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Head JR, Bin-Alamer O, Wei Z, Waite K, Agrawal N, Mallela AN, Faramand A, Gersey ZC, Niranjan A, Lunsford LD, Abou-Al-Shaar H. Vestibular Schwannoma Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Octogenarians: Case Series. Neurosurgery 2023; 93:1099-1105. [PMID: 37294094 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The management of octogenarians with vestibular schwannomas (VS) has received little attention. However, with the increase in octogenarian population, more effort is needed to clarify the value of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SRS in this patient age group. METHODS A retrospective study of 62 patients aged 80 years or older who underwent single-session SRS for symptomatic VS during a 35-year interval was performed. The median patient age was 82 years, and 61.3% were male. SRS was performed as planned adjuvant management or for delayed progression after prior partial resection in 5 patients. RESULTS SRS resulted in a 5-year tumor control rate of 95.6% with a 4.8% risk of adverse radiation effects (ARE). Tumor control was unrelated to patient age, tumor volume, Koos grade, sex, SRS margin dose, or prior surgical management. Four patients underwent additional management including 1 patient with symptomatic progression requiring surgical resection, 2 patients with symptomatic hydrocephalus requiring cerebrospinal fluid diversion, and 1 patient whose tumor-related cyst required delayed cyst aspiration. Three patients developed ARE, including 1 patient with permanent facial weakness (House-Brackmann grade II), 1 who developed trigeminal neuropathy, and 1 who had worsening gait disorder. Six patients had serviceable hearing preservation before SRS, and 2 maintained serviceable hearing preservation after 4 years. A total of 44 (71%) patients died at an interval ranging from 6 to 244 months after SRS. CONCLUSION SRS resulted in tumor and symptom control in most octogenarian patients with VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery R Head
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Othman Bin-Alamer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Zhishuo Wei
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Kaitlin Waite
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Arka N Mallela
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Andrew Faramand
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Zachary C Gersey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Ajay Niranjan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - L Dade Lunsford
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
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Neves CA, Liu GS, El Chemaly T, Bernstein IA, Fu F, Blevins NH. Automated Radiomic Analysis of Vestibular Schwannomas and Inner Ears Using Contrast-Enhanced T1-Weighted and T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences and Artificial Intelligence. Otol Neurotol 2023; 44:e602-e609. [PMID: 37464458 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To objectively evaluate vestibular schwannomas (VSs) and their spatial relationships with the ipsilateral inner ear (IE) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using deep learning. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PATIENTS A total of 490 adults with VS, high-resolution MRI scans, and no previous neurotologic surgery. INTERVENTIONS MRI studies of VS patients were split into training (390 patients) and test (100 patients) sets. A three-dimensional convolutional neural network model was trained to segment VS and IE structures using contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences, respectively. Manual segmentations were used as ground truths. Model performance was evaluated on the test set and on an external set of 100 VS patients from a public data set (Vestibular-Schwannoma-SEG). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dice score, relative volume error, average symmetric surface distance, 95th-percentile Hausdorff distance, and centroid locations. RESULTS Dice scores for VS and IE volume segmentations were 0.91 and 0.90, respectively. On the public data set, the model segmented VS tumors with a Dice score of 0.89 ± 0.06 (mean ± standard deviation), relative volume error of 9.8 ± 9.6%, average symmetric surface distance of 0.31 ± 0.22 mm, and 95th-percentile Hausdorff distance of 1.26 ± 0.76 mm. Predicted VS segmentations overlapped with ground truth segmentations in all test subjects. Mean errors of predicted VS volume, VS centroid location, and IE centroid location were 0.05 cm 3 , 0.52 mm, and 0.85 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A deep learning system can segment VS and IE structures in high-resolution MRI scans with excellent accuracy. This technology offers promise to improve the clinical workflow for assessing VS radiomics and enhance the management of VS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George S Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University
| | | | - Isaac A Bernstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University
| | - Fanrui Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University
| | - Nikolas H Blevins
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University
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Breun M, Flock K, Feldheim J, Nattmann A, Monoranu CM, Herrmann P, Ernestus RI, Löhr M, Hagemann C, Stein U. Metastasis Associated in Colorectal Cancer 1 (MACC1) mRNA Expression Is Enhanced in Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma and Correlates to Deafness. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4089. [PMID: 37627117 PMCID: PMC10452285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannoma (VS) are benign cranial nerve sheath tumors of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Their incidence is mostly sporadic, but they can also be associated with NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2), a hereditary tumor syndrome. Metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) is known to contribute to angiogenesis, cell growth, invasiveness, cell motility and metastasis of solid malignant cancers. In addition, MACC1 may be associated with nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Therefore, we evaluated whether MACC1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of VS. Sporadic VS, recurrent sporadic VS, NF2-associated VS, recurrent NF2-associated VS and healthy vestibular nerves were analyzed for MACC1 mRNA and protein expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. MACC1 expression levels were correlated with the patients' clinical course and symptoms. MACC1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in sporadic VS compared to NF2-associated VS (p < 0.001). The latter expressed similar MACC1 concentrations as healthy vestibular nerves. Recurrent tumors resembled the MACC1 expression of the primary tumors. MACC1 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with deafness in sporadic VS patients (p = 0.034). Therefore, MACC1 might be a new molecular marker involved in VS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Breun
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (A.N.)
| | - Katharina Flock
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (A.N.)
| | - Jonas Feldheim
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (A.N.)
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Nattmann
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (A.N.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia M. Monoranu
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pia Herrmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf-Ingo Ernestus
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (A.N.)
| | - Mario Löhr
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (A.N.)
| | - Carsten Hagemann
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany (A.N.)
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Ghalavand MA, Asghari A, Farhadi M, Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Garshasbi M, Falah M. The genetic landscape and possible therapeutics of neurofibromatosis type 2. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:99. [PMID: 37217995 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetic condition marked by the development of multiple benign tumors in the nervous system. The most common tumors associated with NF2 are bilateral vestibular schwannoma, meningioma, and ependymoma. The clinical manifestations of NF2 depend on the site of involvement. Vestibular schwannoma can present with hearing loss, dizziness, and tinnitus, while spinal tumor leads to debilitating pain, muscle weakness, or paresthesias. Clinical diagnosis of NF2 is based on the Manchester criteria, which have been updated in the last decade. NF2 is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the NF2 gene on chromosome 22, leading the merlin protein to malfunction. Over half of NF2 patients have de novo mutations, and half of this group are mosaic. NF2 can be managed by surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, and close observation. However, the nature of multiple tumors and the necessity of multiple surgeries over the lifetime, inoperable tumors like meningiomatosis with infiltration of the sinus or in the area of the lower cranial nerves, the complications caused by the operation, the malignancies induced by radiotherapy, and inefficiency of cytotoxic chemotherapy due to the benign nature of NF-related tumors have led a march toward exploring targeted therapies. Recent advances in genetics and molecular biology have allowed identifying and targeting of underlying pathways in the pathogenesis of NF2. In this review, we explain the clinicopathological characteristics of NF2, its genetic and molecular background, and the current knowledge and challenges of implementing genetics to develop efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Ghalavand
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Radiation Oncology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Falah
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Moore LS, Stankovic KM. The Future of Vestibular Schwannoma Management. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2023; 56:611-622. [PMID: 37019772 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The future of the management of both sporadic and neurofibromatosis type 2-asscoiated vestibular schwannomas (VSs) will be shaped by cutting-edge technologic and biomedical advances to enable personalized, precision medicine. This scoping review envisions the future by highlighting the most promising developments published, ongoing, planned, or potential that are relevant for VS, including integrated omics approaches, artificial intelligence algorithms, biomarkers, liquid biopsy of the inner ear, digital medicine, inner ear endomicroscopy, targeted molecular imaging, patient-specific stem cell-derived models, ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy, optical imaging-guided microsurgery, high-throughput development of targeted therapeutics, novel immunotherapeutic strategies, tumor vaccines, and gene therapy.
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Bommakanti K, Seist R, Kukutla P, Cetinbas M, Batts S, Sadreyev RI, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Brenner GJ, Stankovic KM. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Archival Human Vestibular Schwannoma Tissue from Patients with and without Tinnitus. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072642. [PMID: 37048724 PMCID: PMC10095534 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is an intracranial tumor that commonly presents with tinnitus and hearing loss. To uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying VS-associated tinnitus, we applied next-generation sequencing (Illumina HiSeq) to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival VS samples from nine patients with tinnitus (VS-Tin) and seven patients without tinnitus (VS-NoTin). Bioinformatic analysis was used to detect differentially expressed genes (DEG; i.e., ≥two-fold change [FC]) while correcting for multiple comparisons. Using RNA-seq analysis, VS-Tin had significantly lower expression of GFAP (logFC = −3.04), APLNR (logFC = −2.95), PREX2 (logFC = −1.44), and PLVAP (logFC = −1.04; all p < 0.01) vs. VS-NoTin. These trends were validated by using real-time RT-qPCR. At the protein level, immunohistochemistry revealed a trend for less PREX2 and apelin expression and greater expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and CD68-positive macrophages in VS-Tin than in VS-NoTin, suggesting the activation of inflammatory processes in VS-Tin. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the top three protein categories—glycoproteins, signal peptides, and secreted proteins—were significantly enriched in VS-Tin in comparison with VS-NoTin. In a gene set enrichment analysis, the top pathway was allograft rejection, an inflammatory pathway that includes the MMP9, CXCL9, IL16, PF4, ITK, and ACVR2A genes. Future studies are needed to examine the importance of these candidates and of inflammation in VS-associated tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Bommakanti
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard Seist
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Phanidhar Kukutla
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shelley Batts
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gary J. Brenner
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Konstantina M. Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Landry AP, Wang JZ, Suppiah S, Zadeh G. Multiplatform molecular analysis of vestibular schwannoma reveals two robust subgroups with distinct microenvironment. J Neurooncol 2023; 161:491-499. [PMID: 36701029 PMCID: PMC9992225 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is the most common tumour of the cerebellopontine angle and poses a significant morbidity for patients. While many exhibit benign behaviour, others have a more aggressive nature and pattern of growth. Predicting who will fall into which category consistently remains uncertain. There is a need for a better understanding of the molecular landscape, and important subgroups therein, of this disease. METHODS We select all vestibular schwannomas from our tumour bank with both methylation and RNA profiling available. Unsupervised clustering methods were used to define two distinct molecular subgroups of VS which were explored using computational techniques including bulk deconvolution analysis, gene pathway enrichment analysis, and drug repurposing analysis. Methylation data from two other cohorts were used to validate our findings, given a paucity of external samples with available multi-omic data. RESULTS A total of 75 tumours were analyzed. Consensus clustering and similarity network fusion defined two subgroups ("immunogenic" and "proliferative") with significant differences in immune, stroma, and tumour cell abundance (p < 0.05). Gene network analysis and computational drug repurposing found critical differences in targets of immune checkpoint inhibition PD-1 and CTLA-4, the MEK pathway, and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition program, suggesting a need for subgroup-specific targeted treatment/trial design in the future. CONCLUSIONS We leverage computational tools with multi-omic molecular data to define two robust subgroups of vestibular schwannoma with differences in microenvironment and therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin Z Wang
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suganth Suppiah
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Yidian C, Chen L, Hongxia D, Yanguo L, Zhisen S. Single-cell sequencing reveals the cell map and transcriptional network of sporadic vestibular schwannoma. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:984529. [PMID: 36304995 PMCID: PMC9592810 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.984529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, based on three tumor samples obtained from patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma, 32,011 cells were obtained by single-cell transcriptome sequencing, and 22,309 high-quality cells were obtained after quality control and double cells removal. Then, 18 cell clusters were obtained after cluster analysis, and each cluster was annotated as six types of cells. Afterward, an in-depth analysis was conducted based on the defined six cell clusters, including characterizing the functional characteristics of each cell subtype, describing the cell development and differentiation pathway, exploring the interaction between cells, and analyzing the transcriptional regulatory network within the clusters. Based on these four dimensions, various types of cells in sporadic vestibular schwannoma tumor tissues were described in detail. For the first time, we expanded on the functional state of cell clusters that have been reported and described Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, which have not been reported in previous studies. Combined with the data of sporadic vestibular schwannoma and normal tissues in the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database, the candidate biomarkers of sporadic vestibular schwannoma were explored. Overall, this study described the single-cell map of sporadic vestibular schwannoma for the first time, revealing the functional state and development trajectory of different cell types. Combined with the analysis of data in the GEO database and immunohistochemical verification, it was concluded that HLA-DPB1 and VSIG4 may be candidate biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Yidian
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lin Chen
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Deng Hongxia
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Yanguo
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shen Zhisen
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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β 2 -Microglobulin Participates in the Development of Vestibular Schwannoma by Regulating Nuclear Factor-κB. Otol Neurotol 2022; 43:e1049-e1055. [PMID: 36006779 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Vestibular schwannoma (VS), the most common intercranial schwannoma, originates from the sheath of the vestibular nerve. The growth rate of VS varies greatly, with the tumor enlarging gradually, which can compress the peripheral nerve tissue and reveal corresponding symptoms. This study was aimed to elucidate the growth mechanism of VS by analyzing cellular changes at protein, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), and other molecular levels. METHODS We determined mRNA and protein levels of β 2 -microglobulin (β 2 -M) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in tumors of different sizes using the real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The relationship between these factors was verified in VS primary cells cultured in vitro, and the potential role of β 2 -M and NF-κB in VS growth was elucidated. RESULTS In the secretions of freshly isolated tumor tissue cultured for 72 h, the concentration of β 2 -M was positively correlated with the tumor diameter. Furthermore, tumors with larger diameter showed higher expressions of β 2 -M and NF-κB at protein and mRNA level. β 2 -M treatment resulted in elevated protein expression of NF-κB and also its phosphorylated form in vitro. CONCLUSION β 2 -M may participate in VS growth by regulating NF-κB and act as a key regulatory molecule in VS tumor growth.
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Tamura R, Toda M. A Critical Overview of Targeted Therapies for Vestibular Schwannoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5462. [PMID: 35628268 PMCID: PMC9143502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a benign tumor that originates from Schwann cells in the vestibular component. Surgical treatment for VS has gradually declined over the past few decades, especially for small tumors. Gamma knife radiosurgery has become an accepted treatment for VS, with a high rate of tumor control. For neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-associated VS resistant to radiotherapy, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A/VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-targeted therapy (e.g., bevacizumab) may become the first-line therapy. Recently, a clinical trial using a VEGFR1/2 peptide vaccine was also conducted in patients with progressive NF2-associated schwannomas, which was the first immunotherapeutic approach for NF2 patients. Targeted therapies for the gene product of SH3PXD2A-HTRA1 fusion may be effective for sporadic VS. Several protein kinase inhibitors could be supportive to prevent tumor progression because merlin inhibits signaling by tyrosine receptor kinases and the activation of downstream pathways, including the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathways. Tumor-microenvironment-targeted therapy may be supportive for the mainstays of management. The tumor-associated macrophage is the major component of immunosuppressive cells in schwannomas. Here, we present a critical overview of targeted therapies for VS. Multimodal therapy is required to manage patients with refractory VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
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11
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Understanding the Molecular Mechanism of Vestibular Schwannoma for Hearing Preservation Surgery: Otologists’ Perspective from Bedside to Bench. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051044. [PMID: 35626200 PMCID: PMC9140016 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannoma is a clinically benign schwannoma that arises from the vestibulocochlear nerve that causes sensorineural hearing loss. This tumor is clinically and oncologically regarded as a benign tumor as it does not metastasize or invade surrounding tissues. Despite being a benign tumor, its management is difficult and controversial due to the potential serious complications, such as irreversible sensorineural hearing loss, of current interventions. Therefore, preventing hearing loss due to the natural course of the disease and complications of surgery is a challenging issue for an otologist. Improvements have been reported recently in the treatment of vestibular schwannomas. These include advances in intraoperative monitoring systems for vestibular schwannoma surgery where the risk of hearing loss as a complication is decreased. Precise genomic analysis of the tumor would be helpful in determining the characteristics of the tumor for each patient, leading to a better hearing prognosis. These procedures are expected to help improve the treatment of vestibular schwannomas. This review summarizes recent advances in vestibular schwannoma management and treatment, especially in hearing preservation. In addition, recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying vestibular schwannomas and how these advances can be applied in clinical practice are outlined and discussed, respectively. Moreover, the future directions from the bedside to the bench side are presented from the perspective of otologists.
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Vetrano IG, Dei Cas M, Nazzi V, Eoli M, Innocenti N, Saletti V, Potenza A, Carrozzini T, Pollaci G, Gorla G, Paroni R, Ghidoni R, Gatti L. The Lipid Asset Is Unbalanced in Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010061. [PMID: 35008487 PMCID: PMC8744637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) include schwannomas, neurofibromas (NFs), and plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs), among others. While they are benign tumors, according to their biological behavior, some have the potential for malignant degeneration, mainly PNFs. The specific factors contributing to the more aggressive behavior of some PNSTs compared to others are not precisely known. Considering that lipid homeostasis plays a crucial role in fibrotic/inflammatory processes and in several cancers, we hypothesized that the lipid asset was also unbalanced in this group of nerve tumors. Through untargeted lipidomics, NFs presented a significant increase in ceramide, phosphatidylcholine, and Vitamin A ester. PNFs displayed a marked decrease in 34 out of 50 lipid class analyzed. An increased level of ether- and oxidized-triacylglycerols was observed; phosphatidylcholines were reduced. After sphingolipidomic analysis, we observed six sphingolipid classes. Ceramide and dihydroceramides were statistically increased in NFs. All the glycosylated species appeared reduced in NFs, but increased in PNFs. Our findings suggested that different subtypes of PNSTs presented a specific modulation in the lipidic profile. The untargeted and targeted lipidomic approaches, which were not applied until now, contribute to better clarifying bioactive lipid roles in PNS natural history to highlight disease molecular features and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio G. Vetrano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.N.); (N.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Vittoria Nazzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.N.); (N.I.)
| | - Marica Eoli
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Niccolò Innocenti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.N.); (N.I.)
| | - Veronica Saletti
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonella Potenza
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (T.C.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Tatiana Carrozzini
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (T.C.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuliana Pollaci
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (T.C.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Gemma Gorla
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (T.C.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Neurorehabilitation Department, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Laura Gatti
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (T.C.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (L.G.)
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