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Krapoth TC, Henle GS, Avdyli M, Bektić B, Schwarzkopf KM, Bešić L, Zeuzem S, Welsch C, Kraus N, Ortiz C. Wanted: Dead or Alive Cells with Propidium Iodide Staining in Liver Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13521. [PMID: 39769284 PMCID: PMC11679561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252413521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of propidium iodide as a reliable marker for detecting dead or dying cells in frozen liver tissue sections. By comparing propidium iodide staining with the widely used Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, both methods showed consistent results in disease models such as alcohol-induced fibrosis and Western diet-induced fatty liver. Additionally, propidium iodide was successfully co-stained with other fluorescent markers, like phalloidin (for actin filaments) and antibodies targeting collagen, enabling detailed spatial analysis of dying cells within tissue. This multiplex approach allows for a deeper understanding of tissue organization and cell death localization, particularly in complex conditions like liver fibrosis. Moreover, our results suggest that propidium iodide staining can be applied beyond current models, offering a more accessible and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods, like TUNEL. Furthermore, its integration with other markers enables simultaneous analysis of immune responses and tissue damage, making it a powerful tool for future studies on liver disease and other inflammatory conditions. This technique has the potential to advance research into disease mechanisms and improve the evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies targeting tissue regeneration and inflammation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Christopher Krapoth
- Goethe University, Frankfurt University Hospital, Medical Clinic 1, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (T.C.K.); (G.S.H.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (K.M.S.); (S.Z.); (C.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Gina Sophie Henle
- Goethe University, Frankfurt University Hospital, Medical Clinic 1, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (T.C.K.); (G.S.H.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (K.M.S.); (S.Z.); (C.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Mihrije Avdyli
- Goethe University, Frankfurt University Hospital, Medical Clinic 1, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (T.C.K.); (G.S.H.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (K.M.S.); (S.Z.); (C.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Berina Bektić
- Goethe University, Frankfurt University Hospital, Medical Clinic 1, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (T.C.K.); (G.S.H.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (K.M.S.); (S.Z.); (C.W.); (N.K.)
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske Revolucije bb, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Katharina Maria Schwarzkopf
- Goethe University, Frankfurt University Hospital, Medical Clinic 1, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (T.C.K.); (G.S.H.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (K.M.S.); (S.Z.); (C.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Larisa Bešić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske Revolucije bb, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Goethe University, Frankfurt University Hospital, Medical Clinic 1, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (T.C.K.); (G.S.H.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (K.M.S.); (S.Z.); (C.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Christoph Welsch
- Goethe University, Frankfurt University Hospital, Medical Clinic 1, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (T.C.K.); (G.S.H.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (K.M.S.); (S.Z.); (C.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Nico Kraus
- Goethe University, Frankfurt University Hospital, Medical Clinic 1, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (T.C.K.); (G.S.H.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (K.M.S.); (S.Z.); (C.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Cristina Ortiz
- Goethe University, Frankfurt University Hospital, Medical Clinic 1, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany; (T.C.K.); (G.S.H.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (K.M.S.); (S.Z.); (C.W.); (N.K.)
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Irastorza-Valera L, Soria-Gómez E, Benitez JM, Montáns FJ, Saucedo-Mora L. Review of the Brain's Behaviour after Injury and Disease for Its Application in an Agent-Based Model (ABM). Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:362. [PMID: 38921242 PMCID: PMC11202129 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain is the most complex organ in the human body and, as such, its study entails great challenges (methodological, theoretical, etc.). Nonetheless, there is a remarkable amount of studies about the consequences of pathological conditions on its development and functioning. This bibliographic review aims to cover mostly findings related to changes in the physical distribution of neurons and their connections-the connectome-both structural and functional, as well as their modelling approaches. It does not intend to offer an extensive description of all conditions affecting the brain; rather, it presents the most common ones. Thus, here, we highlight the need for accurate brain modelling that can subsequently be used to understand brain function and be applied to diagnose, track, and simulate treatments for the most prevalent pathologies affecting the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Irastorza-Valera
- E.T.S. de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.I.-V.); (J.M.B.); (F.J.M.)
- PIMM Laboratory, ENSAM–Arts et Métiers ParisTech, 151 Bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Edgar Soria-Gómez
- Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi, 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - José María Benitez
- E.T.S. de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.I.-V.); (J.M.B.); (F.J.M.)
| | - Francisco J. Montáns
- E.T.S. de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.I.-V.); (J.M.B.); (F.J.M.)
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Luis Saucedo-Mora
- E.T.S. de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.I.-V.); (J.M.B.); (F.J.M.)
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Wang SN, Wang Z, Wang XY, Zhang XP, Xu TY, Miao CY. Humanized cerebral organoids-based ischemic stroke model for discovering of potential anti-stroke agents. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:513-523. [PMID: 36100766 PMCID: PMC9958103 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Establishing a stoke experimental model, which is better in line with the physiology and function of human brain, is the bottleneck for the development of effective anti-stroke drugs. A three-dimensional cerebral organoids (COs) from human pluripotent stem cells can mimic cell composition, cortical structure, brain neural connectivity and epigenetic genomics of in-vivo human brain, which provides a promising application in establishing humanized ischemic stroke model. COs have been used for modeling low oxygen condition-induced hypoxic injury, but there is no report on the changes of COs in response to in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced damage of ischemic stroke as well as its application in testing anti-stroke drugs. In this study we compared the cell composition of COs at different culture time and explored the cell types, cell ratios and volume size of COs at 85 days (85 d-CO). The 85 d-CO with diameter more than 2 mm was chosen for establishing humanized ischemic stroke model of OGD. By determining the time-injury relationship of the model, we observed aggravated ischemic injury of COs with OGD exposure time, obtaining first-hand evidence for the damage degree of COs under different OGD condition. The sensitivity of the model to ischemic injury and related treatment was validated by the proven pan-Caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (20 μM) and Bcl-2 inhibitor navitoclax (0.5 μM). Neuroprotective agents edaravone, butylphthalide, P7C3-A20 and ZL006 (10 μM for each) exerted similar beneficial effects in this model. Taken together, this study establishes a humanized ischemic stroke model based on COs, and provides evidence as a new research platform for anti-stroke drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xi-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tian-Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Anesthesia Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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