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Ji HF, Li M, Han X, Fan YT, Yang JJ, Long Y, Yu J, Ji HY. Lactobacilli-Mediated Regulation of the Microbial-Immune Axis: A Review of Key Mechanisms, Influencing Factors, and Application Prospects. Foods 2025; 14:1763. [PMID: 40428542 PMCID: PMC12111133 DOI: 10.3390/foods14101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2025] [Revised: 05/07/2025] [Accepted: 05/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli, as the main member of food microorganisms, is an important component of the intestinal microbial community and plays crucial roles in regulating the immune capacity of the body. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the key components of Lactobacilli-mediated immune regulation effects, including the immunogenic components (peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid) and metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, and exopolysaccharides), which can interact with host immune cell receptors to initiate complex immune signaling pathways. In addition, the immunomodulatory activity can be influenced by multiple factors including species differences, host-related factors (age, physiological conditions, and gut microbiota), and environmental factors (nutrient substrates, temperatures, etc.), and the application strategies including precision probiotic development, gene-editing driven engineering, and nanocarrier systems have also been proposed to enhance the immunomodulatory potential. Finally, this review provides the theoretical basis for microbial intervention in immune-related diseases and offers prospects for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hai-Yu Ji
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (H.-F.J.); (M.L.); (X.H.); (Y.-T.F.); (J.-J.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.)
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Mo P, Gao B, Wang R, Huang S, Chen Q, Li M, Wu J, Zhang S, Chen J. Knowledge Mapping and Global Research Trends of Ginseng Polysaccharides: a Bibliometric Analysis with Visualizations from 1985 to 2023. Drug Des Devel Ther 2025; 19:2749-2766. [PMID: 40226129 PMCID: PMC11994077 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s508387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Ginseng) has a lengthy historical background of utilization and is frequently utilized for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. In recent times, researchers have shown an increasing inclination towards investigating the extraction, purification, structural analysis, and pharmacological properties of polysaccharides present in ginseng. However, there was still a lack of comprehensive and integrated analysis of ginseng polysaccharides. Methods This study employed the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) as the data source and utilized software tools including Bibliometrix R Package, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace for the purpose of conducting data visualization and analysis of ginseng polysaccharides publications. Results China emerged as the foremost and most impactful nation in the realm of ginseng polysaccharide research, fostering robust collaborative ties with Republic of Korea and the USA. Yifa Zhou was the most influential author and the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules exerted as the significant influence in this field. The reference DUBOIS M, 1956, ANAL CHEM, V28, P350 received the highest citations. Through a comprehensive examination results of keywords clustering, keywords with the strong burst, and trend topic, the research hot directions of ginseng polysaccharides were focused on structural analysis and pharmacological activities. Specifically, gut microbiota and oxidative stress were active research hotspots of investigating the pharmacological activities of ginseng polysaccharides at present, it also was corroborated in disciplinary category analysis. Conclusion This study revealed the multidimensional field of research on ginseng polysaccharides. Current hot research directions encompassed structural analysis and pharmacological activities in this field, with research hotspots focused on exploring the pharmacological activities of ginseng polysaccharides in gut microbiota and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingli Mo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bowen Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiying Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiugu Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muxia Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiazhen Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Bao’an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Tu L, Xing B, Ma S, Zou Z, Wang S, Feng J, Cheng M, Jin Y. A review on polysaccharide-based tumor targeted drug nanodelivery systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 304:140820. [PMID: 39933669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2025] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025]
Abstract
The tumor-targeted drug delivery system (TTDNS) uses nanocarriers to transport chemotherapeutic agents to target tumor cells or tissues precisely. This innovative approach considerably increases the effective concentration of these drugs at the tumor site, thereby enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. Many chemotherapeutic agents face challenges, such as low bioavailability, high cytotoxicity, and inadequate drug resistance. To address these obstacles, TTDNS comprising natural polysaccharides have gained increasing popularity in the field of nanotechnology owing to their ability to improve safety, bioavailability, and biocompatibility while reducing toxicity. In addition, it enhances permeability and allows for controlled drug delivery and release. This review focuses on the sources of natural polysaccharides and their direct and indirect mechanisms of anti-tumor activity. We also explored the preparation of various polysaccharide-based nanocarriers, including nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanohydrogels, nanoliposomes, nanocapsules, nanomicelles, nanocrystals, and nanofibers. Furthermore, this review delves into the versatile applications of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers, elucidating their capabilities for in vivo targeting, controlled release, and responsiveness to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, such as pH, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, light, ultrasound, and magnetic fields. This sophisticated design substantially enhances the chemotherapeutic efficacy of the encapsulated drugs at tumor sites and provides a basis for preclinical and clinical research. However, the in vivo stability, drug loading, and permeability of these preparations into tumor tissues still need to be improved. Most of the currently developed biomarker-sensitive polysaccharide nanocarriers are still in the laboratory stage, more innovative delivery mechanisms and clinical studies are needed to develop commercial nanocarriers for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxing Tu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Banghuai Xing
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shufei Ma
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Zijian Zou
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Siying Wang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China.
| | - Meng Cheng
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| | - Yi Jin
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Wang A, Chen Y, Fang B, Zhang J, Bai W, Yang T, Zhang Q, Liu P, Duan Z, Lu T, He Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Dong W. Cytochalasin B Mitigates the Inflammatory Response in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis by Suppressing Both the ARPC3/ARPC4-Dependent Cytoskeletal Changes and the Association Between HSP70 and the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3029. [PMID: 40243637 PMCID: PMC11988952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26073029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2025] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Cow mastitis is a major challenge in dairy farming, significantly affecting both milk quality and cow health. Cytochalasin B (CB) is a fungal toxin and an actin cytoskeleton depolymerizing agent that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties; however, its mechanism in cow mastitis remains unclear. In this study, we systematically evaluated the effects of CB on mastitis using an LPS-induced inflammation model in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) and a mouse mastitis model. The techniques employed included Real-time quantitative PCR detecting system (qPCR), Western blot, HE staining, immunofluorescence (IF), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results demonstrated that CB significantly alleviated LPS-induced mastitis by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, and the NLRP3 inflammasome while also reducing cell apoptosis. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that CB mitigates the inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of ARPC3, ARPC4, and HSP70, thereby disrupting cytoskeletal rearrangement and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Overall, this study reveals the potential therapeutic role of CB in cow mastitis and provides a theoretical foundation for developing novel intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Jiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Wenkai Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Tingji Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Peiwen Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Zhiwei Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Ting Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yuxuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Weitao Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (A.W.); (Y.C.); (B.F.); (J.Z.); (W.B.); (T.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.D.); (T.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
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Liu X, Zang Z, Ji R, Wang Z. Extraction, purification, structural characterization, and biological activity of polysaccharides from Aralia: A review. Fitoterapia 2025; 181:106379. [PMID: 39778720 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 12/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2025] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Aralia Linn. Plants (ALPs) is a member of the Araliaceae family, a genus of more than thirty species, some plants of Aralia Linn are commonly used as herbal medicines. ALPs is commonly utilized for relieving the symptoms of neurasthenia, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. The principal extraction approaches of polysaccharides of ALPs (AEP) encompass water extraction, ultrasonic-assisted, compound enzyme and microwave-assisted. Various extraction approaches and extraction conditions will affect the extraction rate and purity of the AEP. AEP is mainly composed of arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha), xylose (Xyl) and so on with different proportions of monosaccharides. AEP is one of the principal active components of ALPs, which has a variety of biological activities. Studies have shown that activities of AEP are anti-tumor, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-radiation, and hypoglycemic. One of the anti-tumor mechanisms of AEP is mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, and its regulatory process is described in detail. This review mainly summarizes the researches on extraction, separation, structural characterization and pharmacological activities of some AEP both the latest local and international in recent years. It lays a foundation for clinical safety application and the broadening of the application scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikun Zang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China..
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Randeni N, Xu B. New insights into signaling pathways of cancer prevention effects of polysaccharides from edible and medicinal mushrooms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155875. [PMID: 39029136 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive efforts, empirical techniques have yielded limited progress in finding effective anticancer medications, with chemotherapy drugs often associated with drug resistance and serious side effects. Thus, there is a pressing need for novel agents with minimal adverse effects. Natural substances, widely used in treating various illnesses, including cancer, offer promising alternatives. Among these, mushrooms, rich in low molecular weight secondary metabolites, polysaccharides, and polysaccharide-protein complexes, have gained attention for their potential anticancer properties. RESULTS Mushroom polysaccharides have been found to impede oncogenesis and tumor metastasis by directly inhibiting tumor cell growth and indirectly enhancing immune system functions. These polysaccharides engage with numerous cell signaling pathways that influence cancer development and progression. They affect pathways that control cell survival, growth, and differentiation, and they also play a role in adjusting the tumor immune microenvironment. CONCLUSION This review highlights the potential of mushroom polysaccharides as promising anticancer agents due to their ability to modulate cell signaling pathways crucial for cancer development. Understanding the mechanisms underlying their effects on these pathways is essential for harnessing their therapeutic potential and developing novel strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidesha Randeni
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China; Department of Agricultural and Plantation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
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