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Zhu S, Liu Y, Chen H, Zhu X, Liu X, Xu K, Sang Y, Shang L, Chong W, Li L. Mechanism and Therapeutic Progress of One-Carbon Metabolic Key Enzyme: Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase 2 in Cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2025; 19:11795549251331755. [PMID: 40337354 PMCID: PMC12056339 DOI: 10.1177/11795549251331755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) is a crucial mitochondrial enzyme in 1-carbon (1C) metabolism. It catalyzes the conversion of serine to glycine, generating 1C units essential for purine and pyrimidine synthesis, thereby supporting DNA replication and repair. Abnormally high expression is associated with malignant progression and treatment tolerance in various cancers. This review systematically summarizes the functions of SHMT2 in different types of cancer, underscoring on its roles in metabolism, immune microenvironment, and key signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK-STAT, etc.) and outlines its epigenetic regulation and posttranslational modification mechanisms. Compared with the existing research, we focused on the latest regulatory mechanisms of SHMT2 and its potential in cancer treatment, such as the development and application of small-molecule inhibitors (SHIN2 and AGF347).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingyu Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yaodong Sang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Chong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Laboratory of Translational Medicine Engineering for Digestive Tumors, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Huang D, Cai H, Huang H. Serine metabolism in tumor progression and immunotherapy. Discov Oncol 2025; 16:628. [PMID: 40295433 PMCID: PMC12037972 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-025-02358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Serine plays a vital role in various metabolic processes including the synthesis of proteins and other amino acids, which are essential for the cell proliferation and growth. Cancer cells either absorb exogenous serine or produce it through the serine synthesis pathway, enabling the generation of intracellular glycine and one-carbon units, which are crucial for nucleotide biosynthesis. This metabolic process, referred to as serine-glycine-one-carbon (SGOC) metabolism, is essential for tumorigenesis and exhibits considerable complexity and clinical significance. Enzymes involved in the SGOC pathway are linked to tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapies. The SGOC pathway is a vital metabolic network that facilitates cell survival and proliferation, especially in aggressive cancers. Understanding how this network is regulated is crucial for tackling tumor heterogeneity and recurrence. This review emphasizes recent advancements in understanding the roles and effects of the SGOC metabolic pathway in the context of cancer progression. Additionally, it outlines the complex influences of the SGOC metabolic pathway on the tumor microenvironment (TME), offering potential strategies to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Huang
- Oncology Hematology Department, Fengdu General Hospital, Fengdu County, Chongqing, 408200, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Oncology Hematology Department, Fengdu General Hospital, Fengdu County, Chongqing, 408200, China
| | - HaiYu Huang
- Oncology Hematology Department, Fengdu General Hospital, Fengdu County, Chongqing, 408200, China.
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Wang C, Li Z, Huang X, Xu X, Xu X, Zhang K, Zhou Y, Bai J, Liu Z, Jiang Y, Tang Y, Deng X, Li S, Hu E, Peng W, Xiong L, Xiao Q, Yang Y, Qin Q, Liu S. Multi-Omic Analysis Reveals the Potential Anti-Disease Mechanism of Disease-Resistant Grass Carp. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3619. [PMID: 40332099 PMCID: PMC12027461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26083619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2025] [Revised: 03/31/2025] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
The gut-liver axis is essential in animal disease and health. However, the role of the gut-liver axis in the anti-disease mechanism of disease-resistant grass carp (DRGC) derived from the backcross of female gynogenetic grass carp (GGC) and male grass carp (GC) remains unclear. This study analyzed the changes in gut histopathology, fecal intestinal microflora and metabolites, and liver transcriptome between GC and DRGC. Histological analysis revealed significant differences in the gut between DRGC and GC. In addition, microbial community analyses indicated that hybridization induced gut microbiome variation by significantly increasing the proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota in DRGC. Metabolomic data revealed that the hybridization-induced metabolic change was probably characterized by being related to taurocholate and sphinganine in DRGC. Transcriptome analysis suggested that the enhanced disease resistance of DRGC was primarily attributed to immune-related genes (SHMT2, GOT1, ACACA, DLAT, GPIA, TALDO1, G6PD, and FASN). Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a significant association between the gut microbiota, immune-related genes, and metabolites. Collectively, the gut-liver axis, through the interconnected microbiome-metabolite-gene pathway, may play a crucial role in the mechanism of greater disease resistance in DRGC, offering valuable insights for advancing the grass carp cultivation industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongqing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 511457, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Xu Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Xidan Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Kun Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Yue Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Jinhai Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhengkun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Yan Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Xinyi Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Siyang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Enkui Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Wanjing Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Ling Xiong
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Qian Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Yuhan Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Qinbo Qin
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 511457, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education, Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (C.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.B.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (E.H.); (W.P.); (L.X.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (S.L.)
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Qiu Y, Xie E, Xu H, Cheng H, Li G. One-carbon metabolism shapes T cell immunity in cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:967-980. [PMID: 38925992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism (1CM), comprising folate metabolism and methionine metabolism, serves as an important mechanism for cellular energy provision and the production of vital signaling molecules, including single-carbon moieties. Its regulation is instrumental in sustaining the proliferation of cancer cells and facilitating metastasis; in addition, recent research has shed light on its impact on the efficacy of T cell-mediated immunotherapy. In this review, we consolidate current insights into how 1CM affects T cell activation, differentiation, and functionality. Furthermore, we delve into the strategies for modulating 1CM in both T cells and tumor cells to enhance the efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells, overcome metabolic challenges in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and maximize the benefits of T cell-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ermei Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haipeng Xu
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian, 350011, China
| | - Hongcheng Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guideng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhou Q, Sun Q, Shen Q, Li X, Qian J. Development and implementation of a prognostic model for clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on heterogeneous TLR4 expression. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25571. [PMID: 38380017 PMCID: PMC10877190 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype among renal cell carcinomas and has the worst prognosis, originating from renal tubular epithelial cells. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a crucial role in ccRCC proliferation, infiltration, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to construct a prognostic scoring model for ccRCC based on TLR4 expression heterogeneity and to explore its association with immune infiltration, thereby providing insights for the treatment and prognostic evaluation of ccRCC. Methods Using R software, a differential analysis was conducted on normal samples and ccRCC samples, and in conjunction with the KEGG database, a correlation analysis for the clear cell renal cell carcinoma pathway (hsa05211) was carried out. We observed the expression heterogeneity of TLR4 in the TCGA-KIRC cohort and identified its related differential genes (TRGs). Based on the expression levels of TRGs, consensus clustering was employed to identify TLR4-related subtypes, and further clustering heatmaps, principal component, and single-sample gene set enrichment analyses were conducted. Overlapping differential genes (ODEGs) between subtypes were analysed, and combined with survival data, univariate Cox regression, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression were used to establish a prognostic risk model for ccRCC. This model was subsequently evaluated through ROC analysis, risk factor correlation analysis, independent prognostic factor analysis, and intergroup differential analysis. The ssGSEA model was employed to explore immune heterogeneity in ccRCC, and the performance of the model in predicting patient prognosis was evaluated using box plots and the oncoPredict software package. Results In the TCGA-KIRC cohort, TLR4 expression was notably elevated in ccRCC samples compared to normal samples, correlating with improved survival in the high-expression group. The study identified distinct TLR4-related differential genes and categorized ccRCC into three subtypes with varied survival outcomes. A risk prognosis model based on overlapping differential genes was established, showing significant associations with immune cell infiltration and key immune checkpoints (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4). Additionally, drug sensitivity differences were observed between risk groups. Conclusion In the TCGA-KIRC cohort, the expression of TLR4 in ccRCC samples exhibited significant heterogeneity. Through clustering analysis, we identified that the primary immune cells across subtypes are myeloid-derived suppressor cells, central memory CD4 T cells, and regulatory T cells. Furthermore, we successfully constructed a prognostic risk model for ccRCC composed of 17 genes. This model provides valuable references for the prognosis prediction and treatment of ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaoxing Yuecheng People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaoxing Yuecheng People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaoxing Yuecheng People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xinsheng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaoxing Yuecheng People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jijiang Qian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shaoxing Yuecheng People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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Meng Q, Liu Y, Yao L, Ma Z, Guo L, Hu T, Luo Y, Chen J, Dang E, Li Z. Serine deficiency exacerbates psoriatic skin inflammation by regulating S-adenosyl methionine-dependent DNA methylation and NF-κB signalling activation in keratinocytes. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:145-156. [PMID: 37669859 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine metabolism is crucial for tumour oncogenesis and immune responses. S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), a methyl donor, is typically derived from serine-driven one-carbon metabolism. However, the involvement of serine metabolism in psoriatic skin inflammation remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between serine metabolism and psoriatic skin inflammation. METHODS Clinical samples were collected from patients with psoriasis and the expression of serine biosynthesis enzymes was evaluated. The HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line was transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) of key enzyme or treated with inhibitors. RNA sequencing and DNA methylation assays were performed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying serine metabolism-regulated psoriatic keratinocyte inflammation. An imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model was established to determine the effect of the SAM administration on psoriatic skin inflammation. RESULTS The expression of serine synthesis pathway enzymes, including the first rate-limiting enzyme in serine biosynthesis, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), was downregulated in the epidermal lesions of patients with psoriasis compared with that in healthy controls. Suppressing PHGDH in keratinocytes promoted the production of proinflammatory cytokines and enrichment of psoriatic-related signalling pathways, including the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signalling pathway, interleukin (IL)-17 signalling pathway and NF-κB signalling pathway. In particular, PHGDH inhibition markedly promoted the secretion of IL-6 in keratinocytes with or without IL-17A, IL-22, IL-1α, oncostatin M and TNF-α (mix) stimulation. Mechanistically, PHGDH inhibition upregulated the expression of IL-6 by inhibiting SAM-dependent DNA methylation at the promoter and increasing the binding of myocyte enhancer factor 2A. Furthermore, PHGDH inhibition increased the secretion of IL-6 by increasing the activation of NF-κB via SAM inhibition. SAM treatment effectively alleviated IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the crucial role of PHGDH in antagonising psoriatic skin inflammation and indicated that targeting serine metabolism may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treating psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Meng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Leiqing Yao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhimiao Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixin Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengxiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Ren X, Wang X, Zheng G, Wang S, Wang Q, Yuan M, Xu T, Xu J, Huang P, Ge M. Targeting one-carbon metabolism for cancer immunotherapy. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1521. [PMID: 38279895 PMCID: PMC10819114 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-carbon (1C) metabolism is a metabolic network that plays essential roles in biological reactions. In 1C metabolism, a series of nutrients are used to fuel metabolic pathways, including nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, cellular redox defence and epigenetic maintenance. At present, 1C metabolism is considered the hallmark of cancer. The 1C units obtained from the metabolic pathways increase the proliferation rate of cancer cells. In addition, anticancer drugs, such as methotrexate, which target 1C metabolism, have long been used in the clinic. In terms of immunotherapy, 1C metabolism has been used to explore biomarkers connected with immunotherapy response and immune-related adverse events in patients. METHODS We collected numerous literatures to explain the roles of one-carbon metabolism in cancer immunotherapy. RESULTS In this review, we focus on the important pathways in 1C metabolism and the function of 1C metabolism enzymes in cancer immunotherapy. Then, we summarise the inhibitors acting on 1C metabolism and their potential application on cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we provide a viewpoint and conclusion regarding the opportunities and challenges of targeting 1C metabolism for cancer immunotherapy in clinical practicability in the future. CONCLUSION Targeting one-carbon metabolism is useful for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ren
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Department of PathologyCancer CenterZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of PharmacyAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Guowan Zheng
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of PharmacyCenter for Clinical PharmacyCancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qiyue Wang
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Mengnan Yuan
- Department of PharmacyCenter for Clinical PharmacyCancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of PharmacyCenter for Clinical PharmacyCancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiajie Xu
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of PharmacyCenter for Clinical PharmacyCancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Minghua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryOtolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital)Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Malignant TumorHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Ma W, Liu R, Zhao K, Zhong J. Vital role of SHMT2 in diverse disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:160-165. [PMID: 37302290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism is essential for our human cells to carry out nucleotide synthesis, methylation, and reductive metabolism through one-carbon units, and these pathways ensure the high proliferation rate of cancer cells. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) is a key enzyme in one-carbon metabolism. This enzyme can convert serine into a one-carbon unit bound to tetrahydrofolate and glycine, ultimately supporting the synthesis of thymidine and purines and promoting the growth of cancer cells. Due to SHMT2's crucial role in the one-carbon cycle, it is ubiquitous in human cells and even in all organisms and highly conserved. Here, we summarize the impact of SHMT2 on the progression of various cancers to highlight its potential use in the development of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Ma
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Ronghan Liu
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Jiangbo Zhong
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China.
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Zhang W, Liu X, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang Y. Immunogenic Cell Death Associated Molecular Patterns and the Dual Role of IL17RA in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030421. [PMID: 36979355 PMCID: PMC10046465 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The unclear etiology and pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) are responsible for the lack of effective treatment and the poor patient prognosis. Various studies show that chronic inflammation and immune responses are important factors contributing to the pathogenesis of IC/BPS. The process of immunogenic cell death (ICD) involves both the immune response and inflammatory process, and the involvement of ICD in IC/BPS pathogenesis has not been explored. Two IC/BPS transcriptome datasets collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to identify distinct ICD-associated molecular patterns (IAMPs). IAMPs and IC/BPS subtypes were found to be related. The inflammatory immune microenvironments (IIME) in different IAMPs were studied. The potential mechanism by which the interleukin 17 receptor A (IL17RA) influences IC/BPS was examined using in vitro assays. The expression of ICD-related genes (IRGs) was upregulated in IC/BPS bladders, compared with normal bladders. Disease prediction models, based on differentially expressed IRGs, could accurately predict IC/BPS. The IC/BPS patients had two distinct IAMPs, each with its own subtype and clinical features and association with remodeling IIME. IL17RA, a well-established IC/BPS bladder biomarker, mediates both the inflammatory insult and the protective responses. In summary, the current study identified different IAMPs in IC/BPS, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of IC/BPS by remodeling the IIME. The chronic inflammatory process in IC/BPS may be prolonged by IL17RA, which could mediate both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. The IL17RA-associated pathway may play a significant role in the development of IC/BPS and can be used as a therapeutic target.
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Multi-Omics Approach Reveals Redox Homeostasis Reprogramming in Early-Stage Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010081. [PMID: 36670943 PMCID: PMC9854847 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignant tumor originating from proximal tubular epithelial cells, and despite extensive research efforts, its redox homeostasis characteristics and protein S-nitrosylation (or S-nitrosation) (SNO) modification remain largely undefined. This serves as a reminder that the aforementioned features demand a comprehensive inspection. We collected tumor samples and paracancerous normal samples from five patients with early-stage ccRCC (T1N0M0) for proteomic, SNO-proteome, and redox-targeted metabolic analyses. The localization and functional properties of SNO proteins in ccRCC tumors and paracancerous normal tissues were elucidated for the first time. Several highly useful ccRCC-associated SNO proteins were further identified. Metabolic reprogramming, redox homeostasis reprogramming, and tumorigenic alterations are the three major characteristics of early-stage ccRCC. Peroxidative damage caused by rapid proliferation coupled with an increased redox buffering capacity and the antioxidant pool is a major mode of redox homeostasis reprogramming. NADPH and NADP+, which were identified from redox species, are both effective biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets. According to our findings, SNO protein signatures and redox homeostasis reprogramming are valuable for understanding the pathogenesis of ccRCC and identifying novel topics that should be seriously considered for the diagnosis and precise therapy of ccRCC.
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