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Bauer I, Finkel L, Gölz MS, Stoll SEM, Liepert J, Willmes K, Randerath J. Trainability of affordance judgments in right and left hemisphere stroke patients. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299705. [PMID: 38701086 PMCID: PMC11068188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Whenever we are confronted with action opportunities in everyday life, e.g., when passing an opening, we rely on our ability to precisely estimate our own bodily capabilities in relation to the environmental conditions. So-called affordance judgments can be affected after brain damage. Previous studies with healthy adults showed that such judgments appeared to be trainable within one session. In the current study, we examined whether stroke patients with either right brain damage (n = 30) or left brain damage (n = 30) may similarly profit from training in an aperture task. Further, the role of neuropsychological deficits in trainability was investigated. In the administered task, stroke patients decided whether their hand would fit into a presented opening with varying horizontal width (Aperture Task). During one training session, patients were asked to try to fit their hand into the opening and received feedback on their decisions. We analyzed accuracy and the detection theory parameters perceptual sensitivity and judgment tendency. Both patients with right brain damage and patients with left brain damage showed improved performance during training as well as post training. High variability with differential profiles of trainability was revealed in these patients. Patients with impaired performance in a visuo-spatial or motor-cognitive task appeared to profit considerably from the target-driven action phase with feedback, but the performance increase in judgments did not last when the action was withdrawn. Future studies applying lesion analysis with a larger sample may shed further light on the dissociation in the trainability of affordance judgments observed in patients with versus without visuo-spatial or motor-cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
| | - Lisa Finkel
- Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
- Psychotherapy Training Center Bodensee (apb), Konstanz, Germany
| | - Milena S. Gölz
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
| | - Sarah E. M. Stoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Liepert
- Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
| | - Klaus Willmes
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Randerath
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Health Research, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology, Outpatient Unit for Research, Teaching and Practice, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kim NG, Effken JA. Disturbance of Ecological Self and Impairment of Affordance Perception. Front Psychol 2022; 13:925359. [PMID: 35734450 PMCID: PMC9207710 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.925359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Affordance, a radical concept James Gibson introduced in the 1970s, remains controversial today. Defined as environmental properties taken with reference to an animal's anatomy and action capabilities, affordances are opportunities for action the environment offers. By perceiving affordances, organisms hold meaningful relationships with their surroundings. Affordance is not just a theoretical concept but, as the embodiment of meanings and values, has serious psychological implications. We contend that the lack of these meanings and values underlies the irrational behavior seen in patients with self disorders such as schizophrenia. We reason that it is by perceiving affordances that individuals keep in touch with their surroundings and stay mentally healthy. Using contrapositive reasoning, the reverse could also be true. That is, when individuals experience difficulty maintaining meaningful relations with their surroundings and suffer from mental health problems, we might anticipate that their affordance detection systems are impaired. In two studies conducted in our laboratory, patients with schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease were shown to have impaired capacity to perceive affordances, a result qualifying as contra-positive evidence corroborating the affordance concept. In addition, our results provide support for accepting contra-positive evidence as a complementary tool to positive evidence for empirically validating concepts such as affordance and meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Gyoon Kim
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Judith A. Effken
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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The prominent role of perceptual salience in object discrimination: overt discrimination of graspable side does not activate grasping affordances. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 85:1234-1247. [PMID: 32036443 PMCID: PMC8049942 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Responses to object stimuli are often faster when jutting handles are aligned with responding hands, than when they are not: handle-to-hand correspondence effects. According to a location coding account, locations of visually salient jutting parts determine the spatial coding of objects. This asymmetry then facilitates same-sided responses compared to responses on the opposite side. Alternatively, this effect has been attributed to grasping actions of the left or the right hand afforded by the handle orientation and independent of its salience (affordance activation account). Our experiments were designed to disentangle the effects of pure salience from those of affordance activations. We selected pictures of tools with one salient and non-graspable side, and one graspable and non-salient side (non-jutting handle). Two experiments were run. Each experiment had two groups of participants: one group discriminated the location of the salient side of the object stimuli; the other group discriminated the location of the graspable side of them. In Experiment 1, responses were left and right button presses; in Experiment 2, they were left and right button presses plus reach-and-grasp actions. When visual salience was removed from graspable sides, no correspondence effect was observed between their orientation and the responding hands in both the experiments. Conversely, when salience depended on non-graspable portions, a correspondence effect was produced between their orientation and the responding hand. Overt attention to graspable sides did not potentiate any grasping affordance even when participants executed grasping responses in addition to button presses. Results support the location coding account: performance was influenced by the spatial coding of visually salient properties of objects.
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The influence of environment potentiality (affordances) on motor development in 6–9 years old children with intellectual disability. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pellicano A, Iani C, Maiorana NV, Horoufchin H, Rubichi S, Lugli L, Nicoletti R, Binkofski F. Correspondence effect driven by salient visual asymmetries in integral object stimuli. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 84:728-742. [PMID: 30132193 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-018-1079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The handle-to-hand correspondence effect consists of faster and more accurate responses when the responding hand is aligned with the handle side of an object tool, compared to when they lay on opposite sides. This effect has been attributed to the activation of affordances. Recent studies, however, claimed that it may depend on the spatial coding of the object on the basis of its visual asymmetry (location-coding account). Affordances are namely direct and meaningful relations between recognized objects and the observers' action system. Therefore, any manipulation that disrupts the body structure of object tools could potentially affect their identification and prevent the activation of affordances. The present study investigated the nature of the handle-to-hand correspondence effects by manipulating structural asymmetry and visual salience of object tools, while preserving their integrity that is, leaving unaltered the original possibilities to activate grasping affordances. Three experiments were run. Results were consistent with the location-coding account and claim for accurate control of visual asymmetries in object stimuli during investigation of affordance effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Pellicano
- Division for Clinical and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Neurology Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Cristina Iani
- Department of Communication and Economics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale Antonio Allegri, 9, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Center of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Natale Vincenzo Maiorana
- Department of Communication and Economics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale Antonio Allegri, 9, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Houpand Horoufchin
- Division for Clinical and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Neurology Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandro Rubichi
- Center of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy.,Department of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale Antonio Allegri, 15, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luisa Lugli
- Department of Philosophy and Communication, University of Bologna, Via Azzo Gardino 23, 40122, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Nicoletti
- Department of Philosophy and Communication, University of Bologna, Via Azzo Gardino 23, 40122, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ferdinand Binkofski
- Division for Clinical and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Neurology Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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