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Eckardt H, Bless N, Heijnen I, Morgenstern M, Nehring J, Kieninger-Gräfitsch A, Bouchenaki M, Durandin V, Purschke S, Schmidt I, Kouba LP, Trendelenburg M, Potlukova E. Major low-energy trauma results in non-specific immunoglobulin generation without evidence for specific autoantibody production: A prospective cohort study. Scand J Immunol 2024:e13368. [PMID: 38527944 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Cellular debris resulting from large trauma might overwhelm the scavenger mechanisms and lead to autoimmune reactions. We analysed whether a major well-defined trauma in humans induces laboratory signs of transient autoimmunity in the months after the insult. We included 50 patients with pertrochanteric femur fracture undergoing intramedullary nail osteosynthesis in a prospective cohort study and followed them at 3-4 days, 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 12 months postoperatively. By standard techniques, we assessed levels of total immunoglobulins, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-cardiolipin antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies and anti-C1q antibodies, as well as antibodies against cytomegalovirus (CMV) as a control. Blood leukocyte differential and lymphocyte subpopulations were determined at baseline and in the first two postoperative samples. The mean age of the patients reached 80.1 years, and 23 (46%) completed all visits. Serum concentrations of total IgG, IgM and IgA increased at all follow-up time points. The ANA fluorescence light intensity units increased at 12 weeks and 12 months postoperatively (p < 0.0001), but the proportion of ANA-positive patients did not change (35%). The values of anti-C1q mildly increased at all follow-up visits, but not the ratio to total IgG. Anti-dsDNA remained negative in all patients, and anti-cardiolipin IgG/IgM antibodies did not change. Anti-CMV IgG antibodies increased significantly at all follow-up visits, without change in the ratio to total IgG. Flow cytometry showed an increased proportion of B-cells 3-4 days postoperatively. In conclusion, major musculoskeletal trauma in elderly patients induces a generalized non-specific increase in immunoglobulin production without laboratory signs for enhanced systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Eckardt
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bless
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Emergency Center of the University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar Heijnen
- Division of Medical Immunology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Morgenstern
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josephine Nehring
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Center of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | | | - Martine Bouchenaki
- Division of Medical Immunology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Durandin
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silke Purschke
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ina Schmidt
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marten Trendelenburg
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eliska Potlukova
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Center of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Li Y, Zhang X, Tong R, Xu Q, Zhang N, Liao Q, Pan L. Mechanisms of ammonotelism, epithelium damage, cellular apoptosis, and proliferation in gill of Litopenaeus vannamei under NH 4Cl exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:15153-15171. [PMID: 38289553 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Excessive ammonia-N in coastal environment and aquaculture threatens the health of marine organisms. To explore the mechanism of gill damage induced by ammonia-N, transcriptome of Litopenaeus vannamei 's gill was carried out under 20 mg/L NH4Cl for 0, 6, and 48 h. K-means clustering analysis suggested that ammonia excretion and metabolism-related genes were elevated. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that glycosyltransferase activity and amino acid metabolism were affected by ammonia. Moreover, histological observation via three staining methods gave clues on the changes of gill after ammonia-N exposure. Increased mucus, hemocyte infiltration, and lifting of the lamellar epithelium suggested that gill epithelium was suffering damage under ammonia-N stress. Meanwhile, the composition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue changed. Based on the findings of transcriptomic and histological analysis, we further investigated the molecular mechanism of gill damage under multiple concentrations of NH4Cl (0, 2, 10, 20 mg/L) for multiple timepoints (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h). First, ammonia excretion was elevated via ion channel, transporter, and exocytosis pathways, but hemolymph ammonia still kept at a high level under 20 mg/L NH4Cl exposure. Second, we focused on glycosaminoglycan metabolism which was related to the dynamics of ECM. It turned out that the degradation and biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate (CS) were elevated, suggesting that the structure of CS might be destructed under ammonia-N stress and CS played an important role in maintaining gill structure. It was enlightening that the destructions occurred in extracellular regions were vital to gill damage. Third, ammonia-N stress induced a series of cellular responses including enhanced apoptosis, active inflammation, and inhibited proliferation which were closely linked and jointly led to the impairment of gill. Our results provided some insights into the physiological changes induced by ammonia-N and enriched the understandings of gill damage under environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Miller ZA, Mueller A, Kim T, Jolivert JF, Ma RZ, Muthuswami S, Park A, McMahon DB, Nead KT, Carey RM, Lee RJ. Lidocaine induces apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through activation of bitter taste receptor T2R14. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113437. [PMID: 37995679 PMCID: PMC10842818 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) have high mortality and significant treatment-related morbidity. It is vital to discover effective, minimally invasive therapies that improve survival and quality of life. Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are expressed in HNSCCs, and T2R activation can induce apoptosis. Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that also activates bitter taste receptor 14 (T2R14). Lidocaine has some anti-cancer effects, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we find that lidocaine causes intracellular Ca2+ mobilization through activation of T2R14 in HNSCC cells. T2R14 activation with lidocaine depolarizes mitochondria, inhibits proliferation, and induces apoptosis. Concomitant with mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, ROS production causes T2R14-dependent accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins, suggesting that proteasome inhibition contributes to T2R14-induced apoptosis. Lidocaine may have therapeutic potential in HNSCCs as a topical gel or intratumor injection. In addition, we find that HPV-associated (HPV+) HNSCCs are associated with increased TAS2R14 expression. Lidocaine treatment may benefit these patients, warranting future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey A Miller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arielle Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - TaeBeom Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer F Jolivert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ray Z Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sahil Muthuswami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - April Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Derek B McMahon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin T Nead
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ryan M Carey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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4
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Reinertsen AF, Libreros S, Nshimiyimana R, Serhan CN, Hansen TV. Metabolization of Resolvin E4 by ω-Oxidation in Human Neutrophils: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 20-Hydroxy-Resolvin E4 (20-OH-RvE4). ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1898-1908. [PMID: 38093843 PMCID: PMC10714428 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Resolvin E4 (RvE4) belongs to the resolvin family of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). The resolvins are endogenously formed mediators with both potent pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory biological activities and have attracted considerable attention in both inflammation research and drug discovery. Hence, further metabolism of the resolvins is of interest. Gaining knowledge about the structure-function of further metabolites of the resolvins is important due to their interest in drug-discovery efforts. For the first time, the total synthesis and biological evaluations of the ω-20 hydroxylated metabolite of RvE4, named herein 20-OH-RvE4, are presented. RvE4 was converted to 20-OH-RvE4 by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. LC-MS/MS analysis and UV spectrophotometry reveal that the synthetic 20-OH-RvE4 matched RvE4-converted product 20-OH-RvE4 by human neutrophils. Cellular studies have revealed that RvE4 is formed from eicosapentaenoic acid in physiologic hypoxia by human neutrophils and macrophages, and we herein established that 20-OH-RvE4 is a secondary metabolite formed by the ω-oxidation of RvE4 in human neutrophils. A direct comparison of the biological actions between RvE4 and its metabolic product suggested that 20-OH-RvE4 displayed reduced bioactions in stimulating the efferocytosis of human senescent erythrocytes by human M2-like macrophages. At concentrations down to 0.1 nM, RvE4 increased macrophage erythrophagocytosis, an important pro-resolving function that was diminished due to metabolic transformation. The results provided herein contribute to a novel molecular insight on the further local metabolization of RvE4, the newest member among the SPM superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Føreid Reinertsen
- Department
of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephania Libreros
- Center
for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of
Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Robert Nshimiyimana
- Center
for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of
Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Charles Nicholas Serhan
- Center
for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of
Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Department
of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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5
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Wu MY, Ge YJ, Wang EJ, Liao QW, Ren ZY, Yu Y, Zhu G, Liu CP, Zhang MN, Su H, Shen HM, Chen Y, Wang L, Wang YT, Li M, Bian Z, Chai J, Ye RD, Lu JH. Enhancement of efferocytosis through biased FPR2 signaling attenuates intestinal inflammation. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17815. [PMID: 37994307 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient clearance of dying cells (efferocytosis) is an evolutionarily conserved process for tissue homeostasis. Genetic enhancement of efferocytosis exhibits therapeutic potential for inflammation resolution and tissue repair. However, pharmacological approaches to enhance efferocytosis remain sparse due to a lack of targets for modulation. Here, we report the identification of columbamine (COL) which enhances macrophage-mediated efferocytosis and attenuates intestinal inflammation in a murine colitis model. COL enhances efferocytosis by promoting LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), a non-canonical form of autophagy. Transcriptome analysis and pharmacological characterization revealed that COL is a biased agonist that occupies a part of the ligand binding pocket of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), a G-protein coupled receptor involved in inflammation regulation. Genetic ablation of the Fpr2 gene or treatment with an FPR2 antagonist abolishes COL-induced efferocytosis, anti-colitis activity and LAP. Taken together, our study identifies FPR2 as a potential target for modulating LC3-associated efferocytosis to alleviate intestinal inflammation and highlights the therapeutic value of COL, a natural and biased agonist of FPR2, in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yun-Jun Ge
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Er-Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Qi-Wen Liao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chun-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Meng-Ni Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Integrative Microecology Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hongkong SAR, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hongkong SAR, China
| | - Jin Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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6
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Suwatthee T, Kerr D, Maltseva S, Dulberger CL, Hwang LH, Slaw BR, Bu W, Lin B, Adams EJ, Lee KYC. MFG-E8: a model of multiple binding modes associated with ps-binding proteins. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:114. [PMID: 37999806 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-binding proteins often associate with lipid membranes through a singular binding interface which is generally modeled as a two-state system: bound or unbound. However, even a single interface can engage with more than one mode of binding since a variety of interactions can contribute to the binding event. Unfortunately, the ability to clearly delineate the different binding modes of a singular binding interface has been elusive with existing models. Here, we present a study on milk fat globule EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8), which belongs to a class of proteins that identifies and binds phosphatidylserine (PS). These proteins detect membrane dysregulation implicated in exposed PS in apoptosis and malignant cells. In order to elucidate the factors affecting the binding of MFG-E8, we used a model system consisting of a series of lipid vesicles with varying PS mole fraction to identify the sensitivity of MFG-E8's binding affinity to changes in electrostatics using a tryptophan fluorescence spectral shift assay. Using a newly developed model, we experimentally identified three binding modes, each associated with a different number of PS lipids, with its cooperativity for binding being enhanced by the availability of negatively charged lipids. X-ray reflectivity experiments additionally suggest that MFG-E8's binding modes are influenced by membrane packing. The protocols established for elucidating MFG-E8's interaction with lipid membranes under different membrane conditions can be applied to the study of other membrane-binding proteins that target specific membrane attributes, such as fluidity and electrostatics, and help elucidate these membrane targeting mechanisms and their subsequent binding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Suwatthee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sofiya Maltseva
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles L Dulberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Benjamin R Slaw
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Bu
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Binhua Lin
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin J Adams
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ka Yee C Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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7
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Perucci LO, Vago JP, Miles LA, Sousa LP. Crosstalk between the plasminogen/plasmin system and inflammation resolution. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2666-2678. [PMID: 37495082 PMCID: PMC10792525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The plasminogen/plasmin (Plg/Pla) system, best known for its classical role in thrombolysis, has been recently highlighted as a regulator of other biological processes in mammals, including key steps involved in the resolution of inflammation. Inflammation resolution is a complex process coordinated by different cellular effectors, notably leukocytes, and active mediators, and is initiated shortly after the inflammatory response begins. Once the inflammatory insult is eliminated, an effective and timely engagement of proresolution programs prevents persistent inflammation, thereby avoiding excessive tissue damage, fibrosis, and the development of autoimmunity. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrate that Plg/Pla and their receptor, plasminogen receptor KT (Plg-RKT), regulate key steps in inflammation resolution. The number of studies investigating the involvement of the Plg/Pla system in these and other aspects of inflammation, including degradation of extracellular matrices, immune cell migration, wound healing, and skeletal growth and maintenance, highlights key roles of the Plg/Pla system during physiological and pathologic conditions. Here, we discuss robust evidence in the literature for the emerging roles of the Plg/Pla system in key steps of inflammation resolution. These findings suggest that dysregulation in Plg production and its activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Elucidating central mechanisms underlying the role of Plg/Pla in key steps of inflammation resolution either in preclinical models of inflammation or in human inflammatory conditions, can provide a rationale for the development of new pharmacologic interventions to promote resolution of inflammation, and open new pathways for the treatment of thromboinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza O Perucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Juliana P Vago
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lindsey A Miles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Signaling in Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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8
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Bode K, Hauri-Hohl M, Jaquet V, Weyd H. Unlocking the power of NOX2: A comprehensive review on its role in immune regulation. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102795. [PMID: 37379662 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a family of highly reactive molecules with numerous, often pleiotropic functions within the cell and the organism. Due to their potential to destroy biological structures such as membranes, enzymes and organelles, ROS have long been recognized as harmful yet unavoidable by-products of cellular metabolism leading to "oxidative stress" unless counterbalanced by cellular anti-oxidative defense mechanisms. Phagocytes utilize this destructive potential of ROS released in high amounts to defend against invading pathogens. In contrast, a regulated and fine-tuned release of "signaling ROS" (sROS) provides essential intracellular second messengers to modulate central aspects of immunity, including antigen presentation, activation of antigen presenting cells (APC) as well as the APC:T cell interaction during T cell activation. This regulated release of sROS is foremost attributed to the specialized enzyme NADPH-oxidase (NOX) 2 expressed mainly in myeloid cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells (DC). NOX-2-derived sROS are primarily involved in immune regulation and mediate protection against autoimmunity as well as maintenance of self-tolerance. Consequently, deficiencies in NOX2 not only result in primary immune-deficiencies such as Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) but also lead to auto-inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity. A comprehensive understanding of NOX2 activation and regulation will be key for successful pharmaceutical interventions of such ROS-related diseases in the future. In this review, we summarize recent progress regarding immune regulation by NOX2-derived ROS and the consequences of its deregulation on the development of immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bode
- Section for Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mathias Hauri-Hohl
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital Zurich - Eleonore Foundation & Children`s Research Center (CRC), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Weyd
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity D120, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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9
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Zhang Z, Wang A, Wang Y, Sun W, Zhou X, Xu Q, Mao L, Zhang J. Canthin-6-Ones: Potential Drugs for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases by Targeting Multiple Inflammatory Mediators. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083381. [PMID: 37110614 PMCID: PMC10141368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory disease (CID) is a category of medical conditions that causes recurrent inflammatory attacks in multiple tissues. The occurrence of CID is related to inappropriate immune responses to normal tissue substances and invading microbes due to many factors, such as defects in the immune system and imbalanced regulation of commensal microbes. Thus, effectively keeping the immune-associated cells and their products in check and inhibiting aberrant activation of the immune system is a key strategy for the management of CID. Canthin-6-ones are a subclass of β-carboline alkaloids isolated from a wide range of species. Several emerging studies based on in vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that canthin-6-ones may have potential therapeutic effects on many inflammatory diseases. However, no study has yet summarized the anti-inflammatory functions and the underlying mechanisms of this class of compounds. This review provides an overview of these studies, focusing on the disease entities and the inflammatory mediators that have been shown to be affected by canthin-6-ones. In particular, the major signaling pathways affected by canthin-6-ones, such as the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the NF-κB signaling pathway, and their roles in several CIDs are discussed. Moreover, we discuss the limitations in studies of canthin-6-ones and provide possible solutions. In addition, a perspective that may suggest possible future research directions is provided. This work may be helpful for further mechanistic studies and possible therapeutic applications of canthin-6-ones in the treatment of CID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongying Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yunhan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weichen Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Liming Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
- Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
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10
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Hussen J, Alkuwayti MA, Falemban B, Al-Sukruwah MA, Alhojaily SM, Humam NAA, Adwani SA. Immunomodulatory Effects of Bacterial Toll-like Receptor Ligands on the Phenotype and Function of Milk Immune Cells in Dromedary Camel. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020276. [PMID: 36829554 PMCID: PMC9952959 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
(1) Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that sense distinct molecular patterns of microbial origin. Although the immune cell composition of camel milk has been recently described, host-pathogen interaction studies in the camel mammary gland are still scarce. The present study aimed to use a whole milk stimulation assay for investigating the modulatory effect of selected Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands on the phenotype and function of milk immune cells. (2) Methods-camel milk samples (n = 7) were stimulated in vitro with the TLR4 ligand LPS or the TLR2/1 ligand Pam3CSK4, and separated milk cells were evaluated for stimulation-induced shape change, the expression of cell surface markers, phagocytosis, apoptosis, ROS production, and NETosis. Stimulation with PMA was used as a control stimulation. (3) Results-all stimulants induced shape change in milk cells, change in the expression of several cell markers, and increased cell apoptosis and NETosis. In addition, stimulation with Pam3CSK4 and PMA was associated with enhanced ROS production, while only PMA stimulation resulted in enhanced bacterial phagocytosis by milk immune cells. (4) Conclusions-our data indicates selective modulating effects of the TLR ligands LPS and Pam3CSK4 on camel milk phagocytes. These results may have implications for the use of synthetic TLR agonists as immunomodulatory adjuvants of the immune response to intra-mammary vaccines against mastitis pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-135896626
| | | | - Baraa Falemban
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Al-Sukruwah
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer M. Alhojaily
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural and Veterinary Training and Research Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naser Abdallah Al Humam
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Al Adwani
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
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11
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Tada R, Nagao K, Tanaka R, Yamada S, Watanabe A, Negishi Y. Involvement of splenic marginal zone macrophages in the recognition of systemically administered phosphatidylserine-coated liposomes in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109209. [PMID: 36084540 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases present a significant clinical problem, highlighting the need for the development of novel or improved therapeutic methods. One of the factors that causes autoimmune diseases is a defect in the clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Thus, improved apoptotic cell processing has been considered as a strategy to treat autoimmune diseases. However, therapeutic strategies focusing on apoptotic cell clearance have not been approved till date. We have reported that liposomes composed of phosphatidylserine (PS liposomes) exhibit anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effects in macrophages. A PS liposome display PS on its surface, which plays a crucial role in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by marginal zone macrophages (MZMs), a key player in the clearance of apoptotic cells, by recognizing PS exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that PS liposomes could be used as "antigen delivery vesicles" to act as a substitute for apoptotic cells in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we showed that systemically administered PS liposomes accumulated in the marginal zone of the spleen due to recognition of surface-displayed PS by MZMs because it was observed that liposomes without PS did not accumulate in the marginal zone. In conclusion, PS liposomes may be useful vehicles to function as active agents and/or antigens against autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tada
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Nagao
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riki Tanaka
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumire Yamada
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Watanabe
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Negishi
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Ye M, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Xie R, Tong Y, Sauer JD, Gong S. NAD(H)-loaded nanoparticles for efficient sepsis therapy via modulating immune and vascular homeostasis. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:880-890. [PMID: 35668170 PMCID: PMC10044491 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction responsible for nearly 270,000 deaths annually in the United States alone. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an immunomodulator, can potentially treat sepsis; however, clinical application of NAD+ is hindered by its inability to be directly taken up by cells. To address this challenge, a family of nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with either NAD+ or the reduced form of NAD+ (NADH), hereafter NAD(H)-loaded NPs, were engineered to enable direct cellular transport and replenishment of NAD(H). The NAD(H)-loaded NPs improved cellular energy supply, suppressed inflammation and prevented inflammation-induced cell pyroptosis and apoptosis. Therefore, the NPs can help maintain immune homoeostasis and vascular function, two key factors in the pathogenesis of sepsis. The NAD(H)-loaded NPs demonstrated excellent therapeutic efficacies in treating endotoxemia and multidrug-resistant pathogen-induced bacteremia. In addition, the NAD(H)-loaded NPs prevented caecal ligation and puncture-induced multiorgan injury and improved outcomes of secondary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections following caecal ligation and puncture, thus potentially leading to a highly innovative and translational approach to treat sepsis efficiently and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Ye
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuyuan Wang
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ruosen Xie
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yao Tong
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John-Demian Sauer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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13
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Li X, Liu Y, Liu X, Du J, Bhawal UK, Xu J, Guo L, Liu Y. Advances in the Therapeutic Effects of Apoptotic Bodies on Systemic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158202. [PMID: 35897778 PMCID: PMC9331698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an important role in development and in the maintenance of homeostasis. Apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs) are specifically generated from apoptotic cells and can contain a large variety of biological molecules, which are of great significance in intercellular communications and the regulation of phagocytes. Emerging evidence in recent years has shown that ApoBDs are essential for maintaining homeostasis, including systemic bone density and immune regulation as well as tissue regeneration. Moreover, studies have revealed the therapeutic effects of ApoBDs on systemic diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, hepatic fibrosis, and wound healing, which can be used to treat potential targets. This review summarizes current research on the generation, application, and reconstruction of ApoBDs regarding their functions in cellular regulation and on systemic diseases, providing strong evidence and therapeutic strategies for further insights into related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Xu Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Ujjal Kumar Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan;
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100006, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systematic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (Y.L.)
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14
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Apoptosis and (in) Pain—Potential Clinical Implications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061255. [PMID: 35740277 PMCID: PMC9219669 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of apoptosis is involved in the development of several pathologies, and recent evidence suggests that apoptosis may be involved in chronic pain, namely in neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain state caused by primary damage or dysfunction of the nervous system; however, the details of the molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Recently, it was found that nerve endings contain transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that sense and detect signals released by injured tissues and respond to these damage signals. TRP channels are similar to the voltage-gated potassium channels or nucleotide-gated channels that participate in calcium and magnesium homeostasis. TRP channels allowing calcium to penetrate into nerve terminals can activate apoptosis, leading to nerve terminal destruction. Further, some TRPs are activated by acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are mainly produced in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and an increase in ROS production and/or a decrease in the antioxidant network may induce oxidative stress (OS). Depending on the OS levels, they can promote cellular proliferation and/or cell degeneration or death. Previous studies have indicated that proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), play an important role in the peripheral mediation of neuropathic pain. This article aims to perform a review of the involvement of apoptosis in pain, particularly the role of OS and neuroinflammation, and the clinical relevance of this knowledge. The potential discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets can result in the development of more effective and targeted drugs to treat chronic pain, namely neuropathic pain. Highlights: Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation can activate cell signaling pathways that can lead to nerve terminal destruction by apoptosis. These could constitute potential new pain biomarkers and targets for therapy in neuropathic pain.
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15
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Altemus J, Dadgar N, Li Y, Lightner AL. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells' acellular product extracellular vesicles as a potential therapy for Crohn's disease. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3001-3011. [PMID: 35522572 PMCID: PMC9544647 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The breakdown of gastrointestinal tract immune homeostasis leads to Crohn's disease (CD). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating CD in clinical trials, but there is little known about the mechanism of healing. Considering the critical roles of macrophage polarization in CD and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, we sought to decipher the interaction between adipose‐derived MSCs and macrophages, including their cytokine production, regulation of differentiation, and pro‐/anti‐inflammatory function. RNA extraction and next generation sequencing was performed in adipose tissue from healthy control patients' mesentery (n = 3) and CD mesentery (n = 3). Infiltrated macrophage activation in the CD mesentery was tested, MSCs and extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated to compare the regulation of macrophage differentiation, cytokines production, and self‐renewal capacities in vitro. CD patients' mesentery has increased M1 macrophage polarization and elevated activation. MSCs and their derived EVs, isolated from inflamed Crohn's mesentery, leads to a rapid differentiation of monocytes to a M1‐like polarized phenotype. Conversely, MSCs and their derived EVs from healthy, non‐Crohn's patients results in monocyte polarization into a M2 phenotype; this is seen regardless of the adipose source of MSCs (subcutaneous fat, omentum, normal mesentery). EVs derived from MSCs have the ability to regulate macrophage differentiation. Healthy MSCs and their associated EVs have the ability to drive monocytes to a M2 subset, effectively reversing an inflammatory phenotype. This mechanism supports why MSCs may be an effective therapeutic in CD and highlights EVs as a novel therapeutic for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Altemus
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Surgical Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Neda Dadgar
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Surgical Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Surgical Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy L Lightner
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Surgical Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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16
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Types of necroinflammation, the effect of cell death modalities on sterile inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:423. [PMID: 35501340 PMCID: PMC9061831 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Distinct types of immune responses are activated by infections, which cause the development of type I, II, or III inflammation, regulated by Th1, Th2, Th17 helper T cells and ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 cells, respectively. While the classification of immune responses to different groups of pathogens is widely accepted, subtypes of the immune response elicited by sterile inflammation have not yet been detailed. Necroinflammation is associated with the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) from dying cells. In this review, we present that the distinct molecular mechanisms activated during apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis lead to the release of different patterns of DAMPs and their suppressors, SAMPs. We summarize the currently available data on how regulated cell death pathways and released DAMPs and SAMPs direct the differentiation of T helper and ILC cells. Understanding the subtypes of necroinflammation can be crucial in developing strategies for the treatment of sterile inflammatory diseases caused by cell death processes.
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17
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Kang MS, Kim SH, Yang MJ, Kim HY, Kim IH, Kang JW, Choi HS, Jin SW, Park EJ. Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate-induced necrosis may be linked to pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Lett 2022; 362:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Wang Y, Khan HM, Zhou C, Liao X, Tang P, Song P, Gui X, Li H, Chen Z, Liu S, Cen Y, Zhang Z, Li Z. Apoptotic cells derived micro/nano-sized extracellular vesicles in tissue regeneration. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), products released by cells in multiple biological activities, are currently widely accepted as functional particles and intercellular communicators. From the orthodox perspective, EVs derived from apoptotic cells (apoEVs) are responsible for cell debris clearance, while recent studies have demonstrated that apoEVs participate in tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms and particular functions in tissue regeneration promotion of apoEVs remain ambiguous. Some molecules, such as caspases, active during apoptosis also function in tissue regeneration triggered by apoptosis,. ApoEVs are generated in the process of apoptosis, carrying cell contents to manifest biological effects, and possessing biomarkers to target phagocytes. The regenerative effect of apoEVs might be due to their abilities to facilitate cell proliferation and regulate inflammation. Such regenerative effect has been observed in various tissues, including skin, bone, cardiovascular system, and kidney. Engineered apoEVs are produced to amplify the biological benefits of apoEVs, rendering them optional for drug delivery. Meanwhile, challenges exist in thorough mechanistic exploration and standardization of production. In this review, we discussed the link between apoptosis and regeneration, current comprehension of the origination and investigation strategies of apoEVs, and mechanisms in tissue regeneration by apoEVs and their applications. Challenges and prospects are also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Haider Mohammed Khan
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu Sichuan, 610041 , China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Xiaoxia Liao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Pei Tang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Xingyu Gui
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Hairui Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhixing Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi’an , Shaanxi, 710032 , China
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhengyong Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
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Athira S, Bhaskar A, Misra P, Sibin M. Circulatory miR-126 expression as an epigenetic marker in diabetes mellitus; a systematic review & meta-analysis. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Apoptotic cell-derived micro/nanosized extracellular vesicles in tissue regeneration. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), products released by cells in multiple biological activities, are currently widely accepted as functional particles and intercellular communicators. From the orthodox perspective, EVs derived from apoptotic cells (apoEVs) are responsible for cell debris clearance, while recent studies have demonstrated that apoEVs participate in tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms and particular functions in tissue regeneration promotion of apoEVs remain ambiguous. Some molecules active during apoptosis also function in tissue regeneration triggered by apoptosis, such as caspases. ApoEVs are generated in the process of apoptosis, carrying cell contents to manifest biological effects and possess biomarkers to target phagocytes. The regenerative effect of apoEVs might be due to their abilities to facilitate cell proliferation and regulate inflammation. Such regenerative effect has been observed in various tissues, including skin, bone, cardiovascular system, and kidneys. Engineered apoEVs are produced to amplify the biological benefits of apoEVs, rendering them optional for drug delivery. Meanwhile, challenges exist in thorough mechanistic exploration and standardization of production. In this review, we discussed the link between apoptosis and regeneration, current comprehension of the origination and investigation strategies of apoEVs, and mechanisms in tissue regeneration of apoEVs and their applications. Challenges and prospects are also addressed here.
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Merlin J, Park J, Vandekolk TH, Fabb SA, Allinne J, Summers RJ, Langmead CJ, Riddy DM. Multi-pathway in vitro pharmacological characterisation of specialised pro-resolving G protein-coupled receptors (SPM-GPCRs). Mol Pharmacol 2022; 101:246-256. [DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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22
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Neutrophil Death in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Shedding More Light on Neutrophils as a Pathogenic Link to Chronic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031490. [PMID: 35163413 PMCID: PMC8836089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are an essential component of the innate immune response, but their prolonged activation can lead to chronic inflammation. Consequently, neutrophil homeostasis is tightly regulated through balance between granulopoiesis and clearance of dying cells. The bone marrow is both a site of neutrophil production and the place they return to and die. Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by the mutations in three types of molecular markers, with emphasis on Janus kinase 2 gene mutation (JAK2V617F). The MPN bone marrow stem cell niche is a site of chronic inflammation, with commonly increased cells of myeloid lineage, including neutrophils. The MPN neutrophils are characterized by the upregulation of JAK target genes. Additionally, MPN neutrophils display malignant nature, they are in a state of activation, and with deregulated apoptotic machinery. In other words, neutrophils deserve to be placed in the midst of major events in MPN. Our crucial interest in this review is better understanding of how neutrophils die in MPN mirrored by defects in apoptosis and to what possible extent they can contribute to MPN pathophysiology. We tend to expect that reduced neutrophil apoptosis will establish a pathogenic link to chronic inflammation in MPN.
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23
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McMahon DB, Kuek LE, Johnson ME, Johnson PO, Horn RL, Carey RM, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. The bitter end: T2R bitter receptor agonists elevate nuclear calcium and induce apoptosis in non-ciliated airway epithelial cells. Cell Calcium 2022; 101:102499. [PMID: 34839223 PMCID: PMC8752513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) localize to airway motile cilia and initiate innate immune responses in retaliation to bacterial quorum sensing molecules. Activation of cilia T2Rs leads to calcium-driven NO production that increases cilia beating and directly kills bacteria. Several diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis, COPD, and cystic fibrosis, are characterized by loss of motile cilia and/or squamous metaplasia. To understand T2R function within the altered landscape of airway disease, we studied T2Rs in non-ciliated airway cell lines and primary cells. Several T2Rs localize to the nucleus in de-differentiated cells that typically localize to cilia in differentiated cells. As cilia and nuclear import utilize shared proteins, some T2Rs may target to the nucleus in the absence of motile cilia. T2R agonists selectively elevated nuclear and mitochondrial calcium through a G-protein-coupled receptor phospholipase C mechanism. Additionally, T2R agonists decreased nuclear cAMP, increased nitric oxide, and increased cGMP, consistent with T2R signaling. Furthermore, exposure to T2R agonists led to nuclear calcium-induced mitochondrial depolarization and caspase activation. T2R agonists induced apoptosis in primary bronchial and nasal cells differentiated at air-liquid interface but then induced to a squamous phenotype by apical submersion. Air-exposed well-differentiated cells did not die. This may be a last-resort defense against bacterial infection. However, it may also increase susceptibility of de-differentiated or remodeled epithelia to damage by bacterial metabolites. Moreover, the T2R-activated apoptosis pathway occurs in airway cancer cells. T2Rs may thus contribute to microbiome-tumor cell crosstalk in airway cancers. Targeting T2Rs may be useful for activating cancer cell apoptosis while sparing surrounding tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B. McMahon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Correspondence: Derek B. McMahon, PhD or Robert J. Lee, PhD, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA, 215-573-9766, (D.B.M.) or (R.J.L)
| | - Li Eon Kuek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madeline E. Johnson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paige O. Johnson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel L.J. Horn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan M. Carey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nithin D. Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James N. Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Correspondence: Derek B. McMahon, PhD or Robert J. Lee, PhD, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA, 215-573-9766, (D.B.M.) or (R.J.L)
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24
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Serhan CN, Libreros S, Nshimiyimana R. E-series resolvin metabolome, biosynthesis and critical role of stereochemistry of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in inflammation-resolution: Preparing SPMs for long COVID-19, human clinical trials, and targeted precision nutrition. Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101597. [PMID: 35227568 PMCID: PMC8847098 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised international awareness of the importance of rigorous scientific evidence and the havoc caused by uncontrolled excessive inflammation. Here we consider the evidence on whether the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are ready to meet this challenge as well as targeted metabololipidomics of the resolution-inflammation metabolomes. Specific stereochemical mechanisms in the biosynthesis of SPMs from omega-3 essential fatty acids give rise to unique local-acting lipid mediators. SPMs possess stereochemically defined potent bioactive structures that are high-affinity ligands for cognate G protein-coupled surface receptors that evoke the cellular responses required for efficient resolution of acute inflammation. The SPMs biosynthesized from the major omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are coined Resolvins (resolution phase interaction products; E series and D-series), Protectins and Maresins (macrophage mediators in resolving inflammation). Their biosynthesis and stereochemical assignments are established and confirmed (>1,441 resolvin publications in PubMed.gov) as well as their functional roles on innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells (both lymphocyte T-cell subsets and B-cells). The resolution of a protective acute inflammatory response is governed mainly by phagocytes that actively clear apoptotic cells, debris, blood clots and pathogens. These resolution phase functions of the acute inflammatory response are enhanced by SPMs, which together prepare the inflammatory loci for homeostasis and stimulate tissue regeneration via activating stem cells and the biosynthesis of novel cys-SPMs (e.g. MCTRs, PCTRs and RCTRs). These cys-SPMs also activate regeneration, are organ protective and stimulate resolution of local inflammation. Herein, we review the biosynthesis and functions of the E-series resolvins, namely resolvin E1 (the first n-3 resolvin identified), resolvin E2, resolvin E3 and resolvin E4 biosynthesized from their precursor eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and the critical role of total organic synthesis in confirming SPM complete stereochemistry, establishing their potent functions in resolution of inflammation, and novel structures. The physical properties of each biologically derived SPM, i.e., ultra-violet (UV) absorbance, chromatographic behavior, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) fragmentation, were matched to SPMs biosynthesized and prepared by stereospecific total organic synthesis. We briefly review this approach, also used with the endogenous D-series resolvins, protectins and maresins confirming their potent functions in resolution of inflammation, that paves the way for their rigorous evaluation in human tissues and clinical trials. The assignment of complete stereochemistry for each of the E and D series Resolvins, Protectins and Maresins was a critical and required step that enabled human clinical studies as in SPM profiling in COVID-19 infections and experimental animal disease models that also opened the promise of resolution physiology, resolution pharmacology and targeted precision nutrition as new areas for monitoring health and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Stephania Libreros
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Nshimiyimana
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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25
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Chen X, Zhu W, Xu R, Shen X, Fu Y, Cheng J, Liu L, Jiang H. Geranylgeraniol Restores Zoledronic Acid-Induced Efferocytosis Inhibition in Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:770899. [PMID: 34805177 PMCID: PMC8595285 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.770899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a severe side effect of long-term administration of bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid (ZA), but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Impairment of the clearance of apoptotic cells (termed “efferocytosis”) by ZA may be associated with the pathogenesis of BRONJ. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ZA might inhibit macrophage efferocytosis and promote osteocytic apoptosis, and the underlying mechanisms responsible for the disturbing balance between clean and generation of osteocytic apoptosis. We found that ZA significantly promoted the apoptosis of osteocyte and pre-osteoblast via BRONJ mouse models and in vitro MC3T3-E1 but also inhibited the efferocytosis of macrophage on apoptotic cells. Moreover, supplement with geranylgeraniol (GGOH), a substrate analog for geranylgeranylation of Rac1, could restore Rac1 homeostasis and rescue macrophage efferocytosis. GGOH partially inhibits MC3T3-E1 apoptosis induced by ZA via downregulation of Rac1/JNK pathway. We also examined the Rac1 distribution and activation conditions in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and MC3T3-E1 under ZA treatment, and we found that ZA impaired Rac1 migration to BMDM membrane, leading to round appearance with less pseudopodia and efferocytosis inhibition. Moreover, ZA simultaneously activated Rac1, causing overexpression of P-JNK and cleaved caspase 3 in MC3T3-E1. Finally, the systemic administration of GGOH decreased the osteocytic apoptosis and improved the bone healing of the extraction sockets in BRONJ mouse models. Taken together, our findings provided a new insight and experimental basis for the application of GGOH in the treatment of BRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Weiwen Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongyao Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Laikui Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Over Fifty Years of Life, Death, and Cannibalism: A Historical Recollection of Apoptosis and Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212466. [PMID: 34830349 PMCID: PMC8618802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in biomedical sciences has changed dramatically over the past fifty years. There is no doubt that the discovery of apoptosis and autophagy as two highly synchronized and regulated mechanisms in cellular homeostasis are among the most important discoveries in these decades. Along with the advancement in molecular biology, identifying the genetic players in apoptosis and autophagy has shed light on our understanding of their function in physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we first describe the history of key discoveries in apoptosis with a molecular insight and continue with apoptosis pathways and their regulation. We touch upon the role of apoptosis in human health and its malfunction in several diseases. We discuss the path to the morphological and molecular discovery of autophagy. Moreover, we dive deep into the precise regulation of autophagy and recent findings from basic research to clinical applications of autophagy modulation in human health and illnesses and the available therapies for many diseases caused by impaired autophagy. We conclude with the exciting crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy, from the early discoveries to recent findings.
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27
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Patil M, Saheera S, Dubey PK, Kahn-Krell A, Kumar Govindappa P, Singh S, Tousif S, Zhang Q, Lal H, Zhang J, Qin G, Krishnamurthy P. Novel Mechanisms of Exosome-Mediated Phagocytosis of Dead Cells in Injured Heart. Circ Res 2021; 129:1006-1020. [PMID: 34623174 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Sherin Saheera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Praveen K Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Asher Kahn-Krell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Prem Kumar Govindappa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Sarojini Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Qinkun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Hind Lal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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28
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Karmakar U, Vermeren S. Crosstalk between B cells and neutrophils in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunology 2021; 164:689-700. [PMID: 34478165 PMCID: PMC8561113 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease without known cure that primarily affects synovial joints. RA has a prevalence of approximately 1% of the population worldwide. A vicious circle between two critical immune cell types, B cells and neutrophils, develops and promotes disease. Pathogenic anti‐citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) directed against a range of citrullinated epitopes are abundant in both plasma and synovial fluid of RA patients. In addition to stimulating numerous cell types, ACPA and other autoantibodies, notably rheumatoid factor, form immune complexes (ICs) that potently activate neutrophils. Attracted to the synovium by abundant chemokines, neutrophils are locally stimulated by ICs. They generate cytokines and release cytotoxic compounds including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), strands of decondensed chromatin decorated with citrullinated histones and granule‐derived neutrophil proteins, which are particularly abundant in the synovial fluid. In this way, neutrophils generate citrullinated epitopes and release peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes capable of citrullinating extracellular proteins in the rheumatic joint, contributing to renewed ACPA generation. This review article focusses on the central function of citrullination, a post‐translational modification of arginine residues in RA. The discussion includes ACPA and related autoantibodies, somatic hypermutation‐mediated escape from negative selection by autoreactive B cells, promotion of the dominance of citrullinated antigens by genetic and lifestyle susceptibility factors and the vicious circle between ACPA‐producing pathogenic B cells and NET‐producing neutrophils in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsa Karmakar
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sonja Vermeren
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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29
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Yang A, Wu Y, Yu G, Wang H. Role of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in pulmonary inflammation diseases: mechanisms and development. Respir Res 2021; 22:204. [PMID: 34261470 PMCID: PMC8279385 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential mechanism of various diseases. The development and resolution of inflammation are complex immune-modulation processes which induce the involvement of various types of immune cells. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) have been demonstrated to be signaling molecules in inflammation. SPMs are involved in the pathophysiology of different diseases, especially respiratory diseases, including asthma, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. All of these diseases are related to the inflammatory response and its persistence. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and development of inflammation in respiratory disease, and the roles of the SPM family in the resolution process, might be useful in the quest for novel therapies and preventive measures for pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng, , Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng, , Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ganggang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng, , Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Haoyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng, , Beijing, 100050, China.
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30
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Van Broeckhoven J, Sommer D, Dooley D, Hendrix S, Franssen AJPM. Macrophage phagocytosis after spinal cord injury: when friends become foes. Brain 2021; 144:2933-2945. [PMID: 34244729 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), macrophages can exert either beneficial or detrimental effects depending on their phenotype. Aside from their critical role in inflammatory responses, macrophages are also specialized in the recognition, engulfment, and degradation of pathogens, apoptotic cells, and tissue debris. They promote remyelination and axonal regeneration by removing inhibitory myelin components and cellular debris. However, excessive intracellular presence of lipids and dysregulated intracellular lipid homeostasis result in the formation of foamy macrophages. These develop a pro-inflammatory phenotype that may contribute to further neurological decline. Additionally, myelin-activated macrophages play a crucial role in axonal dieback and retraction. Here, we review the opposing functional consequences of phagocytosis by macrophages in SCI, including remyelination and regeneration versus demyelination, degeneration, and axonal dieback. Furthermore, we discuss how targeting the phagocytic ability of macrophages may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Daniela Sommer
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dearbhaile Dooley
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aimée J P M Franssen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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31
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Having an Old Friend for Dinner: The Interplay between Apoptotic Cells and Efferocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051265. [PMID: 34065321 PMCID: PMC8161178 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, the programmed and intentional death of senescent, damaged, or otherwise superfluous cells, is the natural end-point for most cells within multicellular organisms. Apoptotic cells are not inherently damaging, but if left unattended, they can lyse through secondary necrosis. The resulting release of intracellular contents drives inflammation in the surrounding tissue and can lead to autoimmunity. These negative consequences of secondary necrosis are avoided by efferocytosis—the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells. Efferocytosis is a product of both apoptotic cells and efferocyte mechanisms, which cooperate to ensure the rapid and complete removal of apoptotic cells. Herein, we review the processes used by apoptotic cells to ensure their timely removal, and the receptors, signaling, and cellular processes used by efferocytes for efferocytosis, with a focus on the receptors and signaling driving this process.
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32
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Rossaint J, Thomas K, Mersmann S, Skupski J, Margraf A, Tekath T, Jouvene CC, Dalli J, Hidalgo A, Meuth SG, Soehnlein O, Zarbock A. Platelets orchestrate the resolution of pulmonary inflammation in mice by T reg cell repositioning and macrophage education. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212168. [PMID: 34014253 PMCID: PMC8142284 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond hemostasis, platelets actively participate in immune cell recruitment and host defense, yet their potential in the resolution of inflammatory processes remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that platelets are recruited into the lung together with neutrophils during the onset of inflammation and alongside regulatory T (T reg) cells during the resolution phase. This partnering dichotomy is regulated by differential adhesion molecule expression during resolution. Mechanistically, intravascular platelets form aggregates with T reg cells, a prerequisite for their recruitment into the lung. This interaction relies on platelet activation by sCD40L and platelet P-selectin binding to PSGL-1 on T reg cells. Physical platelet–T reg cell interactions are necessary to modulate the transcriptome and instruct T reg cells to release the anti-inflammatory mediators IL-10 and TGFβ. Notably, the presence of platelet–T reg cell aggregates in the lung was also required for macrophage transcriptional reprogramming, polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and effective resolution of pulmonary inflammation. Thus, platelets partner with successive immune cell subsets to orchestrate both the initiation and resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thomas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sina Mersmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jennifer Skupski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Margraf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Tekath
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Charlotte C Jouvene
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andres Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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33
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Teng Y, Xu F, Zhang X, Mu J, Sayed M, Hu X, Lei C, Sriwastva M, Kumar A, Sundaram K, Zhang L, Park JW, Chen SY, Zhang S, Yan J, Merchant ML, Zhang X, McClain CJ, Wolfe JK, Adcock RS, Chung D, Palmer KE, Zhang HG. Plant-derived exosomal microRNAs inhibit lung inflammation induced by exosomes SARS-CoV-2 Nsp12. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2424-2440. [PMID: 33984520 PMCID: PMC8110335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung inflammation is a hallmark of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we show that mice develop inflamed lung tissue after being administered exosomes released from the lung epithelial cells exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Nsp12 and Nsp13 (exosomesNsp12Nsp13). Mechanistically, we show that exosomesNsp12Nsp13 are taken up by lung macrophages, leading to activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the subsequent induction of an array of inflammatory cytokines. Induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β from exosomesNsp12Nsp13-activated lung macrophages contributes to inducing apoptosis in lung epithelial cells. Induction of exosomesNsp12Nsp13-mediated lung inflammation was abolished with ginger exosome-like nanoparticle (GELN) microRNA (miRNA aly-miR396a-5p. The role of GELNs in inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) was further demonstrated via GELN aly-miR396a-5p- and rlcv-miR-rL1-28-3p-mediated inhibition of expression of Nsp12 and spike genes, respectively. Taken together, our results reveal exosomesNsp12Nsp13 as potentially important contributors to the development of lung inflammation, and GELNs are a potential therapeutic agent to treat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Teng
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Fangyi Xu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiangcheng Zhang
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Jingyao Mu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mohammed Sayed
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chao Lei
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mukesh Sriwastva
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kumaran Sundaram
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Juw Won Park
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; KBRIN Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shuangqin Zhang
- Peeples Cancer Institute at Hamilton Medical Center, Dalton, GA 30720, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Michael L Merchant
- Kidney Disease Program and Clinical Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jennifer K Wolfe
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Robert S Adcock
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Donghoon Chung
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Center for Predictive Medicine for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kenneth E Palmer
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Participation of ABCA1 Transporter in Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073334. [PMID: 33805156 PMCID: PMC8037621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the important medical and social problem. According to modern concepts, COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease, macrophages play a key role in its pathogenesis. Macrophages are heterogeneous in their functions, which is largely determined by their immunometabolic profile, as well as the features of lipid homeostasis, in which the ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an essential role. The objective of this work is the analysis of the ABCA1 protein participation and the function of reverse cholesterol transport in the pathogenesis of COPD. The expression of the ABCA1 gene in lung tissues takes the second place after the liver, which indicates the important role of the carrier in lung function. The participation of the transporter in the development of COPD consists in provision of lipid metabolism, regulation of inflammation, phagocytosis, and apoptosis. Violation of the processes in which ABCA1 is involved may be a part of the pathophysiological mechanisms, leading to the formation of a heterogeneous clinical course of the disease.
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Immune complex-induced apoptosis and concurrent immune complex clearance are anti-inflammatory neutrophil functions. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:296. [PMID: 33741905 PMCID: PMC7979711 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Persistent neutrophilic inflammation drives host damage in autoimmune diseases that are characterized by abundant immune complexes. Insoluble immune complexes (iICs) potently activate pro-inflammatory neutrophil effector functions. We and others have shown that iICs also promote resolution of inflammation via stimulation of neutrophil apoptosis. We demonstrate here that iICs trigger FcγRIIa-dependent neutrophil macropinocytosis, leading to the rapid uptake, and subsequent degradation of iICs. We provide evidence that concurrent iIC-induced neutrophil apoptosis is distinct from phagocytosis-induced cell death. First, uptake of iICs occurs by FcγRII-stimulated macropinocytosis, rather than phagocytosis. Second, production of reactive oxygen species, but not iIC-internalization is a pre-requisite for iIC-induced neutrophil apoptosis. Our findings identify a previously unknown mechanism by which neutrophils can remove pro-inflammatory iICs from the circulation. Together iIC clearance and iIC-induced neutrophil apoptosis may act to prevent the potential escalation of neutrophilic inflammation in response to iICs.
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Libreros S, Shay AE, Nshimiyimana R, Fichtner D, Martin MJ, Wourms N, Serhan CN. A New E-Series Resolvin: RvE4 Stereochemistry and Function in Efferocytosis of Inflammation-Resolution. Front Immunol 2021; 11:631319. [PMID: 33643307 PMCID: PMC7902526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.631319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The resolution of the acute inflammatory response is governed by phagocytes actively clearing apoptotic cells and pathogens. Biosynthesis of the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) is pivotal in the resolution of inflammation via their roles in innate immune cells. Resolvin E4 (RvE4: 5S,15S-dihydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid) is a newly uncovered member of the E-series resolvins biosynthesized from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) recently elucidated in physiologic hypoxia. This new resolvin was termed RvE4 given its ability to increase efferocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages. Herein, we report on the total organic synthesis of RvE4 confirming its unique structure, complete stereochemistry assignment and function. This synthetic RvE4 matched the physical properties of biogenic RvE4 material, i.e. ultra-violet (UV) absorbance, chromatographic behavior, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) fragmentation, as well as bioactivity. We confirmed RvE4 potent responses with human M2 macrophage efferocytosis of human apoptotic neutrophils and senescent red blood cells. Together, these results provide direct evidence for the assignment of the complete stereochemistry of RvE4 as 5S,15S-dihydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid and its bioactions in human phagocyte response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephania Libreros
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ashley E Shay
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert Nshimiyimana
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Fichtner
- Cayman Chemical, Research and Development Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael J Martin
- Cayman Chemical, Research and Development Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicholas Wourms
- Cayman Chemical, Research and Development Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Abstract
ABSTRACT As an integral component of cardiac tissue, macrophages are critical for cardiac development, adult heart homeostasis, as well as cardiac healing. One fundamental function of macrophages involves the clearance of dying cells or debris, a process termed efferocytosis. Current literature primarily pays attention to the impact of efferocytosis on apoptotic cells. However, emerging evidence suggests that necrotic cells and their released cellular debris can also be removed by cardiac macrophages through efferocytosis. Importantly, recent studies have demonstrated that macrophage efferocytosis plays an essential role in cardiac pathophysiology and repair. Therefore, understanding macrophage efferocytosis would provide valuable insights on cardiac health, and may offer new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with heart failure. In this review, we first summarize the molecular signals that are associated with macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic and necrotic cells, and then discuss how the linkage of efferocytosis to the resolution of inflammation affects cardiac function and recovery under normal and diseased conditions. Lastly, we highlight new discoveries related to the effects of macrophage efferocytosis on cardiac injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yutian
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Li Qianqian
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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38
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Cooperative epithelial phagocytosis enables error correction in the early embryo. Nature 2021; 590:618-623. [PMID: 33568811 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Errors in early embryogenesis are a cause of sporadic cell death and developmental failure1,2. Phagocytic activity has a central role in scavenging apoptotic cells in differentiated tissues3-6. However, how apoptotic cells are cleared in the blastula embryo in the absence of specialized immune cells remains unknown. Here we show that the surface epithelium of zebrafish and mouse embryos, which is the first tissue formed during vertebrate development, performs efficient phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells through phosphatidylserine-mediated target recognition. Quantitative four-dimensional in vivo imaging analyses reveal a collective epithelial clearance mechanism that is based on mechanical cooperation by two types of Rac1-dependent basal epithelial protrusions. The first type of protrusion, phagocytic cups, mediates apoptotic target uptake. The second, a previously undescribed type of fast and extended actin-based protrusion that we call 'epithelial arms', promotes the rapid dispersal of apoptotic targets through Arp2/3-dependent mechanical pushing. On the basis of experimental data and modelling, we show that mechanical load-sharing enables the long-range cooperative uptake of apoptotic cells by multiple epithelial cells. This optimizes the efficiency of tissue clearance by extending the limited spatial exploration range and local uptake capacity of non-motile epithelial cells. Our findings show that epithelial tissue clearance facilitates error correction that is relevant to the developmental robustness and survival of the embryo, revealing the presence of an innate immune function in the earliest stages of embryonic development.
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Senescence under appraisal: hopes and challenges revisited. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3333-3354. [PMID: 33439271 PMCID: PMC8038995 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cellular senescence has become the focus of attention in multiple areas of biomedical research. Typically defined as an irreversible cell cycle arrest accompanied by increased cellular growth, metabolic activity and by a characteristic messaging secretome, cellular senescence can impact on multiple physiological and pathological processes such as wound healing, fibrosis, cancer and ageing. These unjustly called 'zombie cells' are indeed a rich source of opportunities for innovative therapeutic development. In this review, we collate the current understanding of the process of cellular senescence and its two-faced nature, i.e. beneficial/detrimental, and reason this duality is linked to contextual aspects. We propose the senescence programme as an endogenous pro-resolving mechanism that may lead to sustained inflammation and damage when dysregulated or when senescent cells are not cleared efficiently. This pro-resolving model reconciles the paradoxical two faces of senescence by emphasising that it is the unsuccessful completion of the programme, and not senescence itself, what leads to pathology. Thus, pro-senescence therapies under the right context, may favour inflammation resolution. We also review the evidence for the multiple therapeutic approaches under development based on senescence, including its induction, prevention, clearance and the use of senolytic and senomorphic drugs. In particular, we highlight the importance of the immune system in the favourable outcome of senescence and the implications of an inefficient immune surveillance in completion of the senescent cycle. Finally, we identify and discuss a number of challenges and existing gaps to encourage and stimulate further research in this exciting and unravelled field, with the hope of promoting and accelerating the clinical success of senescence-based therapies.
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Park J, Langmead CJ, Riddy DM. New Advances in Targeting the Resolution of Inflammation: Implications for Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediator GPCR Drug Discovery. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:88-106. [PMID: 32259091 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a component of numerous diseases including autoimmune, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and cancer. The discovery and characterization of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) critical to the resolution of inflammation, and their cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has led to a significant increase in the understanding of this physiological process. Approximately 20 ligands, including lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, and 6 receptors (FPR2/ALX, GPR32, GPR18, chemerin1, BLT1, and GPR37) have been identified highlighting the complex and multilayered nature of resolution. Therapeutic efforts in targeting these receptors have proved challenging, with very few ligands apparently progressing through to preclinical or clinical development. To date, some knowledge gaps remain in the understanding of how the activation of these receptors, and their downstream signaling, results in efficient resolution via apoptosis, phagocytosis, and efferocytosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (mainly neutrophils) and macrophages. SPMs bind and activate multiple receptors (ligand poly-pharmacology), while most receptors are activated by multiple ligands (receptor pleiotropy). In addition, allosteric binding sites have been identified signifying the capacity of more than one ligand to bind simultaneously. These fundamental characteristics of SPM receptors enable alternative targeting strategies to be considered, including biased signaling and allosteric modulation. This review describes those ligands and receptors involved in the resolution of inflammation, and highlights the most recent clinical trial results. Furthermore, we describe alternative mechanisms by which these SPM receptors could be targeted, paving the way for the identification of new therapeutics, perhaps with greater efficacy and fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Park
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Darren M Riddy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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