1
|
Aguirre AO, Lim J, Kuo CC, Ruggiero N, Siddiqi M, Monteiro A, Baig AA, Housley SB, Recker MJ, Li V, Reynolds RM. Social Determinants of Health and Associations With Outcomes in Pediatric Patients With Brain Tumors. Neurosurgery 2024; 94:108-116. [PMID: 37526439 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Social determinants of health (SDOH) are nonmedical factors that affect health outcomes. Limited investigation has been completed on the potential association of these factors to adverse outcomes in pediatric populations. In this study, the authors aimed to analyze the effects of SDOH disparities and their relationship with outcomes after brain tumor resection or biopsy in children. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of their center's pediatric patients with brain tumor. Black race, public insurance, median household income, and distance to hospital were the investigated SDOH factors. Univariate analysis was completed between number of SDOH factors and patient demographics. Multivariate linear regression models were created to identify coassociated determinants and outcomes. RESULTS A total of 272 patients were identified and included in the final analysis. Among these patients, 81 (29.8%) had no SDOH disparities, 103 (37.9%) had 1, 71 (26.1%) had 2, and 17 (6.2%) had 3. An increased number of SDOH disparities was associated with increased percentage of missed appointments ( P = .002) and emergency room visits ( P = .004). Univariate analysis demonstrated increased missed appointments ( P = .01), number of postoperative imaging ( P = .005), and number of emergency room visits ( P = .003). In multivariate analysis, decreased median household income was independently associated with increased length of hospital stay ( P = .02). CONCLUSION The SDOH disparities are prevalent and impactful in this vulnerable population. This study demonstrates the need for a shift in research focus toward identifying the full extent of the impact of these factors on postoperative outcomes in pediatric patients with brain tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Aguirre
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Jaims Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo , New York , USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Cathleen C Kuo
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Nicco Ruggiero
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Manhal Siddiqi
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Andre Monteiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo , New York , USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Ammad A Baig
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo , New York , USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Steven B Housley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo , New York , USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Matthew J Recker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo , New York , USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Veetai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo , New York , USA
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Renée M Reynolds
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo , New York , USA
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo , New York , USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kajana X, Spinelli S, Garbarino A, Balagura G, Bartolucci M, Petretto A, Pavanello M, Candiano G, Panfoli I, Bruschi M. Identification of Central Nervous System Oncologic Disease Biomarkers in EVs from Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) of Pediatric Patients: A Pilot Neuro-Proteomic Study. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1730. [PMID: 38136601 PMCID: PMC10741637 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a biochemical-clinical window into the brain. Unfortunately, its wide dynamic range, low protein concentration, and small sample quantity significantly limit the possibility of using it routinely. Extraventricular drainage (EVD) of CSF allows us to solve quantitative problems and to study the biological role of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we implemented bioinformatic analysis of our previous data of EVD of CSF and its EVs obtained from congenital hydrocephalus with the aim of identifying a comprehensive list of potential tumor and non-tumor biomarkers of central nervous system diseases. Among all proteins identified, those enriched in EVs are associated with synapses, synaptosomes, and nervous system diseases including gliomas, embryonal tumors, and epilepsy. Among these EV-enriched proteins, given the broad consensus present in the recent scientific literature, we validated syntaxin-binding protein 1 (STXBP1) as a marker of malignancy in EVD of CSF and its EVs from patients with pilocytic astrocytoma and medulloblastoma. Our results show that STXBP1 is negatively enriched in EVs compared to non-tumor diseases and its downregulation correlates with adverse outcomes. Further experiments are needed to validate this and other EV markers in the blood of pediatric patients for translational medicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xhuliana Kajana
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Spinelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy (S.S.)
| | - Andrea Garbarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy (S.S.)
| | - Ganna Balagura
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Proteomics and Clinical Metabolomics Unit at the Core Facilities, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.)
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Proteomics and Clinical Metabolomics Unit at the Core Facilities, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.)
| | - Marco Pavanello
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy (S.S.)
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy (S.S.)
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy (S.S.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hua T, Zeng Z, Chen J, Xue Y, Li Y, Sang Q. Human Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor Antigens as Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153685. [PMID: 35954348 PMCID: PMC9367328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a deadly type of human pediatric brain cancer without effective treatments. ATRT is mainly linked to the inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene, SMARCB1; however, additional biomarkers remain to be identified to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Therefore, different tumor antigens and extracellular matrix modulators were investigated in two human ATRT and one kidney malignant rhabdoid tumor cell lines and compared with the nonmalignant HEK293 cell line. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), mucin-16 (MUC16 or cancer antigen 125/CA125), osteopontin (OPN), and mesothelin (MSLN) are highly expressed in these human malignant rhabdoid cancer cell lines. Inhibiting MMPs using a small-molecule inhibitor decreased cell survival. This biomarker discovery process may lead to the identification of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, such as the development of targeted and immunotherapies against cancer biomarkers, to treat cancer patients. Abstract Introduction: Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a lethal type of malignant rhabdoid tumor in the brain, seen mostly in children under two years old. ATRT is mainly linked to the biallelic inactivation of the SMARCB1 gene. To understand the deadly characteristics of ATRT and develop novel diagnostic and immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of ATRT, this study investigated tumor antigens, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), mucin-16 (MUC16/CA125), and osteopontin (OPN), and extracellular matrix modulators, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in different human malignant rhabdoid tumor cell lines. In addition, the roles of MMPs were also examined. Materials and methods: Five human cell lines were chosen for this study, including two ATRT cell lines, CHLA-02-ATRT and CHLA-05-ATRT; a kidney malignant rhabdoid tumor cell line, G401; and two control cell lines, human embryonic kidney HEK293 and HEK293T. Both ATRT cell lines were treated with a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor, GM6001, to investigate the effect of MMPs on cell proliferation, viability, and expression of tumor antigens and biomarkers. Gene expression was examined using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and protein expression was characterized by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Results: All the rhabdoid tumor cell lines tested had high gene expression levels of MUC16, OPN, AFP, and MSLN. Low expression levels of neuron-specific enolase (ENO2) by the two ATRT cell lines demonstrated their lack of neuronal genotype. Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP-14) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) were highly expressed in these malignant rhabdoid tumor cells, indicating their invasive phenotypes. GM6001 significantly decreased ATRT cell proliferation and the gene expression of MSLN, OPN, and several mesenchymal markers, suggesting that inhibition of MMPs may reduce the aggressiveness of rhabdoid cancer cells. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study may advance our knowledge of the molecular landscapes of human malignant rhabdoid tumors and their biomarkers for effective diagnosis and treatment. This work analyzed the expression of human malignant rhabdoid tumor antigens that may serve as biomarkers for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, such as cancer vaccines and targeted and immunotherapies targeting osteopontin and mesothelin, for the treatment of patients with ATRT and other malignant rhabdoid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hua
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (T.H.); (Z.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ziwei Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (T.H.); (Z.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Junji Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (T.H.); (Z.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (T.H.); (Z.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310-6046, USA;
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
| | - Qingxiang Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (T.H.); (Z.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.X.)
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-644-8683; Fax: +1-850-644-8281
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Basolo A, Poma AM, Giannini R, Ceccarini G, Pelosini C, Fierabracci P, Castany MU, Bechi Genzano S, Ambrosini CE, Materazzi G, Chiovato L, Basolo F, Santini F, Torregrossa L. Histological pattern and gene expression profiling of thyroid tissue in subjects with obesity. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:413-423. [PMID: 34392500 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Subjects with obesity may exhibit an increase in serum TSH concentrations. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association, including the presence of a compensatory mechanism to counterbalance an accelerated turnover of thyroid hormones in subjects with obesity. This study aimed at evaluating whether the thyroids of subjects with obesity differs from those of normal-weight individuals regarding histology and gene expression profiling. METHODS Ninety-eight patients were selected among those scheduled for thyroidectomy. At histology, thyroid tissue samples were investigated for the presence of adipocytes and/or lymphocyte infiltration. In a subset of patients, the expression at mRNA level of several genes involved in metabolic pathways and immune cell-related mechanisms was quantified by NanoString Technology. RESULTS The presence of adipose cells was documented in thyroid specimens from 40% normal weight, 52.9% overweight and 73.5% patients with obesity. The number of infiltrating adipocytes was greater in specimens of patients with overweight or obesity compared to normal weight. The lymphocytes common antigen (CD45) and mast cell (MC) scores, and the number of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were higher in patients with overweight and obesity than in normal-weight subjects. Several genes involved in metabolic pathways were differently expressed in patients with overweight or obesity compared to normal weight, with upregulation of Leptin receptor and downregulation of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 5. CONCLUSIONS Increased BMI is associated with adipocyte and lymphocyte infiltration of the thyroid, not related to an autoimmune process, which might affect thyroid function in subjects with obesity. A differential gene expression profiling of metabolic and immune pathways in thyroid tissues of patients with obesity was also observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Basolo
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - A M Poma
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Giannini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Pelosini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Chemistry and Endocrinology Laboratory, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Fierabracci
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M U Castany
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bechi Genzano
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C E Ambrosini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Materazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Chiovato
- Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via S. Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, PV, Italy
| | - F Basolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Torregrossa
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wenig AJ, Stonebrook EJ, Bignall ONR. "Reasons … the reasons that we're here:" Young pediatric nephrologists reflect on the profession. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:963811. [PMID: 36389376 PMCID: PMC9643686 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.963811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Wenig
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Oh, United States
| | - Emily J Stonebrook
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Oh, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Oh, United States
| | - O N Ray Bignall
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Oh, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Oh, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bruschi M, Petretto A, Cama A, Pavanello M, Bartolucci M, Morana G, Ramenghi LA, Garré ML, Ghiggeri GM, Panfoli I, Candiano G. Potential biomarkers of childhood brain tumor identified by proteomics of cerebrospinal fluid from extraventricular drainage (EVD). Sci Rep 2021; 11:1818. [PMID: 33469081 PMCID: PMC7815722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in childhood. There is the need for biomarkers of residual disease, therapy response and recurrence. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a source of brain tumor biomarkers. We analyzed the proteome of waste CSF from extraventricular drainage (EVD) from 29 children bearing different brain tumors and 17 controls needing EVD insertion for unrelated causes. 1598 and 1526 proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry proteomics in CSF control and brain tumor patients, respectively, 263 and 191 proteins being exclusive of either condition. Bioinformatic analysis revealed promising protein biomarkers for the discrimination between control and tumor (TATA-binding protein-associated factor 15 and S100 protein B). Moreover, Thymosin beta-4 (TMSB4X) and CD109, and 14.3.3 and HSP90 alpha could discriminate among other brain tumors and low-grade gliomas plus glyoneuronal tumors/pilocytic astrocytoma, or embryonal tumors/medulloblastoma. Biomarkers were validated by ELISA assay. Our method was able to distinguish among brain tumor vs non-tumor/hemorrhagic conditions (controls) and to differentiate two large classes of brain tumors. Further prospective studies may assess whether the biomarkers proposed by our discovery approach can be identified in other bodily fluids, therefore less invasively, and are useful to guide therapy and predict recurrences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bruschi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Armando Cama
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Pavanello
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morana
- Unit of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Maria Luisa Garré
- Department of Neuroncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- UO of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università di Genova, V.le Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li D, Stellpflug W, Romanski K, Kilgallon M, Speck S, Saratsis AM. Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid Sampling in Pediatric Diffuse Midline Glioma Patients: Institutional Experience and Review of the Literature. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:556802. [PMID: 33194892 PMCID: PMC7652764 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.556802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Increasing evidence suggests that circulating biomarkers may serve diagnostic and longitudinal monitoring purposes in pediatric neuro-oncology. Mutant tumor DNA is detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of pediatric diffuse midline glioma (DMG) patients and quantity can reflect disease burden. CSF sampling ("liquid biopsy") via a CSF access device could therefore play a role in DMG management. Therefore, we set to evaluate the incidence of hydrocephalus (HCP) in DMG patients, and to characterize ventricular reservoir placement and access practices. Methods: A single institution retrospective review of DMG patients ≤21-years-old was performed (1984-2019). MEDLINE searches for reports of ventricular reservoir or shunt placement in DMG, and reservoir access for intraventricular chemotherapy (IVC) were performed. Results: At our institution, 62.6% of DMG patients (67/108) required intervention for HCP: 19.4% provided transient CSF access (ETV alone n = 3, EVD n = 8, unspecified n = 2), and 80.6% permanent CSF access (ETV + reservoir n = 13, shunt n = 41). Further, 22/34 patients with initially transient CSF devices required conversion to a permanent device. Five devices were revised for malfunction, one for infection. Seventeen articles cited HCP in 22 to 100% of DMG patients. IVC administration was described in 632 patients (seven articles), with 42 infectious and 63 non-infectious complications. Conclusions: Management of HCP is often necessary in children with DMG. Given the low rate of clinical risk associated with VAD placement and access, and the potential utility of longitudinal disease monitoring via CSF analysis, VAD placement could be considered in future clinical trials to guide DMG treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Wendy Stellpflug
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kathy Romanski
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maureen Kilgallon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stacy Speck
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amanda M Saratsis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Laneve P, Rea J, Caffarelli E. Long Noncoding RNAs: Emerging Players in Medulloblastoma. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:67. [PMID: 30923703 PMCID: PMC6426782 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Central Nervous System tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children, and medulloblastoma has the highest incidence rate. The current therapies achieve a 5-year survival rate of 50-80%, but often inflict severe secondary effects demanding the urgent development of novel, effective, and less toxic therapeutic strategies. Historically identified on a histopathological basis, medulloblastoma was later classified into four major subgroups-namely WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4-each characterized by distinct transcriptional profiles, copy-number aberrations, somatic mutations, and clinical outcomes. Additional complexity was recently provided by integrating gene- and non-gene-based data, which indicates that each subclass can be further subdivided into specific subtypes. These deeper classifications, while getting over the typical tumor heterogeneity, indicate that different forms of medulloblastoma hold different molecular drivers that can be successfully exploited for a greater diagnostic accuracy and for the development of novel, targeted treatments. Long noncoding RNAs are transcripts that lack coding potential and play relevant roles as regulators of gene expression in mammalian differentiation and developmental processes. Their cell type- and tissue-specificity, higher than mRNAs, make them more informative about cell- type identity than protein-coding genes. Remarkably, about 40% of long noncoding RNAs are expressed in the brain and their aberrant expression has been linked to neuro-oncological disorders. However, while their involvement in gliomas and neuroblastomas has been extensively studied, their role in medulloblastoma is still poorly explored. Here, we present an overview of current knowledge regarding the function played by long noncoding RNAs in medulloblastoma biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Laneve
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Rea
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Caffarelli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shores DR, Everett AD. Children as Biomarker Orphans: Progress in the Field of Pediatric Biomarkers. J Pediatr 2018; 193:14-20.e31. [PMID: 29031860 PMCID: PMC5794519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darla R Shores
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Allen D Everett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gershanov S, Michowiz S, Toledano H, Yahav G, Barinfeld O, Hirshberg A, Ben-Zvi H, Mircus G, Salmon-Divon M, Fixler D, Goldenberg-Cohen N. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy, a Novel Diagnostic Tool for Metastatic Cell Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Medulloblastoma. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623325 PMCID: PMC5473849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In pediatric brain tumours, dissemination of malignant cells within the central nervous system confers poor prognosis and determines treatment intensity, but is often undetectable by imaging or cytology. This study describes the use of fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging microscopy (FLIM), a novel diagnostic tool, for detection of metastatic spread. The study group included 15 children with medulloblastoma and 2 with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour. Cells extracted from the tumour and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 2 weeks postoperatively and repeatedly during chemo/radiotherapy were subjected to nuclear staining followed by FLT measurement and cytological study. Control CSF samples were collected from patients with infectious/inflammatory disease attending the same hospital. Median FLT was prolonged in tumour cells (4.27 ± 0.28 ns; P < 2.2*10−16) and CSF metastatic cells obtained before chemo/radiotherapy (6.28 ± 0.22 ns; P < 2.2*10−16); normal in inflammatory control cells (2.6 ± 0.04 ns) and cells from children without metastasis before chemo/radiotherapy (2.62 ± 0.23 ns; P = 0.858) and following treatment (2.62 ± 0.21 ns; P = 0.053); and short in CSF metastatic cells obtained after chemo/radiotherapy (2.40 ± 0.2 ns; P < 2.2*10−16). FLIM is a simple test that can potentially identify CSF spread of brain tumours. FLT changes in accordance with treatment, with significant prolonged median values in tumours and metastases. More accurate detection of metastatic cells may guide personalised treatment and improve the therapeutic outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Gershanov
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel.,The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Shalom Michowiz
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, 4920235, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Helen Toledano
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, 4920235, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Gilad Yahav
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Orit Barinfeld
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Avraham Hirshberg
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Haim Ben-Zvi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel
| | - Gabriel Mircus
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, 3339419, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Skevaki C, Van den Berg J, Jones N, Garssen J, Vuillermin P, Levin M, Landay A, Renz H, Calder PC, Thornton CA. Immune biomarkers in the spectrum of childhood noncommunicable diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 137:1302-16. [PMID: 27155027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A biomarker is an accurately and reproducibly quantifiable biological characteristic that provides an objective measure of health status or disease. Benefits of biomarkers include identification of therapeutic targets, monitoring of clinical interventions, and development of personalized (or precision) medicine. Challenges to the use of biomarkers include optimizing sample collection, processing and storage, validation, and often the need for sophisticated laboratory and bioinformatics approaches. Biomarkers offer better understanding of disease processes and should benefit the early detection, treatment, and management of multiple noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This review will consider the utility of biomarkers in patients with allergic and other immune-mediated diseases in childhood. Typically, biomarkers are used currently to provide mechanistic insight or an objective measure of disease severity, with their future role in risk stratification/disease prediction speculative at best. There are many lessons to be learned from the biomarker strategies used for cancer in which biomarkers are in routine clinical use and industry-wide standardized approaches have been developed. Biomarker discovery and validation in children with disease lag behind those in adults; given the early onset and therefore potential lifelong effect of many NCDs, there should be more studies incorporating cohorts of children. Many pediatric biomarkers are at the discovery stage, with a long path to evaluation and clinical implementation. The ultimate challenge will be optimization of prevention strategies that can be implemented in children identified as being at risk of an NCD through the use of biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Skevaki
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH Baldingerstr, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jolice Van den Berg
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Department of Immunology/Microbiology Rush University Medical Center Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Nicholas Jones
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales
| | - Johan Garssen
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Beta Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Levin
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Division of Asthma and Allergy, University of Cape Town, and the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alan Landay
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Department of Immunology/Microbiology Rush University Medical Center Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Harald Renz
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH Baldingerstr, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philip C Calder
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network; Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Karpinsky G, Fatyga A, Krawczyk MA, Chamera M, Sande N, Szmyd D, Izycka-Swieszewska E, Bien E. Osteopontin: its potential role in cancer of children and young adults. Biomark Med 2017; 11:389-402. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Osteopontin (OPN) is aglyco-phosphoprotein, involved in tissue remodeling, inflammation and boneresorption. In various adult neoplasms OPN was shown to correlate with cancer progression, invasiveness and metastasis. Aim: to define the role of OPN in malignancies of children and young adults. Material and methods: a structured PubMed and Google Scholar literature analysis based on reports published in English between I'1995 and XII'2015. Results: 14 studies (four on hematological malignancies, four on bone tumors, three on CNS tumors, two on dendritic proliferative diseases and one on renal tumors) were identified. Higher levels of serum and cerebro-spinal fluid OPN protein, and high expressions of OPN mRNA and SPP1 gene were present in more aggressive and advanced childhood malignancies. In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with CNS involvement and with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) and medulloblastoma, the serum and CSF OPN levels reflected tumor bulk and response to therapy, while in children with AT/RT and multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis with high-risk organs involvement, high OPN serum levels correlated with poorer survival. To the contrary, in osteosarcoma, high OPN mRNA and SPP1 gene expressions correlated with better survival and good response to chemotherapy. Conclusions: The literature review suggests that OPN may play important roles in the development and progression of selected cancers of children and young adults, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, malignant gliomas, AT/RT and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. However, limited number of published studies prevents from definite concluding on the clinical utility of OPN as a marker of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring in these pediatric cancers. Further studies performed in more numerous groups of patients with particular types of cancers of children and young adults are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Karpinsky
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, 3901 Beaubien Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Aleksandra Fatyga
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology & Oncology, University Clinic Center, 7 Debinki Street, 80–952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Anna Krawczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80–211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Madeleine Chamera
- The English Division Pediatric Oncology Scientific Circle, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80–211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Sande
- The English Division Pediatric Oncology Scientific Circle, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80–211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dagmara Szmyd
- Coronary Care Unit, Cardiology Department, West Cumberland Hospital, Whitehaven, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa Izycka-Swieszewska
- Department of Pathology & Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, 80–211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bien
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80–211 Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang CJ, Lee CL, Liu CY, Huang SH, Hou JW, Chen YH, Chien CC, Ho CM, Lo WC, Hung KL. Detection of lower levels of SNAP25 using multiple microarray systems and its functional significance in medulloblastoma. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1195-1205. [PMID: 28339008 PMCID: PMC5403484 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric malignant brain tumor and patients with high-risk or recurrent MB respond poorly to current therapies, and have a higher related mortality. For this reason, potential molecules related to MB need be identified in order to develop targets for the development of novel therapeutics. In the present study, we compared MB microarray data obtained using different microarray systems and significant targets were selected by gene annotation and enrichment analysis. Genes for soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) annotated with the function 'vesicle' were identified and one of these proteins, synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25), was found to have significantly lower expression levels in MB. In addition, SNAP25 was detected in a very low number of MB cells as shown by western blot analysis and immunohistochemical analyses of archived and formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded human MB specimens. We found that SNAP25 altered the morphology and the chemotherapeutic effects of arabinofuranosyl cytidine (Ara-C) on SNAP25-expressing MB cells. On the whole, our data indicate that the expression of SNAP25 is crucial for dendrite formation and is associated with the effects of targeted chemotherapy. The detection of SNAP25 expression in MB cells may thus be essential for the chemotherapeutic application of Ara-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jung Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Long Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Yi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Hung Huang
- Department of Pathology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jia-Woei Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Hou Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Cheng Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Ming Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Cheng Lo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kun-Long Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tumor-Associated CSF MicroRNAs for the Prediction and Evaluation of CNS Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29103-19. [PMID: 26690130 PMCID: PMC4691097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a readily reachable body fluid that is reflective of the underlying pathological state of the central nervous system (CNS). Hence it has been targeted for biomarker discovery for a variety of neurological disorders. CSF is also the major route for seeding metastases of CNS malignancies and its analysis could be informative for diagnosis and risk stratification of brain cancers. Recently, modern high-throughput, microRNAs (miRNAs) measuring technology has enabled sensitive detection of distinct miRNAs that are bio-chemicallystable in the CSF and can distinguish between different types of CNS cancers. Owing to the fact that a CSF specimen can be obtained with relative ease, analysis of CSF miRNAs could be a promising contribution to clinical practice. In this review, we examine the current scientific knowledge on tumor associated CSF miRNAs that could guide diagnosis of different brain cancer types, or could be helpful in predicting disease progression and therapy response. Finally, we highlight their potential applications clinically as biomarkers and discuss limitations.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sui Y, Wang H, Liu G, Damen FW, Wanamaker C, Li Y, Zhou XJ. Differentiation of Low- and High-Grade Pediatric Brain Tumors with High b-Value Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging and a Fractional Order Calculus Model. Radiology 2015; 277:489-96. [PMID: 26035586 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015142156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate that a new set of parameters (D, β, and μ) from a fractional order calculus (FROC) diffusion model can be used to improve the accuracy of MR imaging for differentiating among low- and high-grade pediatric brain tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The institutional review board of the performing hospital approved this study, and written informed consent was obtained from the legal guardians of pediatric patients. Multi-b-value diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 67 pediatric patients with brain tumors. Diffusion coefficient D, fractional order parameter β (which correlates with tissue heterogeneity), and a microstructural quantity μ were calculated by fitting the multi-b-value diffusion-weighted images to an FROC model. D, β, and μ values were measured in solid tumor regions, as well as in normal-appearing gray matter as a control. These values were compared between the low- and high-grade tumor groups by using the Mann-Whitney U test. The performance of FROC parameters for differentiating among patient groups was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS None of the FROC parameters exhibited significant differences in normal-appearing gray matter (P ≥ .24), but all showed a significant difference (P < .002) between low- (D, 1.53 μm(2)/msec ± 0.47; β, 0.87 ± 0.06; μ, 8.67 μm ± 0.95) and high-grade (D, 0.86 μm(2)/msec ± 0.23; β, 0.73 ± 0.06; μ, 7.8 μm ± 0.70) brain tumor groups. The combination of D and β produced the largest area under the ROC curve (0.962) in the ROC analysis compared with individual parameters (β, 0.943; D,0.910; and μ, 0.763), indicating an improved performance for tumor differentiation. CONCLUSION The FROC parameters can be used to differentiate between low- and high-grade pediatric brain tumor groups. The combination of FROC parameters or individual parameters may serve as in vivo, noninvasive, and quantitative imaging markers for classifying pediatric brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sui
- From the Center for MR Research (Y.S., G.L., F.W.D., X.J.Z.) and Departments of Radiology (C.W., X.J.Z.), Neurosurgery (X.J.Z.), and Bioengineering (Y.S., X.J.Z.), University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, 1801 W Taylor St, MC-707, Suite 1A, Chicago, IL 60612; Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China (H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.L.)
| | - He Wang
- From the Center for MR Research (Y.S., G.L., F.W.D., X.J.Z.) and Departments of Radiology (C.W., X.J.Z.), Neurosurgery (X.J.Z.), and Bioengineering (Y.S., X.J.Z.), University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, 1801 W Taylor St, MC-707, Suite 1A, Chicago, IL 60612; Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China (H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.L.)
| | - Guanzhong Liu
- From the Center for MR Research (Y.S., G.L., F.W.D., X.J.Z.) and Departments of Radiology (C.W., X.J.Z.), Neurosurgery (X.J.Z.), and Bioengineering (Y.S., X.J.Z.), University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, 1801 W Taylor St, MC-707, Suite 1A, Chicago, IL 60612; Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China (H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.L.)
| | - Frederick W Damen
- From the Center for MR Research (Y.S., G.L., F.W.D., X.J.Z.) and Departments of Radiology (C.W., X.J.Z.), Neurosurgery (X.J.Z.), and Bioengineering (Y.S., X.J.Z.), University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, 1801 W Taylor St, MC-707, Suite 1A, Chicago, IL 60612; Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China (H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.L.)
| | - Christian Wanamaker
- From the Center for MR Research (Y.S., G.L., F.W.D., X.J.Z.) and Departments of Radiology (C.W., X.J.Z.), Neurosurgery (X.J.Z.), and Bioengineering (Y.S., X.J.Z.), University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, 1801 W Taylor St, MC-707, Suite 1A, Chicago, IL 60612; Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China (H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.L.)
| | - Yuhua Li
- From the Center for MR Research (Y.S., G.L., F.W.D., X.J.Z.) and Departments of Radiology (C.W., X.J.Z.), Neurosurgery (X.J.Z.), and Bioengineering (Y.S., X.J.Z.), University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, 1801 W Taylor St, MC-707, Suite 1A, Chicago, IL 60612; Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China (H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaohong Joe Zhou
- From the Center for MR Research (Y.S., G.L., F.W.D., X.J.Z.) and Departments of Radiology (C.W., X.J.Z.), Neurosurgery (X.J.Z.), and Bioengineering (Y.S., X.J.Z.), University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, 1801 W Taylor St, MC-707, Suite 1A, Chicago, IL 60612; Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Shanghai, China (H.W.); and Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Warren KE. Measuring the pons: a non-invasive biomarker for pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. CNS Oncol 2015; 3:181-3. [PMID: 25055124 DOI: 10.2217/cns.14.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
17
|
Brunner HI, Klein-Gitelman MS, Zelko F, Beebe DW, Foell D, Lee J, Zaal A, Jones J, Roebuck-Spencer T, Ying J. Blood-based candidate biomarkers of the presence of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus in children. Lupus Sci Med 2014; 1:e000038. [PMID: 25396068 PMCID: PMC4225735 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2014-000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine select brain-reactive proteins for their usefulness to serve as blood-based biomarkers in the screening for neurocognitive deficits in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE-NCD). Methods Patients withcSLE (n=40) were studied longitudinally (month 1; month 18): working memory, psychomotor speed and visuoconstructional ability were assessed using formal neurocognitive testing to determine the presence of cSLE-NCD. Patients also completed the computerised Paediatric Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics. The following brain-reactive proteins were measured in the blood: neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), S100B, S100A8/9, antibodies to NR2 glutamate receptor (aNR2-AB), ribosomal-P (aP-AB), glycoprotein-1 (aGP1-AB), and lupus anticoagulant. Results cSLE-NCD was present in 6 of 40 patients at baseline and 4 of 27 patients with 18-month information. aP-AB positivity was more commonly present with cSLE-NCD than without (p=0.05). aP-ABs were negatively associated with performance on tests assessing working memory, psychomotor speed and visuoconstructional ability in using formal neurocognitive testing. There were also significant negative associations between aP-AB, S100A8/9, aNR2-AB, aGP1-AB, and lupus anticoagulant and accuracy rates on select Paediatric Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics subtests (p<0.05). Over time, decline in cognitive performance was more pronounced among patients with higher NGAL and aNR2-AB levels. Combinations of serum levels of S100A8/9, S100B, NGAL, aNR2-AB and aP-AB were able to identify cSLE-NCD (sensitivity: 100%; specificity 76%) in exploratory analysis. Conclusions Select brain-reactive proteins in the blood are associated with cognitive performance and the presence of cSLE-NCD, cross-sectionally and over time. This raises the possibility that testing of these proteins may assist with the screening of cSLE-NCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hermine I Brunner
- Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio , USA ; College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio , USA
| | - Marisa S Klein-Gitelman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois , USA
| | - Frank Zelko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois , USA ; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois , USA
| | - Dean W Beebe
- Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio , USA ; College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio , USA
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Muenster, Muenster , Germany
| | - Jiha Lee
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio , USA ; Department of Internal Medicine , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio , USA
| | - Ahmad Zaal
- Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio , USA
| | - Jordan Jones
- Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio , USA ; College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio , USA
| | | | - Jun Ying
- Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio , USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Samuel N, Remke M, Rutka JT, Raught B, Malkin D. Proteomic analyses of CSF aimed at biomarker development for pediatric brain tumors. J Neurooncol 2014; 118:225-238. [PMID: 24771250 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary brain tumors cumulatively represent the most common solid tumors of childhood and are the leading cause of cancer related death in this age group. Traditionally, molecular findings and histological analyses from biopsies of resected tumor tissue have been used for diagnosis and classification of these diseases. However, there is a dearth of useful biomarkers that have been validated and clinically implemented for pediatric brain tumors. Notably, diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be assayed through analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and as such, CSF represents an appropriate medium to obtain liquid biopsies that can be informative for diagnosis, disease classification and risk stratification. Proteomic profiling of pediatric CNS malignancies has identified putative protein markers of disease, yet few effective biomarkers have been clinically validated or implemented. Advances in protein quantification techniques have made it possible to conduct such investigations rapidly and accurately through proteome-wide analyses. This review summarizes the current literature on proteomics in pediatric neuro-oncology and discusses the implications for clinical applications of proteomics research. We also outline strategies for translating effective CSF proteomic studies into clinical applications to optimize the care of this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nardin Samuel
- MD/PhD Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mahto MK, Yellapu NK, Kilaru RB, Chamarthi NR, Bhaskar M. Molecular designing and in silico evaluation of darunavir derivatives as anticancer agents. Bioinformation 2014; 10:221-6. [PMID: 24966524 PMCID: PMC4070053 DOI: 10.6026/97320630010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Darunavir is a synthetic nonpeptidic protease inhibitor which has been tested for anticancer properties. To deduce and enhance the anticancer activity of the Darunavir, we have modified its reactive moiety in an effective way. We designed 9 analogues in ChemBioOffice 2010 and minimized using the LigPrep tool of Schrödinger 2011. These analogues can obstruct the activity of other signalling pathways which are implicated in many tumors. Results of the QikProp showed that all the analogues lied in the specified range of all the pharmacokinetic (ADMET) properties required to become the successful drug. Docking study was performed to test its anticancer activity against the biomarkers of the five main types of cancers i.e. bone, brain, breast, colon and skin cancer. Grid was generated for each oncoproteins by specifying the active site amino acids. The binding model of best scoring analogue with each protein was assessed from their G-scores and disclosed by docking analysis using the XP visualizer tool. An analysis of the receptor-ligand interaction studies revealed that these nine Darunavir analogues are active against all cancer biomarkers and have the features to prove themselves as anticancer drugs, further to be synthesized and tested against the cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj kumar Mahto
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP, India, 522510
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, AP, India, 517502
| | - Nanda Kumar Yellapu
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Vector Control Research Center, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pondicherry, India, 605006
| | - Ravendra Babu Kilaru
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, AP, 517502, India
| | - Naga Raju Chamarthi
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, AP, 517502, India
| | - Matcha Bhaskar
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, AP, India, 517502
| |
Collapse
|