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Kumari N, Kumar M, Chaudhary N, Zhang B, Radha, Chandran D, Joshi S, Singh D, Dey A, Rajalingam S, Natarajan K, Muthukumar M, Mohankumar P, Sheri V, Dhumal S, Lorenzo JM. Exploring the Chemical and Biological Potential of Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) Leaves: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300479. [PMID: 37667613 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of jamun collected as agro by-produce during the cultivation of jamun is traditionally used as ayurvedic medicine to treat diabetes, gall bladder stones and other ailments. Most of the beneficial effects of jamun leaves are associated with phytochemicals found in jamun leaves such as gallic acid, tannins, mallic acid, flavonoids, essential oils, jambolin, ellagic acid, jambosine, antimellin and betulinic acid. Jamun possess curative activities like anticancer, antidiabetic, antifertility, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antiradiation, chemotherapeutic, and gastroprotective. The main goal of this review article is to provide information on the nutritional content, phytochemical composition and health promoting properties of jamun leaves. The review of literature based on the phytochemical composition and health promoting benefits of the jamun leaves, suggests that leaves can be used as potential constituent in the formulation of pharmacological drugs. From the review literature it is found that clinical, in-vivo, in-vitro studies are still required to check the health promoting effects of jamun leaves extracts on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumari
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA
| | - Nisha Chaudhary
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Nagaur, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 341001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Kerala, Palakkad, 679335, India
| | - Shourabh Joshi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 342304, India
| | - Daljeet Singh
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Sureshkumar Rajalingam
- Department of Agronomy, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, 642109, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnaprabu Natarajan
- Department of Agronomy, VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthamilselvan Muthukumar
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, 603201, India
| | - Pran Mohankumar
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, India
| | - Vijay Sheri
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, 27858, USA
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n○ 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
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Rizvi MK, Rabail R, Munir S, Inam-Ur-Raheem M, Qayyum MMN, Kieliszek M, Hassoun A, Aadil RM. Astounding Health Benefits of Jamun ( Syzygium cumini) toward Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2022; 27:7184. [PMID: 36364010 PMCID: PMC9654918 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini, also called Jamun, or black plum, is an excellent source of bioactive components such as flavonoids, polyphenols, antioxidants, iron, and vitamin C. The Jamun tree is a tropical evergreen blooming plant and is an important medicinal plant from the Myrtaceae family that has been used for a long time in Indian and other traditional medicines across the world. Jamun is mainly cultivated in Asian countries such as Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. Since ancient medicine, it has been utilized to treat a variety of diseases and physiological conditions. Currently, it is mostly used as a medication to treat various metabolic issues, including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, etc. Therefore, Jamun could serve a beneficial role against metabolic syndrome (MS). In this work, the latest available scientific literature on Jamun was collected and the clinical trials investigating its effect on diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia were analyzed to find out how Jamun could improve the symptoms and biomarkers of MS. Overall, the results of this study found a significant association of Jamun with the prevention and treatment of these biomarkers of MS. In many studies, Jamun showed pharmacological modifications not only in MS but in many other diseases as well. Currently, its utilization as a folk medicine for the treatment of patients with MS is widely acknowledged. Hence, the findings of a large number of clinical studies confirmed the ameliorating effects of Jamun against MS due to its antioxidation, antidiabetic, anti-inflammation anticarcinogenic, and hyperlipidemic effects. More research is still needed to determine and identify the Jamun compounds and to elucidate their mechanisms of action that are responsible for these astounding bioactive properties and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khalid Rizvi
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Roshina Rabail
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Seemal Munir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Inam-Ur-Raheem
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mir Muhammad Nasir Qayyum
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University Gilgit Baltistan, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia , F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), F-62000 Arras, France
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Amir Rawa MS, Mazlan MKN, Ahmad R, Nogawa T, Wahab HA. Roles of Syzygium in Anti-Cholinesterase, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant: From Alzheimer's Perspective. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1476. [PMID: 35684249 PMCID: PMC9183156 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes progressive memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. It is triggered by multifaceted burdens such as cholinergic toxicity, insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Syzygium plants are ethnomedicinally used in treating inflammation, diabetes, as well as memory impairment. They are rich in antioxidant phenolic compounds, which can be multi-target neuroprotective agents against AD. This review attempts to review the pharmacological importance of the Syzygium genus in neuroprotection, focusing on anti-cholinesterase, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Articles published in bibliographic databases within recent years relevant to neuroprotection were reviewed. About 10 species were examined for their anti-cholinesterase capacity. Most studies were conducted in the form of extracts rather than compounds. Syzygium aromaticum (particularly its essential oil and eugenol component) represents the most studied species owing to its economic significance in food and therapy. The molecular mechanisms of Syzygium species in neuroprotection include the inhibition of AChE to correct cholinergic transmission, suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers, RIS production, enhancement of antioxidant enzymes, the restoration of brain ions homeostasis, the inhibition of microglial invasion, the modulation of ß-cell insulin release, the enhancement of lipid accumulation, glucose uptake, and adiponectin secretion via the activation of the insulin signaling pathway. Additional efforts are warranted to explore less studied species, including the Australian and Western Syzygium species. The effectiveness of the Syzygium genus in neuroprotective responses is markedly established, but further compound isolation, in silico, and clinical studies are demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Syahfriena Amir Rawa
- Collaborative Laboratory of Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia; (M.S.A.R.); (M.K.N.M.); (R.A.)
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Khairul Nizam Mazlan
- Collaborative Laboratory of Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia; (M.S.A.R.); (M.K.N.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosliza Ahmad
- Collaborative Laboratory of Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia; (M.S.A.R.); (M.K.N.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia;
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Technology Platform Division, 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- Collaborative Laboratory of Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia; (M.S.A.R.); (M.K.N.M.); (R.A.)
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia;
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Singh D, Sharma S, Choudhary M, Kaur P, Budhwar V. Role of Plant Derived Products Through Exhilarating Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-γ (ppar-γ) in the Amelioration of Obesity Induced Insulin Resistance. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220217111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Insulin resistance is an elemental facet of the etiology of diabetes mellitus and the principal relating factor between obesity and diabetes. Oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, inflammation and receptor dysfunction are the underlying determinants of insulin resistance commencement in metabolic illnesses. ppar-γ is a nuclear transcription factor whose activation or inhibition directly influences insulin resistance and controls glucose and lipid homeostasis by modulating gene expression. Synthetic ligands of ppar-γ are therapeutically employed to counter the hyper-glycaemia associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, but they possess severe side effects. In the modern era, bioactive phytochemicals have been employed in the drug development process and a considerable investigation has recently been initiated to analyze the ppar-γ activating ability of diverse phytochemicals. In this review, we outlined the role of phytochemicals in insulin resistance treatment through ppar-γ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devender Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University-136118, Haryana, India
| | - Sachin Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University-136118, Haryana, India
| | - Manjusha Choudhary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University-136118, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhjeet Kaur
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University-136118, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Budhwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Scinces, Maharishi Dyanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
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Monfoulet LE, Ruskovska T, Ajdžanović V, Havlik J, Vauzour D, Bayram B, Krga I, Corral-Jara KF, Kistanova E, Abadjieva D, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Deligiannidou E, Kontogiorgis C, Arola-Arnal A, van Schothorst EM, Morand C, Milenkovic D. Molecular Determinants of the Cardiometabolic Improvements of Dietary Flavanols Identified by an Integrative Analysis of Nutrigenomic Data from a Systematic Review of Animal Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100227. [PMID: 34048642 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Flavanols are important polyphenols of the human diet with extensive demonstrations of their beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. They contribute to preserve health acting on a large range of cellular processes. The underlying mechanisms of action of flavanols are not fully understood but involve a nutrigenomic regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS To further capture how the intake of dietary flavanols results in the modulation of gene expression, nutrigenomics data in response to dietary flavanols obtained from animal models of cardiometabolic diseases have been collected and submitted to a bioinformatics analysis. This systematic analysis shows that dietary flavanols modulate a large range of genes mainly involved in endocrine function, fatty acid metabolism, and inflammation. Several regulators of the gene expression have been predicted and include transcription factors, miRNAs and epigenetic factors. CONCLUSION This review highlights the complex and multilevel action of dietary flavanols contributing to their strong potential to preserve cardiometabolic health. The identification of the potential molecular mediators and of the flavanol metabolites driving the nutrigenomic response in the target organs is still a pending question which the answer will contribute to optimize the beneficial health effects of dietary bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - David Vauzour
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Banu Bayram
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irena Krga
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France.,Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Elena Kistanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Abadjieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Eirini Deligiannidou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Christos Kontogiorgis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | | | - Christine Morand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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Coêlho CFF, Souza ILS, Chagas VT, Ribeiro NLX, Pinto BAS, França LM, Paes AMDA. Myricetin improves metabolic outcomes but not cognitive deficit associated to metabolic syndrome in male mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:3586-3596. [PMID: 33900338 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Myricetin is a flavonol highly prevalent in edible vegetables and fruits, with recognized hypoglycemic and anti-obesity effects, besides great antioxidant capacity. Thus, this study sought to investigate whether myricetin is able to improve metabolic and behavioral outcomes found in monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) obese mice, a model of metabolic syndrome characterized by early hyperinsulinemia associated to obesity, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, anxiety and cognitive deficit. Newborn male mice received MSG (4 mg kg-1 day-1, s.c.) on alternate days during the first 10 days of life for obesity induction, while control pups received equimolar saline solution. From postnatal day 90 to 135, MSG mice were orally treated with myricetin (50 mg kg-1 day-1) or distilled water, while control animals received vehicle. During the last week of treatment, all groups were submitted to behavioral tests: open field maze, elevated plus maze and Morris water maze. At the end of treatment, animals were euthanized for collection of liver, serum and adipose tissue fat pads. Myricetin treatment reduced the elevated serum levels of glucose and triglycerides, typically found in MSG mice, as well as restored peripheral insulin sensitivity and liver steatosis. Moreover, myricetin ameliorated the lack of thigmotaxis and exploratory behavior, but did not improve the cognitive deficit presented by MSG mice. Therefore, this study contributes to the pharmacological validation of myricetin as an affordable and healthy therapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and most of its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Fernando Ferreira Coêlho
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - Ivana Letícia Santos Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - Vinicyus Teles Chagas
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil. and Department of Morphological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Nathalee Liberal Xavier Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Araújo Serra Pinto
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil. and Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Lucas Martins França
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil. and Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil. and Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, 1966, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil
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Khazaei H, Pesce M, Patruno A, Aneva IY, Farzaei MH. Medicinal plants for diabetes associated neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1697-1718. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hosna Khazaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences University G. d'Annunzio Chieti Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences University G. d'Annunzio Chieti Italy
| | - Ina Y. Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Mohammad H. Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
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Zulcafli AS, Lim C, Ling AP, Chye S, Koh R. Antidiabetic Potential of Syzygium sp.: An Overview. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 93:307-325. [PMID: 32607091 PMCID: PMC7309675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, characterized by hyperglycemia, is one of the most significant metabolic diseases, reaching alarming pandemic proportions. It can be due to the defects in insulin action, or secretion, or both. The global prevalence of diabetes is estimated at 425 million people in 2017, and expected to rise to 629 million by 2045 due to an increasing trend of unhealthy lifestyles, physical inactivity, and obesity. Several treatment options are available to diabetics, however, some of the antidiabetic drugs result in adverse side effects such as hypoglycemia. Hence, there has been a proliferation of studies on natural products with antidiabetic effects, including plants from the Myrtaceae family, such as Psidium guajava, Eucalyptus globulus,Campomanesia xanthocarpa, and more significantly, Syzygium sp. Previous studies have shown that a number of Syzygium species had potent antidiabetic effects and were safe for consumption. This review aims to discuss the antidiabetic potential of Syzygium sp., based on in vitro and in vivo evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azrin S. Zulcafli
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chooiling Lim
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna P. Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soimoi Chye
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhunyian Koh
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hajihasani MM, Soheili V, Zirak MR, Sahebkar A, Shakeri A. Natural products as safeguards against monosodium glutamate-induced toxicity. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:416-430. [PMID: 32489556 PMCID: PMC7239414 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.43060.10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate is a sodium salt of a nonessential amino acid, L-glutamic acid, which is widely used in food industry. Glutamate plays an important role in principal brain functions including formation and stabilization of synapses, memory, cognition, learning, as well as cellular metabolism. However, ingestion of foodstuffs rich in monosodium glutamate can result in the outbreak of several health disorders such as neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, obesity and diabetes. The usage of medicinal plants and their natural products as a therapy against MSG used in food industry has been suggested to be protective. Calendula officinalis, Curcuma longa, Green Tea, Ginkgo biloba and vitamins are some of the main natural products with protective effect against mentioned monosodium glutamate toxicity through different mechanisms. This review provides a summary on the toxicity of monosodium glutamate and the protective effects of natural products against monosodium glutamate -induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Hajihasani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Soheili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zirak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shakeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Arafa ESA, Hassan W, Murtaza G, Buabeid MA. Ficus carica and Sizigium cumini Regulate Glucose and Lipid Parameters in High-Fat Diet and Streptozocin-Induced Rats. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:6745873. [PMID: 33178838 PMCID: PMC7644324 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6745873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity linked diabetes, popularly known as diabesity, has been viewed as a direct product of the modern lifestyle in both developed and developing countries, and its increased prevalence is seen as a major threat to public health globally. Ficus carica (FC) and Syzigium cumini (SC) are part of indigenous flora with traditional medicinal properties. Fresh seeds of SC fruit and fruit of FC were collected and macerated to obtain the final extract. Wistar rats were divided into seven groups fed either on a normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) along with streptozocin (STZ) to induce diabesity. The crude extract of FC (FC.Cr.) and SC (SC.Cr.) were administered at 250 mg/kg/day and 500 mg/kg/day in induced diabesity state. Body weights, blood glucose level, complete blood count (CBC), cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were recorded to analyze their effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Further, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to examine their effects on lipid peroxidation and ant oxidative enzyme. Results showed that both FC.Cr. and SC.Cr. have the potential to control obesity-linked type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by lowering the body weights, serum glucose, cholesterol, TG, LDL, and VLDL, while increasing the protective effects of HDL dose-dependently. The crude extract of both plants showed significant activity to raise SOD and curb MDA under diabetic states. It was concluded that both FC.Cr. and SC.Cr. exhibited remarkable therapeutics potential in HFD-STZ-induced diabetic rats. However, we found that the effects of SC.Cr. are relatively more pronounced as compared to FC.Cr. in almost all parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Shaimaa A. Arafa
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, UAE
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Benisuef University, Beni-suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Manal Ali Buabeid
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, UAE
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11
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Advances in Research on the Protective Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Islet β Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7526098. [PMID: 31531118 PMCID: PMC6721377 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7526098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The dysfunction and decreased number of islet β cells are central to the main pathogenesis of diabetes. Improving islet β cell function and increasing the number of β cells are effective approaches to treat diabetes and constitute the main direction of diabetes drug development. The role of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetes began to be recognized. In recent years, Chinese medicine monomers have been found to increase insulin synthesis and secretion, reduce β cell-apoptosis, and protect the function of β cells. The results of in vivo animal experiments and in vitro studies on insulinoma cells also suggested TCMs could promote the proliferation of pancreatic islet β cells and induce other cells differentiation or transdifferentiation to islet β cells. Thereby, they may play a role in the treatment of diabetes. In this paper, we will review islet β cell protection with TCMs and the related mechanisms found in recent studies. An in-depth explanation of the role of TCM in islet β cell protection can provide a theoretical basis and research ideas for the development of TCM-based diabetes treatment drugs.
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Syzygium cumini Leaf Extract Reverts Hypertriglyceridemia via Downregulation of the Hepatic XBP-1s/PDI/MTP Axis in Monosodium L-Glutamate-Induced Obese Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9417498. [PMID: 31015892 PMCID: PMC6446099 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9417498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Syzygium cumini is used worldwide for the treatment of metabolic syndrome-associated outcomes. Previously, we described the antihypertriglyceridemic effect of the hydroethanolic extract of S. cumini leaf (HESc) in monosodium L-glutamate- (MSG-) induced obese rats. This study sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antihypertriglyceridemic effect of HESc in MSG-obese rats. Newborn male Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with MSG (4.0 g/kg/day, obese group) or saline 1.25% (1.0 mL/kg/day, lean group), from 2nd through 10th postnatal day. At 8 weeks old, obese rats started to be orally treated with HESc (0.5 or 1.0 g/kg/day, n = 7) or saline 0.9% (1 mL/kg/day, n = 7). Lean rats received saline solution (1 mL/kg/day, n = 7). Upon 8-week treatment, animals were euthanized for blood and tissue collection. Another set of adult nonobese Wistar rats was used for the assessment of HESc acute effects on Triton WR1339-induced hypertriglyceridemia. HESc reduced weight gain, as well as adipose tissue fat pads, without altering food intake of obese rats. HESc restored fasting serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids, as well as insulin sensitivity, to levels similar to lean rats. Additionally, HESc halved the triglyceride content into very low-density lipoprotein particles, as well as healed liver steatosis, in obese rats. Hepatic protein expression of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP94 was decreased by HESc, which also downregulated the hepatic triglyceride secretion pathway by reducing the splicing of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1s), as well as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) translational levels. This action was further corroborated by the acute inhibitory effect of HESc on triglyceride accumulation on Triton WR1339-treated rats. Our data support the downregulation of the XBP-1s/PDI/MTP axis in the liver of MSG-obese rats as a novel feasible mechanism for the antihypertriglyceridemic effect promoted by the polyphenolic phytocomplex present in S. cumini leaf.
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Obesity: Pathophysiology, monosodium glutamate-induced model and anti-obesity medicinal plants. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:503-516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Benevides ROA, Vale CC, Fontelles JLL, França LM, Teófilo TS, Silva SN, Paes AMA, Gaspar RS. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels improves metabolic and ovarian parameters in female obese rats with malfunctioning hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:13. [PMID: 30717749 PMCID: PMC6360653 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a chronic and multifactorial disease characterized by increased adipose tissue. In females, obesity leads to reduced ovulation and lower chances of conception in diseases like polycystic ovary syndrome, making it important to characterize complementary medicine to attenuate such deleterious effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of a hydroethanolic extract from Syzigium cumini leaves in female reproductive impairments present in the obesity model of neonatal L-monosodium glutamate injection. Methods Newborn Wistar rats received saline (CTRL) or L-monosodium glutamate 4 mg/g BW (MSG). At 90 days of age, CTRL and some MSG rats received saline, while others received hydroethanolic extract of S. cumini leaves (HESc 500 mg/kg/day, MSG-Syz group) for 30 consecutive days. Estrous cycle was determined by daily vaginal washes. On days 26 and 28 of treatment, oral glucose tolerance test and blood collection were performed for biochemical assessment. At the end, animals were euthanized during estrous phase; blood was collected to measure sex hormones and organs collected for weighing and histological evaluation. Results MSG-Syz showed reduced Lee Index, retroperitoneal fat pads and restored gluco-insulin axis. Moreover, HESc treatment reduced serum cholesterol levels when compared to MSG. Treatment with HESc did not restore the oligociclicity observed in obese animals, though MSG-Syz reestablished ovarian follicle health back to CTRL levels, with proliferating primordial follicles – these effects were followed by a decrease on periovarian adipocyte area. Conclusions This is the first report to show the reversibility of the reproductive dysfunctions seen in MSG female rats through ethnopharmacological treatment. Moreover, it expands the use of HESc as a prominent tool to treat metabolic and reproductive disorders. Finally, we provide novel evidence that, without a functioning hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads axis, metabolic improvement is ineffective for estrous cyclicity, but critical for ovarian follicle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O A Benevides
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - C C Vale
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - J L L Fontelles
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - L M França
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - T S Teófilo
- Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - S N Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - A M A Paes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - R S Gaspar
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. .,Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Reading, UK.
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Protective Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Leaf on Oxidative Stress-Induced Diabetic Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5386079. [PMID: 30046378 PMCID: PMC6038589 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5386079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and cardiometabolic activities due to its high content of polyphenols. We characterized the chemical composition and assessed the antidiabetic effects of a novel polyphenol-rich extract (PESc) obtained from S. cumini leaf. Rats were injected with alloxan (150 mg/kg, ip, ALX group) and followed up for 7 days. Some were orally treated with PESc (50 mg/kg/day) for 7 days before and after diabetes induction (ALX-PP) or only for 7 days after alloxan injection (ALX-P). ALX-P and ALX-PP decreased fasting glycemia in 37 and 43%, respectively, as compared to ALX. Triglycerides and total cholesterol serum levels were also significantly reduced in comparison to ALX. PESc presented high polyphenol concentration (71.78 ± 8.57 GAE/100 g), with flavonoid content of 8.21 ± 0.42 QE/100 g. Upon HPLC-MS/MS and MS/MS studies, five main polyphenols-gallic acid, quercetin, myricetin, and its derivatives-were identified. Myricetin was predominant (192.70 ± 16.50 μg/mg PESc), followed by measurable amounts of gallic acid (11.15 ± 0.90 μg/mg PESc) and quercetin (4.72 ± 0.06 μg/mg PESc). Kinetic assessment of total antioxidant capacity revealed PESc high potency, since maximum response was reached within 5 min reaction time in a concentration-dependent manner. Specific antioxidant activity of PESc was assessed against both DPPH• and ABTS•+, showing strong activity (IC50: 3.88 ± 1.09 and 5.98 ± 1.19 μg/mL, resp.). PESc also inhibited lipoxygenase activity (IC50: 27.63 ± 8.47), confirming its antioxidant activity also on biologically relevant radicals. Finally, PESc induced insulin secretion by directly stimulating INS-1E β cells in the absence of any cytotoxic effect. Overall, our results support that PESc is a potent antioxidant phytocomplex with potential pharmacological use as a preventive antidiabetic natural product.
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Dametto AC, Agustoni D, Moreira TF, Plaza CV, Prieto AM, Silva TG, Souza FO, Boralle N, Maria Sorbo J, Silva DH, Soares CP. Chemical composition and in vitro chemoprevention assessment of Eugenia jambolana Lam. (Myrtaceae) fruits and leaves. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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17
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Ulla A, Alam MA, Sikder B, Sumi FA, Rahman MM, Habib ZF, Mohammed MK, Subhan N, Hossain H, Reza HM. Supplementation of Syzygium cumini seed powder prevented obesity, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in high carbohydrate high fat diet induced obese rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:289. [PMID: 28578702 PMCID: PMC5455177 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity and related complications have now became epidemic both in developed and developing countries. Cafeteria type diet mainly composed of high fat high carbohydrate components which plays a significant role in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study investigated the effect of Syzygium cumini seed powder on fat accumulation and dyslipidemia in high carbohydrate high fat diet (HCHF) induced obese rats. Method Male Wistar rats were fed with HCHF diet ad libitum, and the rats on HCHF diet were supplemented with Syzygium cumini seed powder for 56 days (2.5% w/w of diet). Oral glucose tolerance test, lipid parameters, liver marker enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) and lipid peroxidation products were analyzed at the end of 56 days. Moreover, antioxidant enzyme activities were also measured in all groups of rats. Results Supplementation with Syzygium cumini seed powder significantly reduced body weight gain, white adipose tissue (WAT) weights, blood glucose, serum insulin, and plasma lipids such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL concentration. Syzygium cumini seed powder supplementation in HCHF rats improved serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. Syzygium cumini seed powder supplementation also reduced the hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and elevated the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as increased glutathione (GSH) concentration. In addition, histological assessment showed that Syzygium cumini seed powder supplementation prevented inflammatory cell infiltration; fatty droplet deposition and fibrosis in liver of HCHFD fed rats. Conclusion Our investigation suggests that Syzygium cumini seed powder supplementation prevents oxidative stress and showed anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activity in liver of HCHF diet fed rats. In addition, Syzygium cumini seed powder may be beneficial in ameliorating insulin resistance and dyslipidemia probably by increasing lipid metabolism in liver of HCHF diet fed rats.
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Bhanumathi R, Vimala K, Shanthi K, Thangaraj R, Kannan S. Bioformulation of silver nanoparticles as berberine carrier cum anticancer agent against breast cancer. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the bioformulation of AgNPs as a carrier for berberine and tests whether biogenic AgNPs elicit anticancer activity against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Bhanumathi
- Division of Cancer Nanomedicine
- Department of Zoology
- Periyar University
- Salem-636 011
- India
| | - Karuppaiya Vimala
- Division of Cancer Nanomedicine
- Department of Zoology
- Periyar University
- Salem-636 011
- India
| | | | - Ramasundaram Thangaraj
- Division of Cancer Nanomedicine
- Department of Zoology
- Periyar University
- Salem-636 011
- India
| | - Soundarapandian Kannan
- Division of Cancer Nanomedicine
- Department of Zoology
- Periyar University
- Salem-636 011
- India
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