1
|
Pérez González S, Heredia-Soto V, Girón de Francisco M, Pérez-Fernández E, Casans-Francés R, Mendiola Sabio M, González-Peramato P. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase-Promoter Mutation in Young Patients with Bladder Tumors. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2845-2855. [PMID: 38666908 PMCID: PMC11049539 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) gene promoter mutation is one of the most prevalent mutations in urothelial bladder tumors and this mutation is related to bladder tumor progression. Our purpose was to evaluate the presence of this mutation in a population of patients who were first diagnosed at age ≤ 40 years and to examine its relationship with tumor characteristics and progression. A molecular study was performed to detect the two most prevalent mutations in the TERT promoter (C228T and C250T). The study included 29 patients, with a mean follow-up of 152 months. There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical or tumor characteristics according to the presence or absence of the mutation. Although the mutation group showed poorer recurrence-free survival (RFS), there was no statistically significant difference and there was no difference in progression-free survival by group (p > 0.05). The pTERT mutations in bladder tumor cells occurred less frequently in younger patients than in older patients, a finding that could indicate different mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The trend towards lower RFS in patients with mutated pTERT needs to be confirmed by further studies, given the small number of patients included in these studies due to the low incidence of bladder tumors in this age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Heredia-Soto
- Translational Oncology Research Laboratory, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Cancer Network (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Rubén Casans-Francés
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Infanta Elena University Hospital, 28342 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mendiola Sabio
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Cancer Network (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar González-Peramato
- Department of Pathology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cellular Engineering Laboratory, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng Y, Ma C, Li Z, Wu J, Wu G, Xiao N. Upper tract urothelial carcinoma accompanied by hyperthermia: A case report. Urol Case Rep 2024; 52:102634. [PMID: 38148853 PMCID: PMC10750144 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2023.102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively rare malignant neoplasm of the urinary system. Due to its highly aggressiveness, the tumor has already undergone invasive growth when most UTUC patients are diagnosed. In addition, the most common cause of fever in cancer patients is infection, and cancer patients with neoplastic fever are relatively rare. We reported a 58-year-old man with invasive high-grade UTUC accompanied by hyperthermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Cheng
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zonglin Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Gongjin Wu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Urinary Diseases Research of Gansu Province, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pescia C, Pini G, Lopez G, Malfatto M, Brescia G, Tabano S, Del Gobbo A. A Rare Case of Urinary Bladder Hamartoma Clinically Mimicking an Urothelial Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:1572-1579. [PMID: 36938586 PMCID: PMC10616991 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231159314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Urinary bladder hamartoma is a rare benign proliferation with only 14 cases reported in the literature at present. Urinary bladder hamartoma is composed of a disorderly admixture of normal urinary bladder components, essentially represented by glands lined by transitional epithelium and a variable percentage of fibrous stroma, smooth muscle bundles, and adipose tissue. Urinary bladder hamartomas do not exhibit cytological or architectural abnormalities and show no necrosis or increase in mitotic activity. Clinical manifestations are usually represented by lower urinary tract symptoms, more or less frequently paired with gross hematuria. Several pediatric cases of urinary bladder hamartoma have been reported, sometimes with syndromic associations. Transurethral resection has been curative in all cases reported, with no evidence of recurrence. Here we report an additional rare urinary bladder hamartoma, clinically mimicking urothelial carcinoma, providing a review of the literature regarding this unusual entity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pescia
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuditta Pini
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Malfatto
- Division of Urology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Brescia
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Gobbo
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shuai H, Duan X, Zhou JJ, Liu Y, Wu T. Effect of the TERT mutation on the prognosis of patients with urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Urol 2023; 23:177. [PMID: 37915019 PMCID: PMC10621162 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mutation represents the most prevalent genetic mutation found in urothelial carcinoma (UC) and holds potential as a prognostic indicator for tumor outcomes. However, the association between TERT mutation and prognosis in UC patients remains poorly elucidated due to conflicting findings in existing literature. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the TERT mutation on the survival of UC patients. METHODS We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies that investigated the relationship between the TERT mutation and the prognosis of UC patients. Endpoints included the 2-year and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Review Manager 5.3 was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS Nine studies with a total of 1,552 patients were included in the analysis. Two studies were prospective, and seven were retrospective. The TERT promoter mutation was associated with a lower 2-year OS (relative risk [RR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-0.98; P = 0.007) and a lower 5-year OS (RR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.68-0.94; P = 0.008) compared with the TERT wild type. However, no significantly differences were found between two groups in terms of HR for OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.29, 95% CI 0.80-2.08; P = 0.29). Furthermore, we investigated the differences in RFS and disease-specific survival (DSS) between the two groups. CONCLUSION The TERT mutation increases the risk of death and decreases the survival time of UC patients. TERT may be a valuable marker with individual prognostic value.
Collapse
Grants
- 20SXQT0305, 18SXHZ0321 the City of Nanchong Strategic Cooperation with the Local Universities Foundation of Technology
- 20SXQT0305, 18SXHZ0321 the City of Nanchong Strategic Cooperation with the Local Universities Foundation of Technology
- 20SXQT0305, 18SXHZ0321 the City of Nanchong Strategic Cooperation with the Local Universities Foundation of Technology
- 20SXQT0305, 18SXHZ0321 the City of Nanchong Strategic Cooperation with the Local Universities Foundation of Technology
- 20SXQT0305, 18SXHZ0321 the City of Nanchong Strategic Cooperation with the Local Universities Foundation of Technology
- 2020YJ0185, 2022NSFSC0804 the Application and Basic Research Program of the Sichuan Science and Technology Department
- 2020YJ0185, 2022NSFSC0804 the Application and Basic Research Program of the Sichuan Science and Technology Department
- 2020YJ0185, 2022NSFSC0804 the Application and Basic Research Program of the Sichuan Science and Technology Department
- 2020YJ0185, 2022NSFSC0804 the Application and Basic Research Program of the Sichuan Science and Technology Department
- 2020YJ0185, 2022NSFSC0804 the Application and Basic Research Program of the Sichuan Science and Technology Department
- SWFZ21-C-98 the Primary Health Development Research Center of Sichuan Province Program
- SWFZ21-C-98 the Primary Health Development Research Center of Sichuan Province Program
- SWFZ21-C-98 the Primary Health Development Research Center of Sichuan Province Program
- SWFZ21-C-98 the Primary Health Development Research Center of Sichuan Province Program
- SWFZ21-C-98 the Primary Health Development Research Center of Sichuan Province Program
- S21061 the Medical Research Project of the Sichuan Medical Association
- S21061 the Medical Research Project of the Sichuan Medical Association
- S21061 the Medical Research Project of the Sichuan Medical Association
- S21061 the Medical Research Project of the Sichuan Medical Association
- S21061 the Medical Research Project of the Sichuan Medical Association
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shuai
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Wenhua Road 57, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Duan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 Maoyuan South Road, Shunqing, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Wenhua Road 57, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Wenhua Road 57, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Wenhua Road 57, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su W, Sui W, Cheng X, Zong Y, Qin Y, Cui F. Morphology, immunohistochemistry characteristics, and clinical presentation of microcystic urothelial carcinoma: a series of 10 cases. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:94. [PMID: 37598154 PMCID: PMC10439560 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcystic urothelial carcinoma (MUC) is a rare variant of urothelial carcinoma with histological appearances similar to begin lesions. Thus far, approximately 50 cases have been reported. Here, we investigated the clinicopathological features of MUC. METHODS Clinical data and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were collected. Immunohistochemical staining and polymerase chain reaction-Sanger sequencing were performed to detect the phenotype and TERT mutation status of MUC, respectively. RESULTS The mean patient age was 58.8 ± 14.5 years, with a male predominance (8:2). The pathological stage was T1 in one case, T2 in three cases, T3 in four cases, and T4 in two cases. Tumor metastases or death occurred in all five patients who were followed up within 1-3 years. Histological analyses revealed microcystic, tubular, cribriform, and occasionally cord-like structures, which generally lacked interstitial reactions. The lumens were empty, contained eosinophilic secretion, or were filled with mucin. The microcysts/tubules/cribriform patterns were lined by flat, cuboid, signet ring, or columnar types of epithelia. The cuboid, signet ring, and columnar types represented "glandular metaplasia" or glandular differentiation of urothelial carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed distinct co-expression patterns involving the luminal markers FOXA1 and GATA3, as well as the basal markers CK5/6 and CD44. All 10 cases exhibited a luminal phenotype according to the GATA3+/CK14- criterion, whereas nine cases exhibited a luminal phenotype according to the FOXA1+/CK14- criterion. The telomerase reverse transcriptase-C228T mutation was detected in seven cases. CONCLUSIONS MUC is a rare variant with a deceptively benign form of urothelial carcinoma, which is generally identified as a late-stage tumor with a poor prognosis. It exhibits distinct co-expression of luminal and basal markers, along with the TERT-C228T mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Su
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Sui
- Department of Pathology, Dongying District People's Hospital, Dongying, 257000, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiankui Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zong
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yejun Qin
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Fengyun Cui
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng L, Zhang S, Wang M, Lopez-Beltran A. Biological and clinical perspectives of TERT promoter mutation detection on bladder cancer diagnosis and management. Hum Pathol 2023; 133:56-75. [PMID: 35700749 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations are associated with increased TERT mRNA and TERT protein levels, telomerase activity, and shorter but stable telomere length. TERT promoter mutation is the most common mutation that occurs in approximately 60-80% of patients with bladder cancer. The TERT promoter mutations occur in a wide spectrum of urothelial lesions, including benign urothelial proliferation and tumor-like conditions, benign urothelial tumors, premalignant and putative precursor lesions, urothelial carcinoma and its variants, and nonurothelial malignancies. The prevalence and incidence of TERT promoter mutations in a total of 7259 cases from the urinary tract were systematically reviewed. Different platforms of TERT promoter mutation detection were presented. In this review, we also discussed the significance and clinical implications of TERT promoter mutation detection in urothelial tumorigenesis, surveillance and early detection, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of treatment responses, and clinical outcome. Identification of TERT promoter mutations from urine or plasma cell-free DNA (liquid biopsy) will facilitate bladder cancer screening program and optimal clinical management. A better understanding of TERT promoter mutation and its pathway would open new therapeutic avenues for patients with bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Lifespan Academic Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mingsheng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Cordoba Medical School, Cordoba, E-14004, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu T, Li S, Xia C, Xu D. TERT promoter mutations and methylation for telomerase activation in urothelial carcinomas: New mechanistic insights and clinical significance. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1071390. [PMID: 36713366 PMCID: PMC9877314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase, an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase synthesizing telomeric TTAGGG sequences, is primarily silent in normal human urothelial cells (NHUCs), but widely activated in urothelial cell-derived carcinomas or urothelial carcinomas (UCs) including UC of the bladder (UCB) and upper track UC (UTUC). Telomerase activation for telomere maintenance is required for the UC development and progression, and the key underlying mechanism is the transcriptional de-repression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a gene encoding the rate-limiting, telomerase catalytic component. Recent mechanistic explorations have revealed important roles for TERT promoter mutations and aberrant methylation in activation of TERT transcription and telomerase in UCs. Moreover, these TERT-featured genomic and epigenetic alterations have been evaluated for their usefulness in non-invasive UC diagnostics, recurrence monitoring, outcome prediction and response to treatments such as immunotherapy. Importantly, the detection of the mutated TERT promoter and TERT mRNA as urinary biomarkers holds great promise for urine-based UC liquid biopsy. In the present article, we review recent mechanistic insights into altered TERT promoter-mediated telomerase activation in UCs and discuss potential clinical implications. Specifically, we compare differences in senescence and transformation between NHUCs and other types of epithelial cells, address the interaction between TERT promoter mutations and other factors to affect UC progression and outcomes, evaluate the impact of TERT promoter mutations and TERT-mediated activation of human endogenous retrovirus genes on UC immunotherapy including Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, we suggest the standardization of a TERT assay and evaluation system for UC clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, China
| | - Chuanyou Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Chuanyou Xia, ; Dawei Xu,
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Medicine, Bioclinicum and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden,*Correspondence: Chuanyou Xia, ; Dawei Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hasanau TN, Pisarev EP, Kisil OV, Zvereva ME. The TERT Promoter: A Key Player in the Fight for Cancer Cell Immortality. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:S21-S38. [PMID: 37069112 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792314002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The review describes the role of telomeres and telomerase in tumor progression, as well as various mechanisms of the activation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression in CNS tumors and other cancers. The main mechanism of TERT activation involves acquisition of somatic mutations by the TERT gene promoter (TERTp). The article presents information on the TERTp structure and transcription factors directly interacting with TERTp and regulating its transcription. The prospects of using the mutational status of TERTp as a prognostic marker of CNS malignancies and other tumors with a common profile of TERTp mutations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsimur N Hasanau
- Natural Compounds Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Eduard P Pisarev
- Natural Compounds Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Olga V Kisil
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow, 119021, Russia
| | - Maria E Zvereva
- Natural Compounds Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marchese PV, Mollica V, Tassinari E, De Biase D, Giunchi F, Marchetti A, Rosellini M, Fiorentino M, Massari F. Implications of TERT promoter mutations and telomerase activity in solid tumors with a focus on genitourinary cancers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:997-1008. [PMID: 36503370 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2154148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The reactivation of telomerase represents a key moment in the carcinogenesis process. Mutations in the central promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene cause telomerase reactivation in approximately 90% of solid tumors. In some of these, its prognostic and predictive role in response to treatments has already been demonstrated, in others (such as tumors of the genitourinary tract like urothelial carcinoma) data are controversial and the research is still ongoing. In the future, TERT promoter mutations and telomerase activity could have diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications in many types of cancer. AREAS COVERED We performed a review the literature with the aim of describing the current evidence on the prognostic and predictive role of TERT promoter mutations. In some tumor types, TERT promoter mutations have been associated with a worse prognosis and could have a potential value as biomarkers to guide therapeutic decisions. Mutations in TERT promoter seems to make the tumor particularly immunogenic and more responsive to immunotherapy, although data is controversial. EXPERT OPINION We described the role of TERT promoter mutations in solid tumors with a particular focus in genitourinary cancers, considering their frequency in this tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Valeria Marchese
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Tassinari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Fabit), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.,Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Giunchi
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He N, Thippabhotla S, Zhong C, Greenberg Z, Xu L, Pessetto Z, Godwin AK, Zeng Y, He M. Nano pom-poms prepared exosomes enable highly specific cancer biomarker detection. Commun Biol 2022; 5:660. [PMID: 35787656 PMCID: PMC9253007 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly nano-sized small EV exosomes, are emerging biomarker sources. However, due to heterogeneous populations secreted from diverse cell types, mapping exosome multi-omic molecular information specifically to their pathogenesis origin for cancer biomarker identification is still extraordinarily challenging. Herein, we introduced a novel 3D-structured nanographene immunomagnetic particles (NanoPoms) with unique flower pom-poms morphology and photo-click chemistry for specific marker-defined capture and release of intact exosome. This specific exosome isolation approach leads to the expanded identification of targetable cancer biomarkers with enhanced specificity and sensitivity, as demonstrated by multi-omic exosome analysis of bladder cancer patient tissue fluids using the next generation sequencing of somatic DNA mutations, miRNAs, and the global proteome (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD034454). The NanoPoms prepared exosomes also exhibit distinctive in vivo biodistribution patterns, highlighting the highly viable and integral quality. The developed method is simple and straightforward, which is applicable to nearly all types of biological fluids and amenable for enrichment, scale up, and high-throughput exosome isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan He
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
- Clara Biotech Inc., Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Sirisha Thippabhotla
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Cuncong Zhong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Zachary Greenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Ziyan Pessetto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Mei He
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Urinary Exosomal Long Noncoding RNA TERC as a Noninvasive Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9038808. [PMID: 35127956 PMCID: PMC8811540 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9038808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bladder cancer is one of the most common urological malignancies worldwide, and approximately 90% of bladder cancer cases are histologically typed as bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). Exosomes are 30 to 200 nm extracellular vesicles that transport microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), mRNAs, circular RNAs, and proteins across tissues and through circulation. Urinary exosomes may contain genetic information from tumor cells. Herein, we explored the clinical significance of urinary exosomal lncRNA telomerase RNA component (TERC) levels to provide an urgently needed diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for BLCA. Materials and Methods In this study, we used RNA-sequencing of samples from four BLCA patients and three healthy controls to identify that TERC was differentially expressed in urinary exosomes. We then used quantitative PCR in different types of clinical samples to validate the biomarker and analyzed results using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results We found that TERC was significantly upregulated in urinary exosomes from BLCA patients compared with those from healthy controls (P < 0.0001). Urinary exosomal TERC showed higher sensitivity (78.65%) and accuracy (77.78%) than existing indicators including nuclear matrix protein-22 and urine cytometry. Using the cut-off value 4.302, the area under the curve for urinary exosomal TERC was 0.836 (95% confidence interval: 0.768–0.891, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, this noninvasive assay could distinguish low-grade and high-grade tumors (P = 0.0153). Conclusions TERC is enriched in urinary exosomes from BLCA patients. Urinary exosomal TERC could become a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for BLCA that allows clinicians to realize noninvasive detection of BLCA.
Collapse
|