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Dubath C, Porcu E, Delacrétaz A, Grosu C, Laaboub N, Piras M, von Gunten A, Conus P, Plessen KJ, Kutalik Z, Eap CB. DNA methylation may partly explain psychotropic drug-induced metabolic side effects: results from a prospective 1-month observational study. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:36. [PMID: 38419113 PMCID: PMC10903022 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic side effects of psychotropic medications are a major drawback to patients' successful treatment. Using an epigenome-wide approach, we aimed to investigate DNA methylation changes occurring secondary to psychotropic treatment and evaluate associations between 1-month metabolic changes and both baseline and 1-month changes in DNA methylation levels. Seventy-nine patients starting a weight gain inducing psychotropic treatment were selected from the PsyMetab study cohort. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation was measured at baseline and after 1 month of treatment, using the Illumina Methylation EPIC BeadChip. RESULTS A global methylation increase was noted after the first month of treatment, which was more pronounced (p < 2.2 × 10-16) in patients whose weight remained stable (< 2.5% weight increase). Epigenome-wide significant methylation changes (p < 9 × 10-8) were observed at 52 loci in the whole cohort. When restricting the analysis to patients who underwent important early weight gain (≥ 5% weight increase), one locus (cg12209987) showed a significant increase in methylation levels (p = 3.8 × 10-8), which was also associated with increased weight gain in the whole cohort (p = 0.004). Epigenome-wide association analyses failed to identify a significant link between metabolic changes and methylation data. Nevertheless, among the strongest associations, a potential causal effect of the baseline methylation level of cg11622362 on glycemia was revealed by a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (n = 3841 for instrument-exposure association; n = 314,916 for instrument-outcome association). CONCLUSION These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of psychotropic drug-induced weight gain, revealing important epigenetic alterations upon treatment, some of which may play a mediatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Dubath
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Hôpital de Cery, 1008, Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Eleonora Porcu
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Delacrétaz
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Hôpital de Cery, 1008, Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire Grosu
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Hôpital de Cery, 1008, Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nermine Laaboub
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Hôpital de Cery, 1008, Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Piras
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Hôpital de Cery, 1008, Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chin Bin Eap
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Hôpital de Cery, 1008, Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Paiva Barbosa V, Bastos Silveira B, Amorim Dos Santos J, Monteiro MM, Coletta RD, De Luca Canto G, Stefani CM, Guerra ENS. Critical appraisal tools used in systematic reviews of in vitro cell culture studies: A methodological study. Res Synth Methods 2023; 14:776-793. [PMID: 37464457 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Systematic reviews (SRs) of preclinical studies are marked with poor methodological quality. In vitro studies lack assessment tools to improve the quality of preclinical research. This methodological study aimed to identify, collect, and analyze SRs based on cell culture studies to highlight the current appraisal tools utilized to support the development of a validated critical appraisal tool for cell culture in vitro research. SRs, scoping reviews, and meta-analyses that included cell culture studies and used any type of critical appraisal tool were included. Electronic search, study selection, data collection and methodological quality (MQ) assessment tool were realized. Further, statistical analyses regarding possible associations and correlations between MQ and collected data were performed. After the screening process, 82 studies remained for subsequent analysis. A total of 32 different appraisal tools were identified. Approximately 60% of studies adopted pre-structured tools not designed for cell culture studies. The most frequent instruments were SYRCLE (n = 14), OHAT (n = 9), Cochrane Collaboration's tool (n = 7), GRADE (n = 6), CONSORT (n = 5), and ToxRTool (n = 5). The studies were divided into subgroups to perform statistical analyses. A significant association (OR = 5.00, 95% CI = 1.54-16.20, p = 0.008) was found between low MQ and chronic degenerative disorders as topic of SR. Several challenges in collecting information from the included studies led to some modifications related to the previously registered protocol. These results may serve as a basis for further development of a critical appraisal tool for cell culture studies capable of capturing all the essential factors related to preclinical research, therefore enhancing the practice of evidence-based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Paiva Barbosa
- University of Brasília, Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bastos Silveira
- University of Brasília, Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Juliana Amorim Dos Santos
- University of Brasília, Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mylene Martins Monteiro
- University of Brasília, Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- University of Campinas, Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Graziela De Luca Canto
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cristine Miron Stefani
- University of Brasilia, Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- University of Brasília, Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Arai K, Saito F, Miyazaki M, Kushige H, Izu Y, Maeta N, Yamazoe K. Small Molecules Temporarily Induce Neuronal Features in Adult Canine Dermal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15804. [PMID: 37958789 PMCID: PMC10648228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several methods have been developed to generate neurons from other cell types for performing regeneration therapy and in vitro studies of central nerve disease. Small molecules (SMs) can efficiently induce neuronal features in human and rodent fibroblasts without transgenes. Although canines have been used as a spontaneous disease model of human central nerve, efficient neuronal reprogramming method of canine cells have not been well established. We aimed to induce neuronal features in adult canine dermal fibroblasts (ACDFs) by SMs and assess the permanency of these changes. ACDFs treated with eight SMs developed a round-shaped cell body with branching processes and expressed neuronal proteins, including βIII-tubulin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and neurofilament-medium. Transcriptome profiling revealed the upregulation of neuron-related genes, such as SNAP25 and GRIA4, and downregulation of fibroblast-related genes, such as COL12A1 and CCN5. Calcium fluorescent imaging demonstrated an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration upon stimulation with glutamate and KCl. Although neuronal features were induced similarly in basement membrane extract droplet culture, they diminished after culturing without SMs or in vivo transplantation into an injured spinal cord. In conclusion, SMs temporarily induce neuronal features in ACDFs. However, the analysis of bottlenecks in the neuronal induction is crucial for optimizing the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Arai
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoi-no-oka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan; (M.M.); (H.K.); (N.M.); (K.Y.)
| | - Fumiyo Saito
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoi-no-oka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan;
| | - Masashi Miyazaki
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoi-no-oka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan; (M.M.); (H.K.); (N.M.); (K.Y.)
| | - Haruto Kushige
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoi-no-oka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan; (M.M.); (H.K.); (N.M.); (K.Y.)
| | - Yayoi Izu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoi-no-oka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan;
| | - Noritaka Maeta
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoi-no-oka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan; (M.M.); (H.K.); (N.M.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kazuaki Yamazoe
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoi-no-oka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan; (M.M.); (H.K.); (N.M.); (K.Y.)
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Chen CK, Yang SY, Park SC, Jang OJ, Zhu X, Xiang YT, Ouyang WC, Javed A, Khan MNS, Grover S, Avasthi A, Kallivayalil RA, Chee KY, Chemi N, Kato TA, Hayakawa K, Pariwatcharakul P, Maramis M, Seneviratne L, Sim K, Tang WK, Oo T, Sartorius N, Tan CH, Chong MY, Park YC, Shinfuku N, Lin SK. Clinical use of mood stabilizers beyond treatment for bipolar disorder: The REAP-MS study. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 85:103613. [PMID: 37163943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mood stabilizers are psychotropic drugs mainly used to treat bipolar disorder in the acute phase or for maintenance therapy to prevent relapse. In clinical practice, mood stabilizers are commonly prescribed for conditions other than bipolar disorder. This study investigated the distribution of mood stabilizer prescriptions for different psychiatric diagnoses and studied differences in the drugs, dosage, and plasma concentration in 10 Asian countries including Taiwan, South Korea, Malaysia, China, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Indonesia, and Myanmar. METHODS Patients prescribed mood stabilizers (lithium, carbamazepine, valproic acid, or lamotrigine) for a psychiatric condition other than bipolar disorder (codes F31.0-F31.9 in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition, Clinical Modification) were recruited through convenience sampling. A website-based data entry system was used for data collection. RESULTS In total, 1557 psychiatric patients were enrolled. Schizophrenia, schizotypal, delusional, and other non-mood psychotic disorders (F20-F29, 55.8 %) was the most common diagnosis, followed by non-bipolar mood disorders (F30, F31- F39, 25.3 %), organic mental disorder (F00-F09, 8.8 %), mental retardation (F70-F79, 5.8 %) and anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, somatoform and other nonpsychotic mental disorders (F40-F48, 4.4 %). The most frequently targeted symptoms (>20 %) were irritability (48 %), impulsivity (32.4 %), aggression (29.2 %), anger (20.8 %), and psychosis (24.1 %). Valproic acid was the most frequently used medication. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians typically prescribe mood stabilizers as empirically supported treatment to manage mood symptoms in patients with diagnoses other than bipolar disorders, though there is on official indication for these disorders. The costs and benefits of this add-on symptomatic treatment warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ken Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, the Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, Changyeong, the Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, the Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences & Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wen-Chen Ouyang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Afzal Javed
- Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre, Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Kok Yoon Chee
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, Tunku Abdul Rahman Institute of Neurosciences, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Chemi
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Hayakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Margarita Maramis
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Soetomo Hospital - Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Lakmi Seneviratne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - Kang Sim
- Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, Singapore
| | - Wai Kwong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tin Oo
- Mental Health Hospital, Yangon University of Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Norman Sartorius
- Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programs, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chay-Hoon Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mian-Yoon Chong
- Health Management International, Singapore; Regency Specialist Hospital, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Chon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Naotaka Shinfuku
- School of Human Sciences, Seinan Gakuin University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shih-Ku Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Hospital and Psychiatric Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Nigg JT. Considerations toward an epigenetic and common pathways theory of mental disorder. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2023; 132:297-313. [PMID: 37126061 PMCID: PMC10153068 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Psychopathology emerges from the dynamic interplay of physiological and mental processes and ecological context. It can be seen as a failure of recursive, homeostatic processes to achieve adaptive re-equilibrium. This general statement can be actualized with consideration of polygenic liability, early exposures, and multiunit (multi-"level") analysis of the psychological action and the associated physiological and neural operations, all in the context of the developmental exposome. This article begins by identifying key principles and clarifying key terms necessary to mental disorder theory. It then ventures a sketch of a model that highlights epigenetic dynamics and proposes a common pathways hypothesis toward psychopathology. An epigenetic perspective elevates the importance of developmental context and adaptive systems, particularly in early life, while opening the door to new mechanistic discovery. The key proposal is that a finite number of homeostatic biological and psychological mechanisms are shared across most risky environments (and possibly many genetic liabilities) for psychopathology. Perturbation of these mediating mechanisms leads to development of psychopathology. A focus on dynamic changes in these homeostatic mechanisms across multiple units of analysis and time points can render the problem of explaining psychopathology tractable. Key questions include the mapping of recursive processes over time, at adequate density, as mental disorders unfold across development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University
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Combining schizophrenia and depression polygenic risk scores improves the genetic prediction of lithium response in bipolar disorder patients. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:606. [PMID: 34845190 PMCID: PMC8630000 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is the gold standard therapy for Bipolar Disorder (BD) but its effectiveness differs widely between individuals. The molecular mechanisms underlying treatment response heterogeneity are not well understood, and personalized treatment in BD remains elusive. Genetic analyses of the lithium treatment response phenotype may generate novel molecular insights into lithium's therapeutic mechanisms and lead to testable hypotheses to improve BD management and outcomes. We used fixed effect meta-analysis techniques to develop meta-analytic polygenic risk scores (MET-PRS) from combinations of highly correlated psychiatric traits, namely schizophrenia (SCZ), major depression (MD) and bipolar disorder (BD). We compared the effects of cross-disorder MET-PRS and single genetic trait PRS on lithium response. For the PRS analyses, we included clinical data on lithium treatment response and genetic information for n = 2283 BD cases from the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLi+Gen; www.ConLiGen.org ). Higher SCZ and MD PRSs were associated with poorer lithium treatment response whereas BD-PRS had no association with treatment outcome. The combined MET2-PRS comprising of SCZ and MD variants (MET2-PRS) and a model using SCZ and MD-PRS sequentially improved response prediction, compared to single-disorder PRS or to a combined score using all three traits (MET3-PRS). Patients in the highest decile for MET2-PRS loading had 2.5 times higher odds of being classified as poor responders than patients with the lowest decile MET2-PRS scores. An exploratory functional pathway analysis of top MET2-PRS variants was conducted. Findings may inform the development of future testing strategies for personalized lithium prescribing in BD.
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Tang L, Liu J, Zhu Y, Duan J, Chen Y, Wei Y, Gong X, Wang F, Tang Y. ANK3 Gene Polymorphism Rs10994336 Influences Executive Functions by Modulating Methylation in Patients With Bipolar Disorder. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:682873. [PMID: 34421516 PMCID: PMC8371237 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.682873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A large body of evidence suggests that epigenetic modification including DNA methylation plays a critical role in BD's pathogenesis while the identification of methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) shed light on the interpretation of the function of genetic variants in non-coding regions. The intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10994336 within the ANK3 has emerged as one of the most replicated risk variants for bipolar disorder (BD) in genome-wide association studies. Whether rs10994336 functions as a meQTL to mediate the association between genotype and phenotype remains unclear. Method: A total of 154 patients with BD and 181 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. The genotypes of rs10994336 and methylation levels of CpG sites within ANK3 were tested. Executive functions were assessed using a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Results: Bipolar disorder patients with the risk-T allele of rs10994336 scored lower on tests of executive function compared to homozygous CC carriers, after controlling for age, gender, and education level. No significant difference was found in HC individuals. The risk-T allele is associated with a lower methylation level of CpG site cg02172182 in HC after multiple corrections and replicated in the BD group in the same direction. Further mediation analysis revealed that the cg02172182 methylation significantly mediated the association between the polymorphism rs10994336 and PE index of WCST in patients with BD. Conclusion: Our study suggests that BD-related genetic variant rs10994336 in ANK3 impacts executive functions by modulating ANK3 methylation, supporting the theory that methylation acts as a mediator between genotype and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yange Wei
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Peng W, Tan Q, Yu M, Wang P, Wang T, Yuan J, Liu D, Chen D, Huang C, Tan Y, Liu K, Xiang B, Liang X. Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Potential Mechanisms of Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy in Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:385-391. [PMID: 33910328 PMCID: PMC8169330 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia (SCZ) is one of the most common and severe mental disorders. Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) is the most effective therapy for all kinds of SCZ, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study is aim to detect the molecule mechanism by constructing the transcriptome dataset from SCZ patients treated with MECT and health controls (HCs). METHODS Transcriptome sequencing was performed on blood samples of 8 SCZ (BECT: before MECT; AECT: after MECT) and 8 HCs, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to cluster the different expression genes, enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) enrichment analysis were used to detect the related pathways. RESULTS Three gene modules (black, blue and turquoise) were significantly associated with MECT, enrichment analysis found that the long-term potentiation pathway was associated with MECT. PPI enrichment p-value of black, blue, turquoise module are 0.00127, <1×10-16 and 1.09×10-13, respectively. At the same time, EP300 is a key node in the PPI for genes in black module, which got from the transcriptome sequencing data. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the long-term potentiation pathways were associated with biological mechanism of MECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhong Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Minglan Yu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Zigong Mental Health Research Center, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, China
| | - Jixiang Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yibin Fourth People's Hospital, Yibin, China
| | - Dechao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yibin Fourth People's Hospital, Yibin, China
| | - Chaohua Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Youguo Tan
- Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, China
| | - Kezhi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Zigong Mental Health Research Center, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, China
| | - Xuemei Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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The "missing heritability"-Problem in psychiatry: Is the interaction of genetics, epigenetics and transposable elements a potential solution? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:23-42. [PMID: 33757815 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders exhibit an enormous burden on the health care systems worldwide accounting for around one-third of years lost due to disability among adults. Their etiology is largely unknown and diagnostic classification is based on symptomatology and course of illness and not on objective biomarkers. Most psychiatric disorders are moderately to highly heritable. However, it is still unknown what mechanisms may explain the discrepancy between heritability estimates and the present data from genetic analysis. In addition to genetic differences also epigenetic modifications are considered as potentially relevant in the transfer of susceptibility to psychiatric diseases. Though, whether or not epigenetic alterations can be inherited for many generations is highly controversial. In the present article, we will critically summarize both the genetic findings and the results from epigenetic analyses, including also those of noncoding RNAs. We will argue that one possible solution to the "missing heritability" problem in psychiatry is a potential role of retrotransposons, the exploration of which is presently only in its beginnings.
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Sinha P, Cree SL, Miller AL, Pearson JF, Kennedy MA. Transcriptional analysis of sodium valproate in a serotonergic cell line reveals gene regulation through both HDAC inhibition-dependent and independent mechanisms. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2021; 21:359-375. [PMID: 33649518 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sodium valproate (VPA) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, widely prescribed in the treatment of bipolar disorder, and yet the precise modes of therapeutic action for this drug are not fully understood. After exposure of the rat serotonergic cell line RN46A to VPA, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis showed widespread changes in gene expression. Analysis by four bioinformatic pipelines revealed as many as 230 genes were significantly upregulated and 72 genes were significantly downregulated. A subset of 23 differentially expressed genes was selected for validation using the nCounter® platform, and of these we obtained robust validation for ADAM23, LSP1, MAOB, MMP13, PAK3, SERPINB2, SNAP91, WNT6, and ZCCHC12. We investigated the effect of lithium on this subset and found four genes, CDKN1C, LSP1, SERPINB2, and WNT6 co-regulated by lithium and VPA. We also explored the effects of other HDAC inhibitors and the VPA analogue valpromide on the subset of 23 selected genes. Expression of eight of these genes, CDKN1C, MAOB, MMP13, NGFR, SHANK3, VGF, WNT6 and ZCCHC12, was modified by HDAC inhibition, whereas others did not appear to respond to several HDAC inhibitors tested. These results suggest VPA may regulate genes through both HDAC-dependent and independent mechanisms. Understanding the broader gene regulatory effects of VPA in this serotonergic cell model should provide insights into how this drug works and whether other HDAC inhibitor compounds may have similar gene regulatory effects, as well as highlighting molecular processes that may underlie regulation of mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sinha
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Simone L Cree
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Allison L Miller
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John F Pearson
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martin A Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. .,Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Genome-wide methylation association with current suicidal ideation in schizophrenia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1315-1322. [PMID: 32661777 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the epigenetic mechanisms associated with current suicidal ideation. Gene expression changes have been found in post-mortem brain of suicide victims. However, it is not clear how in-vivo gene expression change confers risk for suicide. DNA methylation is a form of epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression. Our primary aim is to investigate genome-wide methylation in conferring risk for current suicidal ideation (SI) in schizophrenia. The presence of current SI and genome-wide methylation patterns were assessed in 107 patients with schizophrenia. DNA methylation has been measured in white blood cells as a possible peripheral biomarker of SI. SI was the primary outcome variable in a model including methylation status of white blood cells using the Illumina 450 array. We have tested the association with genome-wide methylation levels in 19 subjects with current SI and 88 subjects without current SI and we found that higher methylation level in the CpG cg06121808 located in the gene SLC20A1 on chromosome 2 was associated with current SI (p = 0.000003; beta difference = 0.06). Furthermore, the distal promoter analysis showed that the gene SMPD2 was hypermethylated in suicide ideators (p = 0.0001; beta difference = 0.02). Thus, molecular biomarkers could advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of stress-related SI. Furthermore, the methylation sites that we have identified should be replicated in other suicide related phenotypes to generate robust biomarkers with high translational value for proof of concept interventions aiming at reducing SI.
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