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Pettas T, Lachanoudi S, Karageorgos FF, Ziogas IA, Fylaktou A, Papalois V, Katsanos G, Antoniadis N, Tsoulfas G. Immunotherapy and liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Current and future challenges. World J Transplant 2025; 15:98509. [DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v15.i2.98509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2025] Open
Abstract
Despite existing curative options like surgical removal, tissue destruction techniques, and liver transplantation for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the rising incidence and mortality rates of this global health burden necessitate continuous exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. This review critically assesses the dynamic treatment panorama for HCC, focusing specifically on the burgeoning role of immunotherapy in two key contexts: early-stage HCC and downstaging advanced HCC to facilitate liver transplant candidacy. It delves into the unique immunobiology of the liver and HCC, highlighting tumor-mediated immune evasion mechanisms. Analyzing the diverse immunotherapeutic approaches including checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine modulators, vaccines, oncolytic viruses, antigen-targeting antibodies, and adoptive cell therapy, this review acknowledges the limitations of current diagnostic markers alpha-fetoprotein and glypican-3 and emphasizes the need for novel biomarkers for patient selection and treatment monitoring. Exploring the rationale for neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapy in early-stage HCC, current research is actively exploring the safety and effectiveness of diverse immunotherapeutic approaches through ongoing clinical trials. The review further explores the potential benefits and challenges of combining immunotherapy and liver transplant, highlighting the need for careful patient selection, meticulous monitoring, and novel strategies to mitigate post-transplant complications. Finally, this review delves into the latest findings from the clinical research landscape and future directions in HCC management, paving the way for optimizing treatment strategies and improving long-term survival rates for patients with this challenging malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Pettas
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ Transplantation, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Sofia Lachanoudi
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ Transplantation, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Filippos F Karageorgos
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ Transplantation, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Ziogas
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Asimina Fylaktou
- Department of Immunology, National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Vassilios Papalois
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Katsanos
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ Transplantation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Antoniadis
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ Transplantation, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsoulfas
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ Transplantation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
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Li Y, Dai Z, Cheng Z, He J, Yin Y, Liu X, Zhang J, Hu G, Chen Y, Wang X, Shao Y. LINC00870 promotes imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumor via inhibiting PIGR glycosylation modifications. Heliyon 2025; 11:e41934. [PMID: 39968132 PMCID: PMC11834037 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 01/12/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Imatinib is the first-line targeted therapy for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), but resistance frequently occurs during treatment, limiting its efficacy and clinical application. We performed high-throughput sequencing of tissue specimens from imatinib-resistant GIST patients, and identified significantly high expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) in imatinib-resistant cell lines. Further investigation revealed that PIGR binds specifically to LINC00870. The findings from in vitro cell functional experiments provide evidence of a strong association between LINC00870 and PIGR and the processes of proliferation and metastasis in GIST. Overexpression of LINC00870 in GIST significantly inhibits the glycosylation modification and secretion of the extracellular region of PIGR, leading to immune dysregulation. The inhibition of PIGR or LINC00870 effectively surmounts imatinib resistance. Our study identified PIGR as a critical molecule in regulating GIST imatinib resistance and elucidated the mechanism by which PIGR promotes imatinib resistance through LINC00870 inhibition of PIGR glycosylation modifications. These findings provide a new theoretical basis for blocking drug resistance and improving prognosis in GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Central Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Zhiqiang Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zewei Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Junyi He
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yirui Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Xinyou Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guohua Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Yueda Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Clinical Research Center for Precision medicine of abdominal tumor of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Yebo Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, 361015, China
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Tao R, Li Y, Gong S, Zhang Q, Zhu Z. Unveiling intricating roles and mechanisms of ferroptosis in melanoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2025; 1880:189234. [PMID: 39644939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly invasive malignant tumor originating from melanocytes, with increasing incidence in recent years. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent and non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species. Morphologically, ferroptosis exhibits the alteration in cells, such as reduced mitochondrial volume, increased density of bilayer membrane, and a decrease or disappearance of mitochondrial cristae. Ferroptosis has shown tremendous potential and applicability in regulating the development of melanoma. As melanoma progresses, certain biomarkers associated with ferroptosis display characteristic patterns of expression. These changes not only reveal the sensitivity of tumor cells to ferroptosis but also provide potential targets for diagnosis and treatment. Besides, inducing ferroptosis has been well-documented to inhibit the growth of melanoma and enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Hence, this review emphasizes the roles and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in melanoma development, the involved immune regulation, as well as the potential for diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. The continuous explorations will endow novel strategies for developing ferroptosis-based therapies for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yichuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Song Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China; Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning 437000, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Zhanyong Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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Ascari S, Chen R, Vivaldi C, Stefanini B, De Sinno A, Dalbeni A, Federico P, Tovoli F. Advancements in immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2025; 25:151-165. [PMID: 39913170 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2025.2461631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2025] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The advent of immune-based combinations, primarily leveraging immune checkpoint inhibitors, has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The current scenario features multiple therapies that have shown superiority over tyrosine kinase inhibitors; however, the absence of direct comparisons and validated prognostic biomarkers complicates therapeutic decision-making. Additionally, a significant proportion of patients still exhibit primary or secondary resistance to existing immunotherapies, underscoring the ongoing need for novel therapeutic strategies. AREAS COVERED This narrative review discusses current strategies aimed at improving the efficacy of immunotherapy for HCC, focusing on the following aspects: available therapeutic options, identification of prognostic biomarkers, approaches to overcoming resistance (including the development of neoantigen vaccines), and the exploration of adjuvant and neoadjuvant strategies. EXPERT OPINION The future of systemic therapies for HCC is likely to be driven by advancements in immunotherapy. Key areas of exploration for the coming years include the discovery of novel checkpoint inhibitors or complementary agents to enhance tumor response when combined with existing treatments, a shift toward neoadjuvant/perioperative trials instead of traditional adjuvant approaches, and the development of personalized neoantigen vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ascari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rusi Chen
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bernardo Stefanini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea De Sinno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Dalbeni
- Liver Unit, Medicine Department, University of Verona and University and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Unit of General Medicine C, Medicine Department, University of Verona and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Tovoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Yue Q, Li X, Wan X, Lin X, Li Y, Zhang M, Xu S. Assessing the Causal Effect of Circulating Protein-To-Protein Ratio on the Risk of Morbidity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Med 2025; 14:e70570. [PMID: 39778021 PMCID: PMC11705445 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several observational studies have identified an association between plasma proteins and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to explore the potential causal relationship between the circulating protein-to-protein ratio and the morbidity risk of HCC. METHODS Genetic association data for circulating plasma proteins and 2821 protein-to-protein ratios were sourced from the UKB PPP and Suhre's study. Genetic association data for HCC were sourced from the FinnGen cohort (finngen-R11-HCC) and the IEU OpenGWAS project (ieu-b-4953). Subsequently, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and drug-targeted MR approach were used to evaluate causality associations. To bolster the robustness of our findings, we conducted a series of sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Eight protein-protein pairs were identified as causal factors for HCC in the two independent cohorts. For each standard deviation increase in protein-protein pair expression, susceptibility to HCC fluctuated from 0.4974 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2506-0.9871) for the LAT2/SPRY2 protein pair to 1.9763 (95% CI: 1.3009-3.0026) for the ERBIN/LAT2 protein pair. However, among the significant protein pairs, only one circulating protein, TDRKH (odds ratio: 0.5964, 95% CI: 0.4196-0.8476), was causally associated with HCC. CONCLUSION Using multiple datasets and methods, eight protein-protein pairs were identified as having causal associations with HCC. Protein-protein interactions can provide meaningful findings beyond simple pQTL analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Yue
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian Cancer HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education InstitutionsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Xiaoye Wan
- Department of Blood TransfusionFuZhou Second General HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian Cancer HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Yueming Li
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education InstitutionsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian Cancer HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
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Wu R, Zeng M, Zhang Y, He J. LAG3 immune inhibitors: a novel strategy for melanoma treatment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1514578. [PMID: 39743998 PMCID: PMC11688305 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1514578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, poses significant challenges in treatment, particularly for advanced or metastatic cases. While immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1, has transformed melanoma management, many patients experience limited responses or develop resistance, highlighting the need for new therapeutic strategies. Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) has emerged as a promising target in cancer immunotherapy. LAG-3 inhibitors have shown potential in restoring T cell functions and enhancing anti-tumor immunity, particularly when used in combination with existing ICIs. This review discusses the latest advancements in LAG-3 inhibition for advanced melanoma, emphasizing its role in overcoming resistance and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingtang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping He
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang D, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Liu D. Revisiting immune checkpoint inhibitors: new strategies to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1490129. [PMID: 39720720 PMCID: PMC11666542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1490129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dianying Zhang
- Medical Education Department, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital (Jinwan Central Hospital of Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Sleep Medicine Center, Huai’an No.3 People’s Hospital, Huai’an, China
- Huaian Second Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Medical Education Department, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital (Jinwan Central Hospital of Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
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Tsui YM, Tian L, Lu J, Ma H, Ng IOL. Interplay among extracellular vesicles, cancer stemness and immune regulation in driving hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217084. [PMID: 38925362 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The intricate interplay among extracellular vesicles, cancer stemness properties, and the immune system significantly impacts hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, treatment response, and patient prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are membrane-bound structures, play a pivotal role in conveying proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells, thereby serving as essential mediators of intercellular communication. Since a lot of current research focuses on small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), with diameters ranging from 30 nm to 200 nm, this review emphasizes the role of sEVs in the context of interactions between HCC stemness-bearing cells and the immune cells. sEVs offer promising opportunities for the clinical application of innovative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in HCC. By specifically targeting sEVs, novel therapeutics aimed at cancer stemness can be developed. Ongoing investigations into the roles of sEVs in cancer stemness and immune regulation in HCC will broaden our understanding and ultimately pave the way for groundbreaking therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Man Tsui
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jingyi Lu
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Chen D, He Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Pei Y, Lei Y, Hu J, Xiang S, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Guo Z. An immune sandwich electrochemical biosensor based on triple-modified zirconium derivatives for detection of CD146 in serum. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 239:113902. [PMID: 38599037 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
CD146, also known as melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), is overexpressed in various cancer patients, making it a valuable predictor for early diagnosis. In this work, an immune sandwich electrochemical biosensor is proposed for sensitive and non-invasive quantitative detection of CD146 in serum. Zirconium-based MOF (UIO-66) was modified by simultaneous copper atom doping, in situ growth carbon-based support and physical embedding of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs). Triple-modified Cu-UIO-66@SWCNT/PtNPs nanocomposites with high stability and excellent electrochemical properties, serve as surface modification materials for glassy carbon electrodes. Anti-CD146 antibody (Ab1) was grafted onto the electrode surface via Pt-S bond. Meanwhile, the secondary antibody (Ab2) was conjugated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to cooperate for CD146 capture and achieve secondary electrical signal amplification. Under optimal conditions, square wave voltammetry was employed to determine CD146 in the concentration range of 10-9-10-4 mg/mL and a limit of detection of 12 fg/mL was obtained. Finally, it was successfully applied to the analysis of CD146 in lung and liver cancer patients' serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yutao He
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Ya Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yifei Pei
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yumeng Lei
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, China Resources & Wisco General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, PR China
| | - Junrui Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Xiang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault
- University of Lyon, Institute of Analytical Sciences, UMR-CNRS 5280, 5, La Doua Street, Villeurbanne 69100, France.
| | - Zhenzhong Guo
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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Sun X, Li W, Zhao L, Fan K, Qin F, Shi L, Gao F, Zheng C. Current landscape of exosomes in tuberculosis development, diagnosis, and treatment applications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1401867. [PMID: 38846947 PMCID: PMC11153741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1401867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains one of the most prevalent and deadly infectious diseases worldwide. Currently, there are complex interactions between host cells and pathogens in TB. The onset, progression, and regression of TB are correlated not only with the virulence of MTB but also with the immunity of TB patients. Exosomes are cell-secreted membrane-bound nanovesicles with lipid bilayers that contain a variety of biomolecules, such as metabolites, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Exosome-mediated cell-cell communication and interactions with the microenvironment represent crucial mechanisms through which exosomes exert their functional effects. Exosomes harbor a wide range of regulatory roles in physiological and pathological conditions, including MTB infection. Exosomes can regulate the immune response, metabolism, and cellular death to remodel the progression of MTB infection. During MTB infection, exosomes display distinctive profiles and quantities that may act as diagnostic biomarkers, suggesting that exosomes provide a revealing glimpse into the evolving landscape of MTB infections. Furthermore, exosomes derived from MTB and mesenchymal stem cells can be harnessed as vaccine platforms and drug delivery vehicles for the precise targeting and treatment of TB. In this review, we highlight the functions and mechanisms through which exosomes influence the progression of TB. Additionally, we unravel the critical significance of exosomal constituents in the diagnosis and therapeutic applications of TB, aiming to offer novel perspectives and strategies for combating TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Sun
- Department of Tuberculosis III, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Tuberculosis III, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Tuberculosis III, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Fan
- Department of Tuberculosis III, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fenfen Qin
- Department of Tuberculosis III, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liwen Shi
- Department of Tuberculosis III, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunlan Zheng
- Department of Tuberculosis III, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Tu L, Li C, Ding Q, Sharma A, Li M, Li J, Kim JS, Sun Y. Augmenting Cancer Therapy with a Supramolecular Immunogenic Cell Death Inducer: A Lysosome-Targeted NIR-Light-Activated Ruthenium(II) Metallacycle. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8991-9003. [PMID: 38513217 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Though immunogenic cell death (ICD) has garnered significant attention in the realm of anticancer therapies, effectively stimulating strong immune responses with minimal side effects in deep-seated tumors remains challenging. Herein, we introduce a novel self-assembled near-infrared-light-activated ruthenium(II) metallacycle, Ru1105 (λem = 1105 nm), as a first example of a Ru(II) supramolecular ICD inducer. Ru1105 synergistically potentiates immunomodulatory responses and reduces adverse effects in deep-seated tumors through multiple regulated approaches, including NIR-light excitation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, selective targeting of tumor cells, precision organelle localization, and improved tumor penetration/retention capabilities. Specifically, Ru1105 demonstrates excellent depth-activated ROS production (∼1 cm), strong resistance to diffusion, and anti-ROS quenching. Moreover, Ru1105 exhibits promising results in cellular uptake and ROS generation in cancer cells and multicellular tumor spheroids. Importantly, Ru1105 induces more efficient ICD in an ultralow dose (10 μM) compared to the conventional anticancer agent, oxaliplatin (300 μM). In vivo experiments further confirm Ru1105's potency as an ICD inducer, eliciting CD8+ T cell responses and depleting Foxp3+ T cells with minimal adverse effects. Our research lays the foundation for the design of secure and exceptionally potent metal-based ICD agents in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chonglu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qihang Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Amit Sharma
- Amity School of Chemical Sciences, Amity University Punjab, Sector 82A, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Meiqin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Junrong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Yao L, Wang Q, Ma W. Navigating the Immune Maze: Pioneering Strategies for Unshackling Cancer Immunotherapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5857. [PMID: 38136402 PMCID: PMC10742031 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has ushered in a transformative era in oncology, offering unprecedented promise and opportunities. Despite its remarkable breakthroughs, the field continues to grapple with the persistent challenge of treatment resistance. This resistance not only undermines the widespread efficacy of these pioneering treatments, but also underscores the pressing need for further research. Our exploration into the intricate realm of cancer immunotherapy resistance reveals various mechanisms at play, from primary and secondary resistance to the significant impact of genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as the crucial role of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, we stress the importance of devising innovative strategies to counteract this resistance, such as employing combination therapies, tailoring immune checkpoints, and implementing real-time monitoring. By championing these state-of-the-art methods, we anticipate a paradigm that blends personalized healthcare with improved treatment options and is firmly committed to patient welfare. Through a comprehensive and multifaceted approach, we strive to tackle the challenges of resistance, aspiring to elevate cancer immunotherapy as a beacon of hope for patients around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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13
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Bicer F, Kure C, Ozluk AA, El-Rayes BF, Akce M. Advances in Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Curr Oncol 2023; 30:9789-9812. [PMID: 37999131 PMCID: PMC10670350 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30110711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. More than half of patients with HCC present with advanced stage, and highly active systemic therapies are crucial for improving outcomes. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapies have emerged as novel therapy options for advanced HCC. Only one third of patients achieve an objective response with ICI-based therapies due to primary resistance or acquired resistance. The liver tumor microenvironment is naturally immunosuppressive, and specific mutations in cell signaling pathways allow the tumor to evade the immune response. Next, gene sequencing of the tumor tissue or circulating tumor DNA may delineate resistance mechanisms to ICI-based therapy and provide a rationale for novel combination therapies. In this review, we discuss the results of key clinical trials that have led to approval of ICI-based therapy options in advanced HCC and summarize the ongoing clinical trials. We review resistance mechanisms to ICIs and discuss how immunotherapies may be optimized based on the emerging research of tumor biomarkers and genomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Bicer
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Catrina Kure
- Department of Medicine, Northside Hospital-Gwinnett, Lawrenceville, GA 30046, USA;
| | - Anil A. Ozluk
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.A.O.); (B.F.E.-R.)
| | - Bassel F. El-Rayes
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.A.O.); (B.F.E.-R.)
| | - Mehmet Akce
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.A.O.); (B.F.E.-R.)
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14
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Han X, Sun Q, Xu M, Zhu G, Gao R, Ni B, Li J. Unraveling the Complexities of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:383-401. [PMID: 37931901 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as effective therapeutics for multiple cancers. Nevertheless, as immunotherapeutic approaches are being extensively utilized, substantial hurdles have arisen for clinicians. These include countering ICIs resistance and ensuring precise efficacy assessments of these drugs, especially in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review attempts to offer a holistic overview of the latest insights into the ICIs resistance mechanisms in HCC, the molecular underpinnings, and immune response. The intent is to inspire the development of efficacious combination strategies. This review also examines the unconventional response patterns, namely pseudoprogression (PsP) and hyperprogression (HPD). The prompt and rigorous evaluation of these treatment efficacies has emerged as a crucial imperative. Multiple clinical, radiological, and biomarker tests have been advanced to meticulously assess tumor response. Despite progress, precise mechanisms of action and predictive biomarkers remain elusive. This necessitates further investigation through prospective cohort studies in the impending future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpu Han
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianhui Sun
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Xu
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruike Gao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyi Ni
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Carloni R, Sabbioni S, Rizzo A, Ricci AD, Palloni A, Petrarota C, Cusmai A, Tavolari S, Gadaleta-Caldarola G, Brandi G. Immune-Based Combination Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1445-1463. [PMID: 37701562 PMCID: PMC10493094 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s390963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. HCC frequently presents as advanced disease at diagnosis, and disease relapse following radical surgery is frequent. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced HCC, particularly with the introduction of atezolizumab/bevacizumab as the new standard of care for first-line treatment. Recently, dual immune checkpoint blockade with durvalumab plus tremelimumab has also emerged as an effective first-line treatment for advanced HCC and most of the research is currently focused on developing combination treatments based mainly on ICIs. In this review, we will discuss the rationale and ongoing clinical trials of immune-based combination therapies for the treatment of advanced HCC, also focusing on new immunotherapy strategies such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) and anti-cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Carloni
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Sabbioni
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico “Don Tonino Bello”, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Palloni
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cataldo Petrarota
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico “Don Tonino Bello”, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Cusmai
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico “Don Tonino Bello”, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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