1
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Martinez JD, Wilson LG, Brancaleone WP, Peterson KG, Popke DS, Garzon VC, Perez Tremble RE, Donnelly MJ, Mendez Ortega SL, Torres D, Shaver JJ, Jiang S, Yang Z, Aton SJ. Hypnotic treatment improves sleep architecture and EEG disruptions and rescues memory deficits in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114266. [PMID: 38787724 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is associated with disrupted cognition and sleep abnormalities. Sleep loss negatively impacts cognitive function, and one untested possibility is that disrupted cognition in FXS is exacerbated by abnormal sleep. We tested whether ML297, a hypnotic acting on G-protein-activated inward-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, could reverse sleep phenotypes and disrupted memory in Fmr1-/y mice. Fmr1-/y mice exhibit reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and fragmented NREM architecture, altered sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations, and reduced EEG coherence between cortical areas; these are partially reversed following ML297 administration. Treatment following contextual fear or spatial learning restores disrupted memory consolidation in Fmr1-/y mice. During memory recall, Fmr1-/y mice show an altered balance of activity among hippocampal principal neurons vs. parvalbumin-expressing interneurons; this is partially reversed by ML297. Because sleep disruption could impact neurophysiological phenotypes in FXS, augmenting sleep may improve disrupted cognition in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy D Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lydia G Wilson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William P Brancaleone
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kathryn G Peterson
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Donald S Popke
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Valentina Caicedo Garzon
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roxanne E Perez Tremble
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcus J Donnelly
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Daniel Torres
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J Shaver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Jiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhongying Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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2
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Suppermpool A, Lyons DG, Broom E, Rihel J. Sleep pressure modulates single-neuron synapse number in zebrafish. Nature 2024; 629:639-645. [PMID: 38693264 PMCID: PMC11096099 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a nearly universal behaviour with unclear functions1. The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis proposes that sleep is required to renormalize the increases in synaptic number and strength that occur during wakefulness2. Some studies examining either large neuronal populations3 or small patches of dendrites4 have found evidence consistent with the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis, but whether sleep merely functions as a permissive state or actively promotes synaptic downregulation at the scale of whole neurons is unclear. Here, by repeatedly imaging all excitatory synapses on single neurons across sleep-wake states of zebrafish larvae, we show that synapses are gained during periods of wake (either spontaneous or forced) and lost during sleep in a neuron-subtype-dependent manner. However, synapse loss is greatest during sleep associated with high sleep pressure after prolonged wakefulness, and lowest in the latter half of an undisrupted night. Conversely, sleep induced pharmacologically during periods of low sleep pressure is insufficient to trigger synapse loss unless adenosine levels are boosted while noradrenergic tone is inhibited. We conclude that sleep-dependent synapse loss is regulated by sleep pressure at the level of the single neuron and that not all sleep periods are equally capable of fulfilling the functions of synaptic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Suppermpool
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Declan G Lyons
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Broom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
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3
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Wang L, Park L, Wu W, King D, Vega-Medina A, Raven F, Martinez J, Ensing A, McDonald K, Yang Z, Jiang S, Aton SJ. Sleep-dependent engram reactivation during hippocampal memory consolidation associated with subregion-specific biosynthetic changes. iScience 2024; 27:109408. [PMID: 38523798 PMCID: PMC10957462 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-learning sleep is essential for hippocampal memory processing, including contextual fear memory consolidation. We labeled context-encoding engram neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and assessed reactivation of these neurons after fear learning. Post-learning sleep deprivation (SD) selectively disrupted reactivation of inferior blade DG engram neurons, linked to SD-induced suppression of neuronal activity in the inferior, but not superior DG blade. Subregion-specific spatial profiling of transcripts revealed that transcriptomic responses to SD differed greatly between hippocampal CA1, CA3, and DG inferior blade, superior blade, and hilus. Activity-driven transcripts, and those associated with cytoskeletal remodeling, were selectively suppressed in the inferior blade. Critically, learning-driven transcriptomic changes differed dramatically between the DG blades and were absent from all other regions. Together, these data suggest that the DG is critical for sleep-dependent memory consolidation, and that the effects of sleep loss on the hippocampus are highly subregion-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lauren Park
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Weisheng Wu
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dana King
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexis Vega-Medina
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Frank Raven
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jessy Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Amy Ensing
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katherine McDonald
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhongying Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Jiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sara J. Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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4
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Misrani A, Tabassum S, Zhang ZY, Tan SH, Long C. Urolithin A Prevents Sleep-deprivation-induced Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Young and Aged Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1448-1466. [PMID: 37725214 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and negatively affects people of all ages. Cognitive impairment induced by SD involves neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Urolithin A (UA) is a natural compound that can reduce neuroinflammation and improve mitochondrial health, but its therapeutic effects in a SD model have not yet been studied. Young (3-months old) and aged (12-months old) mice were sleep deprived for 24 h, and UA (2.5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days before the SD period. Immunofluorescent staining, western blotting, and RT-PCR were employed to evaluate levels of proteins involved in neuroinflammation and mitochondrial function. Transmission electron microscope and Golgi-Cox staining were used to evaluate mitochondrial and neuronal morphology, respectively. Finally, contextual fear conditioning and the Morris water maze test were conducted to assess hippocampal learning and memory. In the hippocampus of young (3 months-old) and aged (12 months-old) mice subjected to 24 h SD, pretreatment with UA prevented the activation of microglia and astrocytes, NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling and IL-1β, IL6, TNF-α cytokine production, thus ameliorating neuroinflammation. Furthermore, UA also attenuated SD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, normalized autophagy and mitophagy and protected hippocampal neuronal morphology. Finally, UA prevented SD-induced hippocampal memory impairment. Cumulatively, the results show that UA imparts cognitive protection by reducing neuroinflammation and enhancing mitochondrial function in SD mice. This suggests that UA shows promise as a therapeutic for the treatment of SD-induced neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Misrani
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Sidra Tabassum
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zai-Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
- Cardiovascular Institute of Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Shao-Hua Tan
- Department of Neurology, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Cheng Long
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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Satchell M, Fry B, Noureddine Z, Simmons A, Ognjanovski NN, Aton SJ, Zochowski MR. Neuromodulation via muscarinic acetylcholine pathway can facilitate distinct, complementary, and sequential roles for NREM and REM states during sleep-dependent memory consolidation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.19.541465. [PMID: 38293183 PMCID: PMC10827095 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.541465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Across vertebrate species, sleep consists of repeating cycles of NREM followed by REM. However, the respective functions of NREM, REM, and their stereotypic cycling pattern are not well understood. Using a simplified biophysical network model, we show that NREM and REM sleep can play differential and critical roles in memory consolidation primarily regulated, based on state-specific changes in cholinergic signaling. Within this network, decreasing and increasing muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) signaling during bouts of NREM and REM, respectively, differentially alters neuronal excitability and excitatory/inhibitory balance. During NREM, deactivation of inhibitory neurons leads to network-wide disinhibition and bursts of synchronized activity led by firing in engram neurons. These features strengthen connections from the original engram neurons to less-active network neurons. In contrast, during REM, an increase in network inhibition suppresses firing in all but the most-active excitatory neurons, leading to competitive strengthening/pruning of the memory trace. We tested the predictions of the model against in vivo recordings from mouse hippocampus during active sleep-dependent memory storage. Consistent with modeling results, we find that functional connectivity between CA1 neurons changes differentially at transition from NREM to REM sleep during learning. Returning to the model, we find that an iterative sequence of state-specific activations during NREM/REM cycling is essential for memory storage in the network, serving a critical role during simultaneous consolidation of multiple memories. Together these results provide a testable mechanistic hypothesis for the respective roles of NREM and REM sleep, and their universal relative timing, in memory consolidation. Significance statement Using a simplified computational model and in vivo recordings from mouse hippocampus, we show that NREM and REM sleep can play differential roles in memory consolidation. The specific neurophysiological features of the two sleep states allow for expansion of memory traces (during NREM) and prevention of overlap between different memory traces (during REM). These features are likely essential in the context of storing more than one new memory simultaneously within a brain network.
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Etter G, Carmichael JE, Williams S. Linking temporal coordination of hippocampal activity to memory function. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1233849. [PMID: 37720546 PMCID: PMC10501408 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1233849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oscillations in neural activity are widespread throughout the brain and can be observed at the population level through the local field potential. These rhythmic patterns are associated with cycles of excitability and are thought to coordinate networks of neurons, in turn facilitating effective communication both within local circuits and across brain regions. In the hippocampus, theta rhythms (4-12 Hz) could contribute to several key physiological mechanisms including long-range synchrony, plasticity, and at the behavioral scale, support memory encoding and retrieval. While neurons in the hippocampus appear to be temporally coordinated by theta oscillations, they also tend to fire in sequences that are developmentally preconfigured. Although loss of theta rhythmicity impairs memory, these sequences of spatiotemporal representations persist in conditions of altered hippocampal oscillations. The focus of this review is to disentangle the relative contribution of hippocampal oscillations from single-neuron activity in learning and memory. We first review cellular, anatomical, and physiological mechanisms underlying the generation and maintenance of hippocampal rhythms and how they contribute to memory function. We propose candidate hypotheses for how septohippocampal oscillations could support memory function while not contributing directly to hippocampal sequences. In particular, we explore how theta rhythms could coordinate the integration of upstream signals in the hippocampus to form future decisions, the relevance of such integration to downstream regions, as well as setting the stage for behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity. Finally, we leverage stimulation-based treatment in Alzheimer's disease conditions as an opportunity to assess the sufficiency of hippocampal oscillations for memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvain Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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7
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Martinez JD, Wilson LG, Brancaleone WP, Peterson KG, Popke DS, Garzon VC, Perez Tremble RE, Donnelly MJ, Mendez Ortega SL, Torres D, Shaver JJ, Clawson BC, Jiang S, Yang Z, Aton SJ. Hypnotic treatment reverses NREM sleep disruption and EEG desynchronization in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome to rescue memory consolidation deficits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.14.549070. [PMID: 37502832 PMCID: PMC10370139 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.14.549070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a highly-prevalent genetic cause of intellectual disability, associated with disrupted cognition and sleep abnormalities. Sleep loss itself negatively impacts cognitive function, yet the contribution of sleep loss to impaired cognition in FXS is vastly understudied. One untested possibility is that disrupted cognition in FXS is exacerbated by abnormal sleep. We hypothesized that restoration of sleep-dependent mechanisms could improve functions such as memory consolidation in FXS. We examined whether administration of ML297, a hypnotic drug acting on G-protein-activated inward-rectifying potassium channels, could restore sleep phenotypes and improve disrupted memory consolidation in Fmr1 -/y mice. Using 24-h polysomnographic recordings, we found that Fmr1 -/y mice exhibit reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and fragmented NREM sleep architecture, alterations in NREM EEG spectral power (including reductions in sleep spindles), and reduced EEG coherence between cortical areas. These alterations were reversed in the hours following ML297 administration. Hypnotic treatment following contextual fear or spatial learning also ameliorated disrupted memory consolidation in Fmr1 -/y mice. Hippocampal activation patterns during memory recall was altered in Fmr1 -/y mice, reflecting an altered balance of activity among principal neurons vs. parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. This phenotype was partially reversed by post-learning ML297 administration. These studies suggest that sleep disruption could have a major impact on neurophysiological and behavioral phenotypes in FXS, and that hypnotic therapy may significantly improve disrupted cognition in this disorder.
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8
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Martinez JD, Donnelly MJ, Popke DS, Torres D, Wilson LG, Brancaleone WP, Sheskey S, Lin CM, Clawson BC, Jiang S, Aton SJ. Enriched binocular experience followed by sleep optimally restores binocular visual cortical responses in a mouse model of amblyopia. Commun Biol 2023; 6:408. [PMID: 37055505 PMCID: PMC10102075 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of primary visual cortex have furthered our understanding of amblyopia, long-lasting visual impairment caused by imbalanced input from the two eyes during childhood, which is commonly treated by patching the dominant eye. However, the relative impacts of monocular vs. binocular visual experiences on recovery from amblyopia are unclear. Moreover, while sleep promotes visual cortex plasticity following loss of input from one eye, its role in recovering binocular visual function is unknown. Using monocular deprivation in juvenile male mice to model amblyopia, we compared recovery of cortical neurons' visual responses after identical-duration, identical-quality binocular or monocular visual experiences. We demonstrate that binocular experience is quantitatively superior in restoring binocular responses in visual cortex neurons. However, this recovery was seen only in freely-sleeping mice; post-experience sleep deprivation prevented functional recovery. Thus, both binocular visual experience and subsequent sleep help to optimally renormalize bV1 responses in a mouse model of amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy D Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcus J Donnelly
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donald S Popke
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Torres
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lydia G Wilson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sarah Sheskey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cheng-Mao Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brittany C Clawson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sha Jiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Martinez JD, Brancaleone WP, Peterson KG, Wilson LG, Aton SJ. Atypical hypnotic compound ML297 restores sleep architecture immediately following emotionally valenced learning, to promote memory consolidation and hippocampal network activation during recall. Sleep 2023; 46:6891077. [PMID: 36510822 PMCID: PMC9995787 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep plays a critical role in consolidating many forms of hippocampus-dependent memory. While various classes of hypnotic drugs have been developed in recent years, it remains unknown whether, or how, some of them affect sleep-dependent memory consolidation mechanisms. We find that ML297, a recently developed candidate hypnotic agent targeting a new mechanism (activating GIRK1/2-subunit containing G-protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium [GIRK] channels), alters sleep architecture in mice over the first 6 hr following a single-trial learning event. Following contextual fear conditioning (CFC), ML297 reversed post-CFC reductions in NREM sleep spindle power and REM sleep amounts and architecture, renormalizing sleep features to what was observed at baseline, prior to CFC. Renormalization of post-CFC REM sleep latency, REM sleep amounts, and NREM spindle power were all associated with improved contextual fear memory (CFM) consolidation. We find that improvements in CFM consolidation due to ML297 are sleep-dependent, and are associated with increased numbers of highly activated dentate gyrus (DG), CA1, and CA3 neurons during CFM recall. Together our findings suggest that GIRK1/2 channel activation restores normal sleep architecture- including REM sleep, which is normally suppressed following CFC-and increases the number of hippocampal neurons incorporated into the CFM engram during memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy D Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William P Brancaleone
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kathryn G Peterson
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lydia G Wilson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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10
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Sato Y, Schmitt O, Ip Z, Rabiller G, Omodaka S, Tominaga T, Yazdan-Shahmorad A, Liu J. Pathological changes of brain oscillations following ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1753-1776. [PMID: 35754347 PMCID: PMC9536122 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221105677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain oscillations recorded in the extracellular space are among the most important aspects of neurophysiology data reflecting the activity and function of neurons in a population or a network. The signal strength and patterns of brain oscillations can be powerful biomarkers used for disease detection and prediction of the recovery of function. Electrophysiological signals can also serve as an index for many cutting-edge technologies aiming to interface between the nervous system and neuroprosthetic devices and to monitor the efficacy of boosting neural activity. In this review, we provided an overview of the basic knowledge regarding local field potential, electro- or magneto- encephalography signals, and their biological relevance, followed by a summary of the findings reported in various clinical and experimental stroke studies. We reviewed evidence of stroke-induced changes in hippocampal oscillations and disruption of communication between brain networks as potential mechanisms underlying post-stroke cognitive dysfunction. We also discussed the promise of brain stimulation in promoting post stroke functional recovery via restoring neural activity and enhancing brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimichi Sato
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Oliver Schmitt
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zachary Ip
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gratianne Rabiller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shunsuke Omodaka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jialing Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Li KT, He X, Zhou G, Yang J, Li T, Hu H, Ji D, Zhou C, Ma H. Rational designing of oscillatory rhythmicity for memory rescue in plasticity-impaired learning networks. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110678. [PMID: 35417714 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain, oscillatory strength embedded in network rhythmicity is important for processing experiences, and this process is disrupted in certain psychiatric disorders. The use of rhythmic network stimuli can change these oscillations and has shown promise in terms of improving cognitive function, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we combine a two-layer learning model, with experiments involving genetically modified mice, that provides precise control of experience-driven oscillations by manipulating long-term potentiation of excitatory synapses onto inhibitory interneurons (LTPE→I). We find that, in the absence of LTPE→I, impaired network dynamics and memory are rescued by activating inhibitory neurons to augment the power in theta and gamma frequencies, which prevents network overexcitation with less inhibitory rebound. In contrast, increasing either theta or gamma power alone was less effective. Thus, inducing network changes at dual frequencies is involved in memory encoding, indicating a potentially feasible strategy for optimizing network-stimulating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Tung Li
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies, Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong), Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingzhi He
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guangjun Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hailan Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Units for Emotion and Emotion disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Daoyun Ji
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Changsong Zhou
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies, Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong), Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Huan Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Units for Emotion and Emotion disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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12
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Hippocampal neurons' cytosolic and membrane-bound ribosomal transcript profiles are differentially regulated by learning and subsequent sleep. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108534118. [PMID: 34819370 PMCID: PMC8640746 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108534118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss disrupts consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory. To understand the cellular basis for this effect, we quantified RNAs associated with translating ribosomes in cytosol and on cellular membranes of different hippocampal neuron populations. Our analysis suggests that while sleep loss (but not learning) alters numerous ribosomal transcripts in cytosol, learning has dramatic effects on transcript profiles for less–well-characterized membrane-bound ribosomes. We demonstrate that postlearning sleep deprivation occludes already minimal learning-driven changes on cytosolic ribosomes. It simultaneously alters transcripts associated with metabolic and biosynthetic processes in membrane-bound ribosomes in excitatory hippocampal neurons and highly active, putative “engram” neurons, respectively. Together, these findings provide insights into the cellular mechanisms altered by learning and their disruption by subsequent sleep loss. The hippocampus is essential for consolidating transient experiences into long-lasting memories. Memory consolidation is facilitated by postlearning sleep, although the underlying cellular mechanisms are largely unknown. We took an unbiased approach to this question by using a mouse model of hippocampally mediated, sleep-dependent memory consolidation (contextual fear memory). Because synaptic plasticity is associated with changes to both neuronal cell membranes (e.g., receptors) and cytosol (e.g., cytoskeletal elements), we characterized how these cell compartments are affected by learning and subsequent sleep or sleep deprivation (SD). Translating ribosome affinity purification was used to profile ribosome-associated RNAs in different subcellular compartments (cytosol and membrane) and in different cell populations (whole hippocampus, Camk2a+ neurons, or highly active neurons with phosphorylated ribosomal subunit S6 [pS6+]). We examined how transcript profiles change as a function of sleep versus SD and prior learning (contextual fear conditioning; CFC). While sleep loss altered many cytosolic ribosomal transcripts, CFC altered almost none, and CFC-driven changes were occluded by subsequent SD. In striking contrast, SD altered few transcripts on membrane-bound (MB) ribosomes, while learning altered many more (including long non-coding RNAs [lncRNAs]). The cellular pathways most affected by CFC were involved in structural remodeling. Comparisons of post-CFC MB transcript profiles between sleeping and SD mice implicated changes in cellular metabolism in Camk2a+ neurons and protein synthesis in highly active pS6+ (putative “engram”) neurons as biological processes disrupted by SD. These findings provide insights into how learning affects hippocampal neurons and suggest that the effects of SD on memory consolidation are cell type and subcellular compartment specific.
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13
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Czarnecki P, Lin J, Aton SJ, Zochowski M. Dynamical Mechanism Underlying Scale-Free Network Reorganization in Low Acetylcholine States Corresponding to Slow Wave Sleep. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 1:759131. [PMID: 35785148 PMCID: PMC9249096 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2021.759131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is indispensable for most animals' cognitive functions, and is hypothesized to be a major factor in memory consolidation. Although we do not fully understand the mechanisms of network reorganisation driving memory consolidation, available data suggests that sleep-associated neurochemical changes may be important for such processes. In particular, global acetylcholine levels change across the sleep/wake cycle, with high cholinergic tone during wake and REM sleep and low cholinergic tone during slow wave sleep. Furthermore, experimental perturbation of cholinergic tone has been shown to impact memory storage. Through in silico modeling of neuronal networks, we show how spiking dynamics change in highly heterogenous networks under varying levels of cholinergic tone, with neuronal networks under high cholinergic modulation firing asynchronously and at high frequencies, while those under low cholinergic modulation exhibit synchronous patterns of activity. We further examined the network's dynamics and its reorganization mediated via changing levels of acetylcholine within the context of different scale-free topologies, comparing network activity within the hub cells, a small group of neurons having high degree connectivity, and with the rest of the network. We show a dramatic, state-dependent change in information flow throughout the network, with highly active hub cells integrating information in a high-acetylcholine state, and transferring it to rest of the network in a low-acetylcholine state. This result is experimentally corroborated by frequency-dependent frequency changes observed in vivo experiments. Together, these findings provide insight into how new neurons are recruited into memory traces during sleep, a mechanism which may underlie system memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Czarnecki
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jack Lin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sara J. Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michal Zochowski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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14
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Raven F, Aton SJ. The Engram's Dark Horse: How Interneurons Regulate State-Dependent Memory Processing and Plasticity. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:750541. [PMID: 34588960 PMCID: PMC8473837 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.750541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain states such as arousal and sleep play critical roles in memory encoding, storage, and recall. Recent studies have highlighted the role of engram neurons–populations of neurons activated during learning–in subsequent memory consolidation and recall. These engram populations are generally assumed to be glutamatergic, and the vast majority of data regarding the function of engram neurons have focused on glutamatergic pyramidal or granule cell populations in either the hippocampus, amygdala, or neocortex. Recent data suggest that sleep and wake states differentially regulate the activity and temporal dynamics of engram neurons. Two potential mechanisms for this regulation are either via direct regulation of glutamatergic engram neuron excitability and firing, or via state-dependent effects on interneuron populations–which in turn modulate the activity of glutamatergic engram neurons. Here, we will discuss recent findings related to the roles of interneurons in state-regulated memory processes and synaptic plasticity, and the potential therapeutic implications of understanding these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Raven
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Sciences, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Sciences, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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15
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Skilling QM, Eniwaye B, Clawson BC, Shaver J, Ognjanovski N, Aton SJ, Zochowski M. Acetylcholine-gated current translates wake neuronal firing rate information into a spike timing-based code in Non-REM sleep, stabilizing neural network dynamics during memory consolidation. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009424. [PMID: 34543284 PMCID: PMC8483332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is critical for memory consolidation, although the exact mechanisms mediating this process are unknown. Combining reduced network models and analysis of in vivo recordings, we tested the hypothesis that neuromodulatory changes in acetylcholine (ACh) levels during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep mediate stabilization of network-wide firing patterns, with temporal order of neurons’ firing dependent on their mean firing rate during wake. In both reduced models and in vivo recordings from mouse hippocampus, we find that the relative order of firing among neurons during NREM sleep reflects their relative firing rates during prior wake. Our modeling results show that this remapping of wake-associated, firing frequency-based representations is based on NREM-associated changes in neuronal excitability mediated by ACh-gated potassium current. We also show that learning-dependent reordering of sequential firing during NREM sleep, together with spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), reconfigures neuronal firing rates across the network. This rescaling of firing rates has been reported in multiple brain circuits across periods of sleep. Our model and experimental data both suggest that this effect is amplified in neural circuits following learning. Together our data suggest that sleep may bias neural networks from firing rate-based towards phase-based information encoding to consolidate memories. We show that neuromodulatory changes during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep generate stable spike timing relationships between neurons, the ordering of which reflects the neurons’ relative firing rates during wake. Learning-dependent ordering of firing in the hippocampus during NREM, acting in tandem with spike timing-dependent plasticity, reconfigures neuronal firing rates across the hippocampal network. This “rescaling” of neuronal firing rates has recently been reported in multiple brain circuits across periods of sleep. Together, our results suggest that the brain is remapping frequency-biased representations of information formed during wake into timing biased-representations during NREM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinton M Skilling
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bolaji Eniwaye
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brittany C Clawson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James Shaver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nicolette Ognjanovski
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michal Zochowski
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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16
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Delorme J, Wang L, Kuhn FR, Kodoth V, Ma J, Martinez JD, Raven F, Toth BA, Balendran V, Vega Medina A, Jiang S, Aton SJ. Sleep loss drives acetylcholine- and somatostatin interneuron-mediated gating of hippocampal activity to inhibit memory consolidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019318118. [PMID: 34344824 PMCID: PMC8364159 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019318118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss disrupts consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory. To characterize effects of learning and sleep loss, we quantified activity-dependent phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (pS6) across the dorsal hippocampus of mice. We find that pS6 is enhanced in dentate gyrus (DG) following single-trial contextual fear conditioning (CFC) but is reduced throughout the hippocampus after brief sleep deprivation (SD; which disrupts contextual fear memory [CFM] consolidation). To characterize neuronal populations affected by SD, we used translating ribosome affinity purification sequencing to identify cell type-specific transcripts on pS6 ribosomes (pS6-TRAP). Cell type-specific enrichment analysis revealed that SD selectively activated hippocampal somatostatin-expressing (Sst+) interneurons and cholinergic and orexinergic hippocampal inputs. To understand the functional consequences of SD-elevated Sst+ interneuron activity, we used pharmacogenetics to activate or inhibit hippocampal Sst+ interneurons or cholinergic input from the medial septum. The activation of either cell population was sufficient to disrupt sleep-dependent CFM consolidation by gating activity in granule cells. The inhibition of either cell population during sleep promoted CFM consolidation and increased S6 phosphorylation among DG granule cells, suggesting their disinhibition by these manipulations. The inhibition of either population across post-CFC SD was insufficient to fully rescue CFM deficits, suggesting that additional features of sleeping brain activity are required for consolidation. Together, our data suggest that state-dependent gating of DG activity may be mediated by cholinergic input and local Sst+ interneurons. This mechanism could act as a sleep loss-driven inhibitory gate on hippocampal information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Delorme
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Femke Roig Kuhn
- Program in Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Varna Kodoth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Jingqun Ma
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Jessy D Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Frank Raven
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Brandon A Toth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Vinodh Balendran
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Alexis Vega Medina
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Sha Jiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019;
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17
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Okonogi T, Sasaki T. Theta-Range Oscillations in Stress-Induced Mental Disorders as an Oscillotherapeutic Target. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:698753. [PMID: 34177486 PMCID: PMC8219864 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.698753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional behavior and psychological disorders are expressed through coordinated interactions across multiple brain regions. Brain electrophysiological signals are composed of diverse neuronal oscillations, representing cell-level to region-level neuronal activity patterns, and serve as a biomarker of mental disorders. Here, we review recent observations from rodents demonstrating how neuronal oscillations in the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex are engaged in emotional behavior and altered by psychiatric changes such as anxiety and depression. In particular, we focus mainly on theta-range (4–12 Hz) oscillations, including several distinct oscillations in this frequency range. We then discuss therapeutic possibilities related to controlling such mental disease-related neuronal oscillations to ameliorate psychiatric symptoms and disorders in rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toya Okonogi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Gamma Oscillations Facilitate Effective Learning in Excitatory-Inhibitory Balanced Neural Circuits. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6668175. [PMID: 33542728 PMCID: PMC7840255 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma oscillation in neural circuits is believed to associate with effective learning in the brain, while the underlying mechanism is unclear. This paper aims to study how spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), a typical mechanism of learning, with its interaction with gamma oscillation in neural circuits, shapes the network dynamics properties and the network structure formation. We study an excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) integrate-and-fire neuronal network with triplet STDP, heterosynaptic plasticity, and a transmitter-induced plasticity. Our results show that the performance of plasticity is diverse in different synchronization levels. We find that gamma oscillation is beneficial to synaptic potentiation among stimulated neurons by forming a special network structure where the sum of excitatory input synaptic strength is correlated with the sum of inhibitory input synaptic strength. The circuit can maintain E-I balanced input on average, whereas the balance is temporal broken during the learning-induced oscillations. Our study reveals a potential mechanism about the benefits of gamma oscillation on learning in biological neural circuits.
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19
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Sharma R, Sahota P, Thakkar MM. Short-term sleep deprivation immediately after contextual conditioning inhibits BDNF signaling and disrupts memory consolidation in predator odor trauma mice model of PTSD. Brain Res 2020; 1750:147155. [PMID: 33069732 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric illness affecting > 7 million people every year in the US. Recently, we have shown that the mouse model of predator odor trauma (POT) displayed contextual conditioning and core features of PTSD including sleep disturbances (hyperarousal) and retrieval of traumatic memories following exposure to objective reminders (re-experiencing). PTSD is a disorder of memory function. Since memory consolidation requires the expression of BDNF along with an activation of MAPK/pERK signaling pathway in limbic brain structures (hippocampus and amygdala) and sleep favors memory consolidation, we hypothesized that short-term sleep deprivation (SD, 3 h), immediately after contextual conditioning will attenuate molecular correlates of memory consolidation, sleep disturbances, and memory consolidation. We performed two experiments in adult male C57BL/6J mice to test our hypothesis. Experiment 1 determined the effects of SD on contextual conditioning and changes in sleep wakefulness. Experiment 2 determined the effects of SD on contextual conditioning-induced changes in the expression of BDNF and pERK in hippocampus and amygdala. SD immediately after contextual conditioning (POT + SD group) significantly attenuated sleep disturbances, memory retrieval, and expression of pERK and BDNF in the hippocampus and amygdala as compared to POT-SD group (no SD after contextual conditioning). No significant differences were observed between POT + SD, NOC-SD (no contextual conditioning + no SD), and NOC + SD (no contextual conditioning + SD) groups. Memory consolidation requires sleep and the expression of pERK and BDNF in hippocampus and amygdala immediately after contextual conditioning in POT model of PTSD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Sharma
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital and Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Pradeep Sahota
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital and Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Mahesh M Thakkar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital and Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States.
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20
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Goode TD, Tanaka KZ, Sahay A, McHugh TJ. An Integrated Index: Engrams, Place Cells, and Hippocampal Memory. Neuron 2020; 107:805-820. [PMID: 32763146 PMCID: PMC7486247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus and its extended network contribute to encoding and recall of episodic experiences. Drawing from recent anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies, we propose that hippocampal engrams function as indices to mediate memory recall. We broaden this idea to discuss potential relationships between engrams and hippocampal place cells, as well as the molecular, cellular, physiological, and circuit determinants of engrams that permit flexible routing of information to intra- and extrahippocampal circuits for reinstatement, a feature critical to memory indexing. Incorporating indexing into frameworks of memory function opens new avenues of study and even therapies for hippocampal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis D Goode
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kazumasa Z Tanaka
- Memory Research Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Amar Sahay
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Thomas J McHugh
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan.
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21
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He JW, Rabiller G, Nishijima Y, Akamatsu Y, Khateeb K, Yazdan-Shahmorad A, Liu J. Experimental cortical stroke induces aberrant increase of sharp-wave-associated ripples in the hippocampus and disrupts cortico-hippocampal communication. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1778-1796. [PMID: 31558106 PMCID: PMC7446570 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19877889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The functional consequences of ischemic stroke in the remote brain regions are not well characterized. The current study sought to determine changes in hippocampal oscillatory activity that may underlie the cognitive impairment observed following distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) without causing hippocampal structural damage. Local field potentials were recorded from the dorsal hippocampus and cortex in urethane-anesthetized rats with multichannel silicon probes during dMCAO and reperfusion, or mild ischemia induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO). Bilateral change of brain state was evidenced by reduced theta/delta amplitude ratio and shortened high theta duration following acute dMCAO but not CCAO. An aberrant increase in the occurrence of sharp-wave-associated ripples (150-250 Hz), crucial for memory consolidation, was only detected after dMCAO reperfusion, coinciding with an increased occurrence of high-frequency discharges (250-450 Hz). dMCAO also significantly affected the modulation of gamma amplitude in the cortex coupled to hippocampal theta phase, although both hippocampal theta and gamma power were temporarily decreased during dMCAO. Our results suggest that MCAO may disrupt the balance between excitatory and inhibitory circuits in the hippocampus and alter the function of cortico-hippocampal network, providing a novel insight in how cortical stroke affects function in remote brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei He
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gratianne Rabiller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yasuo Nishijima
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yosuke Akamatsu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Karam Khateeb
- Departments of Bioengineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad
- Departments of Bioengineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jialing Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
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22
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Feld GB, Born J. Neurochemical mechanisms for memory processing during sleep: basic findings in humans and neuropsychiatric implications. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:31-44. [PMID: 31443105 PMCID: PMC6879745 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is essential for memory formation. Active systems consolidation maintains that memory traces that are initially stored in a transient store such as the hippocampus are gradually redistributed towards more permanent storage sites such as the cortex during sleep replay. The complementary synaptic homeostasis theory posits that weak memory traces are erased during sleep through a competitive down-selection mechanism, ensuring the brain's capability to learn new information. We discuss evidence from neuropharmacological experiments in humans to show how major neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are implicated in these memory processes. As to the major excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate that plays a prominent role in inducing synaptic consolidation, we show that these processes, while strengthening cortical memory traces during sleep, are insufficient to explain the consolidation of hippocampus-dependent declarative memories. In the inhibitory GABAergic system, we will offer insights how drugs may alter the intricate interplay of sleep oscillations that have been identified to be crucial for strengthening memories during sleep. Regarding the dopaminergic reward system, we will show how it is engaged during sleep replay, but that dopaminergic neuromodulation likely plays a side role for enhancing relevant memories during sleep. Also, we briefly go into basic evidence on acetylcholine and cortisol whose low tone during slow wave sleep (SWS) is crucial in supporting hippocampal-to-neocortical memory transmission. Finally, we will outline how these insights can be used to improve treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders focusing mainly on anxiety disorders, depression, and addiction that are strongly related to memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon B Feld
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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23
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Ognjanovski N, Broussard C, Zochowski M, Aton SJ. Hippocampal Network Oscillations Rescue Memory Consolidation Deficits Caused by Sleep Loss. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:3711-3723. [PMID: 30060138 PMCID: PMC6132282 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillations in the hippocampal network during sleep are proposed to play a role in memory storage by patterning neuronal ensemble activity. Here we show that following single-trial fear learning, sleep deprivation (which impairs memory consolidation) disrupts coherent firing rhythms in hippocampal area CA1. State-targeted optogenetic inhibition of CA1 parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons during postlearning NREM sleep, but not REM sleep or wake, disrupts contextual fear memory (CFM) consolidation in a manner similar to sleep deprivation. NREM-targeted inhibition disrupts CA1 network oscillations which predict successful memory storage. Rhythmic optogenetic activation of PV+ interneurons following learning generates CA1 oscillations with coherent principal neuron firing. This patterning of CA1 activity rescues CFM consolidation in sleep-deprived mice. Critically, behavioral and optogenetic manipulations that disrupt CFM also disrupt learning-induced stabilization of CA1 ensembles’ communication patterns in the hours following learning. Conversely, manipulations that promote CFM also promote long-term stability of CA1 communication patterns. We conclude that sleep promotes memory consolidation by generating coherent rhythms of CA1 network activity, which provide consistent communication patterns within neuronal ensembles. Most importantly, we show that this rhythmic patterning of activity is sufficient to promote long-term memory storage in the absence of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Ognjanovski
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher Broussard
- Information Technology Advocacy and Research Support, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michal Zochowski
- Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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King E, Campbell A, Belger A, Grewen K. Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Disrupts Infant Neural Markers of Orienting. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 20:897-902. [PMID: 29059450 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) from maternal cigarette smoking is linked to developmental deficits, including impaired auditory processing, language, generalized intelligence, attention, and sleep. Fetal brain undergoes massive growth, organization, and connectivity during gestation, making it particularly vulnerable to neurotoxic insult. Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are extensively involved in growth, connectivity, and function of developing neural circuitry and neurotransmitter systems. Thus, PNE may have long-term impact on neurobehavioral development. The purpose of this study was to compare the auditory K-complex, an event-related potential reflective of auditory gating, sleep preservation and memory consolidation during sleep, in infants with and without PNE and to relate these neural correlates to neurobehavioral development. Methods We compared brain responses to an auditory paired-click paradigm in 3- to 5-month-old infants during Stage 2 sleep, when the K-complex is best observed. We measured component amplitude and delta activity during the K-complex. Results Infants with PNE demonstrated significantly smaller amplitude of the N550 component and reduced delta-band power within elicited K-complexes compared to nonexposed infants and also were less likely to orient with a head turn to a novel auditory stimulus (bell ring) when awake. Conclusions PNE may impair auditory sensory gating, which may contribute to disrupted sleep and to reduced auditory discrimination and learning, attention re-orienting, and/or arousal during wakefulness reported in other studies. Implications Links between PNE and reduced K-complex amplitude and delta power may represent altered cholinergic and GABAergic synaptic programming and possibly reflect early neural bases for PNE-linked disruptions in sleep quality and auditory processing. These may pose significant disadvantage for language acquisition, attention, and social interaction necessary for academic and social success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Alana Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Karen Grewen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
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25
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Lutz ND, Born J. Sleep to make more of your memories: Decoding hidden rules from encoded information. Sleep Med Rev 2019; 47:122-124. [PMID: 31447252 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas D Lutz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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26
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Puentes-Mestril C, Roach J, Niethard N, Zochowski M, Aton SJ. How rhythms of the sleeping brain tune memory and synaptic plasticity. Sleep 2019; 42:zsz095. [PMID: 31100149 PMCID: PMC6612670 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of neurobehavioral research has linked sleep-associated rhythms in various brain areas to improvements in cognitive performance. However, it remains unclear what synaptic changes might underlie sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation and procedural task improvement, and why these same changes appear not to occur across a similar interval of wake. Here we describe recent research on how one specific feature of sleep-network rhythms characteristic of rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement-could drive synaptic strengthening or weakening in specific brain circuits. We provide an overview of how these rhythms could affect synaptic plasticity individually and in concert. We also present an overarching hypothesis for how all network rhythms occurring across the sleeping brain could aid in encoding new information in neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Roach
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Niels Niethard
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michal Zochowski
- Department of Physics, Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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27
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Hwaun E, Colgin LL. CA3 place cells that represent a novel waking experience are preferentially reactivated during sharp wave-ripples in subsequent sleep. Hippocampus 2019; 29:921-938. [PMID: 30891854 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A popular model of memory consolidation posits that recent memories stored in the hippocampus are reactivated during sleep and thereby transferred to neocortex for long-term storage. This process is thought to occur during sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) in nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM). However, whether the hippocampus consolidates all recent memories in the same manner remains unclear. An efficient memory system may extract novel information from recent experiences for preferential consolidation. In the hippocampus, memories are thought to be stored initially in CA3. Therefore, CA3 place cells that encode novel experiences may be preferentially reactivated during SWRs in subsequent sleep. To test this hypothesis, we recorded CA3 place cells in rats during exposure to a familiar and a novel environment and during subsequent overnight sleep. We found that CA3 place cells that preferentially coded a novel environment showed larger firing rate increases during SWRs in NREM than place cells that preferentially coded a familiar environment. Moreover, CA3 place cell ensembles replayed trajectories from a novel environment during NREM with higher fidelity than trajectories from a familiar environment. Together, these results suggest that CA3 representations of novel experiences are preferentially processed during subsequent sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernie Hwaun
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Laura Lee Colgin
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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28
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Moulin TC, Petiz LL, Rayêe D, Winne J, Maia RG, Lima da Cruz RV, Amaral OB, Leão RN. Chronic in vivo optogenetic stimulation modulates neuronal excitability, spine morphology, and Hebbian plasticity in the mouse hippocampus. Hippocampus 2019; 29:755-761. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C. Moulin
- Leopoldo de Meis Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | - Lyvia L. Petiz
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | - Danielle Rayêe
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Jessica Winne
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | - Roberto G. Maia
- Leopoldo de Meis Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Olavo B. Amaral
- Leopoldo de Meis Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Richardson N. Leão
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
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29
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Adult vitamin D deficiency disrupts hippocampal-dependent learning and structural brain connectivity in BALB/c mice. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1315-1329. [PMID: 30712221 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence from human and animal studies support an association between vitamin D deficiency and cognitive impairment. Previous studies have shown that hippocampal volume is reduced in adults with vitamin D deficiency as well as in a range of disorders, such as schizophrenia. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of adult vitamin D (AVD) deficiency on hippocampal-dependent spatial learning, and hippocampal volume and connectivity in healthy adult mice. Ten-week-old male BALB/c mice were fed a control (vitamin D 1500 IU/kg) or vitamin D-depleted (vitamin D 0 IU/kg) diet for a minimum of 10 weeks. The mice were then tested for hippocampal-dependent spatial learning using active place avoidance (APA) and on tests of muscle and motor coordination (rotarod and grip strength). The mice were perfused and brains collected to acquire ex vivo structural and diffusion-weighted images using a 16.4 T MRI scanner. We also performed immunohistochemistry to quantify perineuronal nets (PNNs) and parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in various brain regions. AVD-deficient mice had a lower latency to enter the shock zone on APA, compared to control mice, suggesting impaired hippocampal-dependent spatial learning. There were no differences in rotarod or grip strength, indicating that AVD deficiency did not have an impact on muscle or motor coordination. AVD deficiency did not have an impact on hippocampal volume. However, AVD-deficient mice displayed a disrupted network centred on the right hippocampus with abnormal connectomes among 29 nodes. We found a reduction in PNN positive cells, but no change in PV, centred on the hippocampus. Our results provide compelling evidence to show that AVD deficiency in otherwise healthy adult mice may play a key role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory formation. We suggest that the spatial learning deficits could be due to the disruption of right hippocampal structural connectivity.
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30
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Çalışkan G, Stork O. Hippocampal network oscillations at the interplay between innate anxiety and learned fear. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:321-338. [PMID: 30417233 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus plays a central role as a hub for episodic memory and as an integrator of multimodal sensory information in time and space. Thereby, it critically determines contextual setting and specificity of episodic memories. It is also a key site for the control of innate anxiety states and involved in psychiatric diseases with heightened anxiety and generalized fear memory such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Expression of both innate "unlearned" anxiety and "learned" fear requires contextual processing and engagement of a brain-wide network including the hippocampus together with the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. Strikingly, the hippocampus is also the site of emergence of oscillatory rhythms that coordinate information processing and filtering in this network. Here, we review data on how the hippocampal network oscillations and their coordination with amygdalar and prefrontal oscillations are engaged in innate threat evaluation. We further explore how such innate oscillatory communication might have an impact on contextualization and specificity of "learned" fear. We illustrate the partial overlap of fear and anxiety networks that are built by the hippocampus in conjunction with amygdala and prefrontal cortex. We further propose that (mal)-adaptive interplay via (dis)-balanced oscillatory communication between the anxiety network and the fear network may determine the strength of fear memories and their resistance to extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürsel Çalışkan
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Stork
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
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31
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Clawson BC, Durkin J, Suresh AK, Pickup EJ, Broussard CG, Aton SJ. Sleep Promotes, and Sleep Loss Inhibits, Selective Changes in Firing Rate, Response Properties and Functional Connectivity of Primary Visual Cortex Neurons. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 12:40. [PMID: 30245617 PMCID: PMC6137342 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that sleep differentially alters the activity of cortical neurons based on firing rates during preceding wake—increasing the firing rates of sparsely firing neurons and decreasing those of faster firing neurons. Because sparsely firing cortical neurons may play a specialized role in sensory processing, sleep could facilitate sensory function via selective actions on sparsely firing neurons. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed longitudinal electrophysiological recordings of primary visual cortex (V1) neurons across a novel visual experience which induces V1 plasticity (or a control experience which does not), and a period of subsequent ad lib sleep or partial sleep deprivation. We find that across a day of ad lib sleep, spontaneous and visually-evoked firing rates are selectively augmented in sparsely firing V1 neurons. These sparsely firing neurons are more highly visually responsive, and show greater orientation selectivity than their high firing rate neighbors. They also tend to be “soloists” instead of “choristers”—showing relatively weak coupling of firing to V1 population activity. These population-specific changes in firing rate are blocked by sleep disruption either early or late in the day, and appear to be brought about by increases in neuronal firing rates across bouts of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Following a patterned visual experience that induces orientation-selective response potentiation (OSRP) in V1, sparsely firing and weakly population-coupled neurons show the highest level of sleep-dependent response plasticity. Across a day of ad lib sleep, population coupling strength increases selectively for sparsely firing neurons—this effect is also disrupted by sleep deprivation. Together, these data suggest that sleep may optimize sensory function by augmenting the functional connectivity and firing rate of highly responsive and stimulus-selective cortical neurons, while simultaneously reducing noise in the network by decreasing the activity of less selective, faster-firing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany C Clawson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jaclyn Durkin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Aneesha K Suresh
- Committee on Computational Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Emily J Pickup
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Christopher G Broussard
- Information Technology Advocacy and Research Support, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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32
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Delorme JE, Kodoth V, Aton SJ. Sleep loss disrupts Arc expression in dentate gyrus neurons. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 160:73-82. [PMID: 29635031 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sleep loss affects many aspects of cognition, and memory consolidation processes occurring in the hippocampus seem particularly vulnerable to sleep loss. The immediate-early gene Arc plays an essential role in both synaptic plasticity and memory formation, and its expression is altered by sleep. Here, using a variety of techniques, we have characterized the effects of brief (3-h) periods of sleep vs. sleep deprivation (SD) on the expression of Arc mRNA and Arc protein in the mouse hippocampus and cortex. By comparing the relative abundance of mature Arc mRNA with unspliced pre-mRNA, we see evidence that during SD, increases in Arc across the cortex, but not hippocampus, reflect de novo transcription. Arc increases in the hippocampus during SD are not accompanied by changes in pre-mRNA levels, suggesting that increases in mRNA stability, not transcription, drives this change. Using in situ hybridization (together with behavioral observation to quantify sleep amounts), we find that in the dorsal hippocampus, SD minimally affects Arc mRNA expression, and decreases the number of dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells expressing Arc. This is in contrast to neighboring cortical areas, which show large increases in neuronal Arc expression after SD. Using immunohistochemistry, we find that Arc protein expression is also differentially affected in the cortex and DG with SD - while larger numbers of cortical neurons are Arc+, fewer DG granule cells are Arc+, relative to the same regions in sleeping mice. These data suggest that with regard to expression of plasticity-regulating genes, sleep (and SD) can have differential effects in hippocampal and cortical areas. This may provide a clue regarding the susceptibility of performance on hippocampus-dependent tasks to deficits following even brief periods of sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Delorme
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Varna Kodoth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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33
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Resonance with subthreshold oscillatory drive organizes activity and optimizes learning in neural networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3017-E3025. [PMID: 29545273 PMCID: PMC5879670 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716933115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Networks of neurons need to reliably encode and replay patterns and sequences of activity. In the brain, sequences of spatially coding neurons are replayed in both the forward and reverse direction in time with respect to their order in recent experience. As of yet there is no network-level or biophysical mechanism known that can produce both modes of replay within the same network. Here we propose that resonance, a property of neurons, paired with subthreshold oscillations in neural input facilitate network-level learning of fixed and sequential activity patterns and lead to both forward and reverse replay. Network oscillations across and within brain areas are critical for learning and performance of memory tasks. While a large amount of work has focused on the generation of neural oscillations, their effect on neuronal populations’ spiking activity and information encoding is less known. Here, we use computational modeling to demonstrate that a shift in resonance responses can interact with oscillating input to ensure that networks of neurons properly encode new information represented in external inputs to the weights of recurrent synaptic connections. Using a neuronal network model, we find that due to an input current-dependent shift in their resonance response, individual neurons in a network will arrange their phases of firing to represent varying strengths of their respective inputs. As networks encode information, neurons fire more synchronously, and this effect limits the extent to which further “learning” (in the form of changes in synaptic strength) can occur. We also demonstrate that sequential patterns of neuronal firing can be accurately stored in the network; these sequences are later reproduced without external input (in the context of subthreshold oscillations) in both the forward and reverse directions (as has been observed following learning in vivo). To test whether a similar mechanism could act in vivo, we show that periodic stimulation of hippocampal neurons coordinates network activity and functional connectivity in a frequency-dependent manner. We conclude that resonance with subthreshold oscillations provides a plausible network-level mechanism to accurately encode and retrieve information without overstrengthening connections between neurons.
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34
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Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Medial Entorhinal Cortex Selectively Modulate the Consolidation of Spatial and Contextual Learning. J Neurosci 2018; 38:2698-2712. [PMID: 29431646 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2848-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although evidence suggests that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dorsal hippocampus (DH) work together to influence the consolidation of spatial/contextual learning, the circuit mechanism by which the BLA selectively modulates spatial/contextual memory consolidation is not clear. The medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) is a critical region in the hippocampus-based system for processing spatial information. As an efferent target of the BLA, the mEC is a candidate by which the BLA influences the consolidation of such learning. To address several questions regarding this issue, male Sprague Dawley rats received optogenetic manipulations of different BLA afferents immediately after training in different learning tasks. Optogenetic stimulation of the BLA-mEC pathway using ChR2(E123A) after spatial and cued-response Barnes maze training enhanced and impaired retention, respectively, whereas optical inhibition of the pathway using eNpHR3.0 produced trends in the opposite direction. Similar stimulation of the BLA-posterior dorsal striatum pathway had no effect. BLA-mEC stimulation also selectively enhanced retention for the contextual, but not foot shock, component of a modified contextual fear-conditioning procedure. In both sets of experiments, only stimulation using bursts of 8 Hz light pulses significantly enhanced retention, suggesting the importance of driving activity in this frequency range. An 8 Hz stimulation of the BLA-mEC pathway increased local field potential power in the same frequency range in the mEC and in the DH. Together, the present findings suggest that the BLA modulates the consolidation of spatial/contextual memory via projections to the mEC and that activity within the 8 Hz range is critical for this modulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The mechanism by which the basolateral amygdala (BLA) influences the consolidation of spatial/contextual memory is unknown. Using an optogenetic approach with multiple behavioral procedures, we found that immediate posttraining 8 Hz stimulation of BLA projections to the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) enhanced retention for spatial/contextual memory, impaired retention for cued-response memory, and had no effect on foot shock learning for contextual fear conditioning. Electrophysiological recordings confirmed that 8 Hz stimulation of this pathway increased activity in the 8 Hz range in the mEC and in the dorsal hippocampus, a region critical for spatial memory consolidation. This suggests that coordinated BLA activity with downstream regions in the 8 Hz activity range immediately after training is important for consolidation of multiple memory forms.
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35
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Wu J, Skilling QM, Maruyama D, Li C, Ognjanovski N, Aton S, Zochowski M. Functional network stability and average minimal distance - A framework to rapidly assess dynamics of functional network representations. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 296:69-83. [PMID: 29294309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in neurophysiological recording techniques have increased both the spatial and temporal resolution of data. New methodologies are required that can handle large data sets in an efficient manner as well as to make quantifiable, and realistic, predictions about the global modality of the brain from under-sampled recordings. NEW METHOD To rectify both problems, we first propose an analytical modification to an existing functional connectivity algorithm, Average Minimal Distance (AMD), to rapidly capture functional network connectivity. We then complement this algorithm by introducing Functional Network Stability (FuNS), a metric that can be used to quickly assess the global network dynamic changes over time, without being constrained by the activities of a specific set of neurons. RESULTS We systematically test the performance of AMD and FuNS (1) on artificial spiking data with different statistical characteristics, (2) from spiking data generated using a neural network model, and (3) using in vivo data recorded from mouse hippocampus during fear learning. Our results show that AMD and FuNS are able to monitor the change in network dynamics during memory consolidation. COMPARISON WITH OTHER METHODS AMD outperforms traditional bootstrapping and cross-correlation (CC) methods in both significance and computation time. Simultaneously, FuNS provides a reliable way to establish a link between local structural network changes, global dynamics of network-wide representations activity, and behavior. CONCLUSIONS The AMD-FuNS framework should be universally useful in linking long time-scale, global network dynamics and cognitive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Wu
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Daniel Maruyama
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chenguang Li
- R.E.U program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nicolette Ognjanovski
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sara Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michal Zochowski
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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36
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Puentes-Mestril C, Aton SJ. Linking Network Activity to Synaptic Plasticity during Sleep: Hypotheses and Recent Data. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:61. [PMID: 28932187 PMCID: PMC5592216 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research findings over the past two decades have supported a link between sleep states and synaptic plasticity. Numerous mechanistic hypotheses have been put forth to explain this relationship. For example, multiple studies have shown structural alterations to synapses (including changes in synaptic volume, spine density, and receptor composition) indicative of synaptic weakening after a period of sleep. Direct measures of neuronal activity and synaptic strength support the idea that a period of sleep can reduce synaptic strength. This has led to the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis (SHY), which asserts that during slow wave sleep, synapses are downscaled throughout the brain to counteract net strengthening of network synapses during waking experience (e.g., during learning). However, neither the cellular mechanisms mediating these synaptic changes, nor the sleep-dependent activity changes driving those cellular events are well-defined. Here we discuss potential cellular and network dynamic mechanisms which could underlie reductions in synaptic strength during sleep. We also discuss recent findings demonstrating circuit-specific synaptic strengthening (rather than weakening) during sleep. Based on these data, we explore the hypothetical role of sleep-associated network activity patterns in driving synaptic strengthening. We propose an alternative to SHY—namely that depending on experience during prior wake, a variety of plasticity mechanisms may operate in the brain during sleep. We conclude that either synaptic strengthening or synaptic weakening can occur across sleep, depending on changes to specific neural circuits (such as gene expression and protein translation) induced by experiences in wake. Clarifying the mechanisms underlying these different forms of sleep-dependent plasticity will significantly advance our understanding of how sleep benefits various cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Puentes-Mestril
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sara J Aton
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, United States
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37
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Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons coordinate hippocampal network dynamics required for memory consolidation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15039. [PMID: 28382952 PMCID: PMC5384212 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity in hippocampal area CA1 is essential for consolidating episodic memories, but it is unclear how CA1 activity patterns drive memory formation. We find that in the hours following single-trial contextual fear conditioning (CFC), fast-spiking interneurons (which typically express parvalbumin (PV)) show greater firing coherence with CA1 network oscillations. Post-CFC inhibition of PV+ interneurons blocks fear memory consolidation. This effect is associated with loss of two network changes associated with normal consolidation: (1) augmented sleep-associated delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-12 Hz) and ripple (150-250 Hz) oscillations; and (2) stabilization of CA1 neurons' functional connectivity patterns. Rhythmic activation of PV+ interneurons increases CA1 network coherence and leads to a sustained increase in the strength and stability of functional connections between neurons. Our results suggest that immediately following learning, PV+ interneurons drive CA1 oscillations and reactivation of CA1 ensembles, which directly promotes network plasticity and long-term memory formation.
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Minge D, Senkov O, Kaushik R, Herde MK, Tikhobrazova O, Wulff AB, Mironov A, van Kuppevelt TH, Oosterhof A, Kochlamazashvili G, Dityatev A, Henneberger C. Heparan Sulfates Support Pyramidal Cell Excitability, Synaptic Plasticity, and Context Discrimination. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:903-918. [PMID: 28119345 PMCID: PMC5390399 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans represent a major component of the extracellular matrix and are critical for brain development. However, their function in the mature brain remains to be characterized. Here, acute enzymatic digestion of HS side chains was used to uncover how HSs support hippocampal function in vitro and in vivo. We found that long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission at CA3-CA1 Schaffer collateral synapses was impaired after removal of highly sulfated HSs with heparinase 1. This reduction was associated with decreased Ca2+ influx during LTP induction, which was the consequence of a reduced excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons. At the subcellular level, heparinase treatment resulted in reorganization of the distal axon initial segment, as detected by a reduction in ankyrin G expression. In vivo, digestion of HSs impaired context discrimination in a fear conditioning paradigm and oscillatory network activity in the low theta band after fear conditioning. Thus, HSs maintain neuronal excitability and, as a consequence, support synaptic plasticity and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Minge
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, University of Bonn Medical School, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oleg Senkov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rahul Kaushik
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michel K. Herde
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, University of Bonn Medical School, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Tikhobrazova
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurotechnology, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Andreas B. Wulff
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, University of Bonn Medical School, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrey Mironov
- Department of Neurotechnology, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Central Research Laboratory, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Toin H. van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Oosterhof
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gaga Kochlamazashvili
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurotechnology, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Henneberger
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, University of Bonn Medical School, 53105 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53175 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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The Effect of Sleep on Multiple Memory Systems. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF MEMORY CONSOLIDATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45066-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zarnadze S, Bäuerle P, Santos-Torres J, Böhm C, Schmitz D, Geiger JR, Dugladze T, Gloveli T. Cell-specific synaptic plasticity induced by network oscillations. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27218453 PMCID: PMC4929000 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma rhythms are known to contribute to the process of memory encoding. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms at the molecular, cellular and network levels. Using local field potential recording in awake behaving mice and concomitant field potential and whole-cell recordings in slice preparations we found that gamma rhythms lead to activity-dependent modification of hippocampal networks, including alterations in sharp wave-ripple complexes. Network plasticity, expressed as long-lasting increases in sharp wave-associated synaptic currents, exhibits enhanced excitatory synaptic strength in pyramidal cells that is induced postsynaptically and depends on metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 activation. In sharp contrast, alteration of inhibitory synaptic strength is independent of postsynaptic activation and less pronounced. Further, we found a cell type-specific, directionally biased synaptic plasticity of two major types of GABAergic cells, parvalbumin- and cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons. Thus, we propose that gamma frequency oscillations represent a network state that introduces long-lasting synaptic plasticity in a cell-specific manner. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14912.001 Changes in the strength of synapses – the connections between neurons – form the basis of learning and memory. This process, which is known as synaptic plasticity, incorporates transient experiences into persistent memory traces. However, a single synapse should not be viewed in isolation. Neurons typically belong to extensive networks made up of large numbers of cells, which show coordinated patterns of activity. The synchronized firing of the neurons in such a network is referred to as a network oscillation. The frequency of an oscillation – that is, the number of times per second that its component cells are active at the same time – reflects distinct physiological functions. For example, high frequency oscillations called gamma waves help new memories to form, but it is not clear exactly how they do this. By studying gamma oscillations in a brain region called the hippocampus, Zarnadze, Bäuerle et al. provide insights into the underlying mechanisms. Signals from “excitatory” neurons make the neuron on the other side of the synapse more likely to fire in response, and signals for “inhibitory” neurons make it less likely to fire. By recording the activity of excitatory neurons in mouse brain slices, Zarnadze, Bäuerle et al. show that gamma oscillations increase the strength of excitatory synapses in the hippocampus, allowing neurons to signal more easily across these connections. Blocking the activity of a protein called metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 prevents this increase in excitatory synaptic strength, suggesting that these receptors play an important role in memory processing. In contrast to excitatory neurons, gamma oscillations have different effects on two types of inhibitory neurons within the hippocampus. The oscillations increase the excitability of gamma-supporting inhibitory neurons, but at the same time reduce that of gamma-disturbing inhibitory neurons. These opposing changes in turn support synaptic plasticity. By showing that gamma oscillations contribute to changes in synaptic strength within the hippocampus, Zarnadze, Bäuerle et al. help to explain the importance of these rhythms for memory processing. Further research is now needed to fully decipher the roles of different cell types, and the synaptic connections between them, in the formation of new memories. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14912.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Zarnadze
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julio Santos-Torres
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Böhm
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,The NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rp Geiger
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,The NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamar Dugladze
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,The NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tengis Gloveli
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
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Xu X, Zhang Q, Tian X, Wang G. Sevoflurane anesthesia induces neither contextual fear memory impairment nor alterations in local population connectivity of medial prefrontal cortex local field potentials networks in aged rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:338-46. [PMID: 26946081 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sevoflurane has been found to increase apoptosis and pathologic markers associated with Alzheimer disease, provoking concern over their potential contribution to postoperative cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the effects of sevoflurane on contextual fear memory of aged rats and to characterize local population connectivity of local field potentials (LFPs) in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of aged rats during contextual fear memory. Eighteen-month-old male SD rats were implanted with one multichannel electrode array in mPFC. The aged rats were divided into control group, sevoflurane group (1 MAC sevoflurane for 2 h) and surgical group with 1.0 MAC sevoflurane for 2 h. We then assessed the effect of the anesthesia on contextual fear memory, and alterations in the local population connectivity of mPFC LFP networks by partial directed coherence (PDC). Surgery impaired contextual fear memory and reduced local population connectivity of mPFC LFP networks in aged rats at day 1 after the surgery and anesthesia. 1 MAC Sevoflurane anesthesia induced neither contextual fear memory impairment nor alterations in local population connectivity of mPFC LFP networks in aged rats when tested 1, 7, 15 and 30 days after exposure (P > 0.05). PDC values of theta band mPFC LFPs became strongly increased during contextual fear memory at 1, 7, 15, and 30 days after anesthesia. Our results suggest that 1 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia does not induce contextual fear memory impairment in aged rats and suggest that the increased local population connectivity in theta bands LFPs of mPFC plays a role in contextual fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and obstetrics, 156 San Ma Road, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi Xiang Tai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, 154 An Shan Road, Tianjin, 300050, China
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Lavenex PB, Bostelmann M, Brandner C, Costanzo F, Fragnière E, Klencklen G, Lavenex P, Menghini D, Vicari S. Allocentric spatial learning and memory deficits in Down syndrome. Front Psychol 2015; 6:62. [PMID: 25762946 PMCID: PMC4329802 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that persons with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit relatively poor language capacities, and impaired verbal and visuoperceptual memory, whereas their visuospatial memory capacities appear comparatively spared. Individuals with DS recall better where an object was previously seen than what object was previously seen. However, most of the evidence concerning preserved visuospatial memory comes from tabletop or computerized experiments which are biased toward testing egocentric (viewpoint-dependent) spatial representations. Accordingly, allocentric (viewpoint-independent) spatial learning and memory capacities may not be necessary to perform these tasks. Thus, in order to more fully characterize the spatial capacities of individuals with DS, allocentric processes underlying real-world navigation must also be investigated. We tested 20 participants with DS and 16 mental age-matched, typically developing (TD) children in a real-world, allocentric spatial (AS) memory task. During local cue (LC) trials, participants had to locate three rewards marked by local color cues, among 12 locations distributed in a 4 m × 4 m arena. During AS trials, participants had to locate the same three rewards, in absence of LCs, based on their relations to distal environmental cues. All TD participants chose rewarded locations in LC and AS trials at above chance level. In contrast, although all but one of the participants with DS exhibited a preference for the rewarded locations in LC trials, only 50% of participants with DS chose the rewarded locations at above chance level in AS trials. As a group, participants with DS performed worse than TD children on all measures of task performance. These findings demonstrate that individuals with DS are impaired at using an AS representation to learn and remember discrete locations in a controlled environment, suggesting persistent and pervasive deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Banta Lavenex
- Laboratory for Experimental Research on Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Bostelmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Research on Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Brandner
- Laboratory for Experimental Research on Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Floriana Costanzo
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital Rome, Italy
| | - Emilie Fragnière
- Laboratory for Experimental Research on Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuliana Klencklen
- Laboratory for Experimental Research on Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Lavenex
- Laboratory for Experimental Research on Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Deny Menghini
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital Rome, Italy
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The role of rapid eye movement sleep for amygdala-related memory processing. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 122:110-21. [PMID: 25638277 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been associated with general memory consolidation, specific consolidation of perceptual, procedural, emotional and fear memories, brain maturation and preparation of waking consciousness. More recently, some of these associations (e.g., general and procedural memory consolidation) have been shown to be unlikely, while others (e.g., brain maturation and consciousness) remain inconclusive. In this review, we argue that both behavioral and neurophysiological evidence supports a role of REM sleep for amygdala-related memory processing: the amygdala-hippocampus-medial prefrontal cortex network involved in emotional processing, fear memory and valence consolidation shows strongest activity during REM sleep, in contrast to the hippocampus-medial prefrontal cortex only network which is more active during non-REM sleep. However, more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms.
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Aton SJ, Suresh A, Broussard C, Frank MG. Sleep promotes cortical response potentiation following visual experience. Sleep 2014; 37:1163-70. [PMID: 25061244 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep has been hypothesized to globally reduce synaptic strength. However, recent findings suggest that in the context of learning and memory consolidation, sleep may promote synaptic potentiation. We tested the requirement for sleep in a naturally occurring form of experience-dependent synaptic potentiation in the adult mouse visual cortex (V1), which is initiated by patterned visual experience. DESIGN Visual responses were recorded in individual V1 neurons before and after presentation of an oriented grating stimulus, and after subsequent sleep or sleep deprivation. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS We find that V1 response potentiation-associated with a shift in orientation preference in favor of the presented stimulus-occurs only after sleep and only during the entrained circadian sleep phase, and is blocked by sleep deprivation. Induction of plasticity following stimulus presentation is associated with an increase in principal neuron firing in V1, which is present in all behavioral states and occurs regardless of time of day. Sleep dependent potentiation is proportional to phase-locking of neuronal activity with thalamocortical spindle oscillations. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that sleep can promote cortical synaptic potentiation in vivo, and that this potentiation may be mediated by slow wave sleep spindles. CITATION Aton SJ, Suresh A, Broussard C, Frank MG. Sleep promotes cortical response potentiation following visual experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Aneesha Suresh
- Committee on Computational Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Christopher Broussard
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts Information Technology Advocacy and Research Support, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Marcos G Frank
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Philadelphia, PA
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