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Aung MH, Aleman TS, Garcia AS, McGeehan B, Ying GS, Avery RA. Stimulus type and duration affect magnitude and evolution of flicker-induced hyperemia measured by laser speckle flowgraphy at the optic disc and peripapillary vessels. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6659. [PMID: 38509194 PMCID: PMC10954713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling is a vital mechanism employed by the cerebrovascular system, including the eye, to regulate blood flow in periods of neuronal activation. This study aims to investigate if laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) can detect coupling response elicited by flickering light stimuli and how variations in stimulus type and duration can affect the magnitude and evolution of blood flow in the optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary vessels. Healthy adults were exposed to two types of 10-Hz flicker stimuli: a photopic negative response-like stimulus (PhNR-S) or a visual evoked potential-like stimulus (VEP-S)-each presented in separate 10- and 60-s epochs. Both PhNR-S and VEP-S significantly increased ONH blood flow (p < 0.001) immediately after flicker cessation, with a trend of 60-s stimuli (PhNR-S = 11.6%; VEP-S = 10.4%) producing a larger response than 10-s stimuli (PhNR-S = 7.5%; VEP-S = 6.2%). Moreover, exposure to 60-s stimuli elicited a significantly prolonged ONH hyperemic response, especially with PhNR-S. Lastly, stimulation with either 60-s stimuli elicited a robust increase in blood flow within the peripapillary arterioles (p < 0.01) and venules (p < 0.01) as well. Flicker stimulation with common visual electrophysiology stimuli (PhNR-S and VEP-S) induced a demonstrable increase in ONH and peripapillary vessel blood flow, which varied with flicker duration. Our results validate that LSFG is a robust method to quantify flicker-induced hyperemic responses and to study neurovascular coupling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe H Aung
- Departments of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Tomas S Aleman
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arielle S Garcia
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brendan McGeehan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert A Avery
- Departments of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Wang ZJ, Lee HC, Chuang CH, Hsiao FC, Lee SH, Hsu AL, Wu CW. Traces of EEG-fMRI coupling reveals neurovascular dynamics on sleep inertia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1537. [PMID: 38233587 PMCID: PMC10794702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Upon emergence from sleep, individuals experience temporary hypo-vigilance and grogginess known as sleep inertia. During the transient period of vigilance recovery from prior nocturnal sleep, the neurovascular coupling (NVC) may not be static and constant as assumed by previous neuroimaging studies. Stemming from this viewpoint of sleep inertia, this study aims to probe the NVC changes as awakening time prolongs using simultaneous EEG-fMRI. The time-lagged coupling between EEG features of vigilance and BOLD-fMRI signals, in selected regions of interest, was calculated with one pre-sleep and three consecutive post-awakening resting-state measures. We found marginal changes in EEG theta/beta ratio and spectral slope across post-awakening sessions, demonstrating alterations of vigilance during sleep inertia. Time-varying EEG-fMRI coupling as awakening prolonged was evidenced by the changing time lags of the peak correlation between EEG alpha-vigilance and fMRI-thalamus, as well as EEG spectral slope and fMRI-anterior cingulate cortex. This study provides the first evidence of potential dynamicity of NVC occurred in sleep inertia and opens new avenues for non-invasive neuroimaging investigations into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying brain state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong John Wang
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, 5 Floor, 301, Yuantong Rd., Zhonghe Dist, New Taipei, 235040, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chien Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chuang
- Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Chi Hsiao
- Department of Counseling, Clinical and Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Hua Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 259, Wenhua 1St Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ling Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 259, Wenhua 1St Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
- Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Changwei W Wu
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, 5 Floor, 301, Yuantong Rd., Zhonghe Dist, New Taipei, 235040, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Bröhl T, Rings T, Pukropski J, von Wrede R, Lehnertz K. The time-evolving epileptic brain network: concepts, definitions, accomplishments, perspectives. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 3:1338864. [PMID: 38293249 PMCID: PMC10825060 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1338864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is now considered a network disease that affects the brain across multiple levels of spatial and temporal scales. The paradigm shift from an epileptic focus-a discrete cortical area from which seizures originate-to a widespread epileptic network-spanning lobes and hemispheres-considerably advanced our understanding of epilepsy and continues to influence both research and clinical treatment of this multi-faceted high-impact neurological disorder. The epileptic network, however, is not static but evolves in time which requires novel approaches for an in-depth characterization. In this review, we discuss conceptual basics of network theory and critically examine state-of-the-art recording techniques and analysis tools used to assess and characterize a time-evolving human epileptic brain network. We give an account on current shortcomings and highlight potential developments towards an improved clinical management of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Bröhl
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Radiation and Nuclear Physics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rings
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Radiation and Nuclear Physics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Pukropski
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Randi von Wrede
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Lehnertz
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Radiation and Nuclear Physics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Complex Systems, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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4
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Yang S, Webb AJS. Associations between neurovascular coupling and cerebral small vessel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Stroke J 2023; 8:895-903. [PMID: 37697725 PMCID: PMC10683738 DOI: 10.1177/23969873231196981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) remains elusive despite evidence of an association between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and endothelial cerebrovascular dysfunction. Neurovascular coupling (NVC) may be a practical alternative measure of endothelial function. We performed a systematic review of reported associations between NVC and cSVD. METHODS EMBASE and PubMed were searched for studies reporting an association between any STRIVE-defined marker of cSVD and a measure of NVC during functional magnetic resonance imaging, transcranial Doppler, positron emission tomography, near-infrared spectroscopy or single-photon emission computed tomography, from inception to November 3rd, 2022. Where quantitative data was available from studies using consistent tests and analyses, results were combined by inverse-variance weighted random effects meta-analysis. FINDINGS Of 29 studies (19 case-controls; 10 cohorts), 26 reported decreased NVC with increasing severity of cSVD, of which 18 were individually significant. In 28 studies reporting associations with increasing WMH, 25 reported reduced NVC. Other markers of cSVD were associated with reduced NVC in: eight of nine studies with cerebral microbleeds (six showing a significant effect); three of five studies with lacunar stroke; no studies reported an association with enlarged perivascular spaces. Specific SVD diseases were particularly associated with reduced NVC, including six out of seven studies in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and all four studies in CADASIL. In limited meta-analyses, %BOLD occipital change to a visual stimulus was consistently reduced with more severe WMH (seven studies, SMD -1.51, p < 0.01) and increasing microbleeds (seven studies, SMD -1.31, p < 0.01). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In multiple, small studies, neurovascular coupling was reduced in patients with increasing severity of all markers of cSVD in sporadic disease, CAA and CADASIL. Cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction, manifest as impaired NVC, may be a common marker of physiological dysfunction due to small vessel injury that can be easily measured in large studies and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alastair John Stewart Webb
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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James S, Sanggaard S, Akif A, Mishra SK, Sanganahalli BG, Blumenfeld H, Verhagen JV, Hyder F, Herman P. Spatiotemporal features of neurovascular (un)coupling with stimulus-induced activity and hypercapnia challenge in cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1891-1904. [PMID: 37340791 PMCID: PMC10676132 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231183887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is traditionally considered as metabolic waste, yet its regulation is critical for brain function. It is well accepted that hypercapnia initiates vasodilation, but its effect on neuronal activity is less clear. Distinguishing how stimulus- and CO2-induced vasodilatory responses are (dis)associated with neuronal activity has profound clinical and experimental relevance. We used an optical method in mice to simultaneously image fluorescent calcium (Ca2+) transients from neurons and reflectometric hemodynamic signals during brief sensory stimuli (i.e., hindpaw, odor) and CO2 exposure (i.e., 5%). Stimuli-induced neuronal and hemodynamic responses swiftly increased within locally activated regions exhibiting robust neurovascular coupling. However, hypercapnia produced slower global vasodilation which was temporally uncoupled to neuronal deactivation. With trends consistent across cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb as well as data from GCaMP6f/jRGECO1a mice (i.e., green/red Ca2+ fluorescence), these results unequivocally reveal that stimuli and CO2 generate comparable vasodilatory responses but contrasting neuronal responses. In summary, observations of stimuli-induced regional neurovascular coupling and CO2-induced global neurovascular uncoupling call for careful appraisal when using CO2 in gas mixtures to affect vascular tone and/or neuronal excitability, because CO2 is both a potent vasomodulator and a neuromodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun James
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Simon Sanggaard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adil Akif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sandeep K Mishra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Hal Blumenfeld
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Justus V Verhagen
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter Herman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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6
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O’Donnell CM, Barrett DW, O’Connor P, Gonzalez-Lima F. Prefrontal photobiomodulation produces beneficial mitochondrial and oxygenation effects in older adults with bipolar disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1268955. [PMID: 38027522 PMCID: PMC10644301 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1268955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypometabolism in bipolar disorder (BD). Older adults with BD exhibit greater decline in PFC-related neurocognitive functions than is expected for age-matched controls, and clinical interventions intended for mood stabilization are not targeted to prevent or ameliorate mitochondrial deficits and neurocognitive decline in this population. Transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) is a non-invasive form of photobiomodulation, in which photons delivered to the PFC photo-oxidize the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme, cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO), a major intracellular photon acceptor in photobiomodulation. TILS at 1064-nm can significantly upregulate oxidized CCO concentrations to promote differential levels of oxygenated vs. deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbD), an index of cerebral oxygenation. The objective of this controlled study was to use non-invasive broadband near-infrared spectroscopy to assess if TILS to bilateral PFC (Brodmann area 10) produces beneficial effects on mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolism (oxidized CCO) and cerebral oxygenation (HbD) in older (≥50 years old) euthymic adults with BD (N = 15). As compared to sham, TILS to the PFC in adults with BD increased oxidized CCO both during and after TILS, and increased HbD concentrations after TILS. By significantly increasing oxidized CCO and HbD concentrations above sham levels, TILS has the potential ability to stabilize mitochondrial oxidative energy production and prevent oxidative damage in the PFC of adults with BD. In conclusion, TILS was both safe and effective in enhancing metabolic function and subsequent hemodynamic responses in the PFC, which might help alleviate the accelerated neurocognitive decline and dysfunctional mitochondria present in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. O’Donnell
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Douglas W. Barrett
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Patrick O’Connor
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - F. Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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7
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Li B, Liu Y, Liu J, Sun H, Feng Y, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Cerebral multi-autoregulation model based enhanced external counterpulsation treatment planning for cerebral ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1764-1778. [PMID: 37254770 PMCID: PMC10581230 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231179542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) treatment for cerebral ischemic stroke patients with differing severity of stenosis, is subject to uncertainties due to the varying effects of the cerebral autoregulation mechanism on haemodynamics. The current study reports the development of a cerebral multi-autoregulation (MR) mathematical model, based on cerebral arteriole regulation of neurogenic, vascular smooth muscle reflex and shear stress mechanisms which takes into account the severity of stenosis. The model was evaluated by comparison to authentic clinical measurements of cerebral autoregulatory efficiency. Then it was applied to a 0D/3D geometric multi-scale haemodynamic model of a cerebral artery. Haemodynamic indicators were calculated under different pressurization durations of EECP to evaluate the efficacy for different stenosis lesions. Moderate stenosis of 50% to 60% produced excessive time-averaged wall shear stress in the distal area of the stenosis (>7 Pa) during prolonged pressurization and may result in damage to vascular endothelial cells. However, prolonged pressurization did not result in haemodynamic risk for severe stenosis of 70% to 80%, indicating that the duration of pressurization may be extended with increasing severity of stenosis. The current MR model accurately simulated cerebral blood flow and has relevance to the simulation of cerebral haemodynamics in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Youjun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yili Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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8
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Almasri RM, Ladouceur F, Mawad D, Esrafilzadeh D, Firth J, Lehmann T, Poole-Warren LA, Lovell NH, Al Abed A. Emerging trends in the development of flexible optrode arrays for electrophysiology. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031503. [PMID: 37692375 PMCID: PMC10491464 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical-electrode (optrode) arrays use light to modulate excitable biological tissues and/or transduce bioelectrical signals into the optical domain. Light offers several advantages over electrical wiring, including the ability to encode multiple data channels within a single beam. This approach is at the forefront of innovation aimed at increasing spatial resolution and channel count in multichannel electrophysiology systems. This review presents an overview of devices and material systems that utilize light for electrophysiology recording and stimulation. The work focuses on the current and emerging methods and their applications, and provides a detailed discussion of the design and fabrication of flexible arrayed devices. Optrode arrays feature components non-existent in conventional multi-electrode arrays, such as waveguides, optical circuitry, light-emitting diodes, and optoelectronic and light-sensitive functional materials, packaged in planar, penetrating, or endoscopic forms. Often these are combined with dielectric and conductive structures and, less frequently, with multi-functional sensors. While creating flexible optrode arrays is feasible and necessary to minimize tissue-device mechanical mismatch, key factors must be considered for regulatory approval and clinical use. These include the biocompatibility of optical and photonic components. Additionally, material selection should match the operating wavelength of the specific electrophysiology application, minimizing light scattering and optical losses under physiologically induced stresses and strains. Flexible and soft variants of traditionally rigid photonic circuitry for passive optical multiplexing should be developed to advance the field. We evaluate fabrication techniques against these requirements. We foresee a future whereby established telecommunications techniques are engineered into flexible optrode arrays to enable unprecedented large-scale high-resolution electrophysiology systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M. Almasri
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Josiah Firth
- Australian National Fabrication Facility, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Torsten Lehmann
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | | | - Amr Al Abed
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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9
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Anaya D, Batra G, Bracewell P, Catoen R, Chakraborty D, Chevillet M, Damodara P, Dominguez A, Emms L, Jiang Z, Kim E, Klumb K, Lau F, Le R, Li J, Mateo B, Matloff L, Mehta A, Mugler EM, Murthy A, Nakagome S, Orendorff R, Saung EF, Schwarz R, Sethi R, Sevile R, Srivastava A, Sundberg J, Yang Y, Yin A. Scalable, modular continuous wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy system (Spotlight). JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:065003. [PMID: 37325190 PMCID: PMC10261976 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.6.065003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Significance We present a fiberless, portable, and modular continuous wave-functional near-infrared spectroscopy system, Spotlight, consisting of multiple palm-sized modules-each containing high-density light-emitting diode and silicon photomultiplier detector arrays embedded in a flexible membrane that facilitates optode coupling to scalp curvature. Aim Spotlight's goal is to be a more portable, accessible, and powerful functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device for neuroscience and brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. We hope that the Spotlight designs we share here can spur more advances in fNIRS technology and better enable future non-invasive neuroscience and BCI research. Approach We report sensor characteristics in system validation on phantoms and motor cortical hemodynamic responses in a human finger-tapping experiment, where subjects wore custom 3D-printed caps with two sensor modules. Results The task conditions can be decoded offline with a median accuracy of 69.6%, reaching 94.7% for the best subject, and at a comparable accuracy in real time for a subset of subjects. We quantified how well the custom caps fitted to each subject and observed that better fit leads to more observed task-dependent hemodynamic response and better decoding accuracy. Conclusions The advances presented here should serve to make fNIRS more accessible for BCI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Anaya
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Gautam Batra
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | | | - Ryan Catoen
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | | | - Mark Chevillet
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | | | | | - Laurence Emms
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Zifan Jiang
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Ealgoo Kim
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Keith Klumb
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Frances Lau
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Rosemary Le
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Jamie Li
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Brett Mateo
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Laura Matloff
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Asha Mehta
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | | | - Akansh Murthy
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Sho Nakagome
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Ryan Orendorff
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - E-Fann Saung
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Roland Schwarz
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Ruben Sethi
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Rudy Sevile
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | | | - John Sundberg
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Ying Yang
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
| | - Allen Yin
- Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, California, United States
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10
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Hsu AL, Li MK, Kung YC, Wang ZJ, Lee HC, Li CW, Huang CWC, Wu CW. Temporal consistency of neurovascular components on awakening: preliminary evidence from electroencephalography, cerebrovascular reactivity, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1058721. [PMID: 37215667 PMCID: PMC10196490 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1058721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep inertia (SI) is a time period during the transition from sleep to wakefulness wherein individuals perceive low vigilance with cognitive impairments; SI is generally identified by longer reaction times (RTs) in attention tasks immediately after awakening followed by a gradual RT reduction along with waking time. The sluggish recovery of vigilance in SI involves a dynamic process of brain functions, as evidenced in recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in within-network and between-network connectivity. However, these fMRI findings were generally based on the presumption of unchanged neurovascular coupling (NVC) before and after sleep, which remains an uncertain factor to be investigated. Therefore, we recruited 12 young participants to perform a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and a breath-hold task of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) before sleep and thrice after awakening (A1, A2, and A3, with 20 min intervals in between) using simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)-fMRI recordings. If the NVC were to hold in SI, we hypothesized that time-varying consistencies could be found between the fMRI response and EEG beta power, but not in neuron-irrelevant CVR. Results showed that the reduced accuracy and increased RT in the PVT upon awakening was consistent with the temporal patterns of the PVT-induced fMRI responses (thalamus, insula, and primary motor cortex) and the EEG beta power (Pz and CP1). The neuron-irrelevant CVR did not show the same time-varying pattern among the brain regions associated with PVT. Our findings imply that the temporal dynamics of fMRI indices upon awakening are dominated by neural activities. This is the first study to explore the temporal consistencies of neurovascular components on awakening, and the discovery provides a neurophysiological basis for further neuroimaging studies regarding SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ling Hsu
- Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kang Li
- Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Kung
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhitong John Wang
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chien Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Changwei W. Wu
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Gong J, Stickland RC, Bright MG. Hemodynamic timing in resting-state and breathing-task BOLD fMRI. Neuroimage 2023; 274:120120. [PMID: 37072074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood flow response to a vasoactive stimulus demonstrates regional heterogeneity across both the healthy brain and in cerebrovascular pathology. The timing of a regional hemodynamic response is emerging as an important biomarker of cerebrovascular dysfunction, as well as a confound within fMRI analyses. Previous research demonstrated that hemodynamic timing is more robustly characterized when a larger systemic vascular response is evoked by a breathing challenge, compared to when only spontaneous fluctuations in vascular physiology are present (i.e., in resting-state data). However, it is not clear whether hemodynamic delays in these two conditions are physiologically interchangeable, and how methodological signal-to-noise factors may limit their agreement. To address this, we generated whole-brain maps of hemodynamic delays in nine healthy adults. We assessed the agreement of voxel-wise gray matter (GM) hemodynamic delays between two conditions: resting-state and breath-holding. We found that delay values demonstrated poor agreement when considering all GM voxels, but increasingly greater agreement when limiting analyses to voxels showing strong correlation with the GM mean time-series. Voxels showing the strongest agreement with the GM mean time-series were primarily located near large venous vessels, however these voxels explain some, but not all, of the observed agreement in timing. Increasing the degree of spatial smoothing of the fMRI data enhanced the correlation between individual voxel time-series and the GM mean time-series. These results suggest that signal-to-noise factors may be limiting the accuracy of voxel-wise timing estimates and hence their agreement between the two data segments. In conclusion, caution must be taken when using voxel-wise delay estimates from resting-state and breathing-task data interchangeably, and additional work is needed to evaluate their relative sensitivity and specificity to aspects of vascular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Rachael C Stickland
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Molly G Bright
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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12
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Chaliha DR, Vaccarezza M, Corti E, Takechi R, Dhaliwal SS, Drummond P, Visser E, Chen FK, Charng J, Lam V, Mamo JC. L-arginine and aged garlic extract for the prevention of migraine: a study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase-II trial (LARGE trial). BMC Neurol 2023; 23:122. [PMID: 36973718 PMCID: PMC10041759 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Migraine is a common and distressing neurological condition characterised by recurrent throbbing headaches, nausea and heightened sensitivity to light and sound. Accumulating evidence suggests that cerebral arteries dilate during migraine, causing distal microvessels to constrict, which could activate nociceptors and cause onset of headache pain. If so, preventing or attenuating chronic microvascular constriction, and promoting a dilatory phenotype, may reduce frequency and/or severity of migraines. The primary aim of the L-Arginine and Aged Garlic Extract (LARGE) trial is to investigate whether oral treatment with dietary nutraceuticals, L-arginine and aged garlic extract (AGE), both systemic vasodilatory agents, will alleviate migraine frequency, duration and severity in adults with chronic frequent episodic migraines. Methods The study is a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled phase-II single-site clinical trial conducted in Perth, Australia. The target sample is to recruit 240 participants diagnosed with chronic frequent episodic migraines between 18 and 80 years of age. Participants will be randomised to one of four treatment groups for 14 weeks (placebo induction for 2 weeks, followed by 12 weeks on one of the respective treatment arms): placebo, L-arginine, AGE, or a combination of L-arginine and AGE. The doses of L-arginine and AGE are 1.5 g and 1 g daily, respectively. The primary outcome is to assess migraine response using change in migraine frequency and intensity between baseline and 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes include the impact of L-arginine and/or AGE on photosensitivity, retinal vessel changes, and blood biomarker concentrations of vascular tone, following a 12-week intervention. Discussion The protocol describes the oral administration of 2 nutraceutical-based interventions as possible prophylactic treatments for chronic frequent episodic migraines, with potential for direct clinical translation of outcomes. Potential limitations of the study include the fixed-dose design of each treatment arm and that in vivo neuroimaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), will not be conducted to determine putative cerebro-vasodilatory changes to coincide with the outcome measures. Dose-response studies may be indicated. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621001476820 (Universal Trial Number: U1111-1268-1117) on 04/08/2021. This is protocol version 1, submitted on 25/11/2022. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-023-03149-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devahuti R. Chaliha
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Emily Corti
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Ryusuke Takechi
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Satvinder S. Dhaliwal
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- grid.443365.30000 0004 0388 6484Singapore University of Social Sciences, 463 Clementi Road, Clementi, 599494 Singapore
| | - Peter Drummond
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education (SHEE), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA Australia
| | - Eric Visser
- grid.266886.40000 0004 0402 6494School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Fred K. Chen
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XOphthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason Charng
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - John C.L. Mamo
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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13
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Rassler B, Blinowska K, Kaminski M, Pfurtscheller G. Analysis of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Directed Information Flow between Brain and Body Indicate Different Management Strategies of fMRI-Related Anxiety. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041028. [PMID: 37189642 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) denotes decrease of cardiac beat-to-beat intervals (RRI) during inspiration and RRI increase during expiration, but an inverse pattern (termed negative RSA) was also found in healthy humans with elevated anxiety. It was detected using wave-by-wave analysis of cardiorespiratory rhythms and was considered to reflect a strategy of anxiety management involving the activation of a neural pacemaker. Results were consistent with slow breathing, but contained uncertainty at normal breathing rates (0.2–0.4 Hz). Objectives and methods: We combined wave-by-wave analysis and directed information flow analysis to obtain information on anxiety management at higher breathing rates. We analyzed cardiorespiratory rhythms and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals from the brainstem and cortex in 10 healthy fMRI participants with elevated anxiety. Results: Three subjects with slow respiratory, RRI, and neural BOLD oscillations showed 57 ± 26% negative RSA and significant anxiety reduction by 54 ± 9%. Six participants with breathing rate of ~0.3 Hz showed 41 ± 16% negative RSA and weaker anxiety reduction. They presented significant information flow from RRI to respiration and from the middle frontal cortex to the brainstem, which may result from respiration-entrained brain oscillations, indicating another anxiety management strategy. Conclusion: The two analytical approaches applied here indicate at least two different anxiety management strategies in healthy subjects.
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14
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Soloukey S, Vincent AJPE, Smits M, De Zeeuw CI, Koekkoek SKE, Dirven CMF, Kruizinga P. Functional imaging of the exposed brain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1087912. [PMID: 36845427 PMCID: PMC9947297 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1087912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
When the brain is exposed, such as after a craniotomy in neurosurgical procedures, we are provided with the unique opportunity for real-time imaging of brain functionality. Real-time functional maps of the exposed brain are vital to ensuring safe and effective navigation during these neurosurgical procedures. However, current neurosurgical practice has yet to fully harness this potential as it pre-dominantly relies on inherently limited techniques such as electrical stimulation to provide functional feedback to guide surgical decision-making. A wealth of especially experimental imaging techniques show unique potential to improve intra-operative decision-making and neurosurgical safety, and as an added bonus, improve our fundamental neuroscientific understanding of human brain function. In this review we compare and contrast close to twenty candidate imaging techniques based on their underlying biological substrate, technical characteristics and ability to meet clinical constraints such as compatibility with surgical workflow. Our review gives insight into the interplay between technical parameters such sampling method, data rate and a technique's real-time imaging potential in the operating room. By the end of the review, the reader will understand why new, real-time volumetric imaging techniques such as functional Ultrasound (fUS) and functional Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (fPACT) hold great clinical potential for procedures in especially highly eloquent areas, despite the higher data rates involved. Finally, we will highlight the neuroscientific perspective on the exposed brain. While different neurosurgical procedures ask for different functional maps to navigate surgical territories, neuroscience potentially benefits from all these maps. In the surgical context we can uniquely combine healthy volunteer studies, lesion studies and even reversible lesion studies in in the same individual. Ultimately, individual cases will build a greater understanding of human brain function in general, which in turn will improve neurosurgeons' future navigational efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Soloukey
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands,Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Marion Smits
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy for Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pieter Kruizinga
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Pieter Kruizinga,
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15
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Kim KS, Jeon MT, Kim ES, Lee CH, Kim DG. Activation of NMDA receptors in brain endothelial cells increases transcellular permeability. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:70. [PMID: 36068542 PMCID: PMC9450318 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling is a precise mechanism that induces increased blood flow to activated brain regions, thereby providing oxygen and glucose. In this study, we hypothesized that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling, the most well characterized neurotransmitter signaling system which regulates delivery of essential molecules through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Upon application of NMDA in both in vitro and in vivo models, increased delivery of bioactive molecules that was mediated through modulation of molecules involved in molecular delivery, including clathrin and caveolin were observed. Also, NMDA activation induced structural changes in the BBB and increased transcellular permeability that showed regional heterogeneity in its responses. Moreover, NMDA receptor activation increased endosomal trafficking and facilitated inactivation of lysosomal pathways and consequently increased molecular delivery mediated by activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and RhoA/protein kinase C (PKC). Subsequent in vivo experiments using mice specifically lacking NMDA receptor subunit 1 in endothelial cells showed decreased neuronal density in the brain cortex, suggesting that a deficiency in NMDA receptor signaling in brain endothelial cells induces neuronal losses. Together, these results highlight the importance of NMDA-receptor-mediated signaling in the regulation of BBB permeability that surprisingly also affected CD31 staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Sung Kim
- Neuroimmunology Lab, Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Min Tae Jeon
- Neuroimmunology Lab, Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Eun Seon Kim
- Neuroimmunology Lab, Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Neuroimmunology Lab, Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Neuroimmunology Lab, Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
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16
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Mann‐Krzisnik D, Mitsis GD. Extracting electrophysiological correlates of functional magnetic resonance imaging data using the canonical polyadic decomposition. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4045-4073. [PMID: 35567768 PMCID: PMC9374895 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The relation between electrophysiology and BOLD-fMRI requires further elucidation. One approach for studying this relation is to find time-frequency features from electrophysiology that explain the variance of BOLD time-series. Convolution of these features with a canonical hemodynamic response function (HRF) is often required to model neurovascular coupling mechanisms and thus account for time shifts between electrophysiological and BOLD-fMRI data. We propose a framework for extracting the spatial distribution of these time-frequency features while also estimating more flexible, region-specific HRFs. The core component of this method is the decomposition of a tensor containing impulse response functions using the Canonical Polyadic Decomposition. The outputs of this decomposition provide insight into the relation between electrophysiology and BOLD-fMRI and can be used to construct estimates of BOLD time-series. We demonstrated the performance of this method on simulated data while also examining the effects of simulated measurement noise and physiological confounds. Afterwards, we validated our method on publicly available task-based and resting-state EEG-fMRI data. We adjusted our method to accommodate the multisubject nature of these datasets, enabling the investigation of inter-subject variability with regards to EEG-to-BOLD neurovascular coupling mechanisms. We thus also demonstrate how EEG features for modelling the BOLD signal differ across subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Mann‐Krzisnik
- Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical EngineeringMcGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
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17
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Leacy JK, Johnson EM, Lavoie LR, Macilwraith DN, Bambury M, Martin JA, Lucking EF, Linares AM, Saran G, Sheehan DP, Sharma N, Day TA, O'Halloran KD. Variation within the visually evoked neurovascular coupling response of the posterior cerebral artery is not influenced by age or sex. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:335-348. [PMID: 35771218 PMCID: PMC9359642 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00292.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is the temporal and spatial coordination between local neuronal activity and regional cerebral blood flow. The literature is unsettled on whether age and/or sex affect NVC, which may relate to differences in methodology and the quantification of NVC in small sample-sized studies. The aim of this study was to 1) determine the relative and combined contribution of age and sex to the variation observed across several distinct NVC metrics (n = 125, 21–66 yr; 41 males) and 2) present an approach for the comprehensive systematic assessment of the NVC response using transcranial Doppler ultrasound. NVC was measured as the relative change from baseline (absolute and percent change) assessing peak, mean, and total area under the curve (tAUC) of cerebral blood velocity through the posterior cerebral artery (PCAv) during intermittent photic stimulation. In addition, the NVC waveform was compartmentalized into distinct regions, acute (0–9 s), mid (10–19 s), and late (20–30 s), following the onset of photic stimulation. Hierarchical multiple regression modeling was used to determine the extent of variation within each NVC metric attributable to demographic differences in age and sex. After controlling for differences in baseline PCAv, the R2 data suggest that 1.6%, 6.1%, 1.1%, 3.4%, 2.5%, and 4.2% of the variance observed within mean, peak, tAUC, acute, mid, and late response magnitude is attributable to the combination of age and sex. Our study reveals that variability in NVC response magnitude is independent of age and sex in healthy human participants, aged 21–66 yr. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We assessed the variability within the neurovascular coupling response attributable to age and sex (n = 125, 21–66 yr; 41 male). Based on the assessment of posterior cerebral artery responses to visual stimulation, 0%–6% of the variance observed within several metrics of NVC response magnitude are attributable to the combination of age and sex. Therefore, observed differences between age groups and/or sexes are likely a result of other physiological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack K Leacy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily M Johnson
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lauren R Lavoie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Diane N Macilwraith
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Megan Bambury
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A Martin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric F Lucking
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrea M Linares
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gurkarn Saran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dwayne P Sheehan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nishan Sharma
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Trevor A Day
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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18
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de Souza Moura B, Hu XS, DosSantos MF, DaSilva AF. Study Protocol of tDCS Based Pain Modulation in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Under Chemoradiation Therapy Condition: An fNIRS-EEG Study. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:859988. [PMID: 35721312 PMCID: PMC9200064 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.859988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMultiple therapeutic strategies have been adopted to reduce pain, odynophagia, and oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients. Among them, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) represents a unique analgesic modality. However, the details of tDCS mechanisms in pain treatment are still unclear.Aims(1) to study the analgesic effects of a protocol that encompassed supervised-remote and in-clinic tDCS sessions applied in head and neck patients undergoing chemoradiation therapy; (2) to explore the underlining brain mechanisms of such modulation process, using a novel protocol that combined functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and electroencephalograph (EEG), two distinct neuroimaging methods that bring information regarding changes in the hemodynamic as well as in the electrical activity of the brain, respectively.MethodsThis proof-of-concept study was performed on two subjects. The study protocol included a 7-week-long tDCS stimulation procedure, a pre-tDCS baseline session, and two post-tDCS follow-up sessions. Two types of tDCS devices were used. One was used in the clinical setting and the other remotely. Brain imaging was obtained in weeks 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, and after 1 month.ResultsThe protocol implemented was safe and reliable. Preliminary results of the fNIRS analysis in weeks 2 and 7 showed a decrease in functional connections between the bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the primary sensory cortex (S1) (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Changes in EEG power spectra were found in the PFC when comparing the seventh with the first week of tDCS.ConclusionThe protocol combining remote and in-clinic administered tDCS and integrated fNIRS and EEG to evaluate the brain activity is feasible. The preliminary results suggest that the mechanisms of tDCS in reducing the pain of head and neck cancer patients may be related to its effects on the connections between the S1 and the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda de Souza Moura
- Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Laboratório de Propriedades Mecânicas e Biologia Celular (PropBio), Departamento de Prótese e Materiais Dentários, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Xiao-Su Hu
- Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marcos F. DosSantos
- Laboratório de Propriedades Mecânicas e Biologia Celular (PropBio), Departamento de Prótese e Materiais Dentários, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Marcos F. DosSantos ;
| | - Alexandre F. DaSilva
- Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Alexandre F. DaSilva
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19
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Pfurtscheller G, Blinowska KJ, Kaminski M, Rassler B, Klimesch W. Processing of fMRI-related anxiety and information flow between brain and body revealed a preponderance of oscillations at 0.15/0.16 Hz. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9117. [PMID: 35650314 PMCID: PMC9160010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow oscillations of different center frequencies and their coupling play an important role in brain-body interactions. The crucial question analyzed by us is, whether the low frequency (LF) band (0.05-0.15 Hz) or the intermediate frequency (IMF) band (0.1-0.2 Hz) is more eminent in respect of the information flow between body (heart rate and respiration) and BOLD signals in cortex and brainstem. A recently published study with the LF band in fMRI-naïve subjects revealed an intensive information flow from the cortex to the brainstem and a weaker flow from the brainstem to the cortex. The comparison of both bands revealed a significant information flow from the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) to the precentral gyrus (PCG) and from brainstem to PCG only in the IMF band. This pattern of directed coupling between slow oscillations in the cortex and brainstem not only supports the existence of a pacemaker-like structure in brainstem, but provides first evidence that oscillations centered at 0.15/0.16 Hz can also emerge in brain networks. BOLD oscillations in resting states are dominating at ~ 0.08 Hz and respiratory rates at ~ 0.32 Hz. Therefore, the frequency component at ~ 0.16 Hz (doubling-halving 0.08 Hz or 0.32 Hz) is of special interest, because phase coupled oscillations can reduce the energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Pfurtscheller
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
| | - Katarzyna J Blinowska
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4 St., 02-109, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kaminski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beate Rassler
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Klimesch
- Centre of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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20
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Bai T, Yu S, Feng J. Advances in the Role of Endothelial Cells in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:861714. [PMID: 35481273 PMCID: PMC9035937 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.861714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) poses a serious socio-economic burden due to its high prevalence and severe impact on the quality of life of elderly patients. Pathological changes in CSVD mainly influence small cerebral arteries, microarteries, capillaries, and small veins, which are usually caused by multiple vascular risk factors. CSVD is often identified on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by recent small subcortical infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, lacune, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVSs), and brain atrophy. Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is earlier than clinical symptoms. Immune activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress may be potential mechanisms of EC injury. ECs of the blood–brain–barrier (BBB) are the most important part of the neurovascular unit (NVU) that ensures constant blood flow to the brain. Impaired cerebral vascular autoregulation and disrupted BBB cause cumulative brain damage. This review will focus on the role of EC injury in CSVD. Furthermore, several specific biomarkers will be discussed, which may be useful for us to assess the endothelial dysfunction and explore new therapeutic directions.
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Overview of (f)MRI Studies of Cognitive Aging for Non-Experts: Looking through the Lens of Neuroimaging. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030416. [PMID: 35330167 PMCID: PMC8953678 DOI: 10.3390/life12030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This special issue concerning Brain Functional and Structural Connectivity and Cognition aims to expand our understanding of brain connectivity. Herein, I review related topics including the principle and concepts of functional MRI, brain activation, and functional/structural connectivity in aging for uninitiated readers. Visuospatial attention, one of the well-studied functions in aging, is discussed from the perspective of neuroimaging.
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22
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Milanlioglu A, Yaman A, Kolukisa M, Asil T. Evaluation of cerebral hemodynamic status in patients with unilateral symptomatic carotid artery stenosis during motor tasks, through use of transcranial Doppler sonography. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 80:339-343. [PMID: 35019075 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid artery stenosis increases cerebral ischemic event risk through changing different cerebral hemodynamic parameters. OBJECTIVE To investigate how cerebral hemodynamics in the M1 segment of middle cerebral artery change in patients with carotid artery stenosis, after motor tasks using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). METHODS Thirty-two healthy subjects and 30 patients with unilateral symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were recruited. The patient population was divided into three groups according to the degree of stenosis (group 1: ≥50 to 69%, group 2: 70 to 89% and group 3: ≥90 to 99%). TCD was used to measure the pulsatility index (PI) and cerebral vasomotor reactivity (CVR). RESULTS In the patient group, significant differences for symptomatic side PI values (p=0.01) and mean CVR increases (p=0.05) were observed, compared with the healthy controls. However, the difference was not statistically significant for asymptomatic side PI values and mean CVR increases. The results from the intergroup comparison showed significantly higher percentages of symptomatic and asymptomatic side CVR increases in group 1, compared with groups 2 and 3 (p=0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that cerebral autoregulation and hemodynamic mechanisms are impaired in patients with carotid artery stenosis. Furthermore, the impairment of PI and CVR tends to get worse with increasing degrees of stenosis. In addition, this study demonstrated that assessment of these two hemodynamic parameters in clinical practice might be helpful for monitoring the progress of carotid artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Milanlioglu
- Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Van, Turkey
| | - Aslı Yaman
- Bezmialem Vakıf University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kolukisa
- Bezmialem Vakıf University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Talip Asil
- Bezmialem Vakıf University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, İstanbul, Turkey
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Wang X, Ma LC, Shahdadian S, Wu A, Truong NCD, Liu H. Metabolic Connectivity and Hemodynamic-Metabolic Coherence of Human Prefrontal Cortex at Rest and Post Photobiomodulation Assessed by Dual-Channel Broadband NIRS. Metabolites 2022; 12:42. [PMID: 35050164 PMCID: PMC8778041 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Billions of neurons in the human brain form neural networks with oscillation rhythms. Infra-slow oscillation (ISO) presents three main physiological sources: endogenic, neurogenic, and myogenic vasomotions. Having an in vivo methodology for the absolute quantification of ISO from the human brain can facilitate the detection of brain abnormalities in cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic activities. In this study, we introduced a novel measurement-plus-analysis framework for the non-invasive quantification of prefrontal ISO by (1) taking dual-channel broadband near infrared spectroscopy (bbNIRS) measurements from 12 healthy humans during a 6-min rest and 4-min post transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) and (2) performing wavelet transform coherence (WTC) analysis on the measured time series data. The WTC indexes (IC, between 0 and 1) enabled the assessment of ipsilateral hemodynamic-metabolic coherence and bilateral functional connectivity in each ISO band of the human prefrontal cortex. At rest, bilateral hemodynamic connectivity was consistent across the three ISO bands (IC ≅ 0.66), while bilateral metabolic connectivity was relatively weaker. For post-tPBM/sham comparison, our analyses revealed three key findings: 8-min, right-forehead, 1064-nm tPBM (1) enhanced the amplitude of metabolic oscillation bilaterally, (2) promoted the bilateral metabolic connectivity of neurogenic rhythm, and (3) made the main effect on endothelial cells, causing alteration of hemodynamic-metabolic coherence on each side of the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (X.W.); (L.-C.M.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (N.C.D.T.)
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Parameter Sensitivity and Experimental Validation for Fractional-Order Dynamical Modeling of Neurovascular Coupling. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 3:69-77. [DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2022.3167281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Classification of Individual Finger Movements from Right Hand Using fNIRS Signals. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21237943. [PMID: 34883949 PMCID: PMC8659988 DOI: 10.3390/s21237943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a comparatively new noninvasive, portable, and easy-to-use brain imaging modality. However, complicated dexterous tasks such as individual finger-tapping, particularly using one hand, have been not investigated using fNIRS technology. Twenty-four healthy volunteers participated in the individual finger-tapping experiment. Data were acquired from the motor cortex using sixteen sources and sixteen detectors. In this preliminary study, we applied standard fNIRS data processing pipeline, i.e., optical densities conversation, signal processing, feature extraction, and classification algorithm implementation. Physiological and non-physiological noise is removed using 4th order band-pass Butter-worth and 3rd order Savitzky–Golay filters. Eight spatial statistical features were selected: signal-mean, peak, minimum, Skewness, Kurtosis, variance, median, and peak-to-peak form data of oxygenated haemoglobin changes. Sophisticated machine learning algorithms were applied, such as support vector machine (SVM), random forests (RF), decision trees (DT), AdaBoost, quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), Artificial neural networks (ANN), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The average classification accuracies achieved were 0.75±0.04, 0.75±0.05, and 0.77±0.06 using k-nearest neighbors (kNN), Random forest (RF) and XGBoost, respectively. KNN, RF and XGBoost classifiers performed exceptionally well on such a high-class problem. The results need to be further investigated. In the future, a more in-depth analysis of the signal in both temporal and spatial domains will be conducted to investigate the underlying facts. The accuracies achieved are promising results and could open up a new research direction leading to enrichment of control commands generation for fNIRS-based brain-computer interface applications.
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Processing of fMRI-related anxiety and bi-directional information flow between prefrontal cortex and brain stem. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22348. [PMID: 34785719 PMCID: PMC8595881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-heart synchronization is fundamental for emotional-well-being and brain-heart desynchronization is characteristic for anxiety disorders including specific phobias. Recording BOLD signals with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an important noninvasive diagnostic tool; however, 1-2% of fMRI examinations have to be aborted due to claustrophobia. In the present study, we investigated the information flow between regions of interest (ROI's) in the cortex and brain stem by using a frequency band close to 0.1 Hz. Causal coupling between signals important in brain-heart interaction (cardiac intervals, respiration, and BOLD signals) was studied by means of Directed Transfer Function based on the Granger causality principle. Compared were initial resting states with elevated anxiety and final resting states with low or no anxiety in a group of fMRI-naïve young subjects. During initial high anxiety the results showed an increased information flow from the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) to the pre-central gyrus (PCG) and to the brainstem. There also was an increased flow from the brainstem to the PCG. While the top-down flow during increased anxiety was predominant, the weaker ascending flow from brainstem structures may characterize a rhythmic pacemaker-like activity that (at least in part) drives respiration. We assume that these changes in information flow reflect successful anxiety processing.
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Lemon N, Canepa E, Ilies MA, Fossati S. Carbonic Anhydrases as Potential Targets Against Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease and Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:772278. [PMID: 34867298 PMCID: PMC8635164 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.772278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neurovascular Unit (NVU) is an important multicellular structure of the central nervous system (CNS), which participates in the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), delivery of oxygen and nutrients, immunological surveillance, clearance, barrier functions, and CNS homeostasis. Stroke and Alzheimer Disease (AD) are two pathologies with extensive NVU dysfunction. The cell types of the NVU change in both structure and function following an ischemic insult and during the development of AD pathology. Stroke and AD share common risk factors such as cardiovascular disease, and also share similarities at a molecular level. In both diseases, disruption of metabolic support, mitochondrial dysfunction, increase in oxidative stress, release of inflammatory signaling molecules, and blood brain barrier disruption result in NVU dysfunction, leading to cell death and neurodegeneration. Improved therapeutic strategies for both AD and stroke are needed. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are well-known targets for other diseases and are being recently investigated for their function in the development of cerebrovascular pathology. CAs catalyze the hydration of CO2 to produce bicarbonate and a proton. This reaction is important for pH homeostasis, overturn of cerebrospinal fluid, regulation of CBF, and other physiological functions. Humans express 15 CA isoforms with different distribution patterns. Recent studies provide evidence that CA inhibition is protective to NVU cells in vitro and in vivo, in models of stroke and AD pathology. CA inhibitors are FDA-approved for treatment of glaucoma, high-altitude sickness, and other indications. Most FDA-approved CA inhibitors are pan-CA inhibitors; however, specific CA isoforms are likely to modulate the NVU function. This review will summarize the literature regarding the use of pan-CA and specific CA inhibitors along with genetic manipulation of specific CA isoforms in stroke and AD models, to bring light into the functions of CAs in the NVU. Although pan-CA inhibitors are protective and safe, we hypothesize that targeting specific CA isoforms will increase the efficacy of CA inhibition and reduce side effects. More studies to further determine specific CA isoforms functions and changes in disease states are essential to the development of novel therapies for cerebrovascular pathology, occurring in both stroke and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lemon
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple (ACT), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elisa Canepa
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple (ACT), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marc A. Ilies
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple (ACT), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple (ACT), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Silvia Fossati,
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Venkadesh S, Van Horn JD. Integrative Models of Brain Structure and Dynamics: Concepts, Challenges, and Methods. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:752332. [PMID: 34776853 PMCID: PMC8585845 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.752332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The anatomical architecture of the brain constrains the dynamics of interactions between various regions. On a microscopic scale, neural plasticity regulates the connections between individual neurons. This microstructural adaptation facilitates coordinated dynamics of populations of neurons (mesoscopic scale) and brain regions (macroscopic scale). However, the mechanisms acting on multiple timescales that govern the reciprocal relationship between neural network structure and its intrinsic dynamics are not well understood. Studies empirically investigating such relationships on the whole-brain level rely on macroscopic measurements of structural and functional connectivity estimated from various neuroimaging modalities such as Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI), Electroencephalography (EEG), Magnetoencephalography (MEG), and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). dMRI measures the anisotropy of water diffusion along axonal fibers, from which structural connections are estimated. EEG and MEG signals measure electrical activity and magnetic fields induced by the electrical activity, respectively, from various brain regions with a high temporal resolution (but limited spatial coverage), whereas fMRI measures regional activations indirectly via blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals with a high spatial resolution (but limited temporal resolution). There are several studies in the neuroimaging literature reporting statistical associations between macroscopic structural and functional connectivity. On the other hand, models of large-scale oscillatory dynamics conditioned on network structure (such as the one estimated from dMRI connectivity) provide a platform to probe into the structure-dynamics relationship at the mesoscopic level. Such investigations promise to uncover the theoretical underpinnings of the interplay between network structure and dynamics and could be complementary to the macroscopic level inquiries. In this article, we review theoretical and empirical studies that attempt to elucidate the coupling between brain structure and dynamics. Special attention is given to various clinically relevant dimensions of brain connectivity such as the topological features and neural synchronization, and their applicability for a given modality, spatial or temporal scale of analysis is discussed. Our review provides a summary of the progress made along this line of research and identifies challenges and promising future directions for multi-modal neuroimaging analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Venkadesh
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - John Darrell Van Horn
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Warner RL, Gast TJ, Sapoznik KA, Carmichael-Martins A, Burns SA. Measuring Temporal and Spatial Variability of Red Blood Cell Velocity in Human Retinal Vessels. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:29. [PMID: 34846516 PMCID: PMC8648047 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.14.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The retinal circulation regulates blood flow through various internal and external factors; however, it is unclear how locally these factors act within the retinal microcirculation. We measured the temporal and spatial variability of blood velocity in small retinal vessels using a dual-beam adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Methods In young healthy subjects (n = 3), temporal blood velocity variability was measured in a local vascular region consisting of an arteriole, capillary, and venule repeatedly over 2 days. Data consisted of 10 imaging periods separated into two sessions: (1) five 6-minute image acquisition periods with 30-minute breaks, and (2) five 6-minute image acquisition periods with 10-minute breaks. In another group of young healthy subjects (n = 5), spatial distribution of velocity variability was measured by imaging three capillary segments during three 2-minute conditions: (1) baseline imaging condition (no flicker), (2) full-field flicker, and (3) no flicker condition again. Results Blood velocities were measurable in all subjects with a reliability of about 2%. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used as an estimate of the physiological variability of each vessel. Over 2 days, the average CV in arterioles was 7% (±2%); in capillaries, it was 19% (±6%); and, in venules, it was 8% (±2%). During flicker stimulation, the average capillary CV was 16% during baseline, 15% during flicker stimulation, and 18% after flicker stimulation. Conclusions Capillaries in the human retina exhibit spatial and temporal variations in blood velocity. This inherent variation in blood velocity places limits on studying the vascular regulation of individual capillaries, and the study presented here serves as a foundation for future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond L Warner
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Thomas J Gast
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Kaitlyn A Sapoznik
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | | | - Stephen A Burns
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
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30
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Ouellette J, Lacoste B. From Neurodevelopmental to Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Vascular Continuum. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:749026. [PMID: 34744690 PMCID: PMC8570842 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.749026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional integrity of the cerebral vasculature ensures proper brain development and function, as well as healthy aging. The inability of the brain to store energy makes it exceptionally dependent on an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood stream for matching colossal demands of neural and glial cells. Key vascular features including a dense vasculature, a tightly controlled environment, and the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) all take part in brain health throughout life. As such, healthy brain development and aging are both ensured by the anatomical and functional interaction between the vascular and nervous systems that are established during brain development and maintained throughout the lifespan. During critical periods of brain development, vascular networks remodel until they can actively respond to increases in neural activity through neurovascular coupling, which makes the brain particularly vulnerable to neurovascular alterations. The brain vasculature has been strongly associated with the onset and/or progression of conditions associated with aging, and more recently with neurodevelopmental disorders. Our understanding of cerebrovascular contributions to neurological disorders is rapidly evolving, and increasing evidence shows that deficits in angiogenesis, CBF and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are causally linked to cognitive impairment. Moreover, it is of utmost curiosity that although neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders express different clinical features at different stages of life, they share similar vascular abnormalities. In this review, we present an overview of vascular dysfunctions associated with neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, Down Syndrome) and neurodegenerative (multiple sclerosis, Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases) disorders, with a focus on impairments in angiogenesis, CBF and the BBB. Finally, we discuss the impact of early vascular impairments on the expression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ouellette
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Grey-box modeling and hypothesis testing of functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based cerebrovascular reactivity to anodal high-definition tDCS in healthy humans. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009386. [PMID: 34613970 PMCID: PMC8494321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to evoke hemodynamics response; however, the mechanisms have not been investigated systematically using systems biology approaches. Our study presents a grey-box linear model that was developed from a physiologically detailed multi-compartmental neurovascular unit model consisting of the vascular smooth muscle, perivascular space, synaptic space, and astrocyte glial cell. Then, model linearization was performed on the physiologically detailed nonlinear model to find appropriate complexity (Akaike information criterion) to fit functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based measure of blood volume changes, called cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), to high-definition (HD) tDCS. The grey-box linear model was applied on the fNIRS-based CVR during the first 150 seconds of anodal HD-tDCS in eleven healthy humans. The grey-box linear models for each of the four nested pathways starting from tDCS scalp current density that perturbed synaptic potassium released from active neurons for Pathway 1, astrocytic transmembrane current for Pathway 2, perivascular potassium concentration for Pathway 3, and voltage-gated ion channel current on the smooth muscle cell for Pathway 4 were fitted to the total hemoglobin concentration (tHb) changes from optodes in the vicinity of 4x1 HD-tDCS electrodes as well as on the contralateral sensorimotor cortex. We found that the tDCS perturbation Pathway 3 presented the least mean square error (MSE, median <2.5%) and the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC, median -1.726) from the individual grey-box linear model fitting at the targeted-region. Then, minimal realization transfer function with reduced-order approximations of the grey-box model pathways was fitted to the ensemble average tHb time series. Again, Pathway 3 with nine poles and two zeros (all free parameters), provided the best Goodness of Fit of 0.0078 for Chi-Square difference test of nested pathways. Therefore, our study provided a systems biology approach to investigate the initial transient hemodynamic response to tDCS based on fNIRS tHb data. Future studies need to investigate the steady-state responses, including steady-state oscillations found to be driven by calcium dynamics, where transcranial alternating current stimulation may provide frequency-dependent physiological entrainment for system identification. We postulate that such a mechanistic understanding from system identification of the hemodynamics response to transcranial electrical stimulation can facilitate adequate delivery of the current density to the neurovascular tissue under simultaneous portable imaging in various cerebrovascular diseases.
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Alyan E, Saad NM, Kamel N, Rahman MA. Workplace design-related stress effects on prefrontal cortex connectivity and neurovascular coupling. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 96:103497. [PMID: 34139374 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of workstation type on the neural and vascular networks of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) underlying the cognitive activity involved during mental stress. Workstation design has been reported to affect the physical and mental health of employees. However, while the functional effects of ergonomic workstations have been documented, there is little research on the influence of workstation design on the executive function of the brain. In this study, 23 healthy volunteers in ergonomic and non-ergonomic workstations completed the Montreal imaging stress task, while their brain activity was recorded using the synchronized measurement of electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed desynchronization in alpha rhythms and oxygenated hemoglobin, as well as decreased functional connectivity in the PFC networks at the non-ergonomic workstations. Additionally, a significant increase in salivary alpha-amylase activity was observed in all participants at the non-ergonomic workstations, confirming the presence of induced stress. These findings suggest that workstation design can significantly impact cognitive functioning and human capabilities at work. Therefore, the use of functional neuroimaging in workplace design can provide critical information on the causes of workplace-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Alyan
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Naufal M Saad
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Nidal Kamel
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Abdul Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450, Perak, Malaysia
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Pfurtscheller G, Schwerdtfeger AR, Rassler B, Andrade A, Schwarz G. MRI-related anxiety can induce slow BOLD oscillations coupled with cardiac oscillations. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2083-2090. [PMID: 34284243 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although about 1-2% of MRI examinations must be aborted due to anxiety, there is little research on how MRI-related anxiety affects BOLD signals in resting states. METHODS We re-analyzed cardiac beat-to beat interval (RRI) and BOLD signals of 23 healthy fMRI participants in four resting states by calculation of phase-coupling in the 0.07-0.13 Hz band and determination of positive time delays (pTDs; RRI leading neural BOLD oscillations) and negative time delays (nTDs; RRI lagging behind vascular BOLD oscillations). State anxiety of each subject was assigned to either a low anxiety (LA) or a high anxiety (HA, with most participants exhibiting moderate anxiety symptoms) category based on the inside scanner assessed anxiety score. RESULTS Although anxiety strongly differed between HA and LA categories, no significant difference was found for nTDs. In contrast, pTDs indicating neural BOLD oscillations exhibited a significant cumulation in the high anxiety category. CONCLUSIONS Findings may suggest that vascular BOLD oscillations related to slow cerebral blood circulation are of about similar intensity during low/no and elevated anxiety. In contrast, neural BOLD oscillations, which might be associated with a central rhythm generating mechanism (pacemaker-like activity), appear to be significantly intensified during elevated anxiety. SIGNIFICANCE The study provides evidence that fMRI-related anxiety can activate a central rhythm generating mechanism very likely located in the brain stem, associated with slow neural BOLD oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pfurtscheller
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A R Schwerdtfeger
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - B Rassler
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Andrade
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Schwarz
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Kolar D, Kleteckova L, Brozka H, Vales K. Mini-review: Brain energy metabolism and its role in animal models of depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and autism. Neurosci Lett 2021; 760:136003. [PMID: 34098028 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles essential for energy metabolism and antioxidant defense. Mitochondrial impairment is implicated in many psychiatric disorders, including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism. To characterize and eventually find effective treatments of bioenergetic impairment in psychiatric disease, researchers find animal models indispensable. The present review focuses on brain energetics in several environmental, genetic, drug-induced, and surgery-induced animal models of depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism. Most reported deficits included decreased activity in the electron transport chain, increased oxidative damage, decreased antioxidant defense, decreased ATP levels, and decreased mitochondrial potential. Models of depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism shared many bioenergetic deficits. This is in concordance with the absence of a disease-specific brain energy phenotype in human patients. Unfortunately, due to the absence of null results in examined literature, indicative of reporting bias, we refrain from making generalized conclusions. Present review can be a valuable tool for comparing current findings, generating more targeted hypotheses, and selecting fitting models for further preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kolar
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Hana Brozka
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Vales
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
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35
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Bodea SV, Westmeyer GG. Photoacoustic Neuroimaging - Perspectives on a Maturing Imaging Technique and its Applications in Neuroscience. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:655247. [PMID: 34220420 PMCID: PMC8253050 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.655247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A prominent goal of neuroscience is to improve our understanding of how brain structure and activity interact to produce perception, emotion, behavior, and cognition. The brain's network activity is inherently organized in distinct spatiotemporal patterns that span scales from nanometer-sized synapses to meter-long nerve fibers and millisecond intervals between electrical signals to decades of memory storage. There is currently no single imaging method that alone can provide all the relevant information, but intelligent combinations of complementary techniques can be effective. Here, we thus present the latest advances in biomedical and biological engineering on photoacoustic neuroimaging in the context of complementary imaging techniques. A particular focus is placed on recent advances in whole-brain photoacoustic imaging in rodent models and its influential role in bridging the gap between fluorescence microscopy and more non-invasive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We consider current strategies to address persistent challenges, particularly in developing molecular contrast agents, and conclude with an overview of potential future directions for photoacoustic neuroimaging to provide deeper insights into healthy and pathological brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu-Vasile Bodea
- Department of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Synthetic Biomedicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gil Gregor Westmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Synthetic Biomedicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
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36
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AL-Quraishi MS, Elamvazuthi I, Tang TB, Al-Qurishi M, Adil SH, Ebrahim M. Bimodal Data Fusion of Simultaneous Measurements of EEG and fNIRS during Lower Limb Movements. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060713. [PMID: 34071982 PMCID: PMC8227788 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have temporal and spatial characteristics that may complement each other and, therefore, pose an intriguing approach for brain-computer interaction (BCI). In this work, the relationship between the hemodynamic response and brain oscillation activity was investigated using the concurrent recording of fNIRS and EEG during ankle joint movements. Twenty subjects participated in this experiment. The EEG was recorded using 20 electrodes and hemodynamic responses were recorded using 32 optodes positioned over the motor cortex areas. The event-related desynchronization (ERD) feature was extracted from the EEG signal in the alpha band (8-11) Hz, and the concentration change of the oxy-hemoglobin (oxyHb) was evaluated from the hemodynamics response. During the motor execution of the ankle joint movements, a decrease in the alpha (8-11) Hz amplitude (desynchronization) was found to be correlated with an increase of the oxyHb (r = -0.64061, p < 0.00001) observed on the Cz electrode and the average of the fNIRS channels (ch28, ch25, ch32, ch35) close to the foot area representation. Then, the correlated channels in both modalities were used for ankle joint movement classification. The result demonstrates that the integrated modality based on the correlated channels provides a substantial enhancement in ankle joint classification accuracy of 93.01 ± 5.60% (p < 0.01) compared with single modality. These results highlight the potential of the bimodal fNIR-EEG approach for the development of future BCI for lower limb rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged S. AL-Quraishi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (M.S.A.-Q.); (I.E.)
- Faculty of Engineering, Thamar University, Dhamar 87246, Yemen
| | - Irraivan Elamvazuthi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (M.S.A.-Q.); (I.E.)
| | - Tong Boon Tang
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-5-368-7801
| | - Muhammad Al-Qurishi
- Faculty of information and Computer Science, Thamar University, Dhamar 87246, Yemen;
| | - Syed Hasan Adil
- Faculty of Engineering, Sciences and Technology, Iqra University, Karachi 75500, Pakistan; (S.H.A.); (M.E.)
| | - Mansoor Ebrahim
- Faculty of Engineering, Sciences and Technology, Iqra University, Karachi 75500, Pakistan; (S.H.A.); (M.E.)
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Aryal R, Patabendige A. Blood-brain barrier disruption in atrial fibrillation: a potential contributor to the increased risk of dementia and worsening of stroke outcomes? Open Biol 2021; 11:200396. [PMID: 33878948 PMCID: PMC8059575 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) has become one of the most significant health problems worldwide, warranting urgent answers to currently pending questions on the effects of AF on brain function. Recent evidence has emerged to show an association between AF and an increased risk of developing dementia and worsening of stroke outcomes. A healthy brain is protected by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which is formed by the endothelial cells that line cerebral capillaries. These endothelial cells are continuously exposed to shear stress (the frictional force generated by blood flow), which affects endothelial cell structure and function. Flow disturbances as experienced during AF can disrupt the BBB and leave the brain vulnerable to damage. Investigating the plausible mechanisms in detail, linking AF to cerebrovascular damage is difficult in humans, leading to paucity of available clinical data. Here, we discuss the available evidence for BBB disruption during AF due to altered cerebral blood flow, and how this may contribute to an increased risk of dementia and worsening of stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritambhara Aryal
- Brain Barriers Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Brain and Mental Health Research Programme, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Adjanie Patabendige
- Brain Barriers Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Brain and Mental Health Research Programme, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Zou P, Scoggins MA, Li Y, Jones M, Helton KJ, Ogg RJ. Developmental patterns of CBF and BOLD responses to visual stimulus. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:630-640. [PMID: 32436777 PMCID: PMC7922748 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20925303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the developmental changes of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and hemodynamic responses to changing neural activity, we used the arterial spin label (ASL) technique to measure resting CBF and simultaneous CBF / blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal changes during visual stimulation in 97 typically developing children and young adults (age 13.35 [6.02, 25.25] (median [min, max]) years old at the first time point). The longitudinal study protocol included three MRIs (2.7 ± 0.06 obtained), one year apart, for each participant. Mixed-effect linear and non-linear statistical models were used to analyze age effects on CBF and BOLD signals. Resting CBF decreased exponentially with age (p = 0.0001) throughout the brain, and developmental trajectories differed across brain lobes. The absolute CBF increase in visual cortex during stimulation was constant over the age range, but the fractional CBF change increased with age (p = 0.0001) and the fractional BOLD signal increased with age (p = 0.0001) correspondingly. These findings suggest that the apparent neural hemodynamic coupling in visual cortex does not change after age six years, but age-related BOLD signal changes continue through adolescence primarily due to the changes with age in resting CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zou
- Departments of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Matthew A Scoggins
- Departments of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Melissa Jones
- Departments of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kathleen J Helton
- Departments of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Ogg
- Departments of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Beishon L, Clough RH, Kadicheeni M, Chithiramohan T, Panerai RB, Haunton VJ, Minhas JS, Robinson TG. Vascular and haemodynamic issues of brain ageing. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:735-751. [PMID: 33439324 PMCID: PMC8076154 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The population is ageing worldwide, thus increasing the burden of common age-related disorders to the individual, society and economy. Cerebrovascular diseases (stroke, dementia) contribute a significant proportion of this burden and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Thus, understanding and promoting healthy vascular brain ageing are becoming an increasing priority for healthcare systems. In this review, we consider the effects of normal ageing on two major physiological processes responsible for vascular brain function: Cerebral autoregulation (CA) and neurovascular coupling (NVC). CA is the process by which the brain regulates cerebral blood flow (CBF) and protects against falls and surges in cerebral perfusion pressure, which risk hypoxic brain injury and pressure damage, respectively. In contrast, NVC is the process by which CBF is matched to cerebral metabolic activity, ensuring adequate local oxygenation and nutrient delivery for increased neuronal activity. Healthy ageing is associated with a number of key physiological adaptations in these processes to mitigate age-related functional and structural declines. Through multiple different paradigms assessing CA in healthy younger and older humans, generating conflicting findings, carbon dioxide studies in CA have provided the greatest understanding of intrinsic vascular anatomical factors that may mediate healthy ageing responses. In NVC, studies have found mixed results, with reduced, equivalent and increased activation of vascular responses to cognitive stimulation. In summary, vascular and haemodynamic changes occur in response to ageing and are important in distinguishing “normal” ageing from disease states and may help to develop effective therapeutic strategies to promote healthy brain ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Beishon
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK.
| | - Rebecca H Clough
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Meeriam Kadicheeni
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Tamara Chithiramohan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Ronney B Panerai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Victoria J Haunton
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jatinder S Minhas
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Thompson G Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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40
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Kaposzta Z, Stylianou O, Mukli P, Eke A, Racz FS. Decreased connection density and modularity of functional brain networks during n-back working memory paradigm. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01932. [PMID: 33185986 PMCID: PMC7821619 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investigating how the brain adapts to increased mental workload through large-scale functional reorganization appears as an important research question. Functional connectivity (FC) aims at capturing how disparate regions of the brain dynamically interact, while graph theory provides tools for the topological characterization of the reconstructed functional networks. Although numerous studies investigated how FC is altered in response to increased working memory (WM) demand, current results are still contradictory as few studies confirmed the robustness of these findings in a low-density setting. METHODS In this study, we utilized the n-back WM paradigm, in which subjects were presented stimuli (single digits) sequentially, and their task was to decide for each given stimulus if it matched the one presented n-times earlier. Electroencephalography recordings were performed under a control (0-back) and two task conditions of varying difficulty (2- and 3-back). We captured the characteristic connectivity patterns for each difficulty level by performing FC analysis and described the reconstructed functional networks with various graph theoretical measures. RESULTS We found a substantial decrease in FC when transitioning from the 0- to the 2- or 3-back conditions, however, no differences relating to task difficulty were identified. The observed changes in brain network topology could be attributed to the dissociation of two (frontal and occipitotemporal) functional modules that were only present during the control condition. Furthermore, behavioral and performance measures showed both positive and negative correlations to connectivity indices, although only in the higher frequency bands. CONCLUSION The marked decrease in FC may be due to temporarily abandoned connections that are redundant or irrelevant in solving the specific task. Our results indicate that FC analysis is a robust tool for investigating the response of the brain to increased cognitive workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalan Kaposzta
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Peter Mukli
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Eke
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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41
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Chin-Hao Chen R, Atry F, Richner T, Brodnick S, Pisaniello J, Ness J, Suminski AJ, Williams J, Pashaie R. A system identification analysis of optogenetically evoked electrocorticography and cerebral blood flow responses. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:056049. [PMID: 32299067 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab89fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this research was to study the coupling between neural circuits and the vascular network in the cortex of small rodents from system engineering point of view and generate a mathematical model for the dynamics of neurovascular coupling. The model was adopted to implement closed-loop blood flow control algorithms. APPROACH We used a combination of advanced technologies including optogenetics, electrocorticography, and optical coherence tomography to stimulate selected populations of neurons and simultaneously record induced electrocorticography and hemodynamic signals. We adopted system identification methods to analyze the acquired data and investigate the relation between optogenetic neural activation and consequential electrophysiology and blood flow responses. MAIN RESULTS We showed that the developed model, once trained by the acquired data, could successfully regenerate subtle spatio-temporal features of evoked electrocorticography and cerebral blood flow responses following an onset of optogenetic stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE The long term goal of this research is to open a new line for computational analysis of neurovascular coupling particularly in pathologies where the normal process of blood flow regulation in the central nervous system is disrupted including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex Chin-Hao Chen
- Electrical Engineering, Computer Science Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
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42
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Mehnert U, van der Lely S, Seif M, Leitner L, Liechti MD, Michels L. Neuroimaging in Neuro-Urology. Eur Urol Focus 2020; 6:826-837. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bandyopadhyay A, Sharma G, Roy Chowdhury S. Computational analysis of NIRS and BOLD signal from neurovascular coupling with three neuron-system feedforward inhibition network. J Theor Biol 2020; 498:110297. [PMID: 32371007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several neurological disorders occur due to hypoxic condition in brain arising from impairment of cerebral functionality, which can be controlled by neural stimulation driven vasoactive response mediated through biological response in astrocyte, a phenomenon known as neurovascular coupling. Brain can adjust with the problem of hypoxic condition by causing vasodilation with the help of this mechanism. To deduce the mechanism behind vasodilation of blood vessel caused by neuronal stimulus, current study articulates a mathematical model involving neuronal system feedforward inhibition network model (FFI) with two other functional components of neurovascular coupling, i.e. astrocyte and smooth muscle cell lining blood vessel. This study includes the neural inhibition network system where glutamatergic pyramidal neuron and GABAergic interneuron act antagonistically with each other. The proposed model successfully includes the implication of the inhibition system to design mathematical model for neurovascular coupling. Result of the proposed model shows that the increase in neuronal stimulus from 20 to 60 µA/cm2 has the ability to increase the vasodilatory activity of blood tissue vasculature. Oxygenation level and hemodynamic response due to input synaptic stimulation has been calculated by regional cerebral oxygenation level (rS02) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) imaging signal which supports vasodilation of blood vessel with increase in synaptic input stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Bandyopadhyay
- Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Multimedia Analytics, Networks and Systems Group, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, India.
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Multimedia Analytics, Networks and Systems Group, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, India.
| | - Shubhajit Roy Chowdhury
- Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Multimedia Analytics, Networks and Systems Group, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, India.
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Samora M, Vianna LC, Carmo JC, Macedo V, Dawes M, Phillips AA, Paton JFR, Fisher JP. Neurovascular coupling is not influenced by lower body negative pressure in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H22-H31. [PMID: 32442032 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00076.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow is tightly coupled with local neuronal activation and metabolism, i.e., neurovascular coupling (NVC). Studies suggest a role of sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of cerebral blood flow. However, this is controversial, and the sympathetic regulation of NVC in humans remains unclear. Since impaired NVC has been identified in several chronic diseases associated with a heightened sympathetic activity, we aimed to determine whether reflex-mediated sympathetic activation via lower body negative pressure (LBNP) attenuates NVC in humans. NVC was assessed using a visual stimulation protocol (5 cycles of 30 s eyes closed and 30 s of reading) in 11 healthy participants (aged 24 ± 3 yr). NVC assessments were made under control conditions and during LBNP at -20 and -40 mmHg. Posterior (PCA) and middle (MCA) cerebral artery mean blood velocity (Vmean) and vertebral artery blood flow (VAflow) were simultaneously determined with cardiorespiratory variables. Under control conditions, the visual stimulation evoked a robust increase in PCAVmean (∆18.0 ± 4.5%), a moderate rise in VAflow (∆9.6 ± 4.3%), and a modest increase in MCAVmean (∆3.0 ± 1.9%). The magnitude of NVC response was not affected by mild-to-moderate LBNP (all P > 0.05 for repeated-measures ANOVA). Given the small change that occurred in partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 during LBNP, this hypocapnia condition was matched via voluntary hyperventilation in absence of LBNP in a subgroup of participants (n = 8). The mild hypocapnia during LBNP did not exert a confounding influence on the NVC response. These findings indicate that the NVC is not influenced by LBNP or mild hypocapnia in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Visual stimulation evoked a robust increase in posterior cerebral artery velocity and a modest increase in vertebral artery blood flow, i.e., neurovascular coupling (NVC), which was unaffected by lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in humans. In addition, although LBNP induced a mild hypocapnia, this degree of hypocapnia in the absence of LBNP failed to modify the NVC response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Samora
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,NeuroV̇ASQ̇-Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Lauro C Vianna
- NeuroV̇ASQ̇-Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Jake C Carmo
- Biomechanics and Biological Signal Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Victor Macedo
- Biomechanics and Biological Signal Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Matthew Dawes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aaron A Phillips
- Departments of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Clinical Neurosciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julian F R Paton
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James P Fisher
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Kang S, Hayashi Y, Bruyns-Haylett M, Delivopoulos E, Zheng Y. Model-Predicted Balance Between Neural Excitation and Inhibition Was Maintained Despite of Age-Related Decline in Sensory Evoked Local Field Potential in Rat Barrel Cortex. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:24. [PMID: 32528256 PMCID: PMC7247833 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between neural excitation and inhibition has been shown to be crucial for normal brain function. However, it is unclear whether this balance is maintained through healthy aging. This study investigated the effect of aging on the temporal dynamics of the somatosensory evoked local field potential (LFP) in rats and tested the hypothesis that excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic activities remain balanced during the aging process. The LFP signal was obtained from the barrel cortex of three different age groups of anesthetized rats (pre-adolescence: 4–6 weeks, young adult: 2–3 months, middle-aged adult: 10–20 months) under whisker pad stimulation. To confirm our previous finding that the initial segment of the evoked LFP was solely associated with excitatory post-synaptic activity, we micro-injected gabazine into the barrel cortex to block inhibition while LFP was collected continuously under the same stimulus condition. As expected, the initial slope of the evoked LFP in the granular layer was unaffected by gabazine injection. We subsequently estimated the excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic activities through a balanced model of the LFP with delayed inhibition as an explicit constraint, and calculated the amplitude ratio of inhibition to excitation. We found an age-dependent slowing of the temporal dynamics in the somatosensory-evoked post-synaptic activity, as well as a significant age-related decrease in the amplitude of the excitatory component and a decreasing trend in the amplitude of the inhibitory component. Furthermore, the delay of inhibition with respect to excitation was significantly increased with age, but the amplitude ratio was maintained. Our findings suggest that aging reduces the amplitude of neural responses, but the balance between sensory evoked excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic activities is maintained to support normal brain function during healthy aging. Further whole cell patch clamp experiments will be needed to confirm or refute these findings by measuring sensory evoked synaptic excitatory and inhibitory activities in vivo during the normal aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Kang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics (CINN), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Yurie Hayashi
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bruyns-Haylett
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Delivopoulos
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics (CINN), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Zheng
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics (CINN), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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46
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Beckmann KM, Wang-Leandro A, Dennler M, Carrera I, Richter H, Bektas RN, Steiner A, Haller S. Resting state networks of the canine brain under sevoflurane anaesthesia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231955. [PMID: 32302373 PMCID: PMC7164650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) has become an established technique in humans and reliably determines several resting state networks (RSNs) simultaneously. Limited data exist about RSN in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the RSNs in 10 healthy beagle dogs using a 3 tesla MRI scanner and subsequently perform group-level independent component analysis (ICA) to identify functionally connected brain networks. Rs-fMRI sequences were performed under steady state sevoflurane inhalation anaesthesia. Anaesthetic depth was titrated to the minimum level needed for immobilisation and mechanical ventilation of the patient. This required a sevoflurane MAC between 0.8 to 1.2. Group-level ICA dimensionality of 20 components revealed distributed sensory, motor and higher-order networks in the dogs’ brain. We identified in total 7 RSNs (default mode, primary and higher order visual, auditory, two putative motor-somatosensory and one putative somatosensory), which are common to other mammals including humans. Identified RSN are remarkably similar to those identified in awake dogs. This study proves the feasibility of rs-fMRI in anesthetized dogs and describes several RSNs, which may set the basis for investigating pathophysiological characteristics of various canine brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin M. Beckmann
- Neurology Department, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Adriano Wang-Leandro
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dennler
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ines Carrera
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Shirley, United Kingdom
| | - Henning Richter
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse-Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rima N. Bektas
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Steiner
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Haller
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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47
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The Contribution of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to the Understanding of the Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Cognition. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10030175. [PMID: 32197357 PMCID: PMC7139910 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fact that a single bout of acute physical exercise has a positive impact on cognition is well-established in the literature, but the neural correlates that underlie these cognitive improvements are not well understood. Here, the use of neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), offers great potential, which is just starting to be recognized. This review aims at providing an overview of those studies that used fMRI to investigate the effects of acute physical exercises on cerebral hemodynamics and cognition. To this end, a systematic literature survey was conducted by two independent reviewers across five electronic databases. The search returned 668 studies, of which 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this systematic review. Although the findings of the reviewed studies suggest that acute physical exercise (e.g., cycling) leads to profound changes in functional brain activation, the small number of available studies and the great variability in the study protocols limits the conclusions that can be drawn with certainty. In order to overcome these limitations, new, more well-designed trials are needed that (i) use a more rigorous study design, (ii) apply more sophisticated filter methods in fMRI data analysis, (iii) describe the applied processing steps of fMRI data analysis in more detail, and (iv) provide a more precise exercise prescription.
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48
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Jafarian A, Litvak V, Cagnan H, Friston KJ, Zeidman P. Comparing dynamic causal models of neurovascular coupling with fMRI and EEG/MEG. Neuroimage 2020; 216:116734. [PMID: 32179105 PMCID: PMC7322559 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This technical note presents a dynamic causal modelling (DCM) procedure for evaluating different models of neurovascular coupling in the human brain - using combined electromagnetic (M/EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. This procedure compares the evidence for biologically informed models of neurovascular coupling using Bayesian model comparison. First, fMRI data are used to localise regionally specific neuronal responses. The coordinates of these responses are then used as the location priors in a DCM of electrophysiological responses elicited by the same paradigm. The ensuing estimates of model parameters are then used to generate neuronal drive functions, which model pre- or post-synaptic activity for each experimental condition. These functions form the input to a model of neurovascular coupling, whose parameters are estimated from the fMRI data. Crucially, this enables one to evaluate different models of neurovascular coupling, using Bayesian model comparison - asking, for example, whether instantaneous or delayed, pre- or post-synaptic signals mediate haemodynamic responses. We provide an illustrative application of the procedure using a single-subject auditory fMRI and MEG dataset. The code and exemplar data accompanying this technical note are available through the statistical parametric mapping (SPM) software.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir Litvak
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, UK
| | - Hayriye Cagnan
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit (BNDU) at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karl J Friston
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, UK
| | - Peter Zeidman
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, UK
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49
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Chou TH, Toft-Nielsen J, Porciatti V. Adaptation of retinal ganglion cell function during flickering light in the mouse. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18396. [PMID: 31804570 PMCID: PMC6895232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid dilation of retinal vessels in response to flickering light (functional hyperemia) is a well-known autoregulatory response driven by increased neural activity in the inner retina. Little is known about flicker-induced changes of activity of retinal neurons themselves. We non-invasively investigated flicker-induced changes of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function in common inbred mouse strains using the pattern electroretinogram (PERG), a sensitive measure of RGC function. Flicker was superimposed on the pattern stimulus at frequencies that did not generate measurable flicker-ERG and alter the PERG response. Transition from flicker at 101 Hz (control) to flicker at 11 Hz (test) at constant mean luminance induced a slow reduction of PERG amplitude to a minimum (39% loss in C57BL/6J mice and 52% loss in DBA/2J mice) 4–5 minutes after 11 Hz flicker onset, followed by a slow recovery to baseline over 20 minutes. Results demonstrate that the magnitude and temporal dynamics of RGC response induced by flicker at 11 Hz can be non-invasively assessed with PERG in the mouse. This allows investigating the functional phenotype of different mouse strains as well as pathological changes in glaucoma and optic nerve disease. The non-contact flicker-PERG method opens the possibility of combined assessment of neural and vascular response dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Chou
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Vittorio Porciatti
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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50
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Csipo T, Mukli P, Lipecz A, Tarantini S, Bahadli D, Abdulhussein O, Owens C, Kiss T, Balasubramanian P, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Hand RA, Yabluchanska V, Sorond FA, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A. Assessment of age-related decline of neurovascular coupling responses by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in humans. GeroScience 2019; 41:495-509. [PMID: 31676966 PMCID: PMC6885078 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies provide strong evidence that age-related impairment of neurovascular coupling (NVC) plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). NVC is a critical homeostatic mechanism in the brain, responsible for adjustment of local cerebral blood flow to the energetic needs of the active neuronal tissue. Recent progress in geroscience has led to the identification of critical cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in neurovascular aging, identifying these pathways as targets for intervention. In order to translate the preclinical findings to humans, there is a need to assess NVC in geriatric patients as an endpoint in clinical studies. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that enables the investigation of local changes in cerebral blood flow, quantifying task-related changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations. In the present overview, the basic principles of fNIRS are introduced and the application of this technique to assess NVC in older adults with implications for the design of studies on the mechanistic underpinnings of VCI is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology / Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Lipecz
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Josa Andras Hospital, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dhay Bahadli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Osamah Abdulhussein
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Cameron Owens
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rachel A Hand
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Valeriya Yabluchanska
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Bon Secours, St. Francis Family Medicine Center, Midlothian, VA, USA
| | - Farzaneh A Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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