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de Araújo TBS, Nogueira RLR, Siquara da Rocha LDO, Bastos IN, Dias RB, Souza BSDF, Lambert DW, Coletta RD, Silva VAO, Gurgel Rocha CA. Enhancing scaffold-free spheroid models: 3D cell bioprinting method for metastatic HSC3-Oral squamous carcinoma cell line. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:100158. [PMID: 38852983 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2024.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
3D in vitro systems offer advantages over the shortcomings of two-dimensional models by simulating the morphological and functional features of in vivo-like environments, such as cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, as well as the co-culture of different cell types. Nevertheless, these systems present technical challenges that limit their potential in cancer research requiring cell line- and culture-dependent standardization. This protocol details the use of a magnetic 3D bioprinting method and other associated techniques (cytotoxicity assay and histological analysis) using oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line, HSC3, which offer advantages compared to existing widely used approaches. This protocol is particularly timely, as it validates magnetic bioprinting as a method for the rapid deployment of 3D cultures as a tool for compound screening and development of heterotypic cultures such as co-culture of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells with cancer-associated fibroblasts (HSC3/CAFs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Bacelar Sacramento de Araújo
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Propaedeutics, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-150, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Raphael Luís Rocha Nogueira
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-909, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Oliveira Siquara da Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-909, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Iasmin Nogueira Bastos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Propaedeutics, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-150, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rosane Borges Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Propaedeutics, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-150, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano De Freitas Souza
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-909, Bahia, Brazil; Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Aline Oliveira Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-909, Bahia, Brazil; Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Clarissa A Gurgel Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Propaedeutics, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-150, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-909, Bahia, Brazil; Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil.
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Vasiliadou I, Grose D, Wilson C, Thapa A, Donnelly O, Lee E, Leslie I, Karim M, Hartley A, Partridge S, Medlow K, De Boisanger J, Metcalf R, Williamson A, Haridass A, Noble D, Mactier K, Walter H, Ma N, De Winton E, Cohen J, Rayner L, Geropantas K, Jankowska P, Mason J, Moleron R, Laws K, Ulahannan D, Nallathambi C, Michaelidou A, Nallamilli S, Raouf S, Palmer K, Bienz M, Karet T, Khalique S, Paterson C, Harrington K, Bhide S, Kong A. The use of pembrolizumab monotherapy for the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in the UK. Int J Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38685816 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Pembrolizumab has received approval in the UK as first-line monotherapy for recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC (R/M HNSCC) following the results of the KEYNOTE-048 trial, which demonstrated a longer overall survival (OS) in comparison to the EXTREME chemotherapy regimen in patients with a combined positive score (CPS) ≥1. In this article, we provide retrospective real-world data on the role of pembrolizumab monotherapy as first-line systemic therapy for HNSCC across 18 centers in the UK from March 20, 2020 to May 31, 2021. 211 patients were included, and in the efficacy analysis, the objective response rate (ORR) was 24.7%, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6-6.1), and the median OS was 10.8 months (95% CI 9.0-12.5). Pembrolizumab monotherapy was well tolerated, with 18 patients having to stop treatment owing to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). 53 patients proceeded to second-line treatment with a median PFS2 of 10.2 months (95% CI: 8.8-11.5). Moreover, patients with documented irAEs had a statistically significant longer median PFS (11.3 vs. 3.3 months; log-rank p value = <.001) and median OS (18.8 vs. 8.9 months; log-rank p value <.001). The efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab first-line monotherapy for HNSCC has been validated using real-world data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigenia Vasiliadou
- Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's College London, London, UK
| | - Derek Grose
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Alekh Thapa
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Olly Donnelly
- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK
| | - Elsa Lee
- Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isla Leslie
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah Partridge
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust-Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katharine Medlow
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust-Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - James De Boisanger
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust-Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ning Ma
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Emma De Winton
- Royal United Hospitals Bath-NHS Foundation trust, Bath, UK
| | - Jennifer Cohen
- Royal United Hospitals Bath-NHS Foundation trust, Bath, UK
| | - Lindsay Rayner
- Royal United Hospitals Bath-NHS Foundation trust, Bath, UK
| | | | - Petra Jankowska
- Musgrove Park Hospital-Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Taunton, UK
| | - Jessica Mason
- Musgrove Park Hospital-Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Taunton, UK
| | | | - Kirsten Laws
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary-NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | | | - Susanna Nallamilli
- Maidstone Hospital-Tunbridge Wells Hospital-NHS Trust, Tunbridge Wells, UK
| | - Sherif Raouf
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kieran Palmer
- King's College London, London, UK
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Harrington
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Shreerang Bhide
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anthony Kong
- Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's College London, London, UK
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Cheng Y, Song Z, Chen J, Tang Z, Wang B. Molecular basis, potential biomarkers, and future prospects of OSCC and PD-1/PD-L1 related immunotherapy methods. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25895. [PMID: 38380036 PMCID: PMC10877294 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) affects a large number of individuals worldwide. Despite advancements in surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, satisfactory outcomes have not been achieved. In recent years, the success of drugs targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has led to breakthroughs in cancer treatment, but systematic summaries on their effectiveness against OSCC are lacking. This article reviews the latest research on the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and the potential of combination therapy based on this pathway in OSCC. Further, it explores the mechanisms involved in the interaction of this pathway with exosomes and protein-protein interactions, and concludes with potential future OSCC therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Cheng
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengzheng Song
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Baisheng Wang
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, 410008, Hunan, China
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Shin E, Kwon Y, Jung E, Kim YJ, Kim C, Hong S, Kim J. TM4SF19 controls GABP-dependent YAP transcription in head and neck cancer under oxidative stress conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314346121. [PMID: 38315837 PMCID: PMC10873613 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314346121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco and alcohol are risk factors for human papillomavirus-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV- HNSCC), which arises from the mucosal epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract. Notably, despite the mutagenic potential of smoking, HPV- HNSCC exhibits a low mutational load directly attributed to smoking, which implies an undefined role of smoking in HPV- HNSCC. Elevated YAP (Yes-associated protein) mRNA is prevalent in HPV- HNSCC, irrespective of the YAP gene amplification status, and the mechanism behind this upregulation remains elusive. Here, we report that oxidative stress, induced by major risk factors for HPV- HNSCC such as tobacco and alcohol, promotes YAP transcription via TM4SF19 (transmembrane 4 L six family member 19). TM4SF19 modulates YAP transcription by interacting with the GABP (Guanine and adenine-binding protein) transcription factor complex. Mechanistically, oxidative stress induces TM4SF19 dimerization and topology inversion in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, which in turn protects the GABPβ1 subunit from proteasomal degradation. Conversely, depletion of TM4SF19 impairs the survival, proliferation, and migration of HPV- HNSCC cells, highlighting the potential therapeutic relevance of targeting TM4SF19. Our findings reveal the roles of the key risk factors of HPV- HNSCC in tumor development via oxidative stress, offering implications for upcoming therapeutic approaches in HPV- HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbie Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Korea
| | - Yongsoo Kwon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Korea
| | - Eunji Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Korea
| | - Yong Joon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul03722, South Korea
| | - Changgon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Korea
| | - Semyeong Hong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Korea
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Black CM, Zheng D, Hair GM, Ai L, Wang L, Goto D, Lerman N, Bidadi B, Hanna GJ. Real-world use of first-line pembrolizumab + platinum + taxane combination regimens in recurrent / metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1348045. [PMID: 38390265 PMCID: PMC10881782 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1348045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab is currently approved in the US for the first-line (1L) treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC), either alone or in combination with platinum and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). However, the toxicity of 5-FU has motivated the study of alternate combinations that replace 5-FU with a taxane. The objective of the current study was to describe the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns and sequences, and real-world outcomes of individuals receiving pembrolizumab + platinum + taxane as 1L treatment for R/M HNSCC in the US. Methods This was a retrospective study of US adults ≥18 years of age receiving pembrolizumab + platinum + taxane as 1L treatment for R/M HNSCC, using electronic health record data from a nationwide de-identified database. Real-world overall survival (rwOS), time on treatment (rwToT), and time to next treatment (rwTTNT) outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results The study population comprised 83 individuals (80.7% male) with a median age of 64 years. The most common tumor site was the oropharynx (48.2%); 70.0% of these tumors were HPV-positive. A total of 71.1% of the study population had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1 at index date, 71.8% had a combined positive score for programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression of ≥1, and 30.8% had a score of ≥20. The median (95% CI) rwOS was 14.9 (8.8-23.3) months, rwToT was 5.3 (4.0-8.2) months, and rwTTNT was 8.7 (6.8-12.3) months. Among the 24 individuals who received a subsequent therapy, the most common second-line therapies were cetuximab-based (n = 9) or pembrolizumab-containing (n = 8) regimens. Conclusions The rwOS and other real-world outcomes observed for this study population further support pembrolizumab + platinum + taxane combination therapy as a potential 1L treatment option for R/M HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Black
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
| | - Dandan Zheng
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
| | - Gleicy M Hair
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
| | - Lei Ai
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
| | - Liya Wang
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
| | - Daisuke Goto
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
| | - Nati Lerman
- Oncology Late Stage Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
| | - Behzad Bidadi
- Oncology Late Stage Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
| | - Glenn J Hanna
- Center for Head & Neck Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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Meci A, Goyal N, Slonimsky G. Mechanisms of Resistance and Therapeutic Perspectives in Immunotherapy for Advanced Head and Neck Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:703. [PMID: 38398094 PMCID: PMC10887076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is emerging as an effective treatment for advanced head and neck cancers and interest in this treatment modality has led to rapid expansion of this research. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab, monoclonal antibodies directed against the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor, are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- and European Medical Agency (EMA)-approved immunotherapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Resistance to immunotherapy is common, with about 60% of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC not responding to immunotherapy and only 20-30% of patients without disease progression in the long term. Overcoming resistance to immunotherapy is therefore essential for augmenting the effectiveness of immunotherapy in HNSCC. This review details the innate and adaptive mechanisms by which head and neck cancers can become resistant to immunotherapeutic agents, biomarkers that can be used for immunotherapy patient selection, as well as other factors of the tumor microenvironment correlated with therapeutic response and prognosis. Numerous combinations and novel immunotherapies are currently being trialed, based on better understood immune evasion mechanisms. These potential treatments hold the promise of overcoming resistance to immunotherapy in head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Meci
- The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Neerav Goyal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Guy Slonimsky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
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Mao W, Zhang T, Li L, Peng S, Gong H, Li M. Role of primary tumor volume and metastatic lymph node volume in response to curative effect of definitive radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:98. [PMID: 38311769 PMCID: PMC10840279 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown mixed results concerning the role of primary tumor volume (TV) and metastatic lymph node (NV) volume in response to the curative effect of definitive radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC). OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the impact of TV and NV on the efficacy of radical radiotherapy in LAHNSCC patients, with the goal of guiding individualized therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with LAHNSCC who received radical radiation therapy and were reexamined within 6 months post-therapy from January 2012 to December 2021 were selected. The volumes of the primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes were calculated by software and then were divided into a large TV group vs small TV group and a large NV group vs small NV group according to the relationship with the median. Additionally, patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or not were divided into the CCRT group and the radiotherapy (RT) group. Patients with lymph node metastasis were divided into node concurrent chemotherapy (N-CCRT) group and a node metastatic chemotherapy (N-RT) group according to whether they received concurrent chemotherapy or not. The volume shrinkage rate (VSR), objective response rate (ORR), local control rate (LCR) and overall survival (OS) were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS 96 patients were included in the primary tumor volume group, and 73 patients were included in the metastatic lymph node group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for objective remission (OR) endpoints, and a volume threshold was defined for TV and NV patients. The threshold primary tumor volume was 32.45 cm3, and the threshold metastatic lymph node volume was 6.05 cm3.The primary TV shrinkage rates of the small TV and the large TV groups were basically the same, P = 0.801. Similarly, the ORR and LCR were not significantly different between the small TV group and the large TV group (PORR = 0.118, PLCR = 0.315). Additionally, the TV shrinkage rate did not significantly differ between the CCRT group and the RT group, P = 0.133. Additionally, there was no significant difference in ORR or LCR in CCRT group (PORR = 0.057, PLCR = 0.088). However, the metastatic lymph node volume shrinkage rate in the small NV group was significantly greater than that in the large NV group (P = 0.001). The ORR and LCR of the small NV subgroup were significantly greater than those of the large NV subgroup (PORR = 0.002, PLCR = 0.037). Moreover, compared with that of the N-RT group, the NV shrinkage rate of the N-CCRT group was 84.10 ± s3.11%, and the shrinkage rate was 70.76 ± s5.77% (P = 0.047). For the ORR and LCR, the N-CCRT group and N-RT group were significantly different (PORR = 0.030, PLCR = 0.037). The median OS of the whole group was 26 months. However, neither TV/NV nor concurrent chemotherapy seemed to influence OS. CONCLUSION Primary tumor volume is not a prognostic factor for the response to curative effect radiotherapy in LAHNSCC patients. Nevertheless, metastatic lymph nodes are a prognostic factor for the response to curative effect radiotherapy in LAHNSCC patients. Patients with smaller lymph nodes have better local control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Mao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Longhao Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Siyun Peng
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Huiying Gong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Minmin Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Bila M, Franken A, Van Dessel J, Garip M, Meulemans J, Willaert R, Hoeben A, Vander Poorten V, Clement PM. Exploring long-term responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2024; 149:106664. [PMID: 38113661 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have introduced a new era in the treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). Optimal duration for ICI therapy is still unclear and the long-term outcomes and toxicity in patients responding to these therapies warrant further exploration. This study attempts to identify the clinical and biological determinants of a durable response and evaluate outcomes following ICI treatment discontinuation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of 181 patients treated with ICI for R/M HNSCC was conducted. Long-term responders were defined as patients who sustained disease control at least two years after initiating ICI therapy. We compared clinical and biological characteristics associated with these long-term responders against the broader treatment population. RESULTS 10 % of R/M HNSCC patients treated with ICIs demonstrated a durable long-term response. Only three relapses (16 %) occurred after discontinuing ICI treatment in this subset, with a median follow-up of 52 months. Upon retreatment with ICI, two attained a documented response. Extended ICI response was observed even with < 2 years of treatment. 74 % of long-term responders experienced immune-related adverse events (irAEs), 37 % of which severe irAEs. Hypothyroidism was the most frequently reported irAEs. The predictive potential of systemic inflammation indices for clinical response appears to be limited. CONCLUSIONS ICI present an optimistic avenue for HNSCC patients, offering substantial long-term responses. The study suggests that a two-year treatment could be optimal and irAEs, although common, are typically mild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bila
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Amelie Franken
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Dessel
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery - Imaging & Pathology (OMFS-IMPATH), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melisa Garip
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Meulemans
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Willaert
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery - Imaging & Pathology (OMFS-IMPATH), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Hoeben
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; GROW-School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Vander Poorten
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul M Clement
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Agelaki S, Boukovinas I, Athanasiadis I, Trimis G, Dimitriadis I, Poughias L, Morais E, Sabale U, Bencina G, Athanasopoulos C. A systematic literature review of the human papillomavirus prevalence in locally and regionally advanced and recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancers through the last decade: The "ALARM" study. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6916. [PMID: 38247106 PMCID: PMC10905345 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this systematic literature review was to provide updated information on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in locally and regionally advanced (LA) and recurrent/metastatic (RM) head and neck cancer (HNC) worldwide. METHODS Electronic searches were conducted on clinicaltrials.gov, MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and ASCO/ESMO journals of congresses for interventional studies (IS; Phase I-III trials) as well as MEDLINE and Embase for non-interventional studies (NIS) of LA/RM HNC published between January 01, 2010 and December 31, 2020. Criteria for study selection included: availability of HPV prevalence data for LA/RM HNC patients, patient enrollment from January 01, 2010 onward, and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) included among HNC types. HPV prevalence per study was calculated as proportion of HPV+ over total number of enrolled patients. For overall HPV prevalence across studies, mean of reported HPV prevalence rates across studies and pooled estimate (sum of all HPV+ patients over sum of all patients enrolled) were assessed. RESULTS Eighty-one studies (62 IS; 19 NIS) were included, representing 9607 LA/RM HNC cases, with an overall mean (pooled) HPV prevalence of 32.6% (25.1%). HPV prevalence was 44.7% (44.0%) in LA and 24.3% (18.6%) in RM. Among 2714 LA/RM OPC patients from 52 studies with available data, mean (pooled) value was 55.8% (50.7%). The majority of data were derived from Northern America and Europe, with overall HPV prevalence of 46.0% (42.1%) and 24.7% (25.3%) across studies conducted exclusively in these geographic regions, respectively (Northern Europe: 31.9% [63.1%]). A "p16-based" assay was the most frequently reported HPV detection methodology (58.0%). CONCLUSION Over the last decade, at least one quarter of LA/RM HNC and half of OPC cases studied in IS and NIS were HPV+. This alarming burden is consistent with a potential implication of HPV in the pathogenesis of at least a subgroup of HNC, underscoring the relevance of HPV testing and prophylaxis to HNC prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Agelaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of MedicineUniversity of CreteHerakleionGreece
- Department of Medical OncologyUniversity General Hospital of HerakleionHerakleionGreece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Edith Morais
- MSD, Center for Observational and Real‐World Evidence (CORE)LyonFrance
| | - Ugne Sabale
- MSD, Center for Observational and Real‐World Evidence (CORE)StockholmSweden
| | - Goran Bencina
- MSD, Center for Observational and Real‐World Evidence (CORE)MadridSpain
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10
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Sambath J, Noronha V, Manda SS, Mishra R, Chandrani P, Patil V, Menon N, Chougule A, Ramachandran V, Limaye S, Kuriakose MA, Banavali SD, Kumar P, Prabhash K. Whole exome sequencing uncovers HRAS mutations as potential mediators of resistance to metronomic chemotherapy. Gene 2024; 893:147952. [PMID: 37918550 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study is to identify the genetic factors that contribute to the response of metronomic chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients using whole-exome sequencing (WES). This study would facilitate the identification of predictive biomarkers, which would enable personalized treatment strategies and improve treatment outcomes for patients with HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have selected patients with recurrent head and neck cancer who underwent metronomic chemotherapy. Sequential tumor biopsies were collected from the patients at different stages of treatment to capture the genomic alterations and tumor evolution during metronomic chemotherapy and sequenced using WES. RESULTS We identified several known HNSCC hallmark genes reported in COSMIC, including KMT2B, NOTCH1, FAT1, TP53, HRAS, CASP8, and CDKN2A. Copy number alteration analysis revealed amplifications and deletions in several oncogenic and tumor suppressor genes. COSMIC Mutational Signature 15 associated with defective DNA mismatch repair was enriched in 73% of HNSCC samples. Further, the comparison of genomic alterations between responders and non-responders identified HRAS gene uniquely mutated in non-responders that could potentially contribute to resistance against metronomic chemotherapy. DISCUSSION Our findings corroborate the molecular heterogeneity of recurrent HNSCC tumors and establish an association between HRAS mutations and resistance to metronomic chemotherapy, suggesting HRAS as a potential therapeutic target. Combining HRAS inhibitors with metronomic regimens could improve treatment sensitivity in HRAS-mutated HNSCC patients. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the genomic mechanisms underlying the response to metronomic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Sambath
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | | | - Srikanth S Manda
- Karkinos Foundation, Mumbai, India; Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sewanti Limaye
- Division of Medical and Precision Oncology, Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Moni A Kuriakose
- Karkinos Foundation, Mumbai, India; Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | | | - Prashant Kumar
- Karkinos Foundation, Mumbai, India; Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd., Mumbai, India.
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11
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Fukuoka O, Saito Y, Mukai T, Hayashi T, Yamamura K, Sakai T, Kobayashi K, Akashi K, Yoshida M, Ando M, Yamasoba T. Efficacy of Chemotherapy After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Discontinuation in Head and Neck Cancer. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:228-235. [PMID: 37377185 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become widely used becuse of their effectiveness and relatively low rate of severe adverse events. However, active treatment should be continued after discontinuation of ICI as response rates are lower than that of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the efficacy of treatment after ICI discontinuation. METHODS This was a retrospective study from hospital charts of 99 consecutive cases treated with ICI at our facility since 2017. Of these, 79 cases of squamous cell carcinoma which had already discontinued ICI were enrolled in the present study. RESULTS After discontinuation of ICI, 40 cases received active treatment with salvage chemotherapy (SCTx; 33 cases) or surgery or radiotherapy (seven patients) and 39 cases received nonactive treatment. SCTx comprising paclitaxel and cetuximab (PTX-Cmab) was administered to 15 cases and other SCTx regimens to 18 cases. A significant increase in overall survival (OS) was observed with active treatment compared with nonactive treatment. No significant differences in OS or progression-free survival (PFS) were observed between SCTx regimens; however, there was a trend toward increased survival with PTX-Cmab. Univariate analysis of overall response rate (ORR) demonstrated significant differences in the site of disease at ICI and SCTx regimens. A significant difference in disease control rate was observed between SCTx regimens. Multivariate analysis of ORR demonstrated a significant correlation with PTX-Cmab treatment. CONCLUSION Active treatment after ICI discontinuation and the use of PTX-Cmab as SCTx may increase OS in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 134:228-235, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Fukuoka
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mukai
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamura
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sakai
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Akashi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshida
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Showa General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuo Ando
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Steen S, Semmelmayer K, Flechtenmacher C, Hoffmann J, Freier K, Horn D, Hess J, Freudlsperger C, Moratin J. Dynamic Up-Regulation of PD-L1 in the Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16386. [PMID: 38003576 PMCID: PMC10671831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibition for recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer has brought a new treatment option for patients suffering from advanced oral cancers without a chance for curation using surgery or radiotherapy. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in most cases is based on the expression levels of PD-L1 in the tumor tissue. To date, there is a lack of data on the dynamic regulation of PD-L1 during disease progression. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of PD-L1 in a large cohort of patients (n = 222) with oral squamous cell carcinoma including primary and recurrent tumors. Semiautomatic digital pathology scoring was used for the assessment of PD-L1 expression levels in primary and recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the protein expression at different stages of the disease. We found a significant up-regulation of PD-L1 expression from primary disease to recurrent tumors (mean PD-L1 H-scores: primary tumors: 47.1 ± 31.4; recurrent tumors: 103.5 ± 62.8, p < 0.001). In several cases, a shift from low PD-L1 expression in primary tumors to high PD-L1 expression in recurrent tumors was identified. Multivariate Cox regression analysis did not reveal a significantly higher risk of death (p = 0.078) or recurrence (p = 0.926) in patients with higher PD-L1 expression. Our findings indicate that the exclusive analysis of primary tumor tissue prior to the application of checkpoint blockade may lead to the misjudgment of PD-L1 expression in recurrent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Steen
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Karl Semmelmayer
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Christa Flechtenmacher
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hoffmann
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Kolja Freier
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (K.F.)
| | - Dominik Horn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (K.F.)
| | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Freudlsperger
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Julius Moratin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (K.S.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
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13
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Haas M, Lein A, Fuereder T, Schnoell J, Brkic FF, Liu DT, Kadletz-Wanke L, Heiduschka G, Jank BJ. Early on-treatment C-reactive protein and its kinetics predict survival and response in recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer patients receiving first-line pembrolizumab. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:727-736. [PMID: 37603206 PMCID: PMC10560194 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE First-line immune checkpoint blockade has improved the prognosis of recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC), but response rates remain low. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of CRP and its early kinetics to predict response and survival in R/M HNSCC. METHODS A total of 87 patients who received first-line pembrolizumab for R/M HNSCC were analyzed. Three-fold cross-validation was used to estimate cut-off points of CRP at baseline and on-treatment (day 40 ± 10). Treatment response and survival were analyzed according to early CRP kinetics. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was used as a benchmark for the prognostic performance of CRP. RESULTS On-treatment CRP below 2 mg/dl, 4x the upper limit of normal (ULN), was associated with increased overall survival (OS), while on-treatment CRP below 3 mg/dl (6x ULN) was correlated with a higher disease control rate (DCR) and increased progression-free survival (PFS). CRP flare-responders and CRP responders showed a higher DCR and longer PFS than CRP non-responders. An NLR above 6 was a negative prognosticator for progression. In multivariable analysis, on-treatment CRP prevailed as the only significant prognosticator for OS (HR: 4.97, CI95%: 2.18-11.32, p < 0.001) and PFS (HR: 2.07, CI95%: 1.07-3.99, p = 0.030). CONCLUSION On-treatment CRP was identified as a prognostic biomarker for objective response and survival in R/M HNSCC patients receiving first-line pembrolizumab and could be easily incorporated into clinical practice as a widely available and cost-effective biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Haas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Alexander Lein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Thorsten Fuereder
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Julia Schnoell
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Faris F Brkic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - David T Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kadletz-Wanke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Gregor Heiduschka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Bernhard J Jank
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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14
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Shi Y, Zhang Y, Zuo N, Wang L, Sun X, Liang L, Ju M, Di X. Necrotic related-lncRNAs: Prediction of prognosis and differentiation between cold and hot tumors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33994. [PMID: 37335630 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a substantial clinical challenge due to the high local recurrence rate and chemotherapeutic resistance. This project seeks to identify new potential biomarkers of prognosis prediction and precision medicine to improve this condition. A synthetic data matrix for RNA transcriptome datasets and relevant clinical information on HNSCC and normal tissues was downloaded from the Genotypic Tissue Expression Project and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The necrosis-associated long-chain noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified by Pearson correlation analysis. Then 8-necrotic-lncRNA models in the training, testing and entire sets were established through univariate Cox (uni-Cox) regression and Lasso-Cox regression. Finally, the prognostic ability of the 8-necrotic-lncRNA model was evaluated via survival analysis, nomogram, Cox regression, clinicopathological correlation analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Gene enrichment analysis, principal component analysis, immune analysis and prediction of risk group semi-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) were also conducted. Correlations between characteristic risk score and immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint molecules, somatic gene mutations, and anti-cancer drug sensitivity were analyzed. Eight necrosis-associated lncRNAs (AC099850.3, AC243829.2, AL139095.4, SAP30L-AS1, C5orf66-AS1, LIN02084, LIN00996, MIR4435-2HG) were developed to improve the prognosis prediction of HNSCC patients. The risk score distribution, survival status, survival time, and relevant expression standards of these lncRNAs were compared between low- and high-risk groups in the training, testing and entire sets. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the low-risk patients had significantly better prognosis. The ROC curves revealed the model had an acceptable predictive value in the TCGA training and testing sets. Cox regression and stratified survival analysis indicated that the 8 necrosis-associated lncRNAs were risk factors independent of various clinical parameters. We recombined the patients into 2 clusters through Consensus ClusterPlus R package according to the expressions of necrotic lncRNAs. Significant differences were found in immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint molecules, and IC50 between clusters, suggesting these characteristics can be used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This risk model may serve as a prognostic signature and provide clues for individualized immunotherapy for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Shi
- Department of Oncology, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Nian Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Oncology, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengyang Ju
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xiaoke Di
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Silva JPN, Pinto B, Monteiro L, Silva PMA, Bousbaa H. Combination Therapy as a Promising Way to Fight Oral Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1653. [PMID: 37376101 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a highly aggressive tumor with invasive properties that can lead to metastasis and high mortality rates. Conventional treatment strategies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, alone or in combination, are associated with significant side effects. Currently, combination therapy has become the standard practice for the treatment of locally advanced oral cancer, emerging as an effective approach in improving outcomes. In this review, we present an in-depth analysis of the current advancements in combination therapies for oral cancer. The review explores the current therapeutic options and highlights the limitations of monotherapy approaches. It then focuses on combinatorial approaches that target microtubules, as well as various signaling pathway components implicated in oral cancer progression, namely, DNA repair players, the epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclin-dependent kinases, epigenetic readers, and immune checkpoint proteins. The review discusses the rationale behind combining different agents and examines the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the effectiveness of these combinations, emphasizing their ability to enhance treatment response and overcome drug resistance. Challenges and limitations associated with combination therapy are discussed, including potential toxicity and the need for personalized treatment approaches. A future perspective is also provided to highlight the existing challenges and possible resolutions toward the clinical translation of current oral cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P N Silva
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Pinto
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Luís Monteiro
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M A Silva
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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Melariri H, Els T, Oyedele O, Suttle TK, Bermosky KT, De Freitas A, Murtaza A, Moosajee M, Melariri PE. Prevalence of locoregional recurrence and survival post-treatment of head and neck cancers in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 59:101964. [PMID: 37125401 PMCID: PMC10139903 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent cancers of the head and neck are associated with poor survival outcome. Yet, their burden in Africa is not reliably known. We therefore aimed to estimate the prevalence of recurrence and the 5-year overall survival among patients treated for head and neck cancers (HNC) in Africa. Method In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched four electronic databases (Pubmed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science) and the grey literature for studies reporting the prevalence of HNC recurrence and 5-year overall survival post treatment, published between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2022. We contacted corresponding authors of relevant studies. Searches were extended to reference lists of review articles and other relevant sources for potentially eligible studies. Each record was assessed for inclusion or exclusion by two independent reviewers. Records with individual-level data on recurrence and survival conducted in Africa were included while exclusion was based on the study design and availability of relevant data. Data were independently extracted by three reviewers from eligible studies, and summary estimates were sought. Our primary outcomes were recurrence and 5-year overall survival of patients who have been treated for HNC, and our secondary outcomes included risk factors, tumor site, squamous cell histology, clinical stage of tumor, and treatment options received. Only records selected for primary outcomes were assessed for secondary outcome data extraction. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for each outcome. Meta-regression models were used in addressing sample heterogeneity among the studies. Protocol for this study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022372307. Findings This systematic review and meta-analysis returned 3998 records, yielding 28 included studies after exclusion. Eighteen studies reported on the prevalence of HNC recurrence while 24 articles reported on the 5-year overall survival. Of the pooled total study population, 7199 (70.5%) of 10,218 patients were males while 2603 (25.5%) were females. We found that the prevalence of HNC recurrence was 15.4% (I2 = 96.2%; 95% CI: 9.5-22.3; n = 3214; k = 18), and the 5-year overall survival was 54.4% (I2 = 99.5%; 95% CI: 40.1-68.4; n = 9798; k = 24). We also found that the prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for HNC were 42.6% (I2 = 98.8%; 95% CI: 25.2-61.0; n = 4374; k = 15) and 35.8% (I2 = 98.9%; 95% CI: 21.7-51.4; n = 4110; k = 11) respectively. The pooled current prevalence for advanced HNC (clinical stages III-IV) was 80.0% (I2 = 99.2%; 95% CI: 68.6-89.5; n = 7624; k = 18) compared to 12.2% (I2 = 96.4%; 95% CI: 6.2-19.8; n = 7624; k = 18) in early disease (clinical stages I-II). Interpretation The results showed significantly high prevalence of cancer recurrence, poor 5-year overall survival and very high prevalence of advanced cancers at time of diagnosis. This study provides robust evidence for strategies towards prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of HNC to improve patients' outcome in the African continent. Funding This study was not supported by any funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Melariri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
- Corresponding author. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Buckingham Road, Mount Croix, Gqeberha, South Africa.
| | - Timothy Els
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Opeoluwa Oyedele
- Department of Computing, Mathematical, and Statistical Sciences, School of Science, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Tessa K. Suttle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Kim Theresa Bermosky
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Adelaide De Freitas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Livingstone Tertiary Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Amir Murtaza
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Mohamed Moosajee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Paula E. Melariri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
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Tao Y, Sun XS, Pointreau Y, Le Tourneau C, Sire C, Kaminsky MC, Coutte A, Alfonsi M, Calderon B, Boisselier P, Martin L, Miroir J, Ramee JF, Delord JP, Clatot F, Rolland F, Villa J, Magne N, Elicin O, Gherga E, Nguyen F, Lafond C, Bera G, Calugaru V, Geoffrois L, Chauffert B, Damstrup L, Crompton P, Ennaji A, Gollmer K, Nauwelaerts H, Bourhis J. Extended follow-up of a phase 2 trial of xevinapant plus chemoradiotherapy in high-risk locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a randomised clinical trial. Eur J Cancer 2023; 183:24-37. [PMID: 36796234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We report long-term efficacy and overall survival (OS) results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 2 study (NCT02022098) investigating xevinapant plus standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy (CRT) vs. placebo plus CRT in 96 patients with unresected locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA SCCHN). METHODS Patients were randomised 1:1 to xevinapant 200 mg/day (days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle for 3 cycles), or matched placebo, plus CRT (cisplatin 100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 3 cycles plus conventional fractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy [70 Gy/35 F, 2 Gy/F, 5 days/week for 7 weeks]). Locoregional control, progression-free survival, and duration of response after 3 years, long-term safety, and 5-year OS were assessed. RESULTS The risk of locoregional failure was reduced by 54% for xevinapant plus CRT vs. placebo plus CRT but did not reach statistical significance (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.46; 95% CI, 0.19-1.13; P = .0893). The risk of death or disease progression was reduced by 67% for xevinapant plus CRT (adjusted HR 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17-0.67; P = .0019). The risk of death was approximately halved in the xevinapant arm compared with placebo (adjusted HR 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.84; P = .0101). OS was prolonged with xevinapant plus CRT vs. placebo plus CRT; median OS not reached (95% CI, 40.3-not evaluable) vs. 36.1 months (95% CI, 21.8-46.7). Incidence of late-onset grade ≥3 toxicities was similar across arms. CONCLUSIONS In this randomised phase 2 study of 96 patients, xevinapant plus CRT demonstrated superior efficacy benefits, including markedly improved 5-year survival in patients with unresected LA SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungan Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Xu-Shan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nord Franche-Comté de Montbéliard and CHRU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Yoann Pointreau
- Oncologie-Radiothérapie, Institut Inter-Régional de Cancérologie, Centre Jean Bernard, Le Mans, France
| | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Christian Sire
- South Brittany Hospital Center, Hôpital du Scorff Radiothérapie, Lorient, France
| | - Marie-Christine Kaminsky
- Institut Cancérologie de Lorraine - Alexis Vautrin, Oncologie Médicale, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Marc Alfonsi
- Institut Sainte Catherine, Radiothérapie, Avignon, France
| | | | - Pierre Boisselier
- Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Val d'Aurelle, Oncologie-Radiothérapie, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Martin
- Centre de Radiothérapie Guillaume le Conquérant, Le Havre, France
| | - Jessica Miroir
- Jean Perrin Center, Radiothérapie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Delord
- Medical Oncology Dept, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Florian Clatot
- Henri Becquerel Centre, Service Oncologie Médicale rue d'Amiens, Rouen, France
| | - Frederic Rolland
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Centre René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Julie Villa
- CHU Grenoble, Radiothérapie, Pôle de Cancérologie, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Magne
- Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Radiothérapie, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Olgun Elicin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeta Gherga
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nord Franche-Comté de Montbéliard and CHRU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - France Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Cédrik Lafond
- Oncologie-Radiothérapie, Institut Inter-Régional de Cancérologie, Centre Jean Bernard, Le Mans, France
| | - Guillaume Bera
- South Brittany Hospital Center, Hôpital du Scorff Radiothérapie, Lorient, France
| | - Valentin Calugaru
- Radiotherapy Oncology Department, Institut Curie, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Lionnel Geoffrois
- Institut Cancérologie de Lorraine - Alexis Vautrin, Oncologie Médicale, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Bruno Chauffert
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Oncologie-Radiothérapie, Amiens, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean Bourhis
- CHUV, Radiation Oncology Department, Bâtiment Hospitalier, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Starska-Kowarska K. The Role of Different Immunocompetent Cell Populations in the Pathogenesis of Head and Neck Cancer-Regulatory Mechanisms of Pro- and Anti-Cancer Activity and Their Impact on Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1642. [PMID: 36980527 PMCID: PMC10046400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most aggressive and heterogeneous groups of human neoplasms. HNSCC is characterized by high morbidity, accounting for 3% of all cancers, and high mortality with ~1.5% of all cancer deaths. It was the most common cancer worldwide in 2020, according to the latest GLOBOCAN data, representing the seventh most prevalent human malignancy. Despite great advances in surgical techniques and the application of modern combinations and cytotoxic therapies, HNSCC remains a leading cause of death worldwide with a low overall survival rate not exceeding 40-60% of the patient population. The most common causes of death in patients are its frequent nodal metastases and local neoplastic recurrences, as well as the relatively low response to treatment and severe drug resistance. Much evidence suggests that the tumour microenvironment (TME), tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and circulating various subpopulations of immunocompetent cells, such regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs), cytotoxic CD3+CD8+ T cells (CTLs) and CD3+CD4+ T helper type 1/2/9/17 (Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17) lymphocytes, T follicular helper cells (Tfh) and CD56dim/CD16bright activated natural killer cells (NK), carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated neutrophils (N1/N2 TANs), as well as tumour-associated macrophages (M1/M2 phenotype TAMs) can affect initiation, progression and spread of HNSCC and determine the response to immunotherapy. Rapid advances in the field of immuno-oncology and the constantly growing knowledge of the immunosuppressive mechanisms and effects of tumour cancer have allowed for the use of effective and personalized immunotherapy as a first-line therapeutic procedure or an essential component of a combination therapy for primary, relapsed and metastatic HNSCC. This review presents the latest reports and molecular studies regarding the anti-tumour role of selected subpopulations of immunocompetent cells in the pathogenesis of HNSCC, including HPV+ve (HPV+) and HPV-ve (HPV-) tumours. The article focuses on the crucial regulatory mechanisms of pro- and anti-tumour activity, key genetic or epigenetic changes that favour tumour immune escape, and the strategies that the tumour employs to avoid recognition by immunocompetent cells, as well as resistance mechanisms to T and NK cell-based immunotherapy in HNSCC. The present review also provides an overview of the pre- and clinical early trials (I/II phase) and phase-III clinical trials published in this arena, which highlight the unprecedented effectiveness and limitations of immunotherapy in HNSCC, and the emerging issues facing the field of HNSCC immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Starska-Kowarska
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; ; Tel.: +48-604-541-412
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EnelMed Center Expert, Drewnowska 58, 91-001 Lodz, Poland
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19
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Eggers H, Häbel L, Ganser A, Grünwald V, Merten R, Warnecke A, Durisin M, Ivanyi P. Anti-EGFR-Based Therapy in Recurrent or Metastatic HNSCC - What Difference Does it Make? Cancer Invest 2023; 41:93-100. [PMID: 36239419 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2134414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Patients with R/M HNSCC treated with palliative first-line therapy at Hannover Medical School between October 2005 and December 2016 have been included to show changes in survival following broad utilization of cetuximab. Treatment periods were defined from 10/2005 to 12/2008 (Period A) and 01/2009 to 12/2016. Overall survival did not improve over time. However, in subgroup analysis cetuximab utilized at any time vs. never showed a significant improve of overall survival (11.3 vs. 6.3 months, HR: 0.55, 95%-CI: 0.4-0.8, p = 0.04). Therefore, this study supports the application of cetuximab in this real-world population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Eggers
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Hannover, Claudia von Schilling Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lea Häbel
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Hannover, Claudia von Schilling Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Hannover, Claudia von Schilling Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Viktor Grünwald
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Interdisciplinary GU Oncology, Clinic for Urology, Clinic for Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany (Current position)
| | - Roland Merten
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Hannover, Claudia von Schilling Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Hannover, Claudia von Schilling Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Durisin
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Hannover, Claudia von Schilling Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Ivanyi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Hannover, Claudia von Schilling Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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20
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Khadela A, Shah Y, Mistry P, Bodiwala K, CB A. Immunomodulatory Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Recent Advances and Clinical Prospects. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338221150559. [PMID: 36683526 PMCID: PMC9893386 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221150559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a significant role in the development, invasion, progression, and metastasis of head and neck cancer. Over the last decade, the emergence of immunotherapy has irreversibly altered the paradigm of cancer treatment. The current treatment modalities for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) include surgery, radiotherapy, and adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy which has failed to provide satisfactory clinical outcomes. To encounter this, there is a need for a novel or targeted therapy such as immunological targets along with conventional treatment strategy for optimal therapeutic outcomes. The immune system can contribute to promoting metastasis, angiogenesis, and growth by exploiting the tumor's influence on the microenvironment. Immunological targets have been found effective in recent clinical studies and have shown promising results. This review outlines the important immunological targets and the medications acting on them that have already been explored, are currently under clinical trials and are further being targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Yesha Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Priya Mistry
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kunjan Bodiwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Avinash CB
- Medical Oncologist, ClearMedi Radiant Hospital, Mysore, India
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21
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Hitt R, Mesía R, Lozano A, Iglesias Docampo L, Grau JJ, Taberna M, Rubió-Casadevall J, Martínez-Trufero J, Morillo EDB, García Girón C, Vázquez Estévez S, Cirauqui B, Cruz-Hernández JJ. Randomized phase 3 noninferiority trial of radiotherapy and cisplatin vs radiotherapy and cetuximab after docetaxel-cisplatin-fluorouracil induction chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced unresectable head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2022; 134:106087. [PMID: 36126605 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for patients with unresectable, locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-SCCHN); induction chemotherapy (ICT) may provide survival benefits in some patients. This study aimed to demonstrate the noninferiority of concomitant cetuximab plus radiotherapy (cet+RT) vs cisplatin plus radiotherapy (cis+RT) in patients with unresectable LA-SCCHN who were responsive to ICT. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial studied patients with unresectable LA-SCCHN who received 3 cycles of ICT (docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil; TPF) followed by cis+RT (standard arm) or cet+RT (experimental arm). The primary endpoint was noninferiority of the experimental arm vs the standard arm in terms of overall survival (OS), based on a hazard ratio (HR) of < 1.3. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, overall response, safety, and quality of life (QOL). RESULTS Between July 15, 2008, and July 5, 2013, 519 patients were recruited and started ICT; 407 patients received post-ICT treatment (cis+RT, n = 205; cet+RT, n = 202). At a median follow-up of 43.9 (cis+RT) and 41.1 (cet+RT) months, median OS was 63.6 and 42.9 months with cis+RT and cet+RT, respectively (HR [90% CI] = 1.106 [0.888-1.378], P =.4492). There were no differences in progression-free survival, overall response rates, or adverse event rates between groups. There was greater late neurotoxicity with cis+RT than cet+RT (P =.0058). Several QOL dimensions improved with cet+RT vs cis+RT (physical functioning, P =.0287; appetite loss, P =.0248; social contact, P =.0153). CONCLUSION Noninferiority of cet+RT over cis+RT was not demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Hitt
- Medical Oncology Service, University Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ricard Mesía
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d́Oncologia (ICO), Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Lozano
- Radiotherapy Oncology Department, Institut Català d́Oncologia (ICO), Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Juan J Grau
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Taberna
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d́Oncologia (ICO), ONCOBELL, IDIBELL, Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rubió-Casadevall
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Josep Trueta, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Girona, Spain
| | | | - Edel Del Barco Morillo
- Medical Oncology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca- IBSAL (Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | - Beatriz Cirauqui
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Badalona, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Cruz-Hernández
- Medical Oncology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca- IBSAL (Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
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22
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Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy for Recurrent/Unresectable/Metastatic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Center Study in China. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7283946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Although pembrolizumab is recommended as a first-line treatment for advanced recurrent/unresectable/metastatic (R/U/M) head and neck squamous carcinoma, the differences in its efficacy among different populations need to be investigated. Methods. We reviewed 15 consecutive patients with R/U/M oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between February 2021 and May 2022. All the 15 patients had known programmed death-ligand 1 expression and received multiple cycles of pembrolizumab monotherapy as first-line treatment. We evaluated and analyzed patients’ basic characteristics, time to first remission, the clinical efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy, and treatment-related adverse reactions. Results. The objective response rate of the 15 patients was 60%. Six patients (40.0%) achieved partial response, while three patients (20.0%) achieved complete response. In our study, the objective response status of the patients was observed in two to five cycles (mean, 3.6 cycles). For patients who responded well to immunotherapy, the mean Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment (
). The progression-free survival rates were 66.9% and 50.1% at 6 months and 1 year, respectively. Eight adverse events were observed, comprising four cases of rash and one case each of hypothyroidism, interstitial pneumonia, cheilitis, and cerebral thrombosis. Conclusion. Our study suggests that pembrolizumab is beneficial to the most responsive patients with R/U/M OSCC in our single-center study and may shed light on the management of OSCC.
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23
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Diagnostic Accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET/CT and 18F-FDG-PET/MRI in Detecting Locoregional Recurrence of HNSCC 12 Weeks after the End of Chemoradiotherapy: Single-Center Experience with PET/MRI. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:8676787. [PMID: 36082064 PMCID: PMC9433207 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8676787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the early diagnosis and efficient detection of recurrences and/or residual tumor after treatment play a very important role in patient's prognosis. Positron emission tomography (PET) using 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) has become an established method for the diagnosis of suspected recurrence in head and neck carcinomas. In particular, integrated PET/MRI imaging that provides optimal soft tissue contrast and less dental implant artifacts compared to PET/CT is an intriguing technique for the follow-up imaging of HNSCC patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of PET/MRI compared to PET/CT in post-treatment follow-up imaging of HNSCC patients. Methods This retrospective observational cohort study consists of 104 patients from our center with histologically confirmed HNSCC. All patients received chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and underwent 18F-FDG-PET/CT (n = 52) or 18F-FDG-PET/MRI (n = 52) scan 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Image analysis was performed by two independent readers according to a five-point Likert scale analysis. Results PET/MRI was more sensitive (1.00 vs. 0.77) than PET/CT in the detection of locoregional recurrence. PET/MRI also had better negative (1.00 vs. 0.87) predictive values. AUCs for PET/MRI and PET/CT on patient-based analysis were 0.997 (95% CI 0.989–1.000) and 0.890 (95% CI 0.806–0.974), respectively. The comparison of sensitivity, AUCs, and negative predictive values revealed a statistically significant difference, p < 0.05. In PET/CT, false-negative and positive findings were observed in the more advanced disease stages, where PET/MRI performed better. Also, false-negative findings were located in the oropharyngeal, laryngeal, and nasopharyngeal regions, where PET/MRI made no false-negative interpretations. Conclusion Based on these results, PET/MRI might be considered the modality of choice in detecting locoregional recurrence in HNSCC patients, especially in the more advanced stages in the oral cavity, larynx, or nasopharynx.
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Jangholi A, Müller Bark J, Kenny L, Vasani S, Rao S, Dolcetti R, Punyadeera C. Exosomes at the crossroad between therapeutic targets and therapy resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188784. [PMID: 36028150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are aggressive and clinically challenging tumours that require a multidisciplinary management approach. Despite significant therapy improvements, HNSCC patients have a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of about 65%. As recently recognised key players in cancer, exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a diameter of nearly 50-120 nm which transport information from one cell to another. Exosomes are actively involved in various aspects of tumour initiation, development, metastasis, immune regulation, therapy resistance, and therapeutic applications. However, current knowledge of the role of exosomes in the pathophysiological processes of HNSCC is still in its infancy, and additional studies are needed. In this review, we summarise and discuss the relevance of exosomes in mediating local immunosuppression and therapy resistance of HNSCC. We also review the most recent studies that have explored the therapeutic potential of exosomes as cancer vaccines, drug carriers or tools to reverse the drug resistance of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Jangholi
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; The School of Environment and Science, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Juliana Müller Bark
- The School of Environment and Science, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lizbeth Kenny
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Cancer Care Services, Herston, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarju Vasani
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Cancer Care Services, Herston, Australia; Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Sudha Rao
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Environment and Science, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MIHQ), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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25
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Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC): Current Perspectives and Future Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081272. [PMID: 36016159 PMCID: PMC9416402 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoantigens are abnormal proteins produced by genetic mutations in somatic cells. Because tumour neoantigens are expressed only in tumour cells and have immunogenicity, they may represent specific targets for precision immunotherapy. With the reduction in sequencing cost, continuous advances in artificial intelligence technology and an increased understanding of tumour immunity, neoantigen vaccines and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) targeting neoantigens have become research hotspots. Approximately 900,000 patients worldwide are diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) each year. Due to its high mutagenicity and abundant lymphocyte infiltration, HNSCC naturally generates a variety of potential new antigen targets that may be used for HNSCC immunotherapies. Currently, the main immunotherapy for HNSCC is use of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs). Neoantigen vaccines and adoptive cell therapy targeting neoantigens are extensions of immunotherapy for HNSCC, and a large number of early clinical trials are underway in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). In this paper, we review recent neoantigen vaccine trials related to the treatment of HNSCC, introduce adoptive cell therapy targeting neoantigens, and propose a potential treatment for HNSCC. The clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and its combination with neoantigen vaccines in the treatment of HNSCC are summarized, and the prospect of using neoantigen to treat HNSCC is discussed and proposed.
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26
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The impact of patient preference in the treatment algorithm for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Radiol Med 2022; 127:866-871. [PMID: 35752659 PMCID: PMC9349154 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-022-01509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (RM-HNSCC) has revolutionized the standard of care approach in first-line treatment. The heterogeneity of disease presentation and treatment-related toxicities can be associated with suboptimal patient compliance to oncologic care. Hence, prioritizing quality of life and well-being are crucial aspects to be considered in tailoring the best treatment choice. The aim of our work is to present a short report on the topic of the patient’s preference in regard to treatment and its consequences on quality of life in the recurrent/metastatic setting. According to the literature, there’s an unmet need on how to assess patient attitude in respect to the choice of treatment. In view of the availability of different therapeutic strategies in first-line management of RM-HNSCC, increasing emphasis should be put on integrating patient preferences into the medical decision-making.
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Zhang B, Liu G, Wang X, Hu X. Identification of Molecular Targets and Potential Mechanisms of Yinchen Wuling San Against Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Front Genet 2022; 13:914646. [PMID: 35873484 PMCID: PMC9306494 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.914646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents one of the most malignant and heterogeneous tumors, and the patients have low 5-year survival. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been demonstrated as an effective complementary and/or alternative therapy for advanced malignancies including HNSCC. It has been noted that several herbs that are used for preparing Yinchen Wuling San (YWLS) have anti-tumor activities, whereas their mechanisms of action remain elusive. In this study, network pharmacology and molecular docking studies were employed to explore the underlying mechanisms of action of YWLS against HNSCC. The 58 active ingredients from six herbs used for YWLS and their 506 potential targets were screened from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) and SwissTargetPrediction database. A total of 2,173 targets associated with HNSCC were mainly identified from the DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. An active components-targets-disease network was constructed in the Cytoscape. Top 20 hub targets, such as AKT1, EGFR, TNF, ESR1, SRC, HSP90AA1, MAPK3, ERBB2, and CCND1, were identified by a degree in the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Gene functional enrichment analysis showed that PI3K-AKT, MAPK, Ras, TNF, and EGFR were the main signaling pathways of YWLS in treating HNSCC. There were 48 intersected targets such as EGFR, AKT1, and TNF that were associated with patients’ outcomes by the univariate Cox analysis, and most of them had increased expression in the tumor as compared to normal tissues. The area under curves of receiver operating characteristic indicated their diagnostic potential. Inhibition of these survival-related targets and/or combination with EGFR or AKT inhibitors were promising therapeutic options in HNSCC. The partial active components of YWLS exhibited good binding with the hub targets, and ADME analysis further evaluated the drug-likeness of the active components. These compounds and targets identified in this study might provide novel treatment strategies for HNSCC patients, and the subsequent work is essential to verify the underlying mechanisms of YWLS against HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Genyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xuelei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wongpattaraworakul W, Gibson-Corley KN, Choi A, Buchakjian MR, Lanzel EA, Rajan KD A, Simons AL. Prognostic Role of Combined EGFR and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:885236. [PMID: 35957892 PMCID: PMC9357911 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.885236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is well known as a general prognostic biomarker for head and neck tumors, however the specific prognostic value of EGFR in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is controversial. Recently, the presence of tumor-infiltrating T cells has been associated with significant survival advantages in a variety of disease sites. The present study will determine if the inclusion of T cell specific markers (CD3, CD4 and CD8) would enhance the prognostic value of EGFR in OSCCs.MethodsTissue microarrays containing 146 OSCC cases were analyzed for EGFR, CD3, CD4 and CD8 expression using immunohistochemical staining. EGFR and T cell expression scores were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes.ResultsResults showed that EGFR expression had no impact on overall survival (OS), but EGFR-positive (EGFR+) OSCC patients demonstrated significantly worse progression free survival (PFS) compared to EGFR-negative (EGFR-) patients. Patients with CD3, CD4 and CD8-positive tumors had significantly better OS compared to CD3, CD4 and CD8-negative patients respectively, but no impact on PFS. Combined EGFR+/CD3+ expression was associated with cases with no nodal involvement and significantly more favorable OS compared to EGFR+/CD3- expression. CD3 expression had no impact on OS or PFS in EGFR- patients. Combinations of EGFR/CD8 and EGFR/CD4 expression showed no significant differences in OS or PFS among the expression groups.ConclusionAltogether these results suggest that the expression of CD3+ tumor-infiltrating T cells can enhance the prognostic value of EGFR expression and warrants further investigation as prognostic biomarkers for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattawan Wongpattaraworakul
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Katherine N. Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Allen Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Marisa R. Buchakjian
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Emily A. Lanzel
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Anand Rajan KD
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Andrean L. Simons
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrean L. Simons,
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Novel Systemic Treatment Modalities Including Immunotherapy and Molecular Targeted Therapy for Recurrent and Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147889. [PMID: 35887235 PMCID: PMC9320653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are the sixth most common cancers worldwide. More than half of patients with HNSCC eventually experience disease recurrence and/or metastasis, which can threaten their long-term survival. HNSCCs located in the oral cavity and larynx are usually associated with tobacco and/or alcohol use, whereas human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV16 infection, is increasingly recognized as a cause of oropharyngeal HNSCC. Despite clinical, histologic, and molecular differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCCs, current treatment approaches are the same. For recurrent disease, these strategies include chemotherapy, immunotherapy with PD-1-inhibitors, or a monoclonal antibody, cetuximab, that targets epidermal growth factor; these therapies can be administered either as single agents or in combination. However, these treatment strategies carry a high risk of toxic side effects; therefore, more effective and less toxic treatments are needed. The landscape of HNSCC therapy is changing significantly; numerous clinical trials are underway to test novel therapeutic options like adaptive cellular therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, new targeted therapy agents, novel immunotherapy combinations, and therapeutic vaccines. This review helps in understanding the various developments in HNSCC therapy and sheds light on the path ahead in terms of further research in this field.
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Dejanovic D, Specht L, Czyzewska D, Kiil Berthelsen A, Loft A. Response Evaluation Following Radiation Therapy With 18F-FDG PET/CT: Common Variants of Radiation-Induced Changes and Potential Pitfalls. Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:681-706. [PMID: 35835618 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the cornerstones in cancer treatment and approximately half of all patients will receive some form of RT during the course of their cancer management. Response evaluation after RT and follow-up imaging with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can be complicated by RT-induced acute, chronic or consequential effects. There is a general consensus that 18F-FDG PET/CT for response evaluation should be delayed for 12 weeks after completing RT to minimize the risk of false-positive findings. Radiation-induced late side effects in normal tissue can take years to develop and eventually cause symptoms that on imaging can potentially mimic recurrent disease. Imaging findings in radiation induced injuries depend on the normal tissue included in the irradiated volume and the radiation therapy regime including the total dose delivered, dose per fraction and treatment schedule. The intent for radiation therapy should be taken in consideration when evaluating the response on imaging, that is palliative vs curative or neoadjuvant vs adjuvant RT. Imaging findings can further be distorted by altered anatomy and sequelae following surgery within the radiation field. An awareness of common PET/CT-induced changes/injuries is essential when interpreting 18F-FDG PET/CT as well as obtaining a complete medical history, as patients are occasionally scanned for an unrelated cause to previously RT treated malignancy. In addition, secondary malignancies due to carcinogenic effects of radiation exposure in long-term cancer survivors should not be overlooked. 18F-FDG PET/CT can be very useful in response evaluation and follow-up in patients treated with RT, however, variants and pitfalls are common and it is important to remember that radiation-induced injury is often a diagnosis of exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Dejanovic
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorota Czyzewska
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Kiil Berthelsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annika Loft
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Xie B, Wang Z, Li T, Xue J, Zhang C. LncRNA MALAT1 inhibits the proliferation and invasiveness of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Hep-2 cells by modulating miR-362-3p. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:3729-3740. [PMID: 35836842 PMCID: PMC9274578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of lncRNA MALAT1 (MALAT1) inhibiting the proliferation and invasiveness of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) Hep-2 cells by modulating miR-362-3p. METHODS We collected the expression profile of lncRNAs and miRNAs in LSCC downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database as well as LSCC tissue samples and adjacent normal counterparts resected from LSCC patients in Lvliang People's Hospital and First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between January 2018 and June 2020 for analysis. Human LSCC Hep-2 cells were selected for experiments. The expression of miR-362-3p and MALAT1 was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cells were subsequently transfected to knock out MALAT1, and the growth, metastasis and invasiveness of cells were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, plate clone formation, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assays respectively. The binding of MALAT1 to miR-362-3p was verified by RNA pull-down, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), and dual-luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS MALAT1 was highly expressed while miR-362-3p was lowly expressed in both LSCC tissues and cells compared with normal counterparts. MALAT1 knockdown inhibited the viability of Hep-2 cells, reducing the number of plate clone-forming cells as well as the number of migrated and invaded cells. Transfection of miR-362-3p inhibitor into Hep-2 cells treated by si-MALAT1 reversed the inhibition of si-MALAT1 on the proliferation of Hep-2 cells, and promoted cell invasiveness and migration. MALAT1 can sponge miR-362-3p and inhibit its expression. CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of MALAT can inhibit Hep-2 cell proliferation and reduce its invasiveness and migration by modulating miR-362-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotong Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Lvliang People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Lvliang Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityLvliang, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Lvliang People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Lvliang Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityLvliang, Shanxi, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lvliang People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Lvliang Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityLvliang, Shanxi, China
| | - Junfang Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, Lvliang People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Lvliang Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityLvliang, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunming Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head-neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Bourhis J, Burtness B, Licitra LF, Nutting C, Schoenfeld JD, Omar M, Bouisset F, Nauwelaerts H, Urfer Y, Zanna C, Cohen EE. Xevinapant or placebo plus chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: TrilynX phase III study design. Future Oncol 2022; 18:1669-1678. [PMID: 35172587 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xevinapant is a first-in-class antagonist of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, which enhances cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In a phase II randomized study in patients with unresected locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA SCCHN), xevinapant plus standard-of-care cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) showed superior efficacy versus placebo plus CRT. Here, we describe the design of TrilynX (NCT04459715), a randomized, double-blind, phase III study. In total, 700 patients with unresected LA SCCHN will be randomized 1:1 to receive xevinapant or placebo plus standard-of-care CRT followed by xevinapant monotherapy or placebo. The primary end point is event-free survival by blinded independent review committee. Secondary end points include progression-free survival, locoregional control, overall survival and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bourhis
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Burtness
- Yale School of Medicine & Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Lisa F Licitra
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori & University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Mokhtar Omar
- Debiopharm International SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yulia Urfer
- Debiopharm International SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Ezra Ew Cohen
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Nenclares P, Rullan A, Tam K, Dunn LA, St John M, Harrington KJ. Introducing Checkpoint Inhibitors Into the Curative Setting of Head and Neck Cancers: Lessons Learned, Future Considerations. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2022; 42:1-16. [PMID: 35522916 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_351336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapy, in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors, has irrevocably altered the paradigm of cancer treatment over the past decade. Multiple characteristics of the immune landscape in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma suggest a strong rationale for the use of immunotherapies in this disease. Data from studies with both single-agent immunotherapies and chemotherapy and immunotherapy combinations in patients with incurable, relapsed disease have confirmed the potential for immune checkpoint inhibitors to be translated into settings in which patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are treated with curative intent. Indeed, a number of single-arm and randomized studies, including trials of immunotherapy with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, have already been completed or are ongoing. In this review, we present promising data from studies in which immunotherapy has been used in conjunction with curative-intent surgery, both as neoadjuvant/induction treatment and as an adjuvant approach. In addition, we discuss the fact that immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is, once again, allowing oncologists to revisit the potential role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy as part of definitive treatment regimens for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, we address the increasing interest in exploiting synergistic interactions between radiotherapy and immunotherapy in the context of radical radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy regimens. As a consequence of these new areas of research, we are optimistic that the next decade may see immunotherapy embedded within recommended standard-of-care curative regimens for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Nenclares
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Rullan
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenric Tam
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lara A Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Maie St John
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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The role of induction chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A nationwide population-based matched study. Oral Oncol 2022; 128:105848. [PMID: 35364548 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Induction chemotherapy (IC) has a proven role in organ preservation and reducing distant failure. However, its ability to prolong survival remains controversy. Herein, our study aimed to investigate the impact of primary tumor location on survival in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) treated with IC. METHODS Patients who were older than 18 years and diagnosed with LA-HNSCC between 2007 and 2016 were retrospectively identified from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and Taiwan Cancer Registry. Patients were categorized into two group: IC group and CCRT group. In order to reduce the selection bias, IC patients were individually matched with the CCRT patients. The oncologic outcomes were presented with overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 5547 patients were identified. After matching, 2208 patients were analyzed for outcomes comparison, including 1104 patients in each group. In general, median OS were 27.3 months versus 28.5 months in IC and CCRT group, respectively (p = 0.6151). Patients were stratified by primary tumor location. For patients with oral cavity cancers, the median OS was significantly inferior in IC group than those in CCRT group, while for patients with non-oral cavity cancer, the median OS was superior in IC group than those in CCRT group. CONCLUSIONS Primary tumor location has a significant impact on survival in patients with LA-HNSCC treated with IC. Our study provides a strong evidence that primary tumor location should be taken into consideration during multidisciplinary approach.
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Mady LJ, Baddour K, Hodges JC, Magaña LC, Schwarzbach HL, Borrebach JD, Nilsen ML, Johnson JT, Hall DE. The impact of frailty on mortality in non-surgical head and neck cancer treatment: Shifting the clinical paradigm. Oral Oncol 2022; 126:105766. [PMID: 35168191 PMCID: PMC9642850 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compare survival of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated with surgical or non-surgical management according to frailty, quantify frailty with the Risk Analysis Index (RAI), a validated 14-item instrument. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective cohort study of newly diagnosed HNC patients (≥18 years) who had frailty assessment from April 13, 2016 to September 30, 2016. Primary outcome was overall survival at 1- and 3-years. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to examine mortality with predictor variables. Adjusted and unadjusted (Kaplan-Meier) survival curves stratified by either RAI scores or treatment modality were plotted. Kruskal-Wallis and likelihood ratio chi-square tests were used for comparing clinicodemographic variables. RESULTS Of 165 patients, 54 (32.7%) were managed non-surgically, 49 (29.7%) were treated with definitive surgery only, and 62 (37.6%) were treated with multimodality (surgery + adjuvant) therapy. Among the full cohort and subgroup analysis of the frail/very frail (RAI ≥ 37), non-surgical patients had worse or similar 3-year survival than those treated with surgery +/- adjuvant therapy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models demonstrate that frail patients treated non-surgically experienced worse survival than their counterparts treated with surgery (HR = 2.50, p = 0.015, 95% CI: 1.19, 5.23) or multimodality therapy (HR = 3.91, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.94-7.89). CONCLUSION Across all levels of frailty, long term survival of HNC patients treated without surgery is either worse than or like those treated with surgery. These findings (1) challenge current practices of steering patients "too frail for surgery" towards non-surgical, "non-invasive" therapy, and (2) suggest equipoise warranting randomized trials to clarify treatment of frail patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila J. Mady
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Khalil Baddour
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Linda C. Magaña
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hannah L. Schwarzbach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Marci L. Nilsen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonas T. Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E. Hall
- Wolff Center at UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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More than a Bubble: Extracellular Vesicle microRNAs in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051160. [PMID: 35267467 PMCID: PMC8909139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive and lethal disease. Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, the overall survival of patients with advanced HNSCC remains poor. Recently, microRNAs in extracellular vesicles (EV-miRNAs) have been proposed as essential regulatory molecules involved in HNSCC. EV-miRNAs may serve as disease biomarkers and represent a novel therapeutic target. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of EV-miRNAs in HNSCC as well as their potential future clinical applications. Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that play a pivotal regulatory role in a broad variety of biological processes. Dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with several human diseases, particularly cancer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial components in intercellular communication. As part of the cargo of EVs, miRNAs are involved in EV-mediated cell-to-cell interactions, including promotion or suppression of tumor development. The knowledge on the molecular mechanisms and clinical importance of EV-miRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has rapidly grown over the past years. In the present review, the current understanding regarding the effect of EV-miRNAs on HNSCC tumorigenesis is summarized, which includes effects on tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, the tumor microenvironment, immune modulation, and treatment resistance. EV-miRNA-based biomarkers in liquid biopsies such as blood and saliva may open up new possibilities for employing EV-miRNAs for screening and early diagnostics as well as disease monitoring. Future perspectives include the promise of EV-miRNAs as a novel therapeutic target.
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Klinghammer K, Lorini L, Nevens D, Simon C, Machiels JP, Bossi P. Treatment Stratification in First-Line Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer, on Behalf of the EORTC Young Investigator Head and Neck Cancer Group. Front Oncol 2022; 12:730785. [PMID: 35155222 PMCID: PMC8830482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.730785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors differentially influence treatment decisions in the first line treatment of recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. The EORTC Young investigator group launched a survey among treating physicians to explore the main influencing factors for treatment stratification. The questionnaire was posted as a web-survey link from May to August 2020. Next to defining the factors that mostly influence therapeutic decision the survey was complemented by a clinical case discussion of five patient cases. A total of 118 responses from 19 countries were collected. The key factors identified to guide treatment decision were performance status, PD-L1 Expression, time from last systemic treatment above or below 6 months, and disease burden. Prospective evaluation of patient characteristics and additional potential predictive biomarkers for novel treatment options remains an important question to stratify personalized treatment for RM HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Klinghammer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luigi Lorini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daan Nevens
- Iridium Netwerk, Radiation Oncology Department, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christian Simon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Lausanne, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pascal Machiels
- Institut Roi Albert II, Department of Medical Oncology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (Pole MIRO), UC Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Shahoumi LA. Oral Cancer Stem Cells: Therapeutic Implications and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:685236. [PMID: 35048028 PMCID: PMC8757826 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.685236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is currently one of the 10 most common malignancies worldwide, characterized by a biologically highly diverse group of tumors with non-specific biomarkers and poor prognosis. The incidence rate of HNSCC varies widely throughout the world, with an evident prevalence in developing countries such as those in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. Tumor relapse and metastasis following traditional treatment remain major clinical problems in oral cancer management. Current evidence suggests that therapeutic resistance and metastasis of cancer are mainly driven by a unique subpopulation of tumor cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), or cancer-initiating cells (CICs), which are characterized by their capacity for self-renewal, maintenance of stemness and increased tumorigenicity. Thus, more understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CSCs and their behavior may help in developing effective therapeutic interventions that inhibit tumor growth and progression. This review provides an overview of the main signaling cascades in CSCs that drive tumor repropagation and metastasis in oral cancer, with a focus on squamous cell carcinoma. Other oral non-SCC tumors, including melanoma and malignant salivary gland tumors, will also be considered. In addition, this review discusses some of the CSC-targeted therapeutic strategies that have been employed to combat disease progression, and the challenges of targeting CSCs, with the aim of improving the clinical outcomes for patients with oral malignancies. Targeting of CSCs in head and neck cancer (HNC) represents a promising approach to improve disease outcome. Some CSC-targeted therapies have already been proven to be successful in pre-clinical studies and they are now being tested in clinical trials, mainly in combination with conventional treatment regimens. However, some studies revealed that CSCs may not be the only players that control disease relapse and progression of HNC. Further, clinical research studying a combination of therapies targeted against head and neck CSCs may provide significant advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linah A Shahoumi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Photodynamic therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: narrative review focusing on photosensitizers. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1441-1470. [PMID: 34855034 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PDT in early or advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Embase were searched electronically following the PRISMA protocol. Quality assessment was performed according to JBI, NIH, and AMSTAR protocols. The main outcomes evaluated were treatment response, recurrence, survival, and adverse effects. A total of 49 articles met the search criteria: 43 case series, two cohort studies, two prospective before-after clinical trials, one systematic review, and one meta-analysis. Data from 2121 SCCHN patients were included. The response to PDT was variable according to the type of photosensitizer, tumor location, and tumor stage. In general, higher complete responses rated were observed in T1/T2 SCCHN, mainly with mTHPC-mediated PDT. With regard to T3/T4 or advanced SCCHN tumors, there is no compelling evidence suggesting the effectiveness of PDT. Any adverse effects reported were well tolerated by patients. The present review suggests that PDT is a promising treatment modality for early-stage SCCHN. Although there are limitations due to the low level of evidence of the included studies, we believe that the present review could help to design robust clinical trials to determine the efficacy of PDT in SCCHN.
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Clarke E, Eriksen JG, Barrett S. The effects of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors on recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a critical review of the literature and meta-analysis. Acta Oncol 2021; 60:1534-1542. [PMID: 34410881 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2021.1964699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 50% of patients with locally advanced HNSCC eventually present with disease recurrence or metastasis. Interaction of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), allows tumour cells to evade immune attack by inhibiting T-cell activation. PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors block this immunosuppressive effect. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents for recurrent/metastatic (R/M) HNSCC in terms of survival, toxicity, and response. It will test the hypothesis that immunotherapy improves treatment outcomes for R/M HNSCC patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Studies were identified through an electronic search of databases EMBASE and Medline. Data on survival, response and toxicity following PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition was extracted from included studies and compared. A subgroup meta-analysis compared these outcomes in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition versus the standard of care (SOC). RESULTS Thirteen studies (n = 1798) were included in this review. Overall survival following PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition ranged from 6 to 13 months. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were fatigue, hypothyroidism and nausea; Grade ≥3 TRAEs occurred in 13% of patients. Meta-analysis of RCTs showed that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents improved survival and reduced toxicity compared to the SOC. This was demonstrated by a 37% lower risk of death (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.51-0.78, I2 = 18%, p ≤ 0.0001) and a 77% lower risk of any-grade TRAEs (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.18-0.29, I2 = 90%, p ≤ 0.00001) with immunotherapy versus SOC. DISCUSSION Based on the observed safety and efficacy, PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition improves treatment outcomes for R/M HNSCC patients. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors significantly prolonged survival and reduced toxicity compared to the SOC, however further randomised trials are needed to investigate their role in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Clarke
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jesper Grau Eriksen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sarah Barrett
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Du Y, Zhao HC, Zhu HC, Jin Y, Wang L. Ferroptosis is involved in the anti-tumor effect of lycorine in renal cell carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:781. [PMID: 34594422 PMCID: PMC8456505 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a most common malignant tumor in the genitourinary system. Studies have shown that Lycorine has promising anticancer activities with minor side effects. However, the effect of lycorine on the proliferation of RCC cells and its underlying anti-tumor mechanism have not yet been fully elucidated. The human renal cancer cell lines 786-O, A498 and Caki-1 were cultured and treated with different concentrations of lycorine or ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor. Cell viability and colony formation assays were used to measure cell proliferation. The 5-, 12- and 15-HETE hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and MDA levels, as well as the reduced to oxidized glutathione (GHS/GSSG) ratio, were analyzed. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), which are key markers of ferroptosis. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the morphological features associated with ferroptosis. Lycorine was found to inhibit the proliferation of RCC cells. After lycorine treatment, the expression levels of GPX4 in RCC cells decreased, whereas those of ACSL4 increased. Lycorine induced the expression of 5-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE and MDA in RCC cells, and reduced the GSH/GSSG ratio. In addition, ferrostatin-1 could prevent lycorine-induced ferroptosis in RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Heng-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Yao Jin
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
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Real-world study of the impact of recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN) on quality of life and productivity in Europe. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:854. [PMID: 34303346 PMCID: PMC8310582 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although current therapy for patients with early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is potentially curative, the recurrence rate is high. Patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) SCCHN have a poor prognosis and substantial disease burden, including impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL), productivity loss and indirect costs, such as need for caregiver support. The aim of this study was to characterize the impact of R/M SCCHN and its first-line treatment on patient and caregiver quality of life, daily activities and work productivity using real-world evidence from Europe. Methods This was a multicentre retrospective study of patients with R/M SCCHN in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom incorporating patient and caregiver surveys, and a physician-reported medical chart review, conducted between January and May 2019. Patients aged 18 or over with a physician confirmed diagnosis R/M SCCHN completed four validated measures of disease activity and its impact on quality of life and work productivity, while caregivers also completed questionnaire to assess the burden of providing care. Physicians provided data for clinical characteristics, patient management, testing history and treatment patterns. Results A total of 195 medical/clinical oncologists provided data for 937, predominantly male (72%) patients, with almost half of patients aged over 65 years. The most frequently reported symptoms were fatigue (43%), weight loss (40%), pain (35%) and difficulty swallowing (32%). The EXTREME regimen was the most common first line therapy in over half of patients, who reported moderate or extreme pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, and problems with self-care resulting in a diminished health status compared with the general population. Only 14% were employed with high absenteeism or presenteeism, and over half of patients had a caregiver for whom the burden of care was substantial. Conclusion Our results provide real-world insight into the multi-faceted burden associated with R/M SCCHN. The combination of poor HRQoL and the impairment in daily activities, social life and employment illustrates the wider impact of R/M SCCHN on patients and their caregivers, and highlights a need for novel 1 L treatment regimens to improve the humanistic and productivity burdens of this cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08557-2.
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Zupančič T, Zakotnik B, Kuhar CG. Outcome of patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell head and neck cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy with or without cetuximab in real-world practice. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 15:190. [PMID: 34349990 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell head and neck cancer (R/M SCHNC) exhibit a poor prognosis with a median overall survival (OS) time of <1 year. Platinum-based chemotherapy with or without cetuximab has been the standard of care in the last decade. The aim of the current retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome and tolerability of treatment in patients with R/M SCHNC receiving platinum/5-fluorouracil/cetuximab (PFE) chemotherapy compared with platinum/5-fluorouracil (PF) chemotherapy in daily clinical practice. A retrospective analysis was performed using the data of patients treated at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana between April 2008 and May 2018. Progression-free survival (PFS) and OS were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Multivariate regression Cox analysis was used to determine independent prognostic factors. A total of 67 patients were treated at the aforementioned Institute: 34 patients received the PF and 33 the PFE regimen. The mean age of patients was 54.6 years and 91% of patients were male. Median PFS time was 6.6 vs. 7.1 months for the PF vs. PFE groups, respectively (P=0.852). Median OS time was 9.6 vs. 11.5 months for the PF vs. PFE groups, respectively (P=0.029). The prognostic factor for PFS was partial remission [hazard ratio (HR), 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15-0.70; P=0.004]. Prognostic factors for OS were partial remission (HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.06-0.38; P<0.001) or stable disease (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.13-0.64; P=0.002), and a subsequent line of treatment upon progression (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.15-0.52; P<0.001). In the PFE group, 15.4% of patients had a grade >2 infusion reaction to cetuximab and 27.3% had grade 3 skin rash. There were no differences in diarrhoea, hypomagnesaemia, infections and febrile neutropenia; however, the mortality on active treatment was high (13.4%). In conclusion, patients treated with PFE had similar PFS, but improved OS compared with patients treated with the PF protocol. The proportion of patients who died under treatment due to disease progression and toxicity was high in both treatment arms. A thorough selection of patients for this treatment is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Zupančič
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Franc Derganc General Hospital, Nova Gorica, 5290 Šempeter pri Gorici, Slovenia
| | - Branko Zakotnik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cvetka Grašič Kuhar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Fushimi C, Baba D, Masubuchi T, Yamazaki M, Kitani Y, Kitajima T, Tanaka J, Hanyu K, Tanaka N, Miura K, Tada Y. Weekly Cetuximab and Paclitaxel for Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In Vivo 2021; 34:2653-2657. [PMID: 32871796 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Head and neck cancers account for 8% of all cancer cases worldwide. However, identifying the optimal treatment for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (R/MHNSCC) has been challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors of the outcome of patients with R/MHNSCC who were treated with weekly cetuximab and paclitaxel (Cmab-PTX). PATIENTS AND METHODS The records of R/MHNSCC patients who were treated with Cmab-PTX in our institution between June 2013 and September 2017 were collected. We analyzed Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), prognostic factors and adverse events. RESULTS The records of 59 patients treated with Cmab-PTX were analyzed. The median PFS was 5.7 months, and the median OS was 11.8 months. Patients who had been administered cetuximab previously had shorter PFS and OS than those who had not. CONCLUSION Cmab-PTX may be considered as a treatment option in head and neck R/MHNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Fushimi
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Baba
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Masubuchi
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Yamazaki
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kitani
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kitajima
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junpei Tanaka
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hanyu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naruhisa Tanaka
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouki Miura
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tada
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Borcoman E, Marret G, Le Tourneau C. Paradigm Change in First-Line Treatment of Recurrent and/or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2573. [PMID: 34073885 PMCID: PMC8197177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy has been for the decade standard of care for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) patients in the first-line recurrent and/or metastatic setting. The KEYNOTE-048 trial published last year established a new paradigm in this setting with the demonstration that immunotherapy should be given either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Indeed, pembrolizumab, an antiprogrammed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor, improved overall survival as compared to the EXTREME regimen in patients expressing PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment, which represents a large majority of the patient population. In this review, we will decipher this important change of paradigm in the first-line treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC, and discuss associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Borcoman
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (E.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Gregoire Marret
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (E.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (E.B.); (G.M.)
- INSERM U900 Research Unit, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Paris-Saclay University, 78180 Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
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De Keukeleire SJ, Vermassen T, Hilgert E, Creytens D, Ferdinande L, Rottey S. Immuno-Oncological Biomarkers for Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck: Current State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1714. [PMID: 33916646 PMCID: PMC8038541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The era of immune checkpoint inhibitors has altered the therapeutic landscape in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN). Our knowledge about the tumor microenvironment has fueled the research in SCCHN, leading to several well-known and less-known prognostic and predictive biomarkers. The clinical staging, p16/HPV status, and PD-L1 expression are currently the main tools for assessing the patients' diagnosis and prognosis. However, several novel biomarkers have been thoroughly investigated, some reaching actual significant clinical contributions. The untangling of the immune infiltrate with the subtyping of tissue-associated tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages, and circulating blood-based biomarkers are an interesting avenue to be further explored and prospectively assessed. Although PD-L1 expression remains the most important response predictor for immune checkpoint inhibitors, several flaws impede proper assessment such as technical issues, different scoring protocol, and intra-, inter-, and temporal heterogeneity. In addition, the construction of an immune-related gene panel has been proposed as a prognostic and predictive stratification but lacks consensus. Recently, the role of microbioma have also been explored regarding its systemic and antitumor immunity. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the aforementioned topics in SCCHN. To this end, the integration of these clinically advantageous biomarkers via construction of an immunogram or nomogram could be an invaluable tool for SCCHN in future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn J. De Keukeleire
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.V.); (S.R.)
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.H.); (D.C.); (L.F.)
- Drug Research Unit Ghent, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tijl Vermassen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.V.); (S.R.)
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.H.); (D.C.); (L.F.)
- Drug Research Unit Ghent, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Hilgert
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.H.); (D.C.); (L.F.)
- Centre for Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Creytens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.H.); (D.C.); (L.F.)
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Ferdinande
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.H.); (D.C.); (L.F.)
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Rottey
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.V.); (S.R.)
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.H.); (D.C.); (L.F.)
- Drug Research Unit Ghent, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Fasano M, Della Corte CM, Viscardi G, Di Liello R, Paragliola F, Sparano F, Iacovino ML, Castrichino A, Doria F, Sica A, Morgillo F, Colella G, Tartaro G, Cappabianca S, Testa D, Motta G, Ciardiello F. Head and neck cancer: the role of anti-EGFR agents in the era of immunotherapy. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:1758835920949418. [PMID: 33767760 PMCID: PMC7953226 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920949418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNC) represent the seventh most frequent cancer worldwide, with squamous cell carcinomas as the most frequent histologic subtype. Standard treatment for early stage diseases is represented by single modality surgery or radiotherapy, whereas in the locally advanced and recurrent or metastatic settings a more aggressive multi-modal approach is needed with locoregional intervention and/or systemic therapies. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in HNC biology and has been studied extensively in preclinical and clinical settings. In this scenario, anti-EGFR targeted agent cetuximab, introduced in clinical practice a decade ago, represents the only approved targeted therapy to date, while the development of immune-checkpoint inhibitors has recently changed the available treatment options. In this review, we focus on the current role of anti-EGFR therapies in HNCs, underlying available clinical data and mechanisms of resistance, and highlight future perspectives regarding their role in the era of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Fasano
- Department of Precision Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli. Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Carminia Maria Della Corte
- Department of Precision Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viscardi
- Department of Precision Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Raimondo Di Liello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Fernando Paragliola
- Department of Precision Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparano
- Department of Precision Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Iacovino
- Department of Precision Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Doria
- Centro radiologico Vega, Centro radiologico fisica e terapia fisica Morrone, Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonello Sica
- Department of Precision Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Morgillo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colella
- Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tartaro
- Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cappabianca
- Department of Precision Medicine, Radiology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Testa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical and Emergency Science, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Motta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical and Emergency Science, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Neoadjuvant anti-OX40 (MEDI6469) therapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma activates and expands antigen-specific tumor-infiltrating T cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1047. [PMID: 33594075 PMCID: PMC7886909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of checkpoint blockade in some cancer patients, there is an unmet need to improve outcomes. Targeting alternative pathways, such as costimulatory molecules (e.g. OX40, GITR, and 4-1BB), can enhance T cell immunity in tumor-bearing hosts. Here we describe the results from a phase Ib clinical trial (NCT02274155) in which 17 patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) received a murine anti-human OX40 agonist antibody (MEDI6469) prior to definitive surgical resection. The primary endpoint was to determine safety and feasibility of the anti-OX40 neoadjuvant treatment. The secondary objective was to assess the effect of anti-OX40 on lymphocyte subsets in the tumor and blood. Neoadjuvant anti-OX40 was well tolerated and did not delay surgery, thus meeting the primary endpoint. Peripheral blood phenotyping data show increases in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation two weeks after anti-OX40 administration. Comparison of tumor biopsies before and after treatment reveals an increase of activated, conventional CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in most patients and higher clonality by TCRβ sequencing. Analyses of CD8+ TIL show increases in tumor-antigen reactive, proliferating CD103+ CD39+ cells in 25% of patients with evaluable tumor tissue (N = 4/16), all of whom remain disease-free. These data provide evidence that anti-OX40 prior to surgery is safe and can increase activation and proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood and tumor. Our work suggests that increases in the tumor-reactive CD103+ CD39+ CD8+ TIL could serve as a potential biomarker of anti-OX40 clinical activity. Different neoadjuvant therapies have been proposed to improve immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Here, the authors perform a phase Ib clinical trial where an agonist OX40 antibody provided prior to surgery is well tolerated and increases proliferation and activation of tumor antigen-specific T cells in head and neck cancer patients.
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Adkins DR, Lin JC, Sacco A, Ley J, Oppelt P, Vanchenko V, Komashko N, Yen CJ, Wise-Draper T, Lopez-Picazo Gonzalez J, Radulovic S, Shen Q, Thurm H, Martini JF, Hoffman J, Huang X, Melichar B, Tahara M. Palbociclib and cetuximab compared with placebo and cetuximab in platinum-resistant, cetuximab-naïve, human papillomavirus-unrelated recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A double-blind, randomized, phase 2 trial. Oral Oncol 2021; 115:105192. [PMID: 33571736 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined whether palbociclib and cetuximab prolonged overall survival (OS) versus placebo and cetuximab. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this double-blind, randomized, phase 2 trial (PALATINUS), patients with platinum-resistant, cetuximab-naïve, human papillomavirus-unrelated recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma received cetuximab and either palbociclib (arm A) or placebo (arm B). The primary endpoint was OS; 120 patients were required to have ≥80% power to detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.6 (median OS of 10 months in arm A and 6 months in arm B) using a one-sided, log-rank test (P = 0.10). RESULTS 125 patients were randomized (arm A: 65, arm B: 60). Median follow-up was 15.9 months (IQR, 11.3-22.7). Median OS was 9.7 months in arm A and 7.8 months in arm B (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.54-1.25; P = 0.18). Median progression-free survival was 3.9 months in arm A and 4.6 months in arm B (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.67-1.5; P = 0.50). The most common treatment-related adverse events in arm A were rash (39 patients, 60.9%) and neutropenia (26, 40.6%; three febrile) and in arm B was rash (32, 53.3%). CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in median OS with palbociclib and cetuximab versus placebo and cetuximab. FUNDING Pfizer Inc (NCT02499120).
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Adkins
- Division of Medical Oncology and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Jin-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Assuntina Sacco
- Infusion Center, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Ley
- Division of Medical Oncology and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter Oppelt
- Division of Medical Oncology and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vyacheslay Vanchenko
- Department of Microsurgery of Otolaryngology Organs, Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Komashko
- Department of Microsurgery of Otolaryngology Organs, Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Ukraine
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Haemtology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Trisha Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Sinisa Radulovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Qi Shen
- Global Product Development-Oncology, Pfizer Inc, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Holger Thurm
- Global Product Development-Oncology, Pfizer Inc, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Justin Hoffman
- Global Product Development-Oncology, Pfizer Inc, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Global Product Development-Oncology, Pfizer Inc, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Lekarska fakulta Univerzity Palackeho a Fakultni nemocnice, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Makoto Tahara
- Head and Neck Oncology Division, Japanese National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
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Oliveira TB, Mesía R, Falco A, Hsieh JCH, Yokota T, Saada-Bouzid E, Schmitz S, Elicin O, Giacomelli L, Bossi P. Defining the needs of patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer: An expert opinion. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103200. [PMID: 33321152 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical and biological heterogeneity of head and neck cancer (HNC) is paralleled by a plethora of different symptoms that affect the patient's quality of life. These symptoms include, for instance, pain, fatigue, nutritional issues, airways obstruction, voice alterations and psychological distress. In addition, patients with HNC are prone to a high risk of infection, and may also suffer from acute complications, such as hypercalcemia, spine compression by bone metastasis or bleeding. Prolonging survival is also an inherent expectation for all patients. Addressing the above needs is crucial in all patients with HNC, and especially in those with recurrent and/or metastatic (RM) disease. However, research on how to address patients' needs in RM-HNC remains scarce. This paper defines patients' needs for RM HNC and presents an Expert Opinion on how to address them, proposing also some lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricard Mesía
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology - Badalona, B-ARGO Group, IGTP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustin Falco
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Tomoya Yokota
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
| | - Esma Saada-Bouzid
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Sandra Schmitz
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Head and Neck Surgery, Institut Roi Albert II, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (Pole MIRO), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Catholic University of Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Olgun Elicin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Giacomelli
- Polistudium srl, Milan, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diangostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical & Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences & Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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