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Wang Y, Xin M, Li Z, Zang Z, Cui H, Li D, Tian J, Li B. Food-Oral Processing: Current Progress, Future Directions, and Challenges. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10725-10736. [PMID: 38686629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Oral processing refers to the series of physical, chemical, and biological processes inside the oral cavity when we consume food. This process affects the taste, quality, and nutrient absorption of the body. In the human diet, oral processing plays a crucial role because it impacts not only the food flavor and texture but also the absorption and utilization of nutrients. With the progress of science and technology and the increasing demand for food, the study of oral processing has become increasingly important. This paper reviews the history and definition of oral processing, its current state of research, and its applications in food science and technology, focusing on personalized taste customization, protein structure modification, food intake and nutrition, and bionic devices. It also analyzes the impact of oral processing on different types of food products and explores its potential in the food industry and science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Meili Xin
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Zhihuan Zang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Huijun Cui
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Dongnan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
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Liu M, An R, Wu Z, Dai L, Zeng Q, Chen W. The Trajectory of Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy and its Influencing Factors. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024:1455613241228211. [PMID: 38334289 DOI: 10.1177/01455613241228211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and severe side effect of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer (HNC). The study aimed to investigate the longitudinal changes in OM and its influencing factors in patients with HNC during radiotherapy. METHODS This was a retrospective longitudinal observational study. From July 2022 to March 2023, patients with HNC undergoing radiation therapy were enrolled. OM, oral hygiene, oral infections, oral pain, feeding route, and laboratory indicators were measured at 7 times. The influencing factors of OM were analyzed using generalized estimation equations (GEEs). RESULTS A total of 160 patients were included in this study. The prevalence of severe OM at T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 was 0, 0, 2.5%, 9.4%, 26.9%, 24.4%, and 26.9%, respectively. The prevalence of grade 1-2 OM at T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 was 0, 16.3%, 53.1%, 65.1%, 61.9%, 70.7%, and 71.3%, respectively. Duration of diagnosis, clinical stage, N stage, M stage, surgery, diabetes, radiotherapy dose, oral hygiene, oral infection, oral pain, feeding route, and lymphocyte impacted OM significantly in the GEEs multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS OM occurs in almost all patients with HNC who undergo radiotherapy. Changes in the severity of OM are a dynamic process, with the severity increasing with the cumulative radiotherapy dose. Specialist oral evaluation and oral care are needed to alleviate the severity of OM in HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizi Liu
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ran An
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zitong Wu
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Leping Dai
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiaomiao Zeng
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenfeng Chen
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Malik Z, Sohn W, Nanayakkara S, Williams K. Poor dental service utilization in those with clinically severe obesity: A neglected issue with solutions needed. Clin Obes 2023; 13:e12608. [PMID: 37348852 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Data linking body mass index (BMI) and dental service utilization with oral and general health, quality of life, wellbeing, and mental health are lacking. Adult patients with clinically severe obesity attending a hospital-based obesity service in Greater Western Sydney were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey that collected data on dental utilization and visiting patterns, dental anxiety, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). General health data were obtained from participants' medical records. Of the 82 individuals who consented to participate, 81 (98.8%) completed the study questionnaire, and 74 (91.3%) answered additional screening questions related to their general wellbeing and mental health. Of the participants, 50 (61.7%) reported that their last dental visit was more than 1 year ago, 43 (53.1%) visited only as needed and 22 (27.2%) participants reported favourable dental visiting patterns. Twenty-four (29.6%) participants reported high levels of dental anxiety, and low levels of OHRQoL compared with national data. Screening questions suggested low general wellbeing and poor mental health in this patient cohort. Within this group, BMI was not significantly correlated with any of the variables of dental service utilization, dental anxiety, OHRQoL, wellbeing, or mental health (p > .05). There was a negative correlation between dental anxiety and dental utilization (p < .05). Patients with clinically severe obesity reported poor dental utilization, low OHRQoL, and high levels of dental anxiety. This study highlighted the frequency of medical complications, lack of wellbeing, and poor mental health, which were evident in this cohort and may complicate dental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanab Malik
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Health Sciences (Oral Health), College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Woosung Sohn
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shanika Nanayakkara
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn Williams
- Nepean Blue Mountains Family Metabolic Health Service, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre-Nepean, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Ribeiro ASP, Marquezin MCS, Pacheco ERP, Rasera I, Klein MI, de Vasconcellos SP, Landgraf RG, Okamoto D, Calixto LA, Castelo PM. Bypass gastroplasty impacts oral health, salivary inflammatory biomarkers, and microbiota: a controlled study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4735-4746. [PMID: 37294353 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Knowledge about the impact of gastroplasty on oral health and salivary biomarkers is limited. The aim was to prospectively evaluate oral health status, salivary inflammatory markers, and microbiota in patients undergoing gastroplasty compared with a control group undergoing a dietary program. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty participants with obesity class II/III were included (20 individuals in each sex-matched group; 23-44 years). Dental status, salivary flow, buffering capacity, inflammatory cytokines, and uric acid were assessed. Salivary microbiological analysis (16S-rRNA sequencing) assessed the abundance of genus, species, and alpha diversity. Cluster analysis and mixed-model ANOVA were applied. RESULTS Oral health status, waist-to-hip ratio, and salivary alpha diversity were associated at baseline. A subtle improvement in food consumption markers was observed, although caries activity increased in both groups, and the gastroplasty group showed worse periodontal status after three months. IFNγ and IL10 levels decreased in the gastroplasty group at 3 months, while a decrease was observed in the control group at 6 months; IL6 decreased in both groups (p < 0.001). Salivary flow and buffering capacity did not change. Significant changes in Prevotella nigrescens and Porphyromonas endodontalis abundance were observed in both groups, while alpha diversity (Sobs, Chao1, Ace, Shannon, and Simpson) increased in the gastroplasty group. CONCLUSIONS Both interventions changed in different degrees the salivary inflammatory biomarkers and microbiota, but did not improve the periodontal status after 6 months. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the observed discrete improvement in dietary habits, caries activity increased with no clinical improvement in the periodontal status, emphasizing the need of oral health monitoring during obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aianne Souto Pizzolato Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Salomé Marquezin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Irineu Rasera
- Faculdade de Ensino Superior da Amazônia Reunida, Av. Brasil, 1435, Redenção, Brazil
| | - Marlise Inês Klein
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Suzan Pantaroto de Vasconcellos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Richardt Gama Landgraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Okamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Augusto Calixto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. São Nicolau, 210 - 1. Andar, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Issrani R, Reddy J, Bader AK, Albalawi RFH, Alserhani EDM, Alruwaili DSR, Alanazi GRA, Alruwaili NSR, Sghaireen MG, Rao K. Exploring an Association between Body Mass Index and Oral Health-A Scoping Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050902. [PMID: 36900046 PMCID: PMC10000970 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal metabolic index (BMI) is a unique anthropometric indicator used to define the relative amount of body fat on an individual's frame. There are many diseases and conditions associated with obesity and underweight. Recent research trials suggest that there is a significant association between oral health indicators and BMI as both are attributed to common risk factors such as dietary, genetic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle issues. OBJECTIVES The main objective of this review paper is to emphasize the association between BMI and oral health with available literature evidence. METHODOLOGY A literature search was conducted using multiple databases comprising of MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science. The terms used for the search were "body mass index", "periodontitis", "dental caries", and "tooth loss". RESULTS In total, 2839 articles were obtained from the analysis of the databases. Unrelated articles from the available full text of 1135 articles were excluded. The main reasons for excluding the articles were: they were dietary guidelines and policy statements. A total of 66 studies were finally included in the review. CONCLUSION The presence of dental caries, periodontitis and tooth loss may be associated with a higher BMI or obesity, whereas, improved oral health might be associated with lower BMI. Promoting general and oral health should be a hand in hand feature, as common risk factors can be embattled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Issrani
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBV University, Puducherry 607402, India
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jagat Reddy
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBV University, Puducherry 607402, India
| | - Alzarea K. Bader
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed Ghazi Sghaireen
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Rao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
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Marquezin MCS, de Oliveira Scudine KG, Lamy E, Finassi CM, Carreira L, Segura WD, Rasera I, Pessotti ER, Castelo PM. Impact of gastroplasty on salivary characteristics, dental health status and oral sensory aspects: a controlled clinical study. J Oral Rehabil 2022; 49:1002-1011. [PMID: 35751503 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva is a non-invasive source of biomarkers useful in the study of different pathophysiological conditions. The qualitative and quantitative study of saliva, as well as the assessment of oral health, can be particularly useful for a better understanding of obesity due to its importance in the food oral perception and ingestion. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of treatment of morbid obesity (dietary counselling versus gastroplasty) on salivary characteristics, oral sensory perception and dental health in a controlled study. METHODS 73 adults (60 females; 19-59 years) with morbid obesity were divided in: Control group (CG; n=34) followed-up during a 6-months dietary program, and Gastroplasty group (GG; n=39) evaluated immediately before, 3, and 6 months after gastroplasty. Dietary habits, Oral Health Impact Profile and xerostomia complaints were investigated by interview. The clinical examination included anthropometric and caries experience evaluation. Salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, total protein and alpha-amylase levels, and sensitivity for the 4 basic tastes were assessed. Two-way mixed model and sign test were applied. RESULTS Physical and clinical aspects did not differ between groups in the beginning of the study, and GG showed a rapid weight loss after surgery (p<0.001). An improvement in most of the dietary aspects was observed, especially in the GG. A worsening in the dental health status was observed over time in both groups, with an increase in the number of filled and decayed teeth. CG showed a better oral health-related quality of life, while xerostomia complains increased in GG after gastroplasty. Salivary flow rate remained stable in both groups, but a decrease in buffering capacity, total protein, and alpha-amylase activity was observed in GG after 6-months; taste sensitivity increased from baseline to 6-months in GG (p<0.05). CONCLUSION After 6-months of follow-up, patients undergoing gastroplasty presented an improvement in dietary habits and taste sensitivity. However, changes in saliva composition and a worsening in dental health status and xerostomia complaints were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Salomé Marquezin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - Kelly Guedes de Oliveira Scudine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - Elsa Lamy
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Portugal
| | - Carolina Martins Finassi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - Laura Carreira
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Portugal
| | - Wilson Dias Segura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - Irineu Rasera
- Faculdade de Ensino Superior da Amazônia Reunida (FESAR/AFYA), Brazil
| | | | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
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Iacovelli NA, Ingargiola R, Facchinetti N, Franceschini M, Romanello DA, Bossi P, Bergamini C, Alfieri S, Cavalieri S, Baron G, Aldini G, Locati L, Orlandi E. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Aqualief TM Mucoadhesive Tablets in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Who Developed Radiation-Induced Xerostomia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143456. [PMID: 34298670 PMCID: PMC8303446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia, the subjective complaint of dry mouth, is caused by therapeutic interventions or diseases. Nowadays, radiotherapy (RT) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) stands out as one of the most important causes of xerostomia. Currently available therapies for the treatment of xerostomia are still less than optimal and xerostomia still represents an unmet clinical need. In this article, we present the results of a prospective clinical study with a new product, AqualiefTM, in patients treated with curative RT with or without chemotherapy for HNC. AqualiefTM is based on two main ingredients, carnosine and karkadé, which have acid buffering and antioxidant properties. The study was performed on 30 patients, with 4 of the patients being lost during the study period. Each patient received randomly one of the two treatments, AqualiefTM or placebo, for 8 days. After a 10-day wash-out period, each patient received the other treatment for a further 8 days. The results show that AqualiefTM stimulated salivation in these patients and reduced the pH drop that was observed in an equivalent placebo-treated population of patients. Moreover, no serious, treatment-related adverse events were observed. AqualiefTM has shown positive results, although with limitations due to unsuccessful trial accrual. Therefore, it may be further investigated as a tool for the treatment of RT-related xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessandro Iacovelli
- Radiation Oncology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.I.); (N.F.); (M.F.); (D.A.R.); (E.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rossana Ingargiola
- Radiation Oncology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.I.); (N.F.); (M.F.); (D.A.R.); (E.O.)
| | - Nadia Facchinetti
- Radiation Oncology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.I.); (N.F.); (M.F.); (D.A.R.); (E.O.)
| | - Marzia Franceschini
- Radiation Oncology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.I.); (N.F.); (M.F.); (D.A.R.); (E.O.)
| | - Domenico Attilio Romanello
- Radiation Oncology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.I.); (N.F.); (M.F.); (D.A.R.); (E.O.)
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.B.); (C.B.); (S.A.); (S.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Cristiana Bergamini
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.B.); (C.B.); (S.A.); (S.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Salvatore Alfieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.B.); (C.B.); (S.A.); (S.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Stefano Cavalieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.B.); (C.B.); (S.A.); (S.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Giovanna Baron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Laura Locati
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.B.); (C.B.); (S.A.); (S.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Ester Orlandi
- Radiation Oncology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.I.); (N.F.); (M.F.); (D.A.R.); (E.O.)
- Radiation Oncology Unit 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
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