Multimodal Imaging Technology Effectively Monitors HER2 Expression in Tumors Using Trastuzumab-Coupled Organic Nanoparticles in Patient-Derived Xenograft Mice Models

Targeted Positron Emission Tomography-Tracked Biomimetic Codelivery Synergistically Amplifies Ferroptosis and Pyroptosis for Inducing Lung Cancer Regression and Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy Efficacy

The chemoresistance and systemic toxicity of cisplatin (CDDP) severely limit its application in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, I-124 labeled cancer cell membrane biomimetic nanovesicles loading Polyphyllin VI (PPVI) and CDDP (termed 124I-P/C@CMLvs) were constructed to enhance the sensitivity and efficacy of CDDP. The radiochemical purity (RCP) of 124I-P/C@CMLvs reached more than 99% and maintained reliable stability in vitro. Micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET) imaging of I-124 quantitatively revealed the distribution and specific homologous tumor targeting ability of 124I-P/C@CMLvs in vivo with superior diagnosis performance, beneficial for dynamically monitoring the efficacy against NSCLC. Loaded PPVI significantly strengthened the sensitivity of NSCLC to CDDP therapy and exerted synergistic anti-tumor effect in vitro and in vivo, which was achieved by PPVI promoting p53 deubiquitination and stimulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to trigger the crosstalk between the amplification of GPX4 signaling-mediated ferroptosis and NLRP3/GSDMD/Caspase-1 axis-mediated pyroptosis. 124I-P/C@CMLvs also significantly stimulated the infiltration of immune cells including dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD4+ T cells in tumor tissues (P < 0.05). The combination of 124I-P/C@CMLvs and anti-PD-L1 therapy further synergistically promoted NSCLC regression. Altogether, 124I-P/C@CMLvs provide a transformational solution to the challenge of improving CDDP sensitivity and realizing the integration of diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of NSCLC.

Exploring innovative strides in radiolabeled nanoparticle progress for multimodality cancer imaging and theranostic applications

Multimodal imaging unfolds as an innovative approach that synergistically employs a spectrum of imaging techniques either simultaneously or sequentially. The integration of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and optical imaging (OI) results in a comprehensive and complementary understanding of complex biological processes. This innovative approach combines the strengths of each method and overcoming their individual limitations. By harmoniously blending data from these modalities, it significantly improves the accuracy of cancer diagnosis and aids in treatment decision-making processes. Nanoparticles possess a high potential for facile functionalization with radioactive isotopes and a wide array of contrast agents. This strategic modification serves to augment signal amplification, significantly enhance image sensitivity, and elevate contrast indices. Such tailored nanoparticles constructs exhibit a promising avenue for advancing imaging modalities in both preclinical and clinical setting. Furthermore, nanoparticles function as a unified nanoplatform for the co-localization of imaging agents and therapeutic payloads, thereby optimizing the efficiency of cancer management strategies. Consequently, radiolabeled nanoparticles exhibit substantial potential in driving forward the realms of multimodal imaging and theranostic applications. This review discusses the potential applications of molecular imaging in cancer diagnosis, the utilization of nanotechnology-based radiolabeled materials in multimodal imaging and theranostic applications, as well as recent advancements in this field. It also highlights challenges including cytotoxicity and regulatory compliance, essential considerations for effective clinical translation of nanoradiopharmaceuticals in multimodal imaging and theranostic applications.

Cellular 1H MR Relaxation Times in Healthy and Cancer Three-Dimensional (3D) Breast Cell Culture

Noninvasive measurements of 1H Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) relaxation times in a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture construct are presented. Trastuzumab was used as a pharmacological component delivered to the cells in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Trastuzumab delivery by relaxation times in 3D cell cultures. The bioreactor has been designed and used for 3D cell cultures. Four bioreactors were prepared, two with normal cells and two with breast cancer cells. The relaxation times of HTB-125 and CRL 2314 cell cultures were determined. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) test was performed before MRI measurements to confirm the amount of HER2 protein in the CRL-2314 cancer cells. The results showed that the relaxation time of CRL2314 cells is lower than normal HTB-125 cells in both cases, before and after treatment. An analysis of the results showed that 3D culture studies have potential in evaluating treatment efficacy using relaxation times measurements with a field of 1.5 Tesla. The use 1H MRI relaxation times allows for the visualization of cell viability in response to treatment.

Immunohistochemistry of Immune Cells and Cells Bound to in vivo Administered Antibodies in Liver, Lung, Pancreas, and Colon of B6/lpr Mice

Employing a novel mouse model of immune related adverse events (irAEs) induced by combination of anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, we visualized immune infiltration into the liver, lung, pancreas, and colon. Here, we describe the avidin-biotin conjugate (ABC) method used to stain T cells (CD4 and CD8), B cells (CD19), macrophages (F4/80), and cells bound by the in vivo administered rat anti-mouse antibodies for chromogenic immunohistochemistry (IHC). Using a biotinylated goat anti-rat antibody, we detected the localization of cells bound to the in vivo antibodies for PD-1 and CTLA-4. IHC has advantages over other techniques, namely antibody availability, resistance to photobleaching, and greater sensitivity. Additionally, detection and localization of in vivo antibodies can be used in mice models to infer their therapeutic efficacy, stability, and function. Graphical abstract.