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Okamoto CK, van den Berg CW, Pohl PC, Tambourgi DV. Role of the complement system in kidney cell death induced by Loxosceles venom Sphingomyelinases D. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1561-1572. [PMID: 38498159 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Envenomation by Loxosceles spiders can result in local and systemic pathologies. Systemic loxoscelism, which can lead to death, is characterized by intravascular hemolysis, platelet aggregation, and acute kidney injury. Sphingomyelinase D (SMase D) in Loxosceles spider venom is responsible for both local and systemic pathologies, and has been shown to induce metalloprotease activity. As the complement system is involved in many renal pathologies and is involved in hemolysis in systemic loxoscelism, the aim of this study was to investigate its role and the role of complement regulators and metalloproteases in an in vitro model of Loxosceles venom induced renal pathology. We investigated the effects of the venom/SMase D and the complement system on the HK-2 kidney cell line. Using cell viability assays, western blotting, and flow cytometry, we show that human serum, as a source of complement, enhanced the venom/SMase D induced cell death and the deposition of complement components and properdin. Inhibitors for ADAM-10 and ADAM-17 prevented the venom induced release of the of the complement regulator MCP/CD46 and reduced the venom/SMase D induced cell death. Our results show that the complement system can contribute to Loxosceles venom induced renal pathology. We therefore suggest that patients experiencing systemic loxoscelism may benefit from treatment with metalloproteinase inhibitors and complement inhibitors, but this proposition should be further analyzed in future pre-clinical and clinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen W van den Berg
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paula C Pohl
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Pinto BF, Lopes PH, Trufen CEM, Ching ATC, De Azevedo IDLMJ, Nishiyama MY, Pohl PC, Tambourgi DV. Role of ErbB and IL-1 signaling pathways in the dermonecrotic lesion induced by Loxosceles sphingomyelinases D. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:3285-3301. [PMID: 37707622 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelinase D (SMase D), the main toxic component of Loxosceles venom, has a well-documented role on dermonecrotic lesion triggered by envenomation with these species; however, the intracellular mechanisms involved in this event are still poorly known. Through differential transcriptomics of human keratinocytes treated with L. laeta or L. intermedia SMases D, we identified 323 DEGs, common to both treatments, as well as upregulation of molecules involved in the IL-1 and ErbB signaling. Since these pathways are related to inflammation and wound healing, respectively, we investigated the relative expression of some molecules related to these pathways by RT-qPCR and observed different expression profiles over time. Although, after 24 h of treatment, both SMases D induced similar modulation of these pathways in keratinocytes, L. intermedia SMase D induced earlier modulation compared to L. laeta SMase D treatment. Positive expression correlations of the molecules involved in the IL-1 signaling were also observed after SMases D treatment, confirming their inflammatory action. In addition, we detected higher relative expression of the inhibitor of the ErbB signaling pathway, ERRFI1, and positive correlations between this molecule and pro-inflammatory mediators after SMases D treatment. Thus, herein, we describe the cell pathways related to the exacerbation of inflammation and to the failure of the wound healing, highlighting the contribution of the IL-1 signaling pathway and the ERRFI1 for the development of cutaneous loxoscelism.
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3
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Richards NJ, Alqallaf A, Mitchell RD, Parnell A, Haidar HB, Almeida JR, Williams J, Vijayakumar P, Balogun A, Matsakas A, Trim SA, Patel K, Vaiyapuri S. Indian Ornamental Tarantula ( Poecilotheria regalis) Venom Affects Myoblast Function and Causes Skeletal Muscle Damage. Cells 2023; 12:2074. [PMID: 37626884 PMCID: PMC10453882 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Envenomation by the Indian ornamental tarantula (Poecilotheria regalis) is medically relevant to humans, both in its native India and worldwide, where they are kept as pets. Muscle-related symptoms such as cramps and pain are commonly reported in humans following envenomation by this species. There is no specific treatment, including antivenom, for its envenomation. Moreover, the scientific knowledge of the impact of this venom on skeletal muscle function is highly limited. Therefore, we carried out this study to better understand the myotoxic properties of Poecilotheria regalis venom by determining its effects in cultured myoblasts and in the tibialis anterior muscle in mice. While there was no effect found on undifferentiated myoblasts, the venom affected differentiated multinucleated myotubes resulting in the reduction of fusion and atrophy of myotubes. Similarly, intramuscular administration of this venom in the tibialis anterior muscle in mice resulted in extensive muscle damage on day 5. However, by day 10, the regeneration was evident, and the regeneration process continued until day 20. Nevertheless, some tissue abnormalities including reduced dystrophin expression and microthrombi presence were observed on day 20. Overall, this study demonstrates the ability of this venom to induce significant muscle damage and affect its regeneration in the early stages. These data provide novel mechanistic insights into this venom-induced muscle damage and guide future studies to isolate and characterise individual toxic component(s) that induce muscle damage and their significance in developing better therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Richards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (N.J.R.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (H.B.H.)
| | - Ali Alqallaf
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (N.J.R.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (H.B.H.)
- Medical Services Authority, Ministry of Defence, Kuwait City 13012, Kuwait
| | | | - Andrew Parnell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (N.J.R.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (H.B.H.)
- Micregen Ltd., Thames Valley Science Park, Reading RG2 9LH, UK;
| | - Husain Bin Haidar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (N.J.R.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (H.B.H.)
| | - José R. Almeida
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (J.R.A.); (J.W.); (P.V.)
| | - Jarred Williams
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (J.R.A.); (J.W.); (P.V.)
| | - Pradeep Vijayakumar
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (J.R.A.); (J.W.); (P.V.)
| | - Adedoyin Balogun
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | | | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (N.J.R.); (A.A.); (A.P.); (H.B.H.)
| | - Sakthivel Vaiyapuri
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (J.R.A.); (J.W.); (P.V.)
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4
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Wang K, Xuan Z, Liu X, Zheng M, Yang C, Wang H. Immunomodulatory role of metalloproteinase ADAM17 in tumor development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059376. [PMID: 36466812 PMCID: PMC9715963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAM17 is a member of the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of transmembrane proteases involved in the shedding of some cell membrane proteins and regulating various signaling pathways. More than 90 substrates are regulated by ADAM17, some of which are closely relevant to tumor formation and development. Besides, ADAM17 is also responsible for immune regulation and its substrate-mediated signal transduction. Recently, ADAM17 has been considered as a major target for the treatment of tumors and yet its immunomodulatory roles and mechanisms remain unclear. In this paper, we summarized the recent understanding of structure and several regulatory roles of ADAM17. Importantly, we highlighted the immunomodulatory roles of ADAM17 in tumor development, as well as small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting ADAM17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zixue Xuan
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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5
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Evaluation of the effects of Loxosceles intermedia’s venom in zebrafish. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1410-1418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Alvarenga LM, Cardenas GAC, Jiacomini IG, Ramírez MI. A new insight into the cellular mechanisms of envenomation: Elucidating the role of extracellular vesicles in Loxoscelism. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:202-212. [PMID: 34314803 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Envenomation by the Loxosceles genus spiders is a recurring health issue worldwide and specially in the Americas. The physiopathology of the envenomation is tightly associated to the venom's rich toxin composition, able to produce a local dermonecrotic lesion that can evolve systemically and if worsened, might result in multiple organ failure and lethality. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved with the physiopathology of Loxoscelism are not completely understood, however, the venom's Phospholipases D (PLDs) are known to trigger membrane injury in various cell types. Here, we report for the first time the Loxosceles venom's ability to stimulate the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in various human cell lineages. Components of the Loxosceles venom were also detectable in the cargo of these vesicles, suggesting that they may be implicated in the process of extracellular venom release. EVs from venom treated cells exhibited phospholipase D activity and were able to induce in vitro hemolysis in human red blood cells and alter the HEK cell membranes' permeability. Nonetheless, the PLD activity was inhibited when an anti-venom PLDs monoclonal antibody was co-administered with the whole venom. In summary, our findings shed new light on the mechanisms underlying cellular events in the context of loxoscelism and suggest a crucial role of EVs in the process of envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Magalhães Alvarenga
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | | | - Isabella Gizzi Jiacomini
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramírez
- EVAHPI - Extracellular Vesicles and Host-Parasite Interactions Research Group Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistemática de Tripanossomatideos, Instituto Carlos Chagas-Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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7
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Lopes PH, Fukushima CS, Shoji R, Bertani R, Tambourgi DV. Sphingomyelinase D Activity in Sicarius tropicus Venom: Toxic Potential and Clues to the Evolution of SMases D in the Sicariidae Family. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:256. [PMID: 33916208 PMCID: PMC8066738 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The spider family Sicariidae includes three genera, Hexophthalma, Sicarius and Loxosceles. The three genera share a common characteristic in their venoms: the presence of Sphingomyelinases D (SMase D). SMases D are considered the toxins that cause the main pathological effects of the Loxosceles venom, that is, those responsible for the development of loxoscelism. Some studies have shown that Sicarius spiders have less or undetectable SMase D activity in their venoms, when compared to Hexophthalma. In contrast, our group has shown that Sicarius ornatus, a Brazilian species, has active SMase D and toxic potential to envenomation. However, few species of Sicarius have been characterized for their toxic potential. In order to contribute to a better understanding about the toxicity of Sicarius venoms, the aim of this study was to characterize the toxic properties of male and female venoms from Sicarius tropicus and compare them with that from Loxosceles laeta, one of the most toxic Loxosceles venoms. We show here that S. tropicus venom presents active SMases D. However, regarding hemolysis development, it seems that these toxins in this species present different molecular mechanisms of action than that described for Loxosceles venoms, whereas it is similar to those present in bacteria containing SMase D. Besides, our results also suggest that, in addition to the interspecific differences, intraspecific variations in the venoms' composition may play a role in the toxic potential of venoms from Sicarius species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Hess Lopes
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.H.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Caroline Sayuri Fukushima
- Special Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (R.B.)
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rosana Shoji
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.H.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Rogério Bertani
- Special Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Denise V. Tambourgi
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.H.L.); (R.S.)
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8
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Lopes PH, Fukushima CS, Shoji R, Bertani R, Tambourgi DV. Searching for the toxic potential of Loxosceles amazonica and Loxosceles willianilsoni spiders' venoms. Toxicon 2020; 191:1-8. [PMID: 33347860 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Loxosceles genus belongs to the Sicariidae family and it comprises species whose venom can cause accidents with potentially fatal consequences. We have previously shown that SMase D is the enzyme responsible for the main pathological effects of Loxosceles venom. Despite the severity of accidents with Loxosceles, few species are considered to be of medical importance. Little is known about the venom of non-synanthropic species that live in natural environments. To contribute to a better understanding about the venom's toxicity of Loxosceles genus, the aim of this study was to (i) characterize the toxic properties of Loxosceles amazonica from two different localities and a recent described cave species Loxosceles willianilsoni and (ii) compare these venoms with that from Loxosceles laeta, which is among the most toxic ones. We show here that both L. amazonica venoms (from the two studied locations) and L. willianilsoni presented SMase D activity similar to that exhibited by L. laeta venom. Although L. amazonica and L. willianilsoni venoms were able to induce complement dependent human erythrocytes lysis, they were not able to induce cell death of human keratinocytes, as promoted by L. laeta venom, in the concentrations tested. These results indicate that other species of Loxosceles, in addition to those classified as medically important, have toxic potential to cause accidents in humans, despite interspecific variations that denote possible less toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Sayuri Fukushima
- Special Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rosana Shoji
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Bertani
- Special Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Wei X, Zhang L, Zhang R, Wu R, Si D, Ahmad B, Petitte JN, Mozdziak PE, Li Z, Guo H, Zhang M. A highly efficient hybrid peptide ameliorates intestinal inflammation and mucosal barrier damage by neutralizing lipopolysaccharides and antagonizing the lipopolysaccharide-receptor interaction. FASEB J 2020; 34:16049-16072. [PMID: 33058296 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903263rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, are major contributors to mortality and morbidity in humans and animals worldwide. While some native peptides have great potential as therapeutic agents against intestinal inflammation, potential cytotoxicity, anti-inciting action, and suppression of anti-inflammatory activity may limit their development as anti-inflammatory agents. Peptide hybridization is an effective approach for the design and engineering of novel functional peptides because hybrid peptides combine the advantages and benefits of various native peptides. In the present study, a novel hybrid anti-inflammatory peptide that combines the active center of Cecropin A (C) and the core functional region of LL-37 (L) was designed [C-L peptide; C (1-8)-L (17-30)] through in silico analysis to reduce cytotoxicity and improve the anti-inflammatory activity of the parental peptides. The resulting C-L peptide exhibited lower cytotoxicity than either C or L peptides alone. C-L also exerted a protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages and in the intestines of a mouse model. The hybrid peptide exhibited increased anti-inflammatory activity compared to the parental peptides. C-L plays a role in protecting intestinal tissue from damage, LPS-induced weight loss, and leukocyte infiltration. In addition, C-L reduces the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), as well as reduces cell apoptosis. It also reduced mucosal barrier damage caused by LPS. The anti-inflammatory effects of the hybrid peptide were mainly attributed to its LPS-neutralizing activity and antagonizing the activation of LPS-induced Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD2). The peptide also affected the TLR4-(nuclear factor κB) signaling pathway, modulating the inflammatory response upon LPS stimulation. Collectively, these findings suggest that the newly designed peptide, C-L, could be developed into a novel anti-inflammatory agent for animals or humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rujuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baseer Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - James N Petitte
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Paul E Mozdziak
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zhongxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Henan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Manyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ben Yekhlef R, Felicori L, Santos LH, F. B. Oliveira C, Fadhloun R, Torabi E, Shahbazzadeh D, Pooshang Bagheri K, Salgado Ferreira R, Borchani L. Antigenic and Substrate Preference Differences between Scorpion and Spider Dermonecrotic Toxins, a Comparative Investigation. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E631. [PMID: 33019554 PMCID: PMC7601583 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion and brown spider Loxosceles intermedia represent a public health problem in Asia and America, respectively. Although distinct, these organisms contain similar toxins responsible for the principal clinical signs of envenomation. To better understand the properties of these toxins, we designed a study to compare recombinant Heminecrolysin (rHNC) and rLiD1, the major phospholipase D toxins of scorpion and spider venom, respectively. Using a competitive ELISA and a hemolytic inhibition test, we come to spot a cross reaction between scorpion and spider venoms along with an epitopic similarity between rHNC and rLiD1 associated with neutralizing antibodies. Results show that the ability of the rHNC to hydrolyze lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is equivalent to that of rLiD1 to hydrolyze sphingomyelin and vice-versa. rHNC exclusively catalyze transphosphatidylation of LPC producing cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA). The in-silico analysis of hydrogen bonds between LPC and toxins provides a possible explanation for the higher transphosphatidylase activity of rHNC. Interestingly, for the first time, we reveal that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) can be a substrate for both enzymes using cellular and enzymatic assays. The finding of the usage of LPA as a substrate as well as the formation of cPA as an end product could shed more light on the molecular basis of Hemiscorpius lepturus envenomation as well as on loxoscelism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramla Ben Yekhlef
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR16IPT08, Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (R.B.Y.); (R.F.)
| | - Liza Felicori
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universida de Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (L.F.); (L.H.S.); (C.F.B.O.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Lucianna Helene Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universida de Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (L.F.); (L.H.S.); (C.F.B.O.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Camila F. B. Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universida de Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (L.F.); (L.H.S.); (C.F.B.O.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Raoudha Fadhloun
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR16IPT08, Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (R.B.Y.); (R.F.)
| | - Elham Torabi
- Venom and Biotherapeutic Molecules Lab., Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; (E.T.); (D.S.); (K.P.B.)
| | - Delavar Shahbazzadeh
- Venom and Biotherapeutic Molecules Lab., Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; (E.T.); (D.S.); (K.P.B.)
| | - Kamran Pooshang Bagheri
- Venom and Biotherapeutic Molecules Lab., Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; (E.T.); (D.S.); (K.P.B.)
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universida de Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (L.F.); (L.H.S.); (C.F.B.O.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Lamia Borchani
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR16IPT08, Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (R.B.Y.); (R.F.)
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11
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Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human keratinocytes triggered by sphingomyelinase D from Loxosceles venom. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3563-3577. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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