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Boeselt T, Terhorst P, Kroenig J, Nell C, Spielmanns M, Boas U, Veith M, Vogelmeier C, Greulich T, Koczulla AR, Beutel B, Huber J, Heers H. Specific molecular peak analysis by ion mobility spectrometry of volatile organic compounds in urine of COVID-19 patients: A novel diagnostic approach. J Virol Methods 2024; 326:114910. [PMID: 38452823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 is usually diagnosed from naso-/oropharyngeal swabs which are uncomfortable and prone to false results. This study investigated a novel diagnostic approach to Covid-19 measuring volatile organic compounds (VOC) from patients' urine. METHODS Between June 2020 and February 2021, 84 patients with positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 were recruited as well as 54 symptomatic individuals with negative RT-PCR. Midstream urine samples were obtained for VOC analysis using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) which detects individual molecular components of a gas sample based on their size, configuration, and charge after ionization. RESULTS Peak analysis of the 84 Covid and 54 control samples showed good group separation. In total, 37 individual specific peaks were identified, 5 of which (P134, 198, 135, 75, 136) accounted for significant differences between groups, resulting in sensitivities of 89-94% and specificities of 82-94%. A decision tree was generated from the relevant peaks, leading to a combined sensitivity and specificity of 98% each. DISCUSSION VOC-based diagnosis can establish a reliable separation between urine samples of Covid-19 patients and negative controls. Molecular peaks which apparently are disease-specific were identified. IMS is an additional non-invasive and cheap device for the diagnosis of this ongoing endemic infection. Further studies are needed to validate sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boeselt
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - P Terhorst
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - J Kroenig
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - C Nell
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - M Spielmanns
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Zuercher Reha Zentren Klinik Wald, Switzerland; Faculty of Health, Department of Pneumology, University of Witten, Herdecke, Germany
| | - U Boas
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - M Veith
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - C Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - T Greulich
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - A R Koczulla
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Department of Pulmonology, Schoen-Kliniken Berchtesgaden, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - B Beutel
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - J Huber
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - H Heers
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany.
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Bous M, Tutdibi E, Nourkami-Tutdibi N, Kaiser E, Stutz R, Meyer S, Baumbach JI, Zemlin M, Goedicke-Fritz S. Patterns of volatile organic compounds in excrements of preterm neonates. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13868. [PMID: 36062918 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As neonates are susceptible for many diseases, establishing noninvasive diagnostic methods is desirable. We hypothesized that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could be successfully measured in diaper samples. METHODS We performed a feasibility study to investigate whether ambient air-independent headspace measurements of the VOC profiles of diapers from premature infants can be conducted using ion mobility spectrometer coupled with multi-capillary columns (B & S Analytik GmbH). RESULTS We analysed 39 diapers filled with stool (n = 10) or urine (n = 20) respectively, using empty diapers as a control (n = 9). A total of 158 different VOCs were identified, and we classified the content of the diapers (urine or stool) according to their VOC profiles with a significance level of p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a novel method to study headspace VOC profiles of biosamples using ion mobility spectrometry coupled with multi-capillary columns. Using this method, we have characterized the VOC profiles of stool and urine of preterm neonates. Future studies are warranted to characterize specific VOC profiles in infections and other diseases of the preterm neonate, thus establishing quick and noninvasive diagnostics in the routine care of the highly vulnerable preterm and term neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bous
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Erol Tutdibi
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nasenien Nourkami-Tutdibi
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaiser
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Regine Stutz
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Meyer
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Ingo Baumbach
- Department Bio- and Chemical Engineering, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sybelle Goedicke-Fritz
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
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Ronde E, Frerichs NM, Brantenaar S, El Manouni El Hassani S, Wicaksono AN, Covington JA, De Boer NKH, De Meij TG, Hankemeier T, Reiss IKM, Schoenmakers S. Detection of spontaneous preterm birth by maternal urinary volatile organic compound analysis: A prospective cohort study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1063248. [PMID: 36578660 PMCID: PMC9791099 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1063248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate prediction of preterm birth is currently challenging, resulting in unnecessary maternal hospital admittance and fetal overexposure to antenatal corticosteroids. Novel biomarkers like volatile organic compounds (VOCs) hold potential for predictive, bed-side clinical applicability. In a proof of principle study, we aimed to assess the predictive potential of urinary volatile organic compounds in the identification of pregnant women at risk for preterm birth. Urine samples of women with a high risk for preterm birth (≧24 + 0 until 36 + 6 weeks) were collected prospectively and analyzed for VOCs using gas chromatography coupled with an ion mobility spectrometer (GS-IMS). Urinary VOCs of women delivering preterm were compared with urine samples of women with suspicion of preterm birth collected at the same gestation period but delivering at term. Additionally, the results were also interpreted in combination with patient characteristics, such as physical examination at admission, microbial cultures, and placental pathology. In our cohort, we found that urinary VOCs of women admitted for imminent preterm birth were not significantly different in the overall group of women delivering preterm vs. term. However, urinary VOCs of women admitted for imminent preterm birth and delivering between 28 + 0 until 36 + 6 weeks compared to women with a high risk for preterm birth during the same gestation period and eventually delivering at term (>37 + 0 weeks) differed significantly (area under the curve: 0.70). In addition, based on the same urinary VOCs, we could identify women with a confirmed chorioamnionitis (area under the curve: 0.72) and urinary tract infection (area under the curve: 0.97). In conclusion, urinary VOCs hold potential for non-invasive, bedside prediction of preterm birth and on the spot identification of intra-uterine infection and urinary tract infections. We suggest these observations are further explored in larger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ronde
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nina M Frerichs
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shauni Brantenaar
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - James A Covington
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nanne K H De Boer
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim G De Meij
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Irwin K M Reiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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