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Zhao Y, Wang X, Zhao F, Yang B, Tian Y, Li J. Outcomes of retrograde ureteroscopy in Chinese infants and toddlers under 3 years old with ureteric stones from a single center. J Pediatr Urol 2023:S1477-5131(23)00557-0. [PMID: 38142138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric urolithiasis is a less common disease with a steadily increasing incidence of 10.6 % per year. The comprehensive management of pediatric urolithiasis is more challenging than in adults, and published studies of endourological treatment in children have small sample sizes and older mean ages, which may not be representative of the overall pediatric population, especially in infants and toddlers. This study aimed to report results of retrograde ureteroscopy for treating pediatric ureteral stones in infants and toddlers (<3 years) from a single center in China. METHODS Demographic and surgical data of infants and toddlers with ureteral stones who underwent retrograde URS were retrospectively analyzed from January 2015 to September 2022. RESULTS The mean age of 100 infants (73 boys and 27 girls) was 19.6 ± 7.6 months and stone burden was 0.27 (0.11-0.52) cm³. 111 procedures were performed for all children due to 11 patients with bilateral ureteric stones were simultaneously treated. Among them, 70.3 % were semi-rigid URS, 12.6 % were Micro-URS and 17.1 % were flexible URS. SFR was up to 96 %, the median operation time and hospitalization days were 35.0 (25.0-50.0) minutes and 6.0 (5.0-6.0) days, respectively. 15 (15.0 %) infants had postoperative fever (Grade I), and complications above grade I were not observed. DISCUSSIONS This research reported the largest sample size of infant and toddler ureteric stones (under 3 years old) and shared optimal management strategies for these special populations. Compared to other related studies, we had a higher SFR due to diverse management strategies and reasonable application of pre-operative ureteric stents. The most important potential reason why our complication rate was relatively higher might be the younger population under 3 years old. In additionally, the reason of long hospitalization was maybe some patients underwent staged surgeries during one hospitalization. Those results indicated the robust effectiveness of URS for infants. This study has limitations, including its retrospective single-center design, absence of long-term follow-up data, and potential variability in surgical outcomes due to differences in surgeons' experience. CONCLUSIONS The experience of endourologic procedures for 100 infant and toddler patients with ureteric stones from a Chinese single center was reported. And URS showed its effectiveness and safety for those special populations based on its high SFR and low complication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youquan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Fangzhou Zhao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Boyu Yang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Sinha M, Pietropaolo A, Quiroz Madarriaga Y, de Knecht EL, Bujons Tur A, Griffin S, Somani BK. Outcomes of ureteroscopy for management of stone disease in early and late childhood over a 15-year period. Ther Adv Urol 2022; 14:17562872221141775. [PMID: 36568063 PMCID: PMC9772971 DOI: 10.1177/17562872221141775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although paediatric ureteroscopy is widely performed, there is still a lack of data and outcomes in early childhood. In this two-centre study, we compared the outcomes of ureteroscopy for stone disease management in early and late childhood and provide outcomes for the same. Methods Data was retrospectively collected on consecutive patients from two tertiary paediatric endo-urology European centres over a 15-year period (2006-2021). Patients were split into two groups, namely, early childhood (age ⩽ 9 years) and late childhood (age 9 to ⩽16 years). Outcomes including stone-free rate (SFR) and complications were compared between these two groups. Results A total of 148 patients underwent 184 procedures (1.2 procedure/patient) during the study period (66 in early childhood and 82 in late childhood). The mean age in early and late childhood groups were 5.6 and 13.3 years, and a male: female ratio of 1.6:1 and 1.1:1, respectively. The SFR and complications in early and late childhood groups were 87.8% and 90.2% (p = 0.64) and 5.7% and 4.1%, respectively. Conclusion Paediatric ureteroscopy and laser stone fragmentation achieves good results in both early and late childhood with comparable SFRs, although the complications and need for second procedure were marginally higher in the early childhood group. Our study would set up a new benchmark for patient counselling in future, and perhaps this needs to be reflected in the paediatric urolithiasis guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mriganka Sinha
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Anna Bujons Tur
- Pediatric Urology Unit, Urology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
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Nerli RB, Sharma M, Gupta P, Adhikari P, Bidi S, Ghagane SC. Therapeutic ureteroscopy for urolithiasis in children younger than 60 months of age. Pediatr Surg Int 2021; 37:145-150. [PMID: 33170363 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-020-04777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The management of urinary tract calculi has evolved dramatically in children with the development of smaller and more durable endoscopic equipment. The indications for therapeutic ureteroscopy in children have significantly expanded with the availability of smaller caliber endoscopes and Holmium:YAG laser. In this paper, we review our experience of the management of urolithiasis and report outcomes of therapeutic ureterorenoscopy (URS) in children younger than 60 months. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the inpatient, outpatient records, and imaging data of our hospital, of all children ≤ 60 months of age undergoing URS for the treatment of urinary stones. RESULTS During the study period; 77 children, mostly male (70.1%) presenting with a single calculus and a mean age of 28.97 ± 2.44 months underwent therapeutic URS. A majority of children (71.4%) had lower or mid-ureteric calculi. Pre URS double J (DJ) stenting was necessary for 21 (27.2%) children. A total of 24 (31.1%) children needed ureteric dilatation before the ureteroscopy. Post URS DJ stenting was necessary in 41 (53.2%) children. Stents were retrieved within 10 days of the procedure. Stone clearance rate following a single-stage URS procedure was 94.8%, and 4 (5.2%) children needed additional shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) to achieve stone clearance. Overall complication rate including hematuria and fever was 12.9% (10 patients). CONCLUSION Therapeutic ureterorenoscopy in the management of ureteric and selective renal pelvic calculi is safe and effective. It can be considered as the first-line therapy in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra B Nerli
- Department of Urology, JN Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed-to-be-University), JNMC Campus, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India.
| | - Manas Sharma
- Department of Urology, JN Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed-to-be-University), JNMC Campus, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Pulkit Gupta
- Department of Urology, JN Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed-to-be-University), JNMC Campus, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyabrata Adhikari
- Department of Urology, JN Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed-to-be-University), JNMC Campus, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Saziya Bidi
- Department of Urology, Urinary Biomarker Research Centre, KLES Kidney Foundation, KLES Dr, Prabhakar Kore Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Shridhar C Ghagane
- Department of Urology, Urinary Biomarker Research Centre, KLES Kidney Foundation, KLES Dr, Prabhakar Kore Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
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Halinski A, Steyaert H, Wojciech M, Sobolewski B, Haliński A. Endourology Methods in Pediatric Population for Kidney Stones Located in Lower Calyx: FlexURS vs. Micro PCNL (MicroPERC®). Front Pediatr 2021; 9:640995. [PMID: 34095024 PMCID: PMC8175969 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.640995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease in children is always a therapeutic challenge. It is a multifactorial condition and it should be approached, diagnosed and treated as such. One of the biggest challenges is kidney stones located in the lower renal calyx. There are currently three main surgical techniques to treat this condition: ESWL-Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy, RIRS-Retrograde IntraRenal Surgery, and PCNL-PerCutaneous Nephro-Lithotripsy. In pediatric population, the most frequently used method is ESWL, and in the event of failure, endoscopic procedures are the second-best choice. In this article, a sample of 53 children admitted to a tertiary medical center was examined. Thirty-eight of those children underwent flexible URS, while the remaining 15-micro PCNL. The average size of the deposit in the former group was 12.2 mm, against 13.5 mm in the latter. The full Stone Free Rate (SFR) was achieved in RIRS at 84.21 and 86.7% in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Flexible ureterorenoscopy and MicroPERC are two comparably effective methods for treating lower calyx stones of any size. However, according to our data, flexible ureterorenoscopy carries a lower risk of complications and inpatient care (with the mean of 3 days). The learning curve for these procedures in pediatric urology is long and relies on a limited number of patients. The number of pediatric patients qualifying for these procedures is restricted also due to the high efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in pediatric population. Radiation exposure is an important factor in every endoscopy procedure and should never exceed the limits set in the ALARA protocol. ESWL remains to this day the treatment of choice for stone disease in children and can be performed under ultrasound control. For many parents, it is a first-choice treatment preference for their child due to its greater apparent safety, although data on this remains insufficient. Prospective, randomized, multicenter trials are definitely needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Halinski
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Private Medical Center "Klinika Wisniowa", Zielona Góra, Poland.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Henri Steyaert
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Wojciech
- Department of Mathematical Statistics and Econometrics, Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Econometrics, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Sobolewski
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Private Medical Center "Klinika Wisniowa", Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Andrzej Haliński
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Private Medical Center "Klinika Wisniowa", Zielona Góra, Poland
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Arkusz K, Pasik K, Halinski A, Halinski A. Surface analysis of ureteral stent before and after implantation in the bodies of child patients. Urolithiasis 2020; 49:83-92. [PMID: 32909098 PMCID: PMC7867540 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-020-01211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine which part of a double-J ureteral stent (DJ stents) showed the highest tendency to crystal, calculi, and biofilm deposition after ureterorenoscopic-lithotripsy procedure (URS-L) to treat calcium oxalate stones. Additionally, the mechanical strength and the stiffness of DJ stents were evaluated before and after exposure to urine. Obtained results indicated that the proximal (renal pelvis) and distal (urinary bladder) part is the most susceptible for post-URS-L fragments and urea salt deposition. Both, the outer and inner surfaces of the DJ ureteral stents were completely covered even after 7 days of implantation. Encrustation of DJ stents during a 31-day period results in reducing the Young’s modulus by 27–30%, which confirms the loss of DJ stent elasticity and increased probability of cracks or interruption. Performed analysis pointed to the need to use an antibacterial coating in the above-mentioned part of the ureteral stent to prolong its usage time and to prevent urinary tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Arkusz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, 9 Licealna Street, 65-417, Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Kamila Pasik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, 9 Licealna Street, 65-417, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Andrzej Halinski
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Cherry Clinic, Anieli Krzywon 2 Street, 65-534, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Adam Halinski
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Cherry Clinic, Anieli Krzywon 2 Street, 65-534, Zielona Gora, Poland
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