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Zhou W, Yang X, Yin Y, Chen S, Yang L, Li T, Liu J, Lu B, Yang Z, Li R, Zhang M. Ursodeoxycholic acid loaded dual-modified graphene oxide nanocomposite alleviates cholestatic liver injury through inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 238:113904. [PMID: 38603845 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the preferred treatment for various types of cholestasis, however, its effectiveness is limited because of its insolubility in water. We used polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) to double-modify graphite oxide (PPG) as a drug delivery system. UDCA was successfully loaded onto PPG through intermolecular interactions to form UDCA-PPG nanoparticles. UDCA-PPG nanoparticles not only improve the solubility and dispersibility of UDCA, but also have good biocompatibility and stability, which significantly improve the delivery rate of UDCA. The results indicated that UDCA-PPG significantly reduced ROS levels, promoted cell proliferation, protected mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced DNA damage and reduced apoptosis in the DCA-induced cell model. In a mouse cholestasis model established by bile duct ligation (BDL), UDCA-PPG improved liver necrosis, fibrosis, and mitochondrial damage and reduced serum ALT and AST levels, which were superior to those in the UDCA-treated group. UDCA-PPG reduced the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins, Caspase-3 and Bax, increased the expression of Bcl-2, and reduced the expression of the oxidative stress-related proteins, NQO and HO-1, as well as the autophagy-related proteins LC3, p62 and p-p62. Therefore, UDCA-PPG can enhance the therapeutic effect of UDCA in cholestasis, by significantly improving drug dispersibility and stability, extending circulation time in vivo, promoting absorption, decreasing ROS levels, enhancing autophagy flow and inhibiting apoptosis via the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Zhou
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Military Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yaru Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Military Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Pediatric Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Luxun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Military Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Military Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Military Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Binghui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Military Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhangyou Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Military Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Mingman Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400015, China.
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Pham HN, Pham L, Sato K. Navigating the liver landscape: upcoming pharmacotherapies for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38813599 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2362263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a bile duct disorder characterized by ductular reaction, hepatic inflammation, and liver fibrosis. The pathogenesis of PSC is still undefined, and treatment options for patients are limited. Previous clinical trials evaluated drug candidates targeting various cellular functions and pathways, such as bile acid signaling and absorption, gut bacteria and permeability, and lipid metabolisms. However, most of phase III clinical trials for PSC were disappointing, except vancomycin therapy, and there are still no established medications for PSC with efficacy and safety confirmed by phase IV clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the currently ongoing or completed clinical studies for PSC, which are phase II or further, and discusses therapeutic targets and strategies, limitations, and future directions and possibilities of PSC treatments. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov utilizing the combination of the searched term 'primary sclerosing cholangitis' with other keywords, such as 'clinical trials,' 'antibiotics,' or drug names. Clinical trials at phase II or further were included for consideration. EXPERT OPINION Only vancomycin demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in the phase III clinical trial. Other drug candidates showed futility or inconsistent results, and the search for novel PSC treatments is still ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Nam Pham
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Pham
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University - Central Texas, Killeen, TX, USA
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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3
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Zhang W, Wu H, Luo S, Lu X, Tan X, Wen L, Ma X, Efferth T. Molecular insights into experimental models and therapeutics for cholestasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116594. [PMID: 38615607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) is a range of conditions caused by the accumulation of bile acids (BAs) or disruptions in bile flow, which can harm the liver and bile ducts. To investigate its pathogenesis and treatment, it is essential to establish and assess experimental models of cholestasis, which have significant clinical value. However, owing to the complex pathogenesis of cholestasis, a single modelling method can merely reflect one or a few pathological mechanisms, and each method has its adaptability and limitations. We summarize the existing experimental models of cholestasis, including animal models, gene-knockout models, cell models, and organoid models. We also describe the main types of cholestatic disease simulated clinically. This review provides an overview of targeted therapy used for treating cholestasis based on the current research status of cholestasis models. In addition, we discuss the respective advantages and disadvantages of different models of cholestasis to help establish experimental models that resemble clinical disease conditions. In sum, this review not only outlines the current research with cholestasis models but also projects prospects for clinical treatment, thereby bridging basic research and practical therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hefei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiman Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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Dietz-Fricke C, Degasperi E, Jachs M, Maasoumy B, Reiter FP, Geier A, Grottenthaler JM, Berg CP, Sprinzl K, Zeuzem S, Gödiker J, Schlevogt B, Herta T, Wiegand J, Soffredini R, Wedemeyer H, Deterding K, Reiberger T, Lampertico P. Safety and efficacy of off-label bulevirtide monotherapy in patients with HDV with decompensated Child-B cirrhosis-A real-world case series. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00803. [PMID: 38478755 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic hepatitis D is the most debilitating form of viral hepatitis frequently progressing to cirrhosis and subsequent decompensation. However, the HDV entry inhibitor bulevirtide is only approved for antiviral treatment of patients with compensated disease. We aimed for the analysis of real-world data on the off-label use of bulevirtide in the setting of decompensated liver cirrhosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS We conducted a retrospective study in patients with HDV with decompensated liver disease at German, Austrian, and Italian centers. We included 19 patients (47% male, mean age: 51 years) with liver cirrhosis Child-Pugh B. The median MELD score was 12 (range 9-17) at treatment initiation. The median observation period was 41 weeks. Virologic response was achieved in 74% and normal alanine aminotransferase was observed in 74%. The combined response was achieved by 42%. The most relevant adverse events included self-limited alanine aminotransferase flares, an asymptomatic increase in bile acids, and the need for liver transplantation. Despite bile acid increases, adverse events were considered unrelated. Clinical and laboratory improvement from Child-Pugh B to A occurred in 47% (n = 9/19). Improvements in the amount of ascites were observed in 58% of the patients initially presenting with ascites (n = 7/12). CONCLUSIONS This report on off-label bulevirtide treatment in patients with decompensated HDV cirrhosis shows similar virologic and biochemical response rates as observed in compensated liver disease. Significant improvements were observed in surrogates of hepatic function and portal hypertension. However, this improvement was not seen in all patients. Controlled trials are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of bulevirtide in decompensated HDV cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dietz-Fricke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Degasperi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mathias Jachs
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Maasoumy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian P Reiter
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Hepatology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Geier
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Hepatology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Julia M Grottenthaler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hepatology, Infectiology, and Geriatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph P Berg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hepatology, Infectiology, and Geriatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sprinzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Juliana Gödiker
- Department of Medicine B, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schlevogt
- Department of Medicine B, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Toni Herta
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Hepatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Wiegand
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Hepatology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberta Soffredini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- D-SOLVE Consortium, a EU Horizon Europe funded project (No 101057917)
- Excellence Cluster Resist, Hannover Medical School, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katja Deterding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Reiberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pietro Lampertico
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, CRC "A. M. and A. Migliavacca" Center for Liver Disease, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Li Y, Peng X, Wang G, Zan B, Wang Y, Zou J, Tian T, Meng Q, Shi R, Wang T, Wu J, Ma Y. Identifying hepatoprotective mechanism and effective components of Yinchenzhufu decoction in chronic cholestatic liver injury using a comprehensive strategy based on metabolomics, molecular biology, pharmacokinetics, and cytology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117060. [PMID: 37598769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), cholestasis liver disease belongs to jaundice. Yinchenzhufu decoction (YCZFD) is a classic formula used for treating jaundice. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to investigate the potential mechanism and effective components of YCZFD in chronic cholestatic liver injury (CCLI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A chronic cholestatic mouse model induced by 3, 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-dihydroxychollidine was used to investigate the effect of YCZFD. Then, metabolomics was used to investigate the metabolites influenced by YCZFD. Serum and liver bile acid (BA) levels were measured using liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the gene and protein expressions of BA transporters and metabolic enzymes were detected. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics of multiple components of YCZFD was explored to clarify the potential effective components. The effects of absorbed components of YCZFD on BA metabolism and transporter function, inflammation, and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) activation were analyzed using sandwich cultured rat hepatocytes, AML12 cells, and dual-luciferase receptor systems, respectively. RESULTS YCZFD decreased the liver damage in chronic cholestatic mice. Serum metabolomics results indicated that the main pathways influenced by YCZFD involved primary BA biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism. YCZFD upregulated the expression of FXR, PXR, and BA efflux transporters and the metabolic enzymes of liver tissues, promoting BA excretion and metabolism in cholestatic mice. Additionally, YCZFD downregulated the expression of genes and proteins of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway and decreased liver inflammation. The pharmacokinetic study indicated that multiple components showed different pharmacokinetic properties. Among the absorbed components of YCZFD, multiple components activated the transcription of FXR and PXR, regulated BA transporters and metabolic enzyme function, and reduced the gene expression of TLR4 and NF-κB1. CONCLUSION YCZFD can ameliorate CCLI by promoting the excretion and metabolism of BAs and inhibiting inflammation via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. The multiple components of YCZFD could act on BA homeostasis regulation and anti-inflammation, exhibiting a combined effect against CCLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaotian Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guofeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Zan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yahang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Juan Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qian Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Sutton H, Karpen SJ, Kamath BM. Pediatric Cholestatic Diseases: Common and Unique Pathogenic Mechanisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:319-344. [PMID: 38265882 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-025623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cholestasis is the predominate feature of many pediatric hepatobiliary diseases. The physiologic flow of bile requires multiple complex processes working in concert. Bile acid (BA) synthesis and excretion, the formation and flow of bile, and the enterohepatic reuptake of BAs all function to maintain the circulation of BAs, a key molecule in lipid digestion, metabolic and cellular signaling, and, as discussed in the review, a crucial mediator in the pathogenesis of cholestasis. Disruption of one or several of these steps can result in the accumulation of toxic BAs in bile ducts and hepatocytes leading to inflammation, fibrosis, and, over time, biliary and hepatic cirrhosis. Biliary atresia, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and Alagille syndrome are four of the most common pediatric cholestatic conditions. Through understanding the commonalities and differences in these diseases, the important cellular mechanistic underpinnings of cholestasis can be greater appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Sutton
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Saul J Karpen
- Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Binita M Kamath
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
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Andrews SG, Koehle AM, Paudel D, Neuberger T, Ross AC, Singh V, Bottiglieri T, Castro R. Diet-Induced Severe Hyperhomocysteinemia Promotes Atherosclerosis Progression and Dysregulates the Plasma Metabolome in Apolipoprotein-E-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:330. [PMID: 38337615 PMCID: PMC10856797 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and resulting cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the US. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), or the accumulation of the intermediate amino acid homocysteine, is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, but the intricate biological processes mediating this effect remain elusive. Several factors regulate homocysteine levels, including the activity of several enzymes and adequate levels of their coenzymes, including pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6), folate (vitamin B9), and methylcobalamin (vitamin B12). To better understand the biological influence of HHcy on the development and progression of atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE-/- mice), a model for human atherosclerosis, were fed a hyperhomocysteinemic diet (low in methyl donors and B vitamins) (HHD) or a control diet (CD). After eight weeks, the plasma, aorta, and liver were collected to quantify methylation metabolites, while plasma was also used for a broad targeted metabolomic analysis. Aortic plaque burden in the brachiocephalic artery (BCA) was quantified via 14T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A severe accumulation of plasma and hepatic homocysteine and an increased BCA plaque burden were observed, thus confirming the atherogenic effect of the HHD. Moreover, a decreased methylation capacity in the plasma and aorta, indirectly assessed by the ratio of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM:SAH) was detected in HHD mice together with a 172-fold increase in aortic cystathionine levels, indicating increased flux through the transsulfuration pathway. Betaine and its metabolic precursor, choline, were significantly decreased in the livers of HHD mice versus CD mice. Widespread changes in the plasma metabolome of HHD mice versus CD animals were detected, including alterations in acylcarnitines, amino acids, bile acids, ceramides, sphingomyelins, triacylglycerol levels, and several indicators of dysfunctional lipid metabolism. This study confirms the relevance of severe HHcy in the progression of vascular plaque and suggests novel metabolic pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Andrews
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Anthony M. Koehle
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Devendra Paudel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A. Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA;
| | - Rita Castro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Ortiz K, Cetin Z, Sun Y, Hu Z, Kurihara T, Tafaleng EN, Florentino RM, Ostrowska A, Soto-Gutierrez A, Faccioli LA. Human Hepatocellular response in Cholestatic Liver Diseases. Organogenesis 2023; 19:2247576. [PMID: 37598346 PMCID: PMC10444014 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2023.2247576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), the most common types of cholestatic liver disease (CLD), result in enterohepatic obstruction, bile acid accumulation, and hepatotoxicity. The mechanisms by which hepatocytes respond to and cope with CLD remain largely unexplored. This study includes the characterization of hepatocytes isolated from explanted livers of patients with PBC and PSC. We examined the expression of hepatocyte-specific genes, intracellular bile acid (BA) levels, and oxidative stress in primary-human-hepatocytes (PHHs) isolated from explanted livers of patients with PBC and PSC and compared them with control normal human hepatocytes. Our findings provide valuable initial insights into the hepatocellular response to cholestasis in CLD and help support the use of PHHs as an experimental tool for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Ortiz
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zeliha Cetin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yiyue Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takeshi Kurihara
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edgar N. Tafaleng
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rodrigo M. Florentino
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Human Synthetic Liver Biology Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alina Ostrowska
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Human Synthetic Liver Biology Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Human Synthetic Liver Biology Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lanuza A.P. Faccioli
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Human Synthetic Liver Biology Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Lalloyer F, Mogilenko DA, Verrijken A, Haas JT, Lamazière A, Kouach M, Descat A, Caron S, Vallez E, Derudas B, Gheeraert C, Baugé E, Despres G, Dirinck E, Tailleux A, Dombrowicz D, Van Gaal L, Eeckhoute J, Lefebvre P, Goossens JF, Francque S, Staels B. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass induces hepatic transcriptomic signatures and plasma metabolite changes indicative of improved cholesterol homeostasis. J Hepatol 2023; 79:898-909. [PMID: 37230231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), the most effective surgical procedure for weight loss, decreases obesity and ameliorates comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and cardiovascular (CVD) diseases. Cholesterol is a major CVD risk factor and modulator of NAFLD development, and the liver tightly controls its metabolism. How RYGB surgery modulates systemic and hepatic cholesterol metabolism is still unclear. METHODS We studied the hepatic transcriptome of 26 patients with obesity but not diabetes before and 1 year after undergoing RYGB. In parallel, we measured quantitative changes in plasma cholesterol metabolites and bile acids (BAs). RESULTS RYGB surgery improved systemic cholesterol metabolism and increased plasma total and primary BA levels. Transcriptomic analysis revealed specific alterations in the liver after RYGB, with the downregulation of a module of genes implicated in inflammation and the upregulation of three modules, one associated with BA metabolism. A dedicated analysis of hepatic genes related to cholesterol homeostasis pointed towards increased biliary cholesterol elimination after RYGB, associated with enhancement of the alternate, but not the classical, BA synthesis pathway. In parallel, alterations in the expression of genes involved in cholesterol uptake and intracellular trafficking indicate improved hepatic free cholesterol handling. Finally, RYGB decreased plasma markers of cholesterol synthesis, which correlated with an improvement in liver disease status after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify specific regulatory effects of RYGB on inflammation and cholesterol metabolism. RYGB alters the hepatic transcriptome signature, likely improving liver cholesterol homeostasis. These gene regulatory effects are reflected by systemic post-surgery changes of cholesterol-related metabolites, corroborating the beneficial effects of RYGB on both hepatic and systemic cholesterol homeostasis. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a widely used bariatric surgery procedure with proven efficacy in body weight management, combatting cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RYGB exerts many beneficial metabolic effects, by lowering plasma cholesterol and improving atherogenic dyslipidemia. Using a cohort of patients undergoing RYGB, studied before and 1 year after surgery, we analyzed how RYGB modulates hepatic and systemic cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. The results of our study provide important insights on the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis after RYGB and open avenues that could guide future monitoring and treatment strategies targeting CVD and NAFLD in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lalloyer
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Denis A Mogilenko
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France; Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ann Verrijken
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joel T Haas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Antonin Lamazière
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Clinical Metabolomic Department, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Mostafa Kouach
- University of Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Amandine Descat
- University of Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Caron
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Céline Gheeraert
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Eric Baugé
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Gaëtan Despres
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Clinical Metabolomic Department, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Eveline Dirinck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne Tailleux
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jerôme Eeckhoute
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Goossens
- University of Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sven Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, ERN RARE-LIVER, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
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10
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Zhang SS, Du J, Cui N, Yang X, Zhang L, Zhang WX, Yue M, Wu YX, Yang T, Zhang XA, Yang ZD, Lv HD, Lu QB, Liu W. Clinical efficacy of immunoglobulin on the treatment of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: a retrospective cohort study. EBioMedicine 2023; 96:104807. [PMID: 37738834 PMCID: PMC10520313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal treatment strategy for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) remained unknown. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on SFTS. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on medical records of the laboratory-confirmed SFTS patients hospitalized during 2010-2020 in the 154th hospital, China. A 1:1 propensity score matching with age, sex, the interval from symptom onset to admission, presence of chronic viral hepatitis, diabetes and disease severity was performed between Non-IVIG group (supportive therapy) and IVIG group (IVIG plus supportive therapy). The matching variables were adjusted to compare the case fatality rates (CFRs), viral load and laboratory parameters between the two groups. Risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. FINDINGS Totally 2219 SFTS patients were recruited. CFRs were significantly higher in 1051 patients in IVIG group than 1168 patients in Non-IVIG group (19.0% vs. 4.6%, RR = 4.30, 95% CI 3.12-5.93). The difference remained significant after matching (17.2% vs. 5.1%, RR = 4.02, 95% CI 2.71-5.97). The CFR of IVIG group was significantly higher in all age groups, two IVIG therapy delay groups and two therapy duration groups compared to that of Non-IVIG group (all P < 0.05). IVIG therapy was related to higher viral loads and reduced counts of lymphocytes, T cells, CD4+ T cells and natural killer cells in the blood (all P < 0.05). INTERPRETATION No obvious efficacy of IVIG in saving life or improving outcome of SFTS was observed. Caution is needed for clinical physicians to continue prescribing IVIG for SFTS patients. FUNDING Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zhang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Cui
- The 154th Hospital, Xinyang, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Wan-Xue Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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11
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Banerjee P, Gaddam N, Chandler V, Chakraborty S. Oxidative Stress-Induced Liver Damage and Remodeling of the Liver Vasculature. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1400-1414. [PMID: 37355037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
As an organ critically important for targeting and clearing viruses, bacteria, and other foreign material, the liver operates via immune-tolerant, anti-inflammatory mechanisms indispensable to the immune response. Stress and stress-induced factors disrupt the homeostatic balance in the liver, inflicting tissue damage, injury, and remodeling. These factors include oxidative stress (OS) induced by viral infections, environmental toxins, drugs, alcohol, and diet. A recurrent theme seen among stressors common to multiple liver diseases is the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species expression, and depletion of ATP. Inflammatory signaling additionally exacerbates the condition, generating a proinflammatory, immunosuppressive microenvironment and activation of apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms that disrupt the integrity of liver morphology. These pathways initiate signaling pathways that significantly contribute to the development of liver steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancers. In addition, hypoxia and OS directly enhance angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in chronic liver diseases. Late-stage consequences of these conditions often narrow the outcomes for liver transplantation or result in death. This review provides a detailed perspective on various stress-induced factors and the specific focus on role of OS in different liver diseases with special emphasis on different molecular mechanisms. It also highlights how resultant changes in the liver vasculature correlate with pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas.
| | - Niyanshi Gaddam
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Vanessa Chandler
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas.
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12
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Abdelfattah AM, Mahmoud SS, El-Wafaey DI, Abdelgeleel HM, Abdelhamid AM. Diacerein ameliorates cholestasis-induced liver fibrosis in rat via modulating HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB/JNK pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11455. [PMID: 37454204 PMCID: PMC10349817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacerein is an interleukin (IL)-1β inhibitor approved for osteoarthritis. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-fibrotic effect of diacerein against bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into: sham-operated group, BDL group, and BDL groups treated with diacerein at 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg/day starting two days before surgery and continued for 4 weeks. Diacerein decreased the hepatic injury markers and alleviated oxidative stress triggered by BDL by reducing hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Diacerein mitigated BDL-induced inflammation via lowering hepatic levels and mRNA expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and IL-1β. The hepatic gene expression of Advanced Glycation End products Receptor (RAGE) gene and immunohistochemical expression of some ER stress markers, e.g., glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α), protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase protein contents were lowered by diacerein. Furthermore, diacerein suppressed the hepatic levels of fibrogenic mediators, e.g., Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), α- smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen 1, and hydroxyproline, as well as the apoptotic caspase 3 and BAX immunostaining in BDL rats. The histopathological abnormalities induced by BDL significantly improved. Our study demonstrated that diacerein exhibited an antifibrotic effect by inhibiting HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB/JNK pathway, and ER stress. Better protection was observed with increasing the dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shireen Sami Mahmoud
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Dalia Ibrahim El-Wafaey
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Amira Mohamed Abdelhamid
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
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13
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Abrigo J, Olguín H, Tacchi F, Orozco-Aguilar J, Valero-Breton M, Soto J, Castro-Sepúlveda M, Elorza AA, Simon F, Cabello-Verrugio C. Cholic and deoxycholic acids induce mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired biogenesis and autophagic flux in skeletal muscle cells. Biol Res 2023; 56:30. [PMID: 37291645 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle is sensitive to bile acids (BA) because it expresses the TGR5 receptor for BA. Cholic (CA) and deoxycholic (DCA) acids induce a sarcopenia-like phenotype through TGR5-dependent mechanisms. Besides, a mouse model of cholestasis-induced sarcopenia was characterised by increased levels of serum BA and muscle weakness, alterations that are dependent on TGR5 expression. Mitochondrial alterations, such as decreased mitochondrial potential and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and unbalanced biogenesis and mitophagy, have not been studied in BA-induced sarcopenia. METHODS We evaluated the effects of DCA and CA on mitochondrial alterations in C2C12 myotubes and a mouse model of cholestasis-induced sarcopenia. We measured mitochondrial mass by TOM20 levels and mitochondrial DNA; ultrastructural alterations by transmission electronic microscopy; mitochondrial biogenesis by PGC-1α plasmid reporter activity and protein levels by western blot analysis; mitophagy by the co-localisation of the MitoTracker and LysoTracker fluorescent probes; mitochondrial potential by detecting the TMRE probe signal; protein levels of OXPHOS complexes and LC3B by western blot analysis; OCR by Seahorse measures; and mtROS by MitoSOX probe signals. RESULTS DCA and CA caused a reduction in mitochondrial mass and decreased mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, DCA and CA increased LC3II/LC3I ratio and decreased autophagic flux concordant with raised mitophagosome-like structures. In addition, DCA and CA decreased mitochondrial potential and reduced protein levels in OXPHOS complexes I and II. The results also demonstrated that DCA and CA decreased basal, ATP-linked, FCCP-induced maximal respiration and spare OCR. DCA and CA also reduced the number of cristae. In addition, DCA and CA increased the mtROS. In mice with cholestasis-induced sarcopenia, TOM20, OXPHOS complexes I, II and III, and OCR were diminished. Interestingly, the OCR and OXPHOS complexes were correlated with muscle strength and bile acid levels. CONCLUSION Our results showed that DCA and CA decreased mitochondrial mass, possibly by reducing mitochondrial biogenesis, which affects mitochondrial function, thereby altering potential OCR and mtROS generation. Some mitochondrial alterations were also observed in a mouse model of cholestasis-induced sarcopenia characterised by increased levels of BA, such as DCA and CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Abrigo
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Olguín
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Adult Stem Cells, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franco Tacchi
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josué Orozco-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos (LEBi), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mayalen Valero-Breton
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Castro-Sepúlveda
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Finis Terrae University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro A Elorza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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14
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Bowlus CL, Eksteen B, Cheung AC, Thorburn D, Moylan CA, Pockros PJ, Forman LM, Dorenbaum A, Hirschfield GM, Kennedy C, Jaecklin T, McKibben A, Chien E, Baek M, Vig P, Levy C. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of maralixibat in adults with primary sclerosing cholangitis: Open-label pilot study. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:02009842-202306010-00003. [PMID: 37184523 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is frequently associated with pruritus, which significantly impairs quality of life. Maralixibat is a selective ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitor that lowers circulating bile acid (BA) levels and reduces pruritus in cholestatic liver diseases. This is the first proof-of-concept study of IBAT inhibition in PSC. METHODS This open-label study evaluated the safety and tolerability of maralixibat ≤10 mg/d for 14 weeks in adults with PSC. Measures of pruritus, biomarkers of BA synthesis, cholestasis, and liver function were also assessed. RESULTS Of 27 enrolled participants, 85.2% completed treatment. Gastrointestinal treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 81.5%, with diarrhea in 51.9%. TEAEs were mostly mild or moderate (63.0%); 1 serious TEAE (cholangitis) was considered treatment related. Mean serum BA (sBA) levels decreased by 16.7% (-14.84 µmol/L; 95% CI, -27.25 to -2.43; p = 0.0043) by week 14/early termination (ET). In participants with baseline sBA levels above normal (n = 18), mean sBA decreased by 40.0% (-22.3 µmol/L, 95% CI, -40.38 to -4.3; p = 0.004) by week 14/ET. Liver enzyme elevations were not significant; however, increases of unknown clinical significance in conjugated bilirubin levels were observed. ItchRO weekly sum scores decreased from baseline to week 14/ET by 8.4% (p = 0.0495), by 12.6% (p = 0.0275) in 18 participants with pruritus at baseline, and by 70% (p = 0.0078) in 8 participants with ItchRO daily average score ≥3 at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Maralixibat was associated with reduced sBA levels in adults with PSC. In participants with more severe baseline pruritus, pruritus improved significantly from baseline. TEAEs were mostly gastrointestinal related. These results support further investigation of IBAT inhibitors for adults with PSC-associated pruritus. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02061540.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Angela C Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas Thorburn
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital and Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Hampstead, London, UK
| | - Cynthia A Moylan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul J Pockros
- Scripps Clinic and Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lisa M Forman
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Elaine Chien
- Mirum Pharmaceuticals, Foster City, California, USA
| | | | - Pamela Vig
- Mirum Pharmaceuticals, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Levy
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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15
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Novel hydrogel comprising non-ionic copolymer with various concentrations of pharmacologically active bile acids for cellular injectable gel. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113014. [PMID: 36427407 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Deoxycholic acid (DCA) is a bile acid capable of forming micelles and modifying the properties of hydrogels. We incorporated DCA in sodium alginate (SA) and poloxamer 407 matrices creating novel DCA-copolymer hydrogel for therapeutic delivery. Hydrogels were assessed for common rheological properties. Biocompatibility and biological effect were examined on various cell lines. Cell viability was determent in normal and various hypoxic conditions, and full mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters were assessed in cell lines in order to illustrate hydrogel effects on survival, and cell metabolic profile within the hydrogels. Obtained data suggest that a low dose of DCA in permeable, biocompatible hydrogels can be beneficial for cells to combat hypoxic conditions.
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16
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Wu Q, Liang X, Hou X, Song Z, Bouhamdan M, Qiu Y, Koike Y, Rajagopalan C, Wei HG, Jiang H, Hish G, Zhang J, Chen YE, Jin JP, Xu J, Zhang K, Sun F. Cystic fibrosis rabbits develop spontaneous hepatobiliary lesions and CF-associated liver disease (CFLD)-like phenotypes. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgac306. [PMID: 36712930 PMCID: PMC9832953 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease affecting multiple organs. Approximately 30% CF patients develop CF-related liver disease (CFLD), which is the third most common cause of morbidity and mortality of CF. CFLD is progressive, and many of the severe forms eventually need liver transplantation. The mechanistic studies and therapeutic interventions to CFLD are unfortunately very limited. Utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we recently generated CF rabbits by introducing mutations to the rabbit CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Here we report the liver phenotypes and mechanistic insights into the liver pathogenesis in these animals. CF rabbits develop spontaneous hepatobiliary lesions and abnormal biliary secretion accompanied with altered bile acid profiles. They exhibit nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-like phenotypes, characterized by hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis, as well as altered lipid profiles and diminished glycogen storage. Mechanistically, our data reveal that multiple stress-induced metabolic regulators involved in hepatic lipid homeostasis were up-regulated in the livers of CF-rabbits, and that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response mediated through IRE1α-XBP1 axis as well as NF-κB- and JNK-mediated inflammatory responses prevail in CF rabbit livers. These findings show that CF rabbits manifest many CFLD-like phenotypes and suggest targeting hepatic ER stress and inflammatory pathways for potential CFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtian Wu
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiubin Liang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xia Hou
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Song
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Mohamad Bouhamdan
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yining Qiu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yui Koike
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carthic Rajagopalan
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hong-Guang Wei
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Gerry Hish
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Jin
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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17
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Wang JS, Liu JC. Intestinal microbiota in the treatment of metabolically associated fatty liver disease. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11240-11251. [PMID: 36387806 PMCID: PMC9649557 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i31.11240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease, the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Despite the increasing incidence of MAFLD, no effective treatment is available. Recent research indicates a link between the intestinal microbiota and liver diseases such as MAFLD. The composition and characteristics of the intestinal microbiota and therapeutic perspectives of MAFLD are reviewed in the current study. An imbalance in the intestinal microbiota increases intestinal permeability and exposure of the liver to adipokines. Furthermore, we focused on reviewing the latest "gut-liver axis" targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Shuai Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jin-Chun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
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18
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Wen Y, Zhang G, Wu X. The role of the farnesoid X receptor in quadruple anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury. Toxicology 2022; 476:153256. [PMID: 35835356 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anti-tuberculosis drugs-induced liver injury may be associated with the hepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR). However, the relationship between isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol (HRZE) coadministration-induced liver injury and FXR has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of FXR in HRZE-induced liver injury. To measure indices of liver injury, blood samples were collected from clinical tuberculosis patients who had taken HRZE for approximately two months; in these patients serum total bile acids were increased, while other hepatic biochemical indexes showed no significant changes. When Wistar rats were orally administered isoniazid (30 or 60 mg/kg) + rifampicin (45 or 90 mg/kg) + pyrazinamide (150 or 300 mg/kg) + ethambutol (75 or 150 mg/kg) in combination for 15 days, the expression and function of FXR was up-regulated, and hepatic bile acids were decreased. However, following 30 days of HRZE treatment the expression and function of FXR was down-regulated and bile acids accumulated in the liver, suggestive of hepatotoxicity. Treatment of HepaRG cells with HRZE lead to time- and dose- dependent cytotoxicity, with the expression of FXR up-regulated in early stage, but down-regulated with prolonged HRZE treatment, consistent with the results of animal experiments. In summary, HRZE may upregulate FXR with short-term administration, but more prolonged treatment appears to suppress FXR function, resulting in hepatic bile acid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Engineering Research Centre of Prevention and Control for Clinical Medication Risk, Gansu Province, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Engineering Research Centre of Prevention and Control for Clinical Medication Risk, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xin'an Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Engineering Research Centre of Prevention and Control for Clinical Medication Risk, Gansu Province, China.
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19
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Mechanism of Bile Acid-Induced Programmed Cell Death and Drug Discovery against Cancer: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137184. [PMID: 35806184 PMCID: PMC9266679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are major signaling molecules that play a significant role as emulsifiers in the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids. Bile acids are amphiphilic molecules produced by the reaction of enzymes with cholesterol as a substrate, and they are the primary metabolites of cholesterol in the body. Bile acids were initially considered as tumor promoters, but many studies have deemed them to be tumor suppressors. The tumor-suppressive effect of bile acids is associated with programmed cell death. Moreover, based on this fact, several synthetic bile acid derivatives have also been used to induce programmed cell death in several types of human cancers. This review comprehensively summarizes the literature related to bile acid-induced programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis, and the status of drug development using synthetic bile acid derivatives against human cancers. We hope that this review will provide a reference for the future research and development of drugs against cancer.
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20
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Deng Y, Luo X, Li X, Xiao Y, Xu B, Tong H. Screening of Biomarkers and Toxicity Mechanisms of Rifampicin-Induced Liver Injury Based on Targeted Bile Acid Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:925509. [PMID: 35754491 PMCID: PMC9226894 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.925509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rifampicin (RIF) is a critical first-line drug for tuberculosis. However, long-term or high-dose treatment with RIF can induce severe liver injury; the underlying mechanism of this effect has not yet been clarified. This study was performed to screen reliable and sensitive biomarkers in serum bile acids (BAs) using targeted BA metabolomics and evaluate the toxicity mechanisms underlying RIF-induced liver injury through the farnesoid x receptor (Fxr)-multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrps) signaling pathway. Thirty-two Institute of Cancer Research mice were randomly divided into four groups, and normal saline, isoniazid 75 mg/kg + RIF 177 mg/kg (RIF-L), RIF-L, or RIF 442.5 mg/kg (RIF-H) was orally administered by gavage for 21 days. After treatment, changes in serum biochemical parameters, hepatic pathological conditions, BA levels, Fxr expression, and BA transporter levels were measured. RIF caused notable liver injury and increased serum cholic acid (CA) levels. Decline in the serum secondary BAs (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid) levels led to liver injury in mice. Serum BAs were subjected to metabolomic assessment using partial least squares discriminant and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. CA, DCA, LCA, TDCA, and TUDCA are potential biomarkers for early detection of RIF-induced liver injury. Furthermore, RIF-H reduced hepatic BA levels and elevated serum BA levels by suppressing the expression of Fxr and Mrp2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) while inducing that of Mrp3 and Mrp4 mRNAs. These findings provide evidence for screening additional biomarkers based on targeted BA metabolomics and provide further insights into the pathogenesis of RIF-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China.,The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Xilin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China.,The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Yisha Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China.,The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China.,The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, China
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21
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Mamedova E, Árting LB, Rekling JC. Bile acids induce Ca 2+ signaling and membrane permeabilizations in vagal nodose ganglion neurons. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 31:101288. [PMID: 35669985 PMCID: PMC9162955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) play an important role in the digestion of dietary fats and act as signaling molecules. However, due to their solubilizing properties, high concentrations in the gut may negatively affect gut epithelium and possibly afferent fibers innervating the gastrointestinal tract (GI). To determine the effect of BAs on intracellular Ca2+ and membrane permeabilization we tested a range of concentrations of two BAs on vagal nodose ganglion (NG) neurons, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO), and PC12 cell lines. NG explants from mice were drop-transduced with the genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator AAV9-Syn-jGCaMP7s and used to measure Ca2+ changes upon application of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and taurocholic acid (TCA). We found that both BAs induced a Ca2+ increase in NG neurons in a dose-dependent manner. The DCA-induced Ca2+ increase was dependent on intracellular Ca2+ stores. NG explants, with an intact peripheral part of the vagus nerve, showed excitation of NG neurons in nerve field recordings upon exposure to DCA. The viability of NG neurons at different BA concentrations was determined, and compared to CHO and PC12 cells lines using propidium iodide labeling, showing threshold concentrations of BA-induced cell death at 400–500 μM. These observations suggest that BAs act as Ca2+-inducing signaling molecules in vagal sensory neurons at low concentrations, but induce cell death at higher concentrations, which may occur during inflammatory bowel diseases. Intracellular Ca2+ is measured in hundreds of explant vagal sensory neurons using jGCaMP7s. Bile acids deoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid induce a Ca2+ increase in vagal sensory neurons. Deoxycholic acid -induced Ca2+ increase is dependent on intracellular Ca2+ stores. Bile acid concentrations above 400–500 μM permeabilize the membrane inducing cell death.
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22
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Jackson KG, Way GW, Zhou H. Bile acids and sphingolipids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1163-1171. [PMID: 35788089 PMCID: PMC9337250 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the fastest-growing diseases, and its global prevalence is estimated to increase >50% by 2030. NAFLD is comorbid with metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance. Despite extensive research efforts, there are no pharmacologic or biological therapeutics for the treatment of NAFLD. Bile acids and sphingolipids are well-characterized signaling molecules. Over the last few decades, researchers have uncovered potential mechanisms by which bile acids and sphingolipids regulate hepatic lipid metabolism. Dysregulation of bile acid and sphingolipid metabolism has been linked to steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. This clinical observation has been recapitulated in animal models, which are well-accepted by experts in the hepatology field. Recent transcriptomic and lipidomic studies also show that sphingolipids are important players in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Moreover, the identification of bile acids as activators of sphingolipid-mediated signaling pathways established a novel theory for bile acid and sphingolipid biology. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of bile acid and sphingolipid-mediated signaling pathways as potential contributors to NAFLD. A better understanding of the pathologic effects mediated by bile acids and sphingolipids will facilitate the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn G. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Grayson W. Way
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
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23
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Substance P Hinders Bile Acid-Induced Hepatocellular Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050920. [PMID: 35624784 PMCID: PMC9137937 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver failure is an outcome of chronic liver disease caused by steatohepatitis and cholestatic injury. This study examined substance P (SP) effect on liver injury due to cholestatic stress caused by excessive bile acid (BA) accumulation. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was added to HepG2 cells to induce hepatic injury, and cellular alterations were observed within 8 h. After confirming BA-mediated cellular injury, SP was added, and its restorative effect was evaluated through cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/inflammatory cytokines/endothelial cell media expression, and adjacent liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) function. CDCA treatment provoked ROS production, followed by IL-8 and ICAM-1 expression in hepatocytes within 8 h, which accelerated 24 h post-treatment. Caspase-3 signaling was activated, reducing cell viability and promoting alanine aminotransferase release. Interestingly, hepatocyte alteration by CDCA stress could affect LSEC activity by decreasing cell viability and disturbing tube-forming ability. In contrast, SP treatment reduced ROS production and blocked IL-8/ICAM-1 in CDCA-injured hepatocytes. SP treatment ameliorated the effect of CDCA on LSECs, preserving cell viability and function. Collectively, SP could protect hepatocytes and LSECs from BA-induced cellular stress, possibly by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. These results suggest that SP can be used to treat BA-induced liver injury.
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24
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Gupta B, Rai R, Oertel M, Raeman R. Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Fatty Liver Disease: Roles of Microbiota, Mucosal Immune System, and Bile Acids. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:122-137. [PMID: 35738255 PMCID: PMC9307091 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a spectrum of progressive liver diseases ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Globally, NAFLD is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality associated with chronic liver disease, and NAFLD patients are at a higher risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While there is a consensus that inflammation plays a key role in promoting NAFLD progression, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Recent clinical and experimental evidence suggest that increased hepatic translocation of gut microbial antigens, secondary to diet-induced impairment of the intestinal barrier may be important in driving hepatic inflammation in NAFLD. Here, we briefly review various endogenous and exogenous factors influencing the intestinal barrier and present recent advances in our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier dysfunction in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biki Gupta
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ravi Rai
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Oertel
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Reben Raeman
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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25
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Luo W, Guo S, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Wang M, Sang L, Chang B, Wang B. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: How the Gut Microbiota Contributes to Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:873160. [PMID: 35572649 PMCID: PMC9092458 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.873160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is gaining increasing attention, and the concept of the "gut-liver axis" is gradually being recognized. Leaky gut resulting from injury and/or inflammation can cause the translocation of flora to the liver. Microbiota-associated metabolites and components mediate the activation of a series of signalling pathways, thereby playing an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For this reason, targeting the gut microbiota in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of HCC holds great promise. In this review, we summarize the gut microbiota and the mechanisms by which it mediates HCC development, and the characteristic alterations in the gut microbiota during HCC pathogenesis. Furthermore, we propose several strategies to target the gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of HCC, including antibiotics, probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiqi Guo
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixuan Sang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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26
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Melloni E, Marchesi E, Preti L, Casciano F, Rimondi E, Romani A, Secchiero P, Navacchia ML, Perrone D. Synthesis and Biological Investigation of Bile Acid-Paclitaxel Hybrids. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020471. [PMID: 35056786 PMCID: PMC8779069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid (CDCA and UDCA, respectively) have been conjugated with paclitaxel (PTX) anticancer drugs through a high-yield condensation reaction. Bile acid-PTX hybrids (BA-PTX) have been investigated for their pro-apoptotic activity towards a selection of cancer cell lines as well as healthy fibroblast cells. Chenodeoxycholic-PTX hybrid (CDC-PTX) displayed cytotoxicity and cytoselectivity similar to PTX, whereas ursodeoxycholic-PTX hybrid (UDC-PTX) displayed some anticancer activity only towards HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. Pacific Blue (PB) conjugated derivatives of CDC-PTX and UDC-PTX (CDC-PTX-PB and UDC-PTX-PB, respectively) were also prepared via a multistep synthesis for evaluating their ability to enter tumor cells. CDC-PTX-PB and UDC-PTX-PB flow cytometry clearly showed that both CDCA and UDCA conjugation to PTX improved its incoming into HCT116 cells, allowing the derivatives to enter the cells up to 99.9%, respect to 35% in the case of PTX. Mean fluorescence intensity analysis of cell populations treated with CDC-PTX-PB and UDC-PTX-PB also suggested that CDC-PTX-PB could have a greater ability to pass the plasmatic membrane than UDC-PTX-PB. Both hybrids showed significant lower toxicity with respect to PTX on the NIH-3T3 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Melloni
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Elena Marchesi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Preti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.); (P.S.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Arianna Romani
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.); (E.R.); (A.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Maria Luisa Navacchia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.L.N.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniela Perrone
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.L.N.); (D.P.)
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27
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Wang X, Tan Z, Chen S, Gui L, Li X, Ke D, Hou L, Leung JYS. Norethindrone causes cellular and hepatic injury in zebrafish by compromising the metabolic processes associated with antioxidant defence: Insights from metabolomics. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130049. [PMID: 33662720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Progestins, such as norethindrone (NET), have been increasingly detected in aquatic environments due to their extensive use for medical applications. While NET is notorious for its endocrine disrupting effects, it has been recently shown to cause cellular damage, suggesting its potential impacts on the body defence of organisms. Hence, we examined the histological features and antioxidant defence of zebrafish (Danio rerio) after exposing to NET (50 ng/L and 500 ng/L) for 72 days, followed by analysing its metabolome to explore whether NET disturbs the metabolic processes responsible for antioxidant defence. While acute mortality was not triggered, we found that antioxidant defence was substantially weakened by NET at 500 ng/L (i.e. reduced SOD and GSH levels) and hence liver injury was inflicted (i.e. elevated ALT and MDA levels), as manifested by vacuolization of liver tissues and reduced number of normal cells in the liver. Metabolomic analysis showed that the metabolic processes responsible for antioxidant defence were disrupted by NET (e.g. upregulation of nervonyl carnitine and chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate; downregulation of homolanthionine and acevaltrate) and these changes can undermine antioxidant defence by suppressing Nrf2-ARE and NF-κB pathways that contribute to the synthesis of SOD and GSH. This study demonstrates how NET can compromise the body defence of aquatic organisms via metabolic disruption, suggesting that the impacts of progestins on their fitness are more detrimental than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhiqing Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Shanduo Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Lin Gui
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xinchang Li
- College of Life Science, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526100, China
| | - Desen Ke
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Liping Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Jonathan Y S Leung
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia.
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Feng SL, Zhang J, Jin H, Zhu WT, Yuan Z. A Network Pharmacology Study of the Molecular Mechanisms of Hypericum japonicum in the Treatment of Cholestatic Hepatitis with Validation in an Alpha-Naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) Hepatotoxicity Rat Model. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928402. [PMID: 33657087 PMCID: PMC7938440 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This network pharmacology study aimed to identify the active compounds and molecular mechanisms involved in the effects of Hypericum japonicum on cholestatic hepatitis. We validated the findings in an alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) rat model of hepatotoxicity. Material/Methods The chemical constituents and targets of H. japonicum and target genes previously associated with cholestatic hepatitis were retrieved from public databases. A network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software and the STRING database and potential protein functions were analyzed based on the public platform of bioinformatics. ANIT was used to induce cholestatic hepatitis in a rat model using 36 Sprague-Dawley rats, and this model was used to investigate intervention with 3 doses of quercetin (low-dose, 50 mg/kg; medium-dose, 100 mg/kg; and high-dose, 200 mg/kg), the main active component of H. japonicum. Levels of serum biochemical indexes were measured by commercial kits, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of markers of liver and mitochondrial function and oxidative stress were detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The main active ingredients of H. japonicum were quercetin, kaempferol, and tetramethoxyluteolin, and their key targets included prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2), cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Quercetin intervention promoted recovery from cholestatic hepatitis. Conclusions The findings from this research provide support for future research on the roles of quercetin, kaempferol, and tetramethoxyluteolin in human liver disease and the roles of the PTGS2, BCL2, CYP7A1, and FXR genes in cholestatic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Ling Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hongliu Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Wen Ting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongwen Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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