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Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation and Treg/Th17 Imbalance in the Impaired Glucose Metabolism of Children with Obesity. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8070554. [PMID: 34199040 PMCID: PMC8305706 DOI: 10.3390/children8070554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, obesity has increased dramatically in pediatric patients. Obesity is a chronic disease correlated with systemic inflammation, characterized by the presence of CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration and modified immune response, which contributes to the development of obesity related diseases and metabolic disorders, including impaired glucose metabolism. In particular, Treg and Th17 cells are dynamically balanced under healthy conditions, but imbalance occurs in inflammatory and pathological states, such as obesity. Some studies demonstrated that peripheral Treg and Th17 cells exhibit increased imbalance with worsening of glucose metabolic dysfunction, already in children with obesity. In this review, we considered the role of adipose tissue immunomodulation and the potential role played by Treg/T17 imbalance on the impaired glucose metabolism in pediatric obesity. In the patient care, immune monitoring could play an important role to define preventive strategies of pediatric metabolic disease treatments.
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Sun L, Han R, Guo F, Chen H, Wang W, Chen Z, Liu W, Sun X, Gao C. Antagonistic effects of IL-17 and Astragaloside IV on cortical neurogenesis and cognitive behavior after stroke in adult mice through Akt/GSK-3β pathway. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:74. [PMID: 32818074 PMCID: PMC7417740 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the exact effect of IL-17 on regulating neural stem cells (NSCs) stemness and adult neurogenesis in ischemic cortex after stroke, how Astragaloside IV(As-IV) regulated IL-17 expression and the underlying mechanism. Photochemical brain ischemia model was established and IL-17 protein expression was observed at different time after stroke in WT mice. At 3 days after stroke, when IL-17 expression peaked, IL-17 knock out (KO) mice were used to observe cell proliferation and neurogenesis in ischemic cortex. Then, As-IV was administered intravenously to assess cell apoptosis, proliferation, neurogenesis, and cognitive deficits by immunochemistry staining, western blots, and animal behavior tests in WT mice. Furthermore, IL-17 KO mice and As-IV were used simultaneously to evaluate the mechanism of cell apoptosis and proliferation after stroke in vivo. Besides, in vitro, As-IV and recombinant mouse IL-17A was administered, respectively, into NSCs culture, and then their diameters, viable cell proliferation and pathway relevant protein was assessed. The results showed knocking out IL-17 contributed to regulating PI3K/Akt pathway, promoting NSCs proliferation, and neurogenesis after ischemic stroke. Moreover, As-IV treatment helped inhibit neural apoptosis, promote the neurogenesis and eventually relieve mice anxiety after stroke. Unsurprisingly, IL-17 protein expression could be downregulated by As-IV in vivo and in vitro and they exerted antagonistic effect on neurogenesis by regulating Akt/GSK-3β pathway, with significant regulation for apoptosis. In conclusion, IL-17 exerts negative effect on promoting NSCs proliferation, neurogenesis and cognitive deficits after ischemic stroke, which could be reversed by As-IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 710038 Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Ruili Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 710038 Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 710038 Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 710038 Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, 710032 Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 710038 Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 710038 Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Xude Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 710038 Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Changjun Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 710038 Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
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Guo N, Shen G, Zhang Y, Moustafa AA, Ge D, You Z. Interleukin-17 Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Cancer Cells Through Upregulation of MTA1 Expression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:546. [PMID: 31281798 PMCID: PMC6596356 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been shown to promote development of prostate, colon, skin, lung, breast, and pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine if IL-17 regulates MTA1 expression and its biological consequences. Human cervical cancer HeLa and human prostate cancer DU-145 cell lines were used to test if IL-17 regulates metastasis associated 1 (MTA1) mRNA and protein expression using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. Cell migration and invasion were studied using wound healing assays and invasion chamber assays. Thirty-four human cervical tissues were stained for IL-17 and MTA1 using immunohistochemical staining. We found that IL-17 increased MTA1 mRNA and protein expression in both cell lines. Cell migration was accelerated by IL-17, which was abolished by knockdown of MTA1 expression with small interference RNA (siRNA). Further, cell invasion was enhanced by IL-17, which was eliminated by MTA1 knockdown. Human cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer tissues had increased number of IL-17-positive cells and MTA1 expression compared to normal cervical tissues. The number of IL-17-positive cells was positively correlated with MTA1 expression. These findings demonstrate that IL-17 upregulates MTA1 mRNA and protein expression to promote HeLa and DU-145 cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ge Shen
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangyuan First People's Hospital, Guangyuan, China
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Dongxia Ge
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Zongbing You
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, United States
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4
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Th17 and Treg lymphocytes in obesity and Type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Immunol 2018; 197:77-85. [PMID: 30218707 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Assumption that the pathogenesis of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2DM) encompasses inflammation and autoimmune aspects is increasingly recognized. In the state of obesity and T2DM, the imbalance of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are observed. These alterations reflect a loss of T cell homeostasis, which may contribute to tissue and systemic inflammation and immunity in T2DM. In this review we will discuss the accumulating data supporting the concept that Th17/Treg mediated immune responses are present in obesity-related T2DM pathogenesis, and provide evidences that restoration of Th17/Treg imbalance may be a possible therapeutic avenue for the prevention and treatment of T2DM and its complications.
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Posttranscriptional Control of PD-L1 Expression by 17β-Estradiol via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in ERα-Positive Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:196-205. [PMID: 27870715 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estrogen is a well-known oncogenic driver in endometrial (ECs) and breast cancers (BCs). Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligands PD-1 Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 have been shown to mediate immune evasion of the tumor cells. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of estrogen on PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in EC and BC cell lines. METHODS 17β-Estradiol (E2)-induced expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 and possible signaling pathway were investigated in EC and BC cells. Coculture of T cells and cancer cells with E2 stimulation was performed to assess the functions of T cells. RESULTS We found that E2 increased expression of PD-L1, but not PD-L2, protein via activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in Ishikawa and Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt inhibitors could block E2's effects. 17β-Estradiol did not increase PD-L1 mRNA transcription, but stabilized PD-L1 mRNA. 17β-Estradiol's effects were only observed in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive Ishikawa and MCF-7 cells, but not in ERα-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Coculture of Ishikawa or MCF-7 cells with T cells inhibited expression of interferon-γ and interleukin-2 and increased BCL-2-interacting mediator of cell death expression in the presence of E2. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that estrogen upregulates PD-L1 protein expression in ERα-positive EC and BC cells to suppress immune functions of T cells in the tumor microenvironment, demonstrating a new mechanism of how estrogen drives cancer progression.
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Liu S, Zhang Q, Chen C, Ge D, Qu Y, Chen R, Fan YM, Li N, Tang WW, Zhang W, Zhang K, Wang AR, Rowan BG, Hill SM, Sartor O, Abdel-Mageed AB, Myers L, Lin Q, You Z. Hyperinsulinemia enhances interleukin-17-induced inflammation to promote prostate cancer development in obese mice through inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of interleukin-17 receptor. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13651-66. [PMID: 26871944 PMCID: PMC4924668 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) plays important roles in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and some cancers. Obese people are in a chronic inflammatory state with increased serum levels of IL-17, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). How these factors contribute to the chronic inflammatory status that promotes development of aggressive prostate cancer in obese men is largely unknown. We found that, in obese mice, hyperinsulinemia enhanced IL-17-induced expression of downstream proinflammatory genes with increased levels of IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA), resulting in development of more invasive prostate cancer. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) constitutively bound to and phosphorylated IL-17RA at T780, leading to ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of IL-17RA, thus inhibiting IL-17-mediated inflammation. IL-17RA phosphorylation was reduced, while the IL-17RA levels were increased in the proliferative human prostate cancer cells compared to the normal cells. Insulin and IGF1 enhanced IL-17-induced inflammatory responses through suppressing GSK3, which was shown in the cultured cell lines in vitro and obese mouse models of prostate cancer in vivo. These findings reveal a mechanism underlying the intensified inflammation in obesity and obesity-associated development of aggressive prostate cancer, suggesting that targeting GSK3 may be a potential therapeutic approach to suppress IL-17-mediated inflammation in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer, particularly in obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Liu
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Dongxia Ge
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yine Qu
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Rongyi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Yi-Ming Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Wendell W Tang
- Department of Pathology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Biostatistics Facility of RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Biostatistics Facility of RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Alun R Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Brian G Rowan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Steven M Hill
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Department of Urology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Asim B Abdel-Mageed
- Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Department of Urology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Leann Myers
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Qishan Lin
- Proteomics/Mass Spectrometry Facility, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Zongbing You
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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7
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Wang X, Yang L, Huang F, Zhang Q, Liu S, Ma L, You Z. Inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and TNF-α up-regulate PD-L1 expression in human prostate and colon cancer cells. Immunol Lett 2017; 184:7-14. [PMID: 28223102 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) acts on PD-1 ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) to suppress activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are co-expressed by T helper 17 (TH17) cells in many tumors. The purpose of this study was to test if IL-17 and TNF-α may synergistically induce PD-L1 expression in human prostate cancer LNCaP and human colon cancer HCT116 cell lines. We found that IL-17 did not induce PD-L1 mRNA expression, but up-regulated PD-L1 protein expression in HCT116 and LNCaP cells. TNF-α induced PD-L1 mRNA and protein expression in both cell lines. Neither IL-17 nor TNF-α induced PD-L2 mRNA or protein expression. IL-17 and TNF-α acted individually rather than cooperatively in induction of PD-L1 expression. IL-17 and/or TNF-α activated AKT, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways in HCT116 cells, whereas only NF-κB signaling was activated in LNCaP cells. NF-κB inhibitor could diminish PD-L1 protein expression induced by IL-17 and/or TNF-α in both HCT116 and LNCaP cell lines. ERK1/2 inhibitor could also reduce PD-L1 protein expression induced by IL-17 and/or TNF-α in HCT116 cells, while AKT inhibitor could abolish PD-L1 protein expression induced by IL-17 and/or TNF-α in LNCaP cells. These results suggest that IL-17 and TNF-α act individually rather than cooperatively through activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2 signaling to up-regulate PD-L1 expression in HCT116 cells, while the two inflammatory cytokines act through activation of NF-κB signaling, in the presence of AKT activity, to up-regulate PD-L1 expression in LNCaP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan 430063, China.
| | - Lingyun Yang
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Sen Liu
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zongbing You
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Placek W. Interleukin-17 as a factor linking the pathogenesis of psoriasis with metabolic disorders. Int J Dermatol 2016; 56:260-268. [PMID: 27696392 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a systemic disease with numerous concomitant metabolic disorders. Apparently, T-helper 17 lymphocytes and interleukin (IL)-17 constitute an important element linking those disorders. The role of IL-17 has been confirmed by numerous studies, although it remains not completely understood, and the study results are controversial. Based on the studies performed so far, it is assumed that IL-17 contributes to development of atherosclerosis by means of: stimulation of production of proinflammatory compounds; induction of apoptosis of endothelial cells and heart muscle cells; stimulation of von Willebrand factor production; and induction of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (atherosclerotic plaque rupture). On the other hand, IL-17 may exert protective activity due to inhibition of proatherogenic interferon-γ and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and production of type I collagen by smooth muscle cells. The role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of obesity is as important as other proinflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, its deficiency increases diet-induced obesity and accelerates adipose tissue accumulation. Although the role of IL-17A in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in humans remains controversial, introduction of anti-IL-17A treatments brings hope that development of metabolic disorders in patients with psoriasis may be inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Warmia and Mazury University, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Waldemar Placek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Warmia and Mazury University, Olsztyn, Poland
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Chen C, Zhang Q, Liu S, Parajuli KR, Qu Y, Mei J, Chen Z, Zhang H, Khismatullin DB, You Z. IL-17 and insulin/IGF1 enhance adhesion of prostate cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells through CD44-VCAM-1 interaction. Prostate 2015; 75:883-95. [PMID: 25683512 PMCID: PMC4405436 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extravasation is a critical step in cancer metastasis, in which adhesion of intravascular cancer cells to the vascular endothelial cells is controlled by cell surface adhesion molecules. The role of interleukin-17 (IL-17), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in adhesion of prostate cancer cells to the vascular endothelial cells is unknown, which is the subject of the present study. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP, and C4-2B) were analyzed for expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), integrins, and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) using flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. The effects of IL-17, insulin, and IGF1 on VCAM-1 expression and adhesion of prostate cancer cells to HUVECs were examined. The interaction of VCAM-1 and CD44 was assessed using immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS Insulin and IGF1 acted with IL-17 to increase VCAM-1 expression in HUVECs. PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP, and C4-2B cells expressed β1 integrin but not α4 integrin. CD44 was expressed by PC-3 and DU-145 cells but not by LNCaP or C4-2B cells. When HUVECs were treated with IL-17, insulin or IGF1, particularly with a combination of IL-17 and insulin (or IGF1), adhesion of PC-3 and DU-145 cells to HUVECs was significantly increased. In contrast, adhesion of LNCaP and C4-2B cells to HUVECs was not affected by treatment of HUVECs with IL-17 and/or insulin/IGF1. CD44 expressed in PC-3 cells physically bound to VCAM-1 expressed in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS CD44-VCAM-1 interaction mediates the adhesion between prostate cancer cells and HUVECs. IL-17 and insulin/IGF1 enhance adhesion of prostate cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells through increasing VCAM-1 expression in the vascular endothelial cells. These findings suggest that IL-17 may act with insulin/IGF1 to promote prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Sen Liu
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Keshab R. Parajuli
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Yine Qu
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei United University School of Basic Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiandong Mei
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College, Taian City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Damir B. Khismatullin
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Zongbing You
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Corresponding Author: Zongbing You, Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave mailbox 8649, New Orleans, LA 70112; Phone: 504-988-0467; FAX: 504-988-1687;
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