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Serrano RR, Velasco‐Bosom S, Dominguez‐Alfaro A, Picchio ML, Mantione D, Mecerreyes D, Malliaras GG. High Density Body Surface Potential Mapping with Conducting Polymer-Eutectogel Electrode Arrays for ECG imaging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2301176. [PMID: 37203308 PMCID: PMC11251564 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Electrocardiography imaging (ECGi) is a non-invasive inverse reconstruction procedure which employs body surface potential maps (BSPM) obtained from surface electrode array measurements to improve the spatial resolution and interpretability of conventional electrocardiography (ECG) for the diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction. ECGi currently lacks precision, which has prevented its adoption in clinical setups. The introduction of high-density electrode arrays could increase ECGi reconstruction accuracy but is not attempted before due to manufacturing and processing limitations. Advances in multiple fields have now enabled the implementation of such arrays which poses questions on optimal array design parameters for ECGi. In this work, a novel conducting polymer electrode manufacturing process on flexible substrates is proposed to achieve high-density, mm-sized, conformable, long-term, and easily attachable electrode arrays for BSPM with parameters optimally selected for ECGi applications. Temporal, spectral, and correlation analysis are performed on a prototype array demonstrating the validity of the chosen parameters and the feasibility of high-density BSPM, paving the way for ECGi devices fit for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Dominguez‐Alfaro
- Electrical Engineering DivisionUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FAUK
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvda. Tolosa 72Donostia‐San SebastianGipuzkoa20018Spain
| | - Matias L. Picchio
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvda. Tolosa 72Donostia‐San SebastianGipuzkoa20018Spain
| | - Daniele Mantione
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvda. Tolosa 72Donostia‐San SebastianGipuzkoa20018Spain
- IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbao48009Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvda. Tolosa 72Donostia‐San SebastianGipuzkoa20018Spain
- IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbao48009Spain
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2
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Wellman S, Forrest AM, Douglas MM, Subbaraman A, Zhang G, Kozai TDY. Dynamic changes in structure and function of brain mural cells around chronically implanted microelectrodes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598494. [PMID: 38915601 PMCID: PMC11195141 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Integration of neural interfaces with minimal tissue disruption in the brain is ideal to develop robust tools that can address essential neuroscience questions and combat neurological disorders. However, implantation of intracortical devices provokes severe tissue inflammation within the brain, which requires a high metabolic demand to support a complex series of cellular events mediating tissue degeneration and wound healing. Pericytes, peri-vascular cells involved in blood-brain barrier maintenance, vascular permeability, waste clearance, and angiogenesis, have recently been implicated as potential perpetuators of neurodegeneration in brain injury and disease. While the intimate relationship between pericytes and the cortical microvasculature have been explored in other disease states, their behavior following microelectrode implantation, which is responsible for direct blood vessel disruption and dysfunction, is currently unknown. Using two-photon microscopy we observed dynamic changes in the structure and function of pericytes during implantation of a microelectrode array over a 4-week implantation period. Pericytes respond to electrode insertion through transient increases in intracellular calcium and underlying constriction of capillary vessels. Within days following the initial insertion, we observed an influx of new, proliferating pericytes which contribute to new blood vessel formation. Additionally, we discovered a potentially novel population of reactive immune cells in close proximity to the electrode-tissue interface actively engaging in encapsulation of the microelectrode array. Finally, we determined that intracellular pericyte calcium can be modulated by intracortical microstimulation in an amplitude- and frequency-dependent manner. This study provides a new perspective on the complex biological sequelae occurring the electrode-tissue interface and will foster new avenues of potential research consideration and lead to development of more advanced therapeutic interventions towards improving the biocompatibility of neural electrode technology.
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Okatan M, Kocatürk M. Decoding the Spike-Band Subthreshold Motor Cortical Activity. J Mot Behav 2023; 56:161-183. [PMID: 37964432 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2280263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Intracortical Brain-Computer Interfaces (iBCI) use single-unit activity (SUA), multiunit activity (MUA) and local field potentials (LFP) to control neuroprosthetic devices. SUA and MUA are usually extracted from the bandpassed recording through amplitude thresholding, while subthreshold data are ignored. Here, we show that subthreshold data can actually be decoded to determine behavioral variables with test set accuracy of up to 100%. Although the utility of SUA, MUA and LFP for decoding behavioral variables has been explored previously, this study investigates the utility of spike-band subthreshold activity exclusively. We provide evidence suggesting that this activity can be used to keep decoding performance at acceptable levels even when SUA quality is reduced over time. To the best of our knowledge, the signals that we derive from the subthreshold activity may be the weakest neural signals that have ever been extracted from extracellular neural recordings, while still being decodable with test set accuracy of up to 100%. These results are relevant for the development of fully data-driven and automated methods for amplitude thresholding spike-band extracellular neural recordings in iBCIs containing thousands of electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Okatan
- Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Artificial Intelligence and Data Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Kocatürk
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Li N, Li Y, Cheng Z, Liu Y, Dai Y, Kang S, Li S, Shan N, Wai S, Ziaja A, Wang Y, Strzalka J, Liu W, Zhang C, Gu X, Hubbell JA, Tian B, Wang S. Bioadhesive polymer semiconductors and transistors for intimate biointerfaces. Science 2023; 381:686-693. [PMID: 37561870 PMCID: PMC10768720 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg8758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of bioelectronic devices relies on direct contact with soft biotissues. For transistor-type bioelectronic devices, the semiconductors that need to have direct interfacing with biotissues for effective signal transduction do not adhere well with wet tissues, thereby limiting the stability and conformability at the interface. We report a bioadhesive polymer semiconductor through a double-network structure formed by a bioadhesive brush polymer and a redox-active semiconducting polymer. The resulting semiconducting film can form rapid and strong adhesion with wet tissue surfaces together with high charge-carrier mobility of ~1 square centimeter per volt per second, high stretchability, and good biocompatibility. Further fabrication of a fully bioadhesive transistor sensor enabled us to produce high-quality and stable electrophysiological recordings on an isolated rat heart and in vivo rat muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Youdi Liu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yahao Dai
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Seounghun Kang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Songsong Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Naisong Shan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Shinya Wai
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Aidan Ziaja
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Sihong Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Nanoscience and Technology Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
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Cha JH, Park JH, Park Y, Shin H, Hwang KS, Cho IJ, Kim SJ. A CMOS Microelectrode Array System With Reconfigurable Sub-Array Multiplexing Architecture Integrating 24,320 Electrodes and 380 Readout Channels. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2022; 16:1044-1056. [PMID: 36191109 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2022.3211275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a CMOS microelectrode array (MEA) system with a reconfigurable sub-array multiplexing architecture using the time-division multiplexing (TDM) technique. The system consists of 24,320 TiN electrodes with 17.7 μm-pitch pixels and 380 column-parallel readout channels including a low-noise amplifier, a programmable gain amplifier, and a 10-b successive approximation register analog to digital converter. Readout channels are placed outside the pixel for high spatial resolution, and a flexible structure to acquire neural signals from electrodes selected by configuring in-pixel memory is realized. In this structure, a single channel can handle 8 to 32 electrodes, guaranteeing a temporal resolution from 5 kS/s to 20 kS/s for each electrode. A 128 × 190 MEA system was fabricated in a 110-nm CMOS process, and each readout channel consumes 81 μW at 1.5-V supply voltage featuring input-referred noise of 1.48 μVrms without multiplexing and 5.4 μVrms with multiplexing at the action-potential band (300 Hz-10 kHz).
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Erofeev A, Antifeev I, Bolshakova A, Bezprozvanny I, Vlasova O. In Vivo Penetrating Microelectrodes for Brain Electrophysiology. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22239085. [PMID: 36501805 PMCID: PMC9735502 DOI: 10.3390/s22239085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, microelectrodes have been widely used in neuroscience to understand the mechanisms behind brain functions, as well as the relationship between neural activity and behavior, perception and cognition. However, the recording of neuronal activity over a long period of time is limited for various reasons. In this review, we briefly consider the types of penetrating chronic microelectrodes, as well as the conductive and insulating materials for microelectrode manufacturing. Additionally, we consider the effects of penetrating microelectrode implantation on brain tissue. In conclusion, we review recent advances in the field of in vivo microelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Erofeev
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical Systems and Technologies, Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (O.V.)
| | - Ivan Antifeev
- Laboratory of Methods and Instruments for Genetic and Immunoassay Analysis, Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 198095 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Bolshakova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical Systems and Technologies, Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical Systems and Technologies, Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Olga Vlasova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Graduate School of Biomedical Systems and Technologies, Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (O.V.)
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Noise Power Minimization in CMOS Brain-Chip Interfaces. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020042. [PMID: 35200396 PMCID: PMC8869152 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents specific noise minimization strategies to be adopted in silicon–cell interfaces. For this objective, a complete and general model for the analog processing of the signal coming from cell–silicon junctions is presented. This model will then be described at the level of the single stages and of the fundamental parameters that characterize them (bandwidth, gain and noise). Thanks to a few design equations, it will therefore be possible to simulate the behavior of a time-division multiplexed acquisition channel, including the most relevant parameters for signal processing, such as amplification (or power of the analog signal) and noise. This model has the undoubted advantage of being particularly simple to simulate and implement, while maintaining high accuracy in estimating the signal quality (i.e., the signal-to-noise ratio, SNR). Thanks to the simulation results of the model, it will be possible to set an optimal operating point for the front-end to minimize the artifacts introduced by the time-division multiplexing (TDM) scheme and to maximize the SNR at the a-to-d converter input. The proposed results provide an SNR of 12 dB at 10 µVRMS of noise power and 50 µVRMS of signal power (both evaluated at input of the analog front-end, AFE). This is particularly relevant for cell–silicon junctions because it demonstrates that it is possible to detect weak extracellular events (of the order of few µVRMS) without necessarily increasing the total amplification of the front-end (and, therefore, as a first approximation, the dissipated electrical power), while adopting a specific gain distribution through the acquisition chain.
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Luhmann HJ. Neurophysiology of the Developing Cerebral Cortex: What We Have Learned and What We Need to Know. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:814012. [PMID: 35046777 PMCID: PMC8761895 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.814012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article aims to give a brief summary on the novel technologies, the challenges, our current understanding, and the open questions in the field of the neurophysiology of the developing cerebral cortex in rodents. In the past, in vitro electrophysiological and calcium imaging studies on single neurons provided important insights into the function of cellular and subcellular mechanism during early postnatal development. In the past decade, neuronal activity in large cortical networks was recorded in pre- and neonatal rodents in vivo by the use of novel high-density multi-electrode arrays and genetically encoded calcium indicators. These studies demonstrated a surprisingly rich repertoire of spontaneous cortical and subcortical activity patterns, which are currently not completely understood in their functional roles in early development and their impact on cortical maturation. Technological progress in targeted genetic manipulations, optogenetics, and chemogenetics now allow the experimental manipulation of specific neuronal cell types to elucidate the function of early (transient) cortical circuits and their role in the generation of spontaneous and sensory evoked cortical activity patterns. Large-scale interactions between different cortical areas and subcortical regions, characterization of developmental shifts from synchronized to desynchronized activity patterns, identification of transient circuits and hub neurons, role of electrical activity in the control of glial cell differentiation and function are future key tasks to gain further insights into the neurophysiology of the developing cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko J. Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Guimerà-Brunet A, Masvidal-Codina E, Cisneros-Fernández J, Serra-Graells F, Garrido JA. Novel transducers for high-channel-count neuroelectronic recording interfaces. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 72:39-47. [PMID: 34695765 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuroelectronic interfaces with the nervous system are an essential technology in state-of-the-art neuroscience research aiming to uncover the fundamental working mechanisms of the brain. Progress towards increased spatio-temporal resolution has been tightly linked to the advance of microelectronics technology and novel materials. Translation of these technologies to neuroscience has resulted in multichannel neural probes and acquisition systems enabling the recording of brain signals using thousands of channels. This review provides an overview of state-of-the-art neuroelectronic technologies, with emphasis on recording site architectures which enable the implementation of addressable arrays for high-channel-count neural interfaces. In this field, active transduction mechanisms are gaining importance fueled by novel materials, as they facilitate the implementation of high density addressable arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Guimerà-Brunet
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Masvidal-Codina
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Serra-Graells
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Bellaterra, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose A Garrido
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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