablonska K, Piotrowska M, Bednarek H, Szymaszek A, Marchewka A, Wypych M, Szelag E. Maintenance vs. Manipulation in Auditory Verbal Working Memory in the Elderly: New Insights Based on Temporal Dynamics of Information Processing in the Millisecond Time Range. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:194. [PMID: 32848698 PMCID: PMC7396649 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is a limited-capacity cognitive system that allows the storage and use of a limited amount of information for a short period of time. Two WM processes can be distinguished: maintenance (i.e., storing, monitoring, and matching information) and manipulation (i.e., reordering and updating information). A number of studies have reported an age-related decline in WM, but the mechanisms underlying this deterioration need to be investigated. Previous research, including studies conducted in our laboratory, revealed that age-related cognitive deficits are related to decreased millisecond timing, i.e., the ability to perceive and organize incoming events in time. The aim of the current study was: (1) to identify in the elderly the brain network involved in the maintenance and manipulation WM processes; and (2) to use an fMRI task to investigate the relation between the brain activity associated with these two processes and the efficiency of temporal information processing (TIP) on a millisecond level reflected by psychophysical indices. Subjects were 41 normal healthy elderly people aged from 62 to 78 years. They performed: (1) an auditory verbal n-back task for assessing WM efficiency in an MRI scanner; and (2) a psychophysical auditory temporal-order judgment (TOJ) task for assessing temporal resolution in the millisecond domain outside the scanner. The n-back task comprised three conditions (0-, 1-, and 2-back), which allowed maintenance (1- vs. 0-back comparisons) and manipulation (2- vs. 1-back comparisons) processes to be distinguished. Results revealed the involvement of a similar brain network in the elderly to that found in previous studies. However, during maintenance processes, we found relatively limited and focused activations, which were significantly extended during manipulation. A novel result of our study, never reported before, is an indication of significant moderate correlations between the efficiency of WM and TIP. These correlations were found only for manipulation but not for maintenance. Our results confirmed the hypothesis that manipulation in the elderly is a dynamic process requiring skilled millisecond timing with high temporal resolution. We conclude that millisecond timing contributes to WM manipulation in the elderly, but not to maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jablonska
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Piotrowska
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Bednarek
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Szymaszek
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Szelag
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Kijonka M, Borys D, Psiuk-Maksymowicz K, Gorczewski K, Wojcieszek P, Kossowski B, Marchewka A, Swierniak A, Sokol M, Bobek-Billewicz B. Whole Brain and Cranial Size Adjustments in Volumetric Brain Analyses of Sex- and Age-Related Trends. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:278. [PMID: 32317915 PMCID: PMC7147247 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to determine the influence of sex, age and the head/brain size on the compartmental brain volumes in the radiologically verified healthy population (96 subjects; 54 women and 42 men) from the Upper Silesia region in Poland. The MRI examinations were done using 3T Philips Achieva with the same T1-weighted and T2-weighted protocols. The image segmentation procedures were performed with SPM (Statistical Parameter Mapping) and FSL-FIRST software. The volumes of 14 subcortical structures for the left and right hemispheres and 4 overall volumes were calculated. The General Linear Models (GLM) analysis was used with and without the Total Brain Volume (TBV) and Intracranial Volume (ICV) parameters as the covariates to study the regional vs. global brain atrophy. After the ICV/TBV adjustments, the majority of sex differences in the specific volumes of interest (VOIs) revealed to be linked to the difference in the head/brain size parameters. The analysis also confirmed the significant effect of the aging process on the brain loss. After the TBV adjustment, the age- and sex-related volumetric trends for the gray and white matter volumes were observed: the negative age dependence of the gray matter volume is more pronounced in the males, while in case of the white matter the positive age-related trend in the female group is weaker. The local losses of the left caudate nucleus and the right thalamus are more advanced than the global brain atrophy. Different head-size correction strategies are not interchangeable and may yield various volumetric results, but when used together, facilitate studies on the regional dependencies inherent to a healthy, but aging, brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kijonka
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Damian Borys
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.,Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Psiuk-Maksymowicz
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.,Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Kamil Gorczewski
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr Wojcieszek
- Brachytherapy Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Swierniak
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.,Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maria Sokol
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Barbara Bobek-Billewicz
- Department of Radiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
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Łuniewska M, Chyl K, Dębska A, Banaszkiewicz A, Żelechowska A, Marchewka A, Grabowska A, Jednoróg K. Children With Dyslexia and Familial Risk for Dyslexia Present Atypical Development of the Neuronal Phonological Network. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1287. [PMID: 31849595 PMCID: PMC6895138 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning to read changes the brain language system. Phonological processing is the language domain most crucial for reading, but it is still unknown how reading acquisition modifies the neural phonological network in children who either develop dyslexia or are at risk of dyslexia. For the two first years of formal education, we followed 90 beginning readers with (n = 55) and without (n = 35) familial risk of dyslexia who became typical readers (n = 70) or developed dyslexia (n = 20). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify the neural correlates of phonological awareness using an auditory rhyme judgment task. This task was applied when participants were starting formal education, and repeated 2 years later. By applying two alternative group splits, we analyzed the effects of dyslexia and the effects of familial risk of dyslexia separately. We found that the phonological brain network undergoes reorganization during the first 2 years of formal education. This process proceeds differently depending on the presence of a familial history of dyslexia and reading impairment. Typical readers without risk for dyslexia activate structures responsible for phonological processing already at the beginning of literacy. This group shows reduced brain activation over time during phonological processing, perhaps due to automatization of phonological skills. Children who develop reading impairment present a delay in the development of phonological structures such as the bilateral superior temporal gyri, left middle temporal gyrus, right insula and right frontal cortex, where we observed time and group interaction. Finally, typical readers with familial risk of dyslexia also present an atypical development of the neural phonological structures, visible both at the beginning of reading instruction and 2 years later. These children used a presumably efficient neural mechanism of phonological processing, based on the activation of the precentral and postcentral gyri, and achieved a typical level of phonological awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Łuniewska
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chyl
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dębska
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Banaszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Żelechowska
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Grabowska
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Chyl K, Dębska A, Łuniewska M, Marchewka A, Kossowski B, Pugh KR, Jednoróg K. Reading Acquisition in Children: Developmental Processes and Dyslexia-Specific Effects. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:948-960. [PMID: 30768401 PMCID: PMC6606402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decreased activation to print in the left ventral, dorsal, and anterior pathways has been implicated in readers with dyslexia (DRs) but also is characteristic for typical beginning readers. Because most studies have compared DRs with their age-matched peers, the observed results could represent a dyslexia phenotype or a developmental delay. This study aimed to disentangle reading and dyslexia effects using 2 control groups matched for age and skill and a longitudinal design. METHOD Brain response for print was compared in DRs and typical readers (TRs) who, at the beginning of schooling (time point 1 [TP]; 6-7 years old), read on average 3 words per minute, as did DRs at TP1, but improved their reading to an average level, and advanced readers (ARs) who at TP1 read as well as DRs 2 years later (TP3; 8-9 years old). The TR and DR groups were tracked longitudinally to observe neurodevelopmental changes. RESULTS At TP1, DRs did not differ from TRs. Over time, only TRs developed a neural circuit for reading in the left inferior frontal and fusiform gyri. At TP3, DRs exhibited hypo-activation in these areas compared with age-matched (TRs at TP3) and reading-matched (ARs at TP1) controls. At TP3, TRs showed hypo-activation in the left frontal and bilateral ventral occipital regions compared with ARs, but these effects were nonoverlapping with DR hypo-activations and are partly explained by IQ. CONCLUSION Decreased activation of the left fusiform and inferior frontal gyri to print in DRs results from an atypical developmental trajectory of reading and cannot be explained solely by lower reading skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chyl
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dębska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łuniewska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland., Warsaw University, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kossowski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kenneth R. Pugh
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Bola Ł, Matuszewski J, Szczepanik M, Droździel D, Sliwinska MW, Paplińska M, Jednoróg K, Szwed M, Marchewka A. Functional hierarchy for tactile processing in the visual cortex of sighted adults. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116084. [PMID: 31400530 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception via different sensory modalities was traditionally believed to be supported by largely separate brain systems. However, a growing number of studies demonstrate that the visual cortices of typical, sighted adults are involved in tactile and auditory perceptual processing. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of the visual cortex's involvement in a complex tactile task: Braille letter recognition. Sighted subjects underwent Braille training and then participated in a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study in which they tactually identified single Braille letters. During this task, TMS was applied to their left early visual cortex, visual word form area (VWFA), and left early somatosensory cortex at five time windows from 20 to 520 ms following the Braille letter presentation's onset. The subjects' response accuracy decreased when TMS was applied to the early visual cortex at the 120-220 ms time window and when TMS was applied to the VWFA at the 320-420 ms time window. Stimulation of the early somatosensory cortex did not have a time-specific effect on the accuracy of the subjects' Braille letter recognition, but rather caused a general slowdown during this task. Our results indicate that the involvement of sighted people's visual cortices in tactile perception respects the canonical visual hierarchy-the early tactile processing stages involve the early visual cortex, whereas more advanced tactile computations involve high-level visual areas. Our findings are compatible with the metamodal account of brain organization and suggest that the whole visual cortex may potentially support spatial perception in a task-specific, sensory-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bola
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 6 Ingardena Street, 30-060, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jacek Matuszewski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Szczepanik
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Droździel
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Paplińska
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, 40 Szczęśliwicka Street, 02-353, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Szwed
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, 6 Ingardena Street, 30-060, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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Dragan WŁ, Jednoróg K, Marchewka A. Sex-Specific Relationship of Childhood Adversity With Gray Matter Volume and Temperament. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:71. [PMID: 31031605 PMCID: PMC6473035 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To date, many studies have attempted to show a relationship between potentially harmful experiences in childhood and gray matter volume (GMV) in specific brain areas. These studies managed to identify several affected regions, yet most of them neglected the influence of sex or the occurrence of mental health problems. Furthermore, little is known about mechanisms linking childhood adversity (CA) and temperamental traits as plausible endophenotypes of psychopathology. Objective: The present study addresses these two issues by trying to identify sex-specific relationships between CA and brain volumes as well as to show the role of the latter in predicting temperament scores. Method: Forty-eight people (23 women) without anxiety or affective disorders participated in this study. CA was measured using the Childhood Questionnaire (CQ) and temperament was measured with the use of the behavioral inhibition system-behavioral activation system (BIS-BAS) Scales. Whole-brain MR imaging was performed to identify GMV differences. Results: In women, we identified negative relationships between CA and GMV in the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), right cerebellum, and right precentral gyrus. In men, we found a negative correlation between CA and GMV in the right fusiform gyrus. We also identified sex-specific relationships between CA and temperament traits. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest a sex-specific pattern in the relationship between early adverse experiences and brain structure. The results can also help explain the role that temperament plays in the relationship between CA and the risk of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Łukasz Dragan
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Behavior Genetic Research, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
Previous studies indicate that autobiographical memory is impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Successful recollection of information referring to one’s own person requires the intact ability to re-activate representation of the past self. In the current fMRI study we investigated process of conscious reflection on the present self, the past self, and a close-other in the ASD and typically developing groups. Significant inter-group differences were found in the Past-Self condition. In individuals with ASD, reflection on the past self was associated with additional engagement of the posterior cingulate and posterior temporal structures. We hypothesize that this enhanced activation of widely distributed neural network reflects substantial difficulties in processes of reflection on one’s own person in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna B Cygan
- Laboratory of Social Psychology, Department of Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, 16 Czerniakowska Street, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland. .,Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Kotlewska
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Humanities, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Anna Nowicka
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Okruszek Ł, Jarkiewicz M, Szrubarz P, Wichniak A, Michałowski J, Marchewka A, Łojek E. Many ways to forget - Neurophysiology of directed forgetting mechanisms in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2019; 274:358-364. [PMID: 30851599 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown dysfunctional mechanism of interaction between bottom-up emotional and top-down cognitive processes in persons with schizophrenia (SCZ). During the emotional directed forgetting (DF) paradigm participants have to apply volitional mechanisms to resist automatic emotional enhancement of the memory. Here we sought to compare mechanisms underlying emotional DF in SCZ and in healthy persons (HC). Eighteen SCZ and eighteen HC completed a DF paradigm with neutral and negative pictures. EEG was recorded during study and test phase of the task. We analyzed both the behavioral outcomes and event-related potential components, indicating emotional enhancement of memory (Late Positive Potential elicited by pictures) and DF strategies (N2/P3 elicited by forget/remember cues during study-phase; "old/new" and "reversed old/new" effects during test-phase of the task). Directed forgetting effects and emotional enhancement of memory were observed in both groups, even despite overall lower recognition rates in SCZ. Furthermore, cue presentation elicited similar pattern of N2/P3s in SCZ and in HC. However, "reversed old/new" effect was observed only in HC for negative stimuli. Patients may show similar reaction to affective stimuli as healthy controls during the emotional DF task. However, further investigation is needed to elicit the specific mechanisms underlying the DF strategies in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Okruszek
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Jarkiewicz
- Third Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Adam Wichniak
- Third Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Łojek
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Kowalski J, Wypych M, Marchewka A, Dragan M. Neural Correlates of Cognitive-Attentional Syndrome: An fMRI Study on Repetitive Negative Thinking Induction and Resting State Functional Connectivity. Front Psychol 2019; 10:648. [PMID: 30971987 PMCID: PMC6443848 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Cognitive-attentional syndrome (CAS) is the main factor underlying depressive and anxiety disorders in the metacognitive approach to psychopathology and psychotherapy. This study explore neural correlates of this syndrome during induced negative thinking, abstract thinking, and resting states. Methods n = 25 people with high levels of CAS and n = 33 people with low levels of CAS were chosen from a population-based sample (N = 1225). These groups filled-in a series of measures of CAS, negative affect, and psychopathology; they also underwent a modified rumination induction procedure and a resting state fMRI session. Resonance imaging data were analyzed using static general linear model and functional connectivity approaches. Results The two groups differed with large effect sizes on all used measures of CAS, negative affect, and psychopathology. We did not find any group differences in general linear model analyses. Functional connectivity analyses showed that high levels of CAS were related to disrupted patterns of connectivity within and between various brain networks: the default mode network, the salience network, and the central executive network. Conclusion We showed that low- and high-CAS groups differed in functional connectivity during induced negative and abstract thinking and also in resting state fMRI. Overall, our results suggest that people with high levels of CAS tend to have disrupted neural processing related to self-referential processing, task-oriented processing, and emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Bola M, Orłowski P, Baranowska K, Schartner M, Marchewka A. Informativeness of Auditory Stimuli Does Not Affect EEG Signal Diversity. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1820. [PMID: 30319513 PMCID: PMC6168660 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain signal diversity constitutes a robust neuronal marker of the global states of consciousness. It has been demonstrated that, in comparison to the resting wakefulness, signal diversity is lower during unconscious states, and higher during psychedelic states. A plausible interpretation of these findings is that the neuronal diversity corresponds to the diversity of subjective conscious experiences. Therefore, in the present study we varied an information rate processed by the subjects and hypothesized that greater information rate will be related to richer and more differentiated phenomenology and, consequently, to greater signal diversity. To test this hypothesis speech recordings (excerpts from an audio-book) were presented to subjects at five different speeds (65, 83, 100, 117, and 135% of the original speed). By increasing or decreasing speed of the recordings we were able to, respectively, increase or decrease the presented information rate. We also included a backward (unintelligible) speech presentation and a resting-state condition (no auditory stimulation). We tested 19 healthy subjects and analyzed the recorded EEG signal (64 channels) in terms of Lempel-Ziv diversity (LZs). We report the following findings. First, our main hypothesis was not confirmed, as Bayes Factor indicates evidence for no effect when comparing LZs among five presentation speeds. Second, we found that LZs during the resting-state was greater than during processing of both meaningful and unintelligible speech. Third, an additional analysis uncovered a gradual decrease of diversity over the time-course of the experiment, which might reflect a decrease in vigilance. We thus speculate that higher signal diversity during the unconstrained resting-state might be due to a greater variety of experiences, involving spontaneous attention switching and mind wandering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bola
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Orłowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Philosophy, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Baranowska
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Schartner
- Département des Neurosciences Fondamentales, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Plewko J, Chyl K, Bola Ł, Łuniewska M, Dębska A, Banaszkiewicz A, Wypych M, Marchewka A, van Atteveldt N, Jednoróg K. Letter and Speech Sound Association in Emerging Readers With Familial Risk of Dyslexia. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:393. [PMID: 30333739 PMCID: PMC6176073 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In alphabetic scripts, learning letter-sound (LS) association (i.e., letter knowledge) is a strong predictor of later reading skills. LS integration is related to left superior temporal cortex (STC) activity and its disruption was previously observed in dyslexia (DYS). Whether disruption in LS association is a cause of reading impairment or a consequence of decreased exposure to print remains unclear. Using fMRI, we compared activation for letters, speech sounds and LS association in emerging readers with (FHD+, N = 50) and without (FHD-, N = 35) familial history of DYS, out of whom 17 developed DYS 2 years later. Despite having similar reading skills, FHD+ and FHD- groups showed opposite pattern of activation in left STC: In FHD- children activation was higher for incongruent compared to congruent, whereas in FHD+ it was higher for congruent LS pairs. Higher activation to congruent LS pairs was also characteristic of future DYS. The magnitude of incongruency effect in left STC was positively related to early reading skills, but only in FHD- children and (retrospectively) in typical readers. We show that alterations in brain activity during LS association can be detected at very early stages of reading acquisition, suggesting their causal involvement in later reading impairments. Increased response of left STC to incongruent LS pairs in FHD- group might reflect an early stage of automatizing LS associations, where the brain responds actively to conflicting pairs. The absence of such response in FHD+ children could lead to failures in suppressing incongruent information during reading acquisition, which could result in future reading problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Plewko
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chyl
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bola
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łuniewska
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dębska
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Banaszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nienke van Atteveldt
- Department of Clinical Developmental Psychology & Institute LEARN!, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw, Poland
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Okruszek Ł, Wordecha M, Jarkiewicz M, Kossowski B, Lee J, Marchewka A. Brain correlates of recognition of communicative interactions from biological motion in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1862-1871. [PMID: 29173243 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717003385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognition of communicative interactions is a complex social cognitive ability which is associated with a specific neural activity in healthy individuals. However, neural correlates of communicative interaction processing from whole-body motion have not been known in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Therefore, the current study aims to examine the neural activity associated with recognition of communicative interactions in SCZ by using displays of the dyadic interactions downgraded to minimalistic point-light presentations. METHODS Twenty-six healthy controls (HC) and 25 SCZ were asked to judge whether two agents presented only by point-light displays were communicating or acting independently. Task-related activity and functional connectivity of brain structures were examined with General Linear Model and Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction approach, respectively. RESULTS HC were significantly more efficient in recognizing each type of action than SCZ. At the neural level, the activity of the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) was observed to be higher in HC compared with SCZ for communicative v. individual action processing. Importantly, increased connectivity of the right pSTS with structures associated with mentalizing (left pSTS) and mirroring networks (left frontal areas) was observed in HC, but not in SCZ, during the presentation of social interactions. CONCLUSION Under-recruitment of the right pSTS, a structure known to have a pivotal role in social processing, may also be of importance for higher-order social cognitive deficits in SCZ. Furthermore, decreased task-related connectivity of the right pSTS may result in reduced use of additional sources of information (for instance motor resonance signals) during social cognitive processing in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ł Okruszek
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Wordecha
- Clinical Neuroscience Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Jarkiewicz
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Lew-Starowicz M, Wordecha M, Sescousse G, Potenza M, Wypych M, Marchewka A, Gola M. 119 Reward processing – related orbitofrontal reactivity alterations in patients suffering from problematic pornography use. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Kowalczyk N, Shi F, Magnuski M, Skorko M, Dobrowolski P, Kossowski B, Marchewka A, Bielecki M, Kossut M, Brzezicka A. Real-time strategy video game experience and structural connectivity - A diffusion tensor imaging study. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3742-3758. [PMID: 29923660 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Experienced video game players exhibit superior performance in visuospatial cognition when compared to non-players. However, very little is known about the relation between video game experience and structural brain plasticity. To address this issue, a direct comparison of the white matter brain structure in RTS (real time strategy) video game players (VGPs) and non-players (NVGPs) was performed. We hypothesized that RTS experience can enhance connectivity within and between occipital and parietal regions, as these regions are likely to be involved in the spatial and visual abilities that are trained while playing RTS games. The possible influence of long-term RTS game play experience on brain structural connections was investigated using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and a region of interest (ROI) approach in order to describe the experience-related plasticity of white matter. Our results revealed significantly more total white matter connections between occipital and parietal areas and within occipital areas in RTS players compared to NVGPs. Additionally, the RTS group had an altered topological organization of their structural network, expressed in local efficiency within the occipito-parietal subnetwork. Furthermore, the positive association between network metrics and time spent playing RTS games suggests a close relationship between extensive, long-term RTS game play and neuroplastic changes. These results indicate that long-term and extensive RTS game experience induces alterations along axons that link structures of the occipito-parietal loop involved in spatial and visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Feng Shi
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mikolaj Magnuski
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciek Skorko
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Bartosz Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Bielecki
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kossut
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Brzezicka
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Rost-Roszkowska M, Vilimová J, Tajovský K, Šustr V, Sosinka A, Kszuk-Jendrysik M, Ostróżka A, Kaszuba F, Kamińska K, Marchewka A. The ultrastructure of the hepatic cells in millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda). ZOOL ANZ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Michałowski JM, Matuszewski J, Droździel D, Koziejowski W, Rynkiewicz A, Jednoróg K, Marchewka A. Neural response patterns in spider, blood-injection-injury and social fearful individuals: new insights from a simultaneous EEG/ECG-fMRI study. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:829-845. [PMID: 27194564 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present simultaneous EEG/ECG-fMRI study we compared the temporal and spatial characteristics of the brain responses and the cardiac activity during fear picture processing between spider, blood-injection-injury (BII) and social fearful as well as healthy (non-fearful) volunteers. All participants were presented with two neutral and six fear-related blocks of pictures: two social, two spider and two blood/injection fear blocks. In a social fear block neutral images were occasionally interspersed with photographs of angry faces and social exposure scenes. In spider and blood/injection fear blocks neutral pictures were interspersed with spider fear-relevant and blood/injection pictures, respectively. When compared to healthy controls the social fear group responded with increased activations in the anterior orbital, middle/anterior cingulate and middle/superior temporal areas for pictures depicting angry faces and with a few elevated superior frontal activations for social exposure scenes. In the blood/injection fear group, heart rate was decreased and the activity in the middle/inferior frontal and visual processing regions was increased for blood/injection pictures. The HR decrease for blood/injection pictures correlated with increased frontal responses. In the spider fear group, spider fear-relevant pictures triggered increased activations within a broad subcortical and cortical neural fear network. The HR response for spider fear-relevant stimuli was increased and correlated with an increased insula and hippocampus activity. When compared to healthy controls, all fear groups showed higher LPP amplitudes for their feared cues and an overall greater P1 hypervigilance effect. Contrasts against the fear control groups showed that the increased responses for fear-specific stimuli are mostly related to specific fears and not to general anxiety proneness. The results suggest different engagement of cognitive evaluation and down-regulation strategies and an overall increased sensitization of the fear system in the three fear groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław M Michałowski
- Department of Differential Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Matuszewski
- Department of Differential Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Centre, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Droździel
- Department of Differential Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Centre, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Koziejowski
- Department of Differential Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rynkiewicz
- Department of Differential Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Centre, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Chyl K, Kossowski B, Dębska A, Łuniewska M, Banaszkiewicz A, Żelechowska A, Frost SJ, Mencl WE, Wypych M, Marchewka A, Pugh KR, Jednoróg K. Prereader to beginning reader: changes induced by reading acquisition in print and speech brain networks. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:76-87. [PMID: 28691732 PMCID: PMC5729096 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literacy acquisition is a demanding process that induces significant changes in the brain, especially in the spoken and written language networks. Nevertheless, large-scale paediatric fMRI studies are still limited. METHODS We analyzed fMRI data to show how individual differences in reading performance correlate with brain activation for speech and print in 111 children attending kindergarten or first grade and examined group differences between a matched subset of emergent-readers and prereaders. RESULTS Across the entire cohort, individual differences analysis revealed that reading skill was positively correlated with the magnitude of activation difference between words and symbol strings in left superior temporal, inferior frontal and fusiform gyri. Group comparisons of the matched subset of pre- and emergent-readers showed higher activity for emergent-readers in left inferior frontal, precentral, and postcentral gyri. Individual differences in activation for natural versus vocoded speech were also positively correlated with reading skill, primarily in the left temporal cortex. However, in contrast to studies on adult illiterates, group comparisons revealed higher activity in prereaders compared to readers in the frontal lobes. Print-speech coactivation was observed only in readers and individual differences analyses revealed a positive correlation between convergence and reading skill in the left superior temporal sulcus. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasise that a child's brain undergoes several modifications to both visual and oral language systems in the process of learning to read. They also suggest that print-speech convergence is a hallmark of acquiring literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chyl
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Poland,Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dębska
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łuniewska
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Poland,Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Banaszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Poland
| | - Agata Żelechowska
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Poland
| | | | | | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Poland
| | - Kenneth R. Pugh
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, USA
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Poland
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Rost-Roszkowska MM, Kszuk-Jendrysik M, Marchewka A, Poprawa I. Fine structure of the midgut epithelium in the millipede Telodeinopus aoutii (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) with special emphasis on epithelial regeneration. Protoplasma 2018; 255:43-55. [PMID: 28612274 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The midgut of millipedes is composed of a simple epithelium that rests on a basal lamina, which is surrounded by visceral muscles and hepatic cells. As the material for our studies, we chose Telodeinopus aoutii (Demange, 1971) (Kenyan millipede) (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida), which lives in the rain forests of Central Africa. This commonly reared species is easy to obtain from local breeders and easy to culture in the laboratory. During our studies, we used transmission and scanning electron microscopes and light and fluorescent microscopes. The midgut epithelium of the species examined here shares similarities to the structure of the millipedes analyzed to date. The midgut epithelium is composed of three types of cells-digestive, secretory, and regenerative cells. Evidence of three types of secretion have been observed in the midgut epithelium: merocrine, apocrine, and microapocrine secretion. The regenerative cells of the midgut epithelium in millipedes fulfill the role of midgut stem cells because of their main functions: self-renewal (the ability to divide mitotically and to maintain in an undifferentiated state) and potency (ability to differentiate into digestive cells). We also confirmed that spot desmosomes are common intercellular junctions between the regenerative and digestive cells in millipedes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rost-Roszkowska
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - M Kszuk-Jendrysik
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Marchewka
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - I Poprawa
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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49
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Cygan HB, Okuniewska H, Jednoróg K, Marchewka A, Wypych M, Nowicka A. Face processing in a case of high functioning autism with developmental prosopagnosia. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2018. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2018-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Cygan HB, Okuniewska H, Jednoróg K, Marchewka A, Wypych M, Nowicka A. Face processing in a case of high functioning autism with developmental prosopagnosia. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2018; 78:114-131. [PMID: 30019703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to "read" the information about facial identity, expressed emotions, and intentions is crucial for non‑verbal social interaction. Neuroimaging and clinical studies consequently link face perception with fusiform gyrus (FG) and occipital face area (OFA) activity. Here we investigated face processing in an adult, patient PK, diagnosed with both high functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental prosopagnosia (DP). Both disorders have a significant impact on face perception and recognition, thus creating a unique neurodevelopmental condition. We used eye‑tracking and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) method. Eye‑tracking and fMRI results of PK were compared to results of control subjects. Patient PK showed atypical gaze‑fixation strategy during face perception and typical patterns of brain activations in the FG and OFA. However, a significant difference between PK and control subjects was found in the left anterior superior temporal sulcus/middle temporal gyrus (aSTS/MTG). In PK the left aSTS/MTG was hypo‑activated in comparison to the control subjects. Additionally, functional connectivity analysis revealed decreased inter‑hemispheric connectivity between right and left aSTS/MTG in 'ASD and DP' patient during face recognition performance as compared to the control subjects. The lack of activity in the left aSTS/MTG observed in the case of the clinical subject, combined with the behavioral, eye‑tracking, and neuropsychological results, suggests that impairment of the cognitive mechanism of face recognition involves higher level of processing. It seems to be related to insufficient access to semantic knowledge about the person when prompted by face stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna B Cygan
- Laboratory of Social Psychology, Department of Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland,
| | | | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wypych
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nowicka
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
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