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Luo W, Hoang H, Miller KE, Zhu H, Xu S, Mo X, Garfinkle EAR, Costello H, Wijeratne S, Chemnitz W, Gandhi R, Liao Y, Ayello J, Gardenswartz A, Rosenblum JM, Cassady KA, Mardis ER, Lee DA, Cripe TP, Cairo MS. Combinatorial macrophage induced innate immunotherapy against Ewing sarcoma: Turning "Two Keys" simultaneously. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:193. [PMID: 38992659 PMCID: PMC11238356 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play important roles in phagocytosing tumor cells. However, tumors escape macrophage phagocytosis in part through the expression of anti-phagocytic signals, most commonly CD47. In Ewing sarcoma (ES), we found that tumor cells utilize dual mechanisms to evade macrophage clearance by simultaneously over-expressing CD47 and down-regulating cell surface calreticulin (csCRT), the pro-phagocytic signal. Here, we investigate the combination of a CD47 blockade (magrolimab, MAG) to inhibit the anti-phagocytic signal and a chemotherapy regimen (doxorubicin, DOX) to enhance the pro-phagocytic signal to induce macrophage phagocytosis of ES cells in vitro and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. METHODS Macrophages were derived from human peripheral blood monocytes by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Flow cytometry- and microscopy-based in-vitro phagocytosis assays were performed to evaluate macrophage phagocytosis of ES cells. Annexin-V assay was performed to evaluate apoptosis. CD47 was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 approach. ES cell-based and patient-derived-xenograft (PDX)-based mouse models were utilized to assess the effects of MAG and/or DOX on ES tumor development and animal survival. RNA-Seq combined with CIBERSORTx analysis was utilized to identify changes in tumor cell transcriptome and tumor infiltrating immune cell profiling in MAG and/or DOX treated xenograft tumors. RESULTS We found that MAG significantly increased macrophage phagocytosis of ES cells in vitro (p < 0.01) and had significant effect on reducing tumor burden (p < 0.01) and increasing survival in NSG mouse model (p < 0.001). The csCRT level on ES cells was significantly enhanced by DOX in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p < 0.01). Importantly, DOX combined with MAG significantly enhanced macrophage phagocytosis of ES cells in vitro (p < 0.01) and significantly decreased tumor burden (p < 0.01) and lung metastasis (p < 0.0001) and extended animal survival in vivo in two different mouse models of ES (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we identified CD38, CD209, CD163 and CD206 as potential markers for ES-phagocytic macrophages. Moreover, we found increased M2 macrophage infiltration and decreased expression of Cd209 in the tumor microenvironment of MAG and DOX combinatorial therapy treated tumors. CONCLUSIONS By turning "two keys" simultaneously to reactivate macrophage phagocytic activity, our data demonstrated an effective and highly translatable alternative therapeutic approach utilizing innate (tumor associated macrophages) immunotherapy against high-risk metastatic ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
| | - Hai Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Katherine E Miller
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Serena Xu
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth A R Garfinkle
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Heather Costello
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Saranga Wijeratne
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wiebke Chemnitz
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | - Yanling Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Janet Ayello
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Aliza Gardenswartz
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Jeremy M Rosenblum
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Kevin A Cassady
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dean A Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mitchell S Cairo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
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2
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Liu W, Cheng L, Du Y, Liu X, Ma J, Yan L. 6-(7-Nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-ylthio) Hexanol Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Endometriosis by Regulating Glutathione S-Transferase Mu Class 4. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2945-2961. [PMID: 36928896 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic disease associated with a disrupted oxidative balance and chronic inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of glutathione S-transferase Mu class 4 (GSTM4) in endometriosis and determined whether 6-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-ylthio) hexanol (NBDHEX) regulates GSTM4 expression to affect cellular functions and oxidative stress. GSTM4 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in endometrium from 15 endometriosis patients and 15 healthy controls. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of GSTM4, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), Survivin, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-XL), Bax, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in primary endometrial stromal cells with endometriosis (EESC) and normal endometrial stromal cells (NESC). The effects of NBDHEX on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and Transwell assays. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of GSTM4 was significantly increased in endometrium from endometriosis patients. Upon NBDHEX treatment, ESC exhibited reduced proliferation, migration and invasion abilities, and increased apoptosis. NBDHEX decreased the expression of endometriosis prognostic markers (PCNA and MMP-9) and anti-apoptotic proteins (Survivin and Bcl-xl), while it increased the expression of the apoptotic protein Bax. It had no effect on Keap1 expression, and it decreased the expression of Nrf2. The effect of siRNA-mediated knockdown of GSTM4 was similar to that of suppressing GSTM4 expression with NBDHEX treatment. These results indicate that GSTM4 is highly expressed in endometriosis and its expression is inhibited by NBDHEX. Decreased expression of GSTM4 inhibits cell growth, migration, and invasion, and negatively regulates Nrf2 to affect oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Our results suggest that GSTM4 may play a role in ameliorating the progression of endometriosis. NBDHEX may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical, University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, China
| | - Yanbo Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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3
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Shami PJ. Development of JS-K, a First-in-Class Arylated Diazeniumdiolate, for the Treatment of Cancer. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:57-62. [PMID: 37824387 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023048725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Shami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Suite 2100, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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4
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Zhang J, Li Y, Zou J, Lai CT, Zeng T, Peng J, Zou WD, Cao B, Liu D, Zhu LY, Li H, Li YK. Comprehensive analysis of the glutathione S-transferase Mu (GSTM) gene family in ovarian cancer identifies prognostic and expression significance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:968547. [PMID: 35965498 PMCID: PMC9366399 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.968547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common types of gynecologic tumor over the world. The Glutathione S-transferase Mu (GSTM) has five members, including GSTM1-5. These GSTMs is involved in cell metabolism and detoxification, but their role in OC remains unknown. Methods Data from multiple public databases associated with OC and GSTMs were collected. Expression, prognosis, function enrichment, immune infiltration, stemness index, and drug sensitivity analysis was utilized to identify the roles of GSTMs in OC progression. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed the effect of AICAR, AT-7519, PHA-793887 and PI-103 on the mRNA levels of GSTM3/4. Results GSTM1-5 were decreased in OC samples compared to normal ovary samples. GSTM1/5 were positively correlated with OC prognosis, but GSTM3 was negatively correlated with OC prognosis. Function enrichment analysis indicated GSTMs were involved in glutathione metabolism, drug metabolism, and drug resistance. Immune infiltration analysis indicated GSTM2/3/4 promoted immune escape in OC. GSTM5 was significantly correlated with OC stemness index. GSTM3/4 were remarkedly associated with OC chemoresistance, especially in AICAR, AT-7519, PHA-793887 and PI-103. Conclusion GSTM3 was negatively correlated with OC prognosis, and associated with OC chemoresistance and immune escape. This gene may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic target for OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou central hospital, Xiangya hospital Zhuzhou central south university, Central south university, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou central hospital, Xiangya hospital Zhuzhou central south university, Central south university, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Juan Zou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chun-tian Lai
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou central hospital, Xiangya hospital Zhuzhou central south university, Central south university, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Tian Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou central hospital, Xiangya hospital Zhuzhou central south university, Central south university, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Wen-da Zou
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou central hospital, Xiangya hospital Zhuzhou central south university, Central south university, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou central hospital, Xiangya hospital Zhuzhou central south university, Central south university, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou central hospital, Xiangya hospital Zhuzhou central south university, Central south university, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Li-yu Zhu
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou central hospital, Xiangya hospital Zhuzhou central south university, Central south university, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou central hospital, Xiangya hospital Zhuzhou central south university, Central south university, Zhuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li, ; Yu-kun Li,
| | - Yu-kun Li
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Centre, Zhuzhou central hospital, Xiangya hospital Zhuzhou central south university, Central south university, Zhuzhou, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li, ; Yu-kun Li,
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5
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Hamilton G. Comparative characteristics of small cell lung cancer and Ewing's sarcoma: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 11:1185-1198. [PMID: 35832443 PMCID: PMC9271444 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and Ewing's sarcoma (ES) at the disseminated stage are not amenable to therapy and have a dismal prognosis with low survival rates. Despite representing different tumor entities, treatment for both malignancies relies on cytotoxic chemotherapy that has not considerably changed for the past decades. The genomic background has been extensively studied and found to comprise inactivation of p53 and RB1 in case of SCLC and EWSR1/FLI1 rearrangement in case of ES resulting in aggressive tumors in adults with heavy tobacco consumption and as bone tumor in juveniles, respectively. New therapeutic modalities are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of both tumor entities, especially in patients with metastatic disease or recurrences. This review summarizes the common cell biologic and clinical characteristics of difficult-to-treat SCLC and ES and discusses their refractoriness and options to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Methods PubMed and Euro PMC were searched from January 1st, 2012 to January 16th, 2022 using the following key words: "SCLC", "Ewing´s sarcoma", "Genomics" and "Chemoresistance" as well as own work. Key Content and Findings Therapy of SCLC and ES involves the use of undirected cytotoxic drugs in multimodal chemotherapy and administration of topotecan for 2nd line SCLC regimens. Despite highly aggressive chemotherapies, outcomes are dismal for patients with disseminated tumors. A host of unrelated drugs and targeted therapeutics have failed to result in progress for the patients and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance are still not clear. Identification of chemoresistance-reversing modulators in vitro and patient-derived xenografts of SCLC and ES has not translated into new therapies. Conclusions The global chemoresistance of SCLC and ES may be explained by physiological resistance at the tumor level and formation of larger spheroids that contain quiescent and hypoxic tumor cells in regions that occlude therapeutics. This type of chemoresistance is difficult to overcome and prevent the accumulation of effective drug concentration at the tumor cell level to a significant degree leaving therapeutic interventions of any kind ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hamilton
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Aldughaim MS, Al-Anazi MR, Bohol MFF, Colak D, Alothaid H, Wakil SM, Hagos ST, Ali D, Alarifi S, Rout S, Alkahtani S, Al-Ahdal MN, Al-Qahtani AA. Gene Expression and Transcriptome Profiling of Changes in a Cancer Cell Line Post-Exposure to Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots: Possible Implications in Oncogenesis. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211019880. [PMID: 34177396 PMCID: PMC8202281 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211019880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe-QDs) are acquiring great interest in terms of their applications in biomedical sciences. Despite earlier sporadic studies on possible oncogenic roles and anticancer properties of CdTe-QDs, there is limited information regarding the oncogenic potential of CdTe-QDs in cancer progression. Here, we investigated the oncogenic effects of CdTe-QDs on the gene expression profiles of Chang cancer cells. Chang cancer cells were treated with 2 different doses of CdTe-QDs (10 and 25 μg/ml) at different time intervals (6, 12, and 24 h). Functional annotations helped identify the gene expression profile in terms of its biological process, canonical pathways, and gene interaction networks activated. It was found that the gene expression profiles varied in a time and dose-dependent manner. Validation of transcriptional changes of several genes through quantitative PCR showed that several genes upregulated by CdTe-QD exposure were somewhat linked with oncogenesis. CdTe-QD-triggered functional pathways that appear to associate with gene expression, cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, cell-cycle progression, signal transduction, and metabolism. Overall, CdTe-QD exposure led to changes in the gene expression profiles of the Chang cancer cells, highlighting that this nanoparticle can further drive oncogenesis and cancer progression, a finding that indicates the merit of immediate in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mashael R Al-Anazi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marie Fe F Bohol
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Alothaid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Majid Wakil
- Genotyping Core Facility, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samya T Hagos
- Genotyping Core Facility, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sashmita Rout
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed N Al-Ahdal
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University, School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University, School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Singh RR, Mohammad J, Orr M, Reindl KM. Glutathione S-Transferase pi-1 Knockdown Reduces Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Growth by Activating Oxidative Stress Response Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061501. [PMID: 32526885 PMCID: PMC7352757 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase pi-1 (GSTP1) plays an important role in regulating oxidative stress by conjugating glutathione to electrophiles. GSTP1 is overexpressed in breast, colon, lung, and prostate tumors, where it contributes to tumor progression and drug resistance; however, the role of GSTP1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not well understood. Using shRNA, we knocked down GSTP1 expression in three different PDAC cell lines and determined the effect on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Our results show GSTP1 knockdown reduces PDAC cell growth, prolongs the G0/G1 phase, and elevates ROS in PDAC cells. Furthermore, GSTP1 knockdown results in the increased phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun and the decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p65, the reduced expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), and the increased expression of apoptosis-promoting genes. The addition of the antioxidant glutathione restored cell viability and returned protein expression levels to those found in control cells. Collectively, these data support the working hypothesis that the loss of GSTP1 elevates oxidative stress, which alters mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and NF-κB signaling, and induces apoptosis. In support of these in vitro data, nude mice bearing orthotopically implanted GSTP1-knockdown PDAC cells showed an impressive reduction in the size and weight of tumors compared to the controls. Additionally, we observed reduced levels of Ki-67 and increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 in GSTP1-knockdown tumors, suggesting GSTP1 knockdown impedes proliferation and upregulates apoptosis in PDAC cells. Together, these results indicate that GSTP1 plays a significant role in PDAC cell growth and provides support for the pursuit of GSTP1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul R. Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (R.R.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jiyan Mohammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (R.R.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Megan Orr
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA;
| | - Katie M. Reindl
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (R.R.S.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-701-231-9427
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8
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Luo W, Xu C, Phillips S, Gardenswartz A, Rosenblum JM, Ayello J, Lessnick SL, Hao HX, Cairo MS. Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1A regulates cell cycle progression in Ewing sarcoma. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1691-1704. [PMID: 32477459 PMCID: PMC7233808 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a malignant pediatric bone and soft tissue tumor. Patients with metastatic ES have a dismal outcome which has not been improved in decades. The major challenge in the treatment of metastatic ES is the lack of specific targets and rational combinatorial therapy. We recently found that protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1A (PPP1R1A) is specifically highly expressed in ES and promotes tumor growth and metastasis in ES. In the current investigation, we show that PPP1R1A regulates ES cell cycle progression in G1/S phase by down-regulating cell cycle inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1, which leads to retinoblastoma (Rb) protein hyperphosphorylation. In addition, we show that PPP1R1A promotes normal transcription of histone genes during cell cycle progression. Importantly, we demonstrate a synergistic/additive effect of the combinatorial therapy of PPP1R1A and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibition on decreasing ES cell proliferation and migration in vitro and limiting xenograft tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest a role of PPP1R1A as an ES specific cell cycle modulator and that simultaneous targeting of PPP1R1A and IGF-1R pathways is a promising specific and effective strategy to treat both primary and metastatic ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Changxin Xu
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Phillips
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Janet Ayello
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | - Huai-Xiang Hao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mitchell S Cairo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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9
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Anatolıan sage Salvıa frutıcosa ınhıbıts cytosolıc glutathıone-s-transferase actıvıty and colon cancer cell prolıferatıon. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Glutathione Transferases: Potential Targets to Overcome Chemoresistance in Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123785. [PMID: 30487385 PMCID: PMC6321424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional enzymes glutathione transferases (GSTs) are involved in the development of chemoresistance, thus representing a promising target for a novel approach in cancer treatment. This superfamily of polymorphic enzymes exhibits extraordinary substrate promiscuity responsible for detoxification of numerous conventional chemotherapeutics, at the same time regulating signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition to upregulated GST expression, different cancer cell types have a unique GST signature, enabling targeted selectivity for isoenzyme specific inhibitors and pro-drugs. As a result of extensive research, certain GST inhibitors are already tested in clinical trials. Catalytic properties of GST isoenzymes are also exploited in bio-activation of specific pro-drugs, enabling their targeted accumulation in cancer cells with upregulated expression of the appropriate GST isoenzyme. Moreover, the latest approach to increase specificity in treatment of solid tumors is development of GST pro-drugs that are derivatives of conventional anti-cancer drugs. A future perspective is based on the design of new drugs, which would selectively target GST overexpressing cancers more prone to developing chemoresistance, while decreasing side effects in off-target cells.
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11
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Liu H, Yang Z, Zang L, Wang G, Zhou S, Jin G, Yang Z, Pan X. Downregulation of Glutathione S-transferase A1 suppressed tumor growth and induced cell apoptosis in A549 cell line. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:467-474. [PMID: 29928434 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) is a phase II detoxification enzyme and serves a crucial role in anti-cancer drug resistance. In our previous study, GSTA1 was identified to be highly expressed in various subtypes of non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines compared with human embryonic lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of GSTA1 expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of A549 cells. GSTA1 expression was knocked down or with overexpressed using lentivirus particles. Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to assess the protein, and mRNA levels of GSTA1 in A549 cells, respectively. The effect of GSTA1 manipulation on cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated in vitro using MTT assays, Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry, and in vivo using A549 cell line xenografts in nude mice. The results of the western blot analysis and RT-qPCR revealed that stable cell models of GSTA1 knockdown, and overexpression were established. The data of the MTT assay indicated that the downregulation of GSTA1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation compared with si-control-transfected cells. These si-GSTA1 A549 cells exhibited typical morphological changes of apoptosis, including chromatin condensation and shrunken nuclei compared with the si-control counterparts. An AnnexinV-fluorescein isothiocyanate assay verified that the downregulation of GSTA1 significantly induced cell apoptosis in vitro. In addition, overexpression of GSTA1 significantly promoted tumor growth in vivo. Accordingly, downregulation of GSTA1 suppressed tumor growth. In conclusion, GSTA1 plays an important role in regulation of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in A549 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhouping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, P.R. China
| | - Linquan Zang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guixiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Sigui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guifang Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xuediao Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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12
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Manara MC, Terracciano M, Mancarella C, Sciandra M, Guerzoni C, Pasello M, Grilli A, Zini N, Picci P, Colombo MP, Morrione A, Scotlandi K. CD99 triggering induces methuosis of Ewing sarcoma cells through IGF-1R/RAS/Rac1 signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79925-79942. [PMID: 27835596 PMCID: PMC5346761 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD99 is a cell surface molecule that has emerged as a novel target for Ewing sarcoma (EWS), an aggressive pediatric bone cancer. This report provides the first evidence of methuosis in EWS, a non-apoptotic form of cell death induced by an antibody directed against the CD99 molecule. Upon mAb triggering, CD99 induces an IGF-1R/RAS/Rac1 complex, which is internalized into RAB5-positive endocytic vacuoles. This complex is then dissociated, with the IGF-1R recycling to the cell membrane while CD99 and RAS/Rac1 are sorted into immature LAMP-1-positive vacuoles, whose excessive accumulation provokes methuosis. This process, which is not detected in CD99-expressing normal mesenchymal cells, is inhibited by disruption of the IGF-1R signaling, whereas enhanced by IGF-1 stimulation. Induction of IGF-1R/RAS/Rac1 was also observed in the EWS xenografts that respond to anti-CD99 mAb, further supporting the role of the IGF/RAS/Rac1 axis in the hyperstimulation of macropinocytosis and selective death of EWS cells. Thus, we describe a vulnerability of EWS cells, including those resistant to standard chemotherapy, to a treatment with anti-CD99 mAb, which requires IGF-1R/RAS signaling but bypasses the need for their direct targeting. Overall, we propose CD99 targeting as new opportunity to treat EWS patients resistant to canonical apoptosis-inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Manara
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Mario Terracciano
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy.,Department of Urology and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Caterina Mancarella
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Marika Sciandra
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy.,PROMETEO Laboratory, STB, RIT Department, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Clara Guerzoni
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy.,PROMETEO Laboratory, STB, RIT Department, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Michela Pasello
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy.,PROMETEO Laboratory, STB, RIT Department, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Andrea Grilli
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zini
- CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Bologna 40136, Italy.,SC Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy.,PROMETEO Laboratory, STB, RIT Department, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS "Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori," Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Urology and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy.,PROMETEO Laboratory, STB, RIT Department, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
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13
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6-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-ylthio) hexanol: a promising new anticancer compound. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171440. [PMID: 29358310 PMCID: PMC5809612 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The 7-nitro-2,1,3-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) derivatives are a series of compounds containing the NBD scaffold that are not glutathione (GSH) peptidomimetics, and result in a strong inhibition of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Growing evidences highlight their pivotal roles and outstanding anticancer activity in different tumor models. In particular, 6-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-ylthio) hexanol (NBDHEX) is extensively studied, which is a very efficient inhibitor of GSTP1-1. It triggers apoptosis in several tumor cell lines and this cytotoxic activity is observed at micro and submicromolar concentrations. Importantly, studies have shown that NBDHEX acts as an anticancer drug by inhibiting GSTs catalytic activity, avoiding inconvenience of the inhibitor extrusion from the cell by specific pumps and disrupting the interaction between the GSTP1-1 and key signaling effectors. Additionally, some researchers also have discovered that NBDHEX can act as late-phase autophagy inhibitor, which opens new opportunities to fully exploit its therapeutic potential. In this review, we summarize the advantages, anticancer mechanisms, and analogs of this compound, which will establish the basis on the usage of NBDHEX in clinical applications in future.
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Ryuno H, Naguro I, Kamiyama M. ASK family and cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 66:72-84. [PMID: 28552579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major problem in public health and is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Many types of cancer cells exhibit aberrant cellular signal transduction in response to stress, which often leads to oncogenesis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal cascades are one of the important intracellular stress signaling pathways closely related to cancer. The key molecules in MAPK signal cascades that respond to various types of stressors are apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) family members; ASK1, ASK2 and ASK3. ASK family members are activated by a wide variety of stressors, and they regulate various cellular responses, such as cell proliferation, inflammation and apoptosis. In this review, we will discuss both the oncogenic and anti-oncogenic roles of the ASK family members in various contexts of cancer development with deeper insights into the involvement of ASK family members in cancer pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ryuno
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Isao Naguro
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Miki Kamiyama
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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15
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Magnetic resonance imaging of RRx-001 pharmacodynamics in preclinical tumors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102511-102520. [PMID: 29254266 PMCID: PMC5731976 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RRx-001 is an anticancer agent that subjects cancer cells to reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and acts as an epigenetic modifier. We have used a thiol-bearing MRI contrast agent, Gd-LC7-SH, to investigate the pharmacodynamics of RRx-001 in CHP-100 Ewing's Sarcoma, HT-29 colorectal carcinoma, and PANC-1 pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in SCID mice. Binding of Gd-LC7-SH to the Cys34 residue on plasma albumin prolongs retention in the tumor microenvironment and increases tumor enhancement on MRI. Mice were imaged by MRI and in vivo T1 maps acquired 50 min (T150 min) after injection of 0.05 mmol/kg Gd-LC7-SH (i.v.) at baseline and 1, 24, and 72 h post-treatment with 10 mg/kg RRx-001 (i.v.). Consistent with an indirect thiol-modifying activity of RRx-001, tumor T150 min at 1 h post-drug was significantly longer than pre-drug tumor T150 min in all three tumor models, with the T150 min remaining significantly longer than baseline through 72 h post-drug in the HT-29 and PANC-1 tumors. The T150 min of CHP-100 tumors recovered to baseline by 24 h post-drug, suggesting a robust anti-oxidant response to the RRx-001 challenge that was presaged by a marked increase in perfusion at 1 h post-drug measured by DCE-MRI. MRI enhanced with Gd-LC7-SH provides a mechanistically rational biomarker of RRx-001 pharmacodynamics.
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16
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Nishida T, Hattori K, Watanabe K. The regulatory and signaling mechanisms of the ASK family. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 66:2-22. [PMID: 28669716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) was identified as a MAP3K that activates the JNK and p38 pathways, and subsequent studies have reported ASK2 and ASK3 as members of the ASK family. The ASK family is activated by various intrinsic and extrinsic stresses, including oxidative stress, ER stress and osmotic stress. Numerous lines of evidence have revealed that members of the ASK family are critical for signal transduction systems to control a wide range of stress responses such as cell death, differentiation and cytokine induction. In this review, we focus on the precise signaling mechanisms of the ASK family in response to diverse stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Nishida
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hattori
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kengo Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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