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Wang Y, Liu M, Jafari M, Tang J. A critical assessment of Traditional Chinese Medicine databases as a source for drug discovery. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1303693. [PMID: 38738181 PMCID: PMC11082401 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1303693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used for thousands of years to treat human diseases. Recently, many databases have been devoted to studying TCM pharmacology. Most of these databases include information about the active ingredients of TCM herbs and their disease indications. These databases enable researchers to interrogate the mechanisms of action of TCM systematically. However, there is a need for comparative studies of these databases, as they are derived from various resources with different data processing methods. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the existing TCM databases. We found that the information complements each other by comparing herbs, ingredients, and herb-ingredient pairs in these databases. Therefore, data harmonization is vital to use all the available information fully. Moreover, different TCM databases may contain various annotation types for herbs or ingredients, notably for the chemical structure of ingredients, making it challenging to integrate data from them. We also highlight the latest TCM databases on symptoms or gene expressions, suggesting that using multi-omics data and advanced bioinformatics approaches may provide new insights for drug discovery in TCM. In summary, such a comparative study would help improve the understanding of data complexity that may ultimately motivate more efficient and more standardized strategies towards the digitalization of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minxia Liu
- Faculty of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mohieddin Jafari
- Department Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jing Tang
- Department Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Yu Z, Ding R, Yan Q, Cheng M, Li T, Zheng F, Zhu L, Wang Y, Tang T, Hu E. A Novel Network Pharmacology Strategy Based on the Universal Effectiveness-Common Mechanism of Medical Herbs Uncovers Therapeutic Targets in Traumatic Brain Injury. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1175-1188. [PMID: 38645986 PMCID: PMC11032138 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s450895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Many herbs can promote neurological recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI). There must lie a shared mechanism behind the common effectiveness. We aimed to explore the key therapeutic targets for TBI based on the common effectiveness of the medicinal plants. Material and methods The TBI-effective herbs were retrieved from the literature as imputes of network pharmacology. Then, the active ingredients in at least two herbs were screened out as common components. The hub targets of all active compounds were identified through Cytohubba. Next, AutoDock vina was used to rank the common compound-hub target interactions by molecular docking. A highly scored compound-target pair was selected for in vivo validation. Results We enrolled sixteen TBI-effective medicinal herbs and screened out twenty-one common compounds, such as luteolin. Ten hub targets were recognized according to the topology of the protein-protein interaction network of targets, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Molecular docking analysis suggested that luteolin could bind strongly to the active pocket of EGFR. Administration of luteolin or the selective EGFR inhibitor AZD3759 to TBI mice promoted the recovery of body weight and neurological function, reduced astrocyte activation and EGFR expression, decreased chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans deposition, and upregulated GAP43 levels in the cortex. The effects were similar to those when treated with the selective EGFR inhibitor. Conclusion The common effectiveness-based, common target screening strategy suggests that inhibition of EGFR can be an effective therapy for TBI. This strategy can be applied to discover core targets and therapeutic compounds in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoqi Ding
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuju Yan
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Menghan Cheng
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Teng Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Zheng
- The College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Tang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China
| | - En Hu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- NATCM Key Laboratory of TCM Gan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao H, Kwon O, Cha J, Jung IC, Jun P, Jang JY, Jang JH. Exploring Traditional Medicine Diagnostic Classification for Parkinson's Disease Using Hierarchical Clustering. Complement Med Res 2024; 31:160-174. [PMID: 38330930 DOI: 10.1159/000536047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personalized diagnosis and therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) are needed due to the clinical heterogeneity of PD. Syndrome differentiation (SD) in traditional medicine (TM) is a diagnostic method for customized therapy that comprehensively analyzes various symptoms and systemic syndromes. However, research identifying PD classification based on SD is limited. METHODS Ten electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to August 10, 2021. Clinical indicators, including 380 symptoms, 98 TM signs, and herbal medicine for PD diagnosed with SD, were extracted from 197 articles; frequency statistics on clinical indicators were conducted to classify several subtypes using hierarchical clustering. RESULTS Four distinct cluster groups were identified, each characterized by significant cluster-specific clinical indicators with 95% confidence intervals of distribution. Subtype 2 had the most severe progression, longest progressive duration, and highest association with greater late-stage PD-associated motor symptoms, including postural instability and gait disturbance. The action properties of the herbal formula and original SD presented in the data sources for subtype 2 were associated with Yin deficiency syndrome. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Hierarchical clustering analysis distinguished various symptoms and TM signs among patients with PD. These newly identified PD subtypes may optimize the diagnosis and treatment with TM and facilitate prognosis prediction. Our findings serve as a cornerstone for evidence-based guidelines for TM diagnosis and treatment. Einleitung Eine personalisierte Diagnose und Therapie des Morbus Parkinson (MP) ist angesichts der ausgeprägten klinischen Heterogenität des MP unerlässlich. Die Syndromdifferenzierung (SD) ist in der traditionellen Medizin (TM) eine diagnostische Methode für eine maßgeschneiderte Therapie, bei der verschiedene Symptome und systemische Syndrome umfassend analysiert werden. Es liegen jedoch nur begrenzt Forschungsergebnisse in Bezug auf eine SD-basierte Klassifikation des MP vor. Methoden Zehn elektronische Datenbanken wurden systematisch durchsucht, von der Einrichtung bis zum 10. August 2021. Klinische Indikatoren einschließlich von 380 Symptomen, 98 TM-Zeichen sowie pflanzlichen Heilmitteln für mittels SD diagnostiziertem MP wurden aus 197 Artikeln extrahiert, und Häufigkeitsstatistiken der klinischen Indikatoren wurden erstellt, um mittels hierarchischem Clustering eine Reihe von Subtypen zu klassifizieren. Ergebnisse Vier verschiedene Cluster-Gruppen wurden identifiziert, die jeweils durch signifikante, Cluster-spezifische klinische Indikatoren mit 95% Konfidenzintervall der Verteilung gekennzeichnet waren. Subtyp 2 hatte den schwersten Verlauf, die längste Progressionsdauer und die stärkste Assoziation mit einem höheren Ausmaß von motorischen Symptomen des MP im Spätstadium, darunter Haltungsinstabilität und Gangstörungen. Die Wirkungseigenschaften der pflanzlichen Formulierung sowie die ursprüngliche SD, die in den Datenquellen für Subtyp 2 genannt wurden, waren mit Yin-Mangel-Syndrom assoziiert. Diskussion/Schlussfolgerung Die hierarchische Clustering-Analyse hob verschiedene Symptome und TM-Zeichen bei Patienten mit MP hervor. Die neu identifizierten MP-Subtypen könnten die Diagnose und Behandlung mittels TM optimieren und zur Prognoseerstellung beitragen. Unsere Ergebnisse sind ein Fundament für eine evidenzbasierte Leitlinie für die TM-Diagnostik und -Therapie.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuiYan Zhao
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, School of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ojin Kwon
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Cha
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Jung
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Purumea Jun
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Jang
- School of Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Jang
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Huang J, Bai X, Qiu Y, He X. Application of AI on cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1324222. [PMID: 38347839 PMCID: PMC10859478 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1324222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma, classified as intrahepatic, perihilar, and extrahepatic, is considered a deadly malignancy of the hepatobiliary system. Most cases of cholangiocarcinoma are asymptomatic. Therefore, early detection of cholangiocarcinoma is significant but still challenging. The routine screening of a tumor lacks specificity and accuracy. With the application of AI, high-risk patients can be easily found by analyzing their clinical characteristics, serum biomarkers, and medical images. Moreover, AI can be used to predict the prognosis including recurrence risk and metastasis. Although they have some limitations, AI algorithms will still significantly improve many aspects of cholangiocarcinoma in the medical field with the development of computing power and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaodong He
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jiang S, Wang T, Zhang KH. Data-driven decision-making for precision diagnosis of digestive diseases. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:87. [PMID: 37658345 PMCID: PMC10472739 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern omics technologies can generate massive amounts of biomedical data, providing unprecedented opportunities for individualized precision medicine. However, traditional statistical methods cannot effectively process and utilize such big data. To meet this new challenge, machine learning algorithms have been developed and applied rapidly in recent years, which are capable of reducing dimensionality, extracting features, organizing data and forming automatable data-driven clinical decision systems. Data-driven clinical decision-making have promising applications in precision medicine and has been studied in digestive diseases, including early diagnosis and screening, molecular typing, staging and stratification of digestive malignancies, as well as precise diagnosis of Crohn's disease, auxiliary diagnosis of imaging and endoscopy, differential diagnosis of cystic lesions, etiology discrimination of acute abdominal pain, stratification of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), and real-time diagnosis of esophageal motility function, showing good application prospects. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress of data-driven clinical decision making in precision diagnosis of digestive diseases and discussed the limitations of data-driven decision making after a brief introduction of methods for data-driven decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006 China
- Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006 China
- Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Kun-He Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006 China
- Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanchang, 330006 China
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Bioactive, Mineral and Antioxidative Properties of Gluten-Free Chicory Supplemented Snack: Impact of Processing Conditions. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223692. [PMID: 36429284 PMCID: PMC9688964 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of chicory root addition (20-40%) and extrusion conditions (moisture content from 16.3 to 22.5%, and screw speed from 500 to 900 rpm) on bioactive compounds content (inulin, sesquiterpene lactones, and polyphenols) of gluten-free rice snacks. Chicory root is considered a potential carrier of food bioactives, while extrusion may produce a wide range of functional snack products. The mineral profiles were determined in all of the obtained extrudates in terms of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents, while antioxidative activity was established through reducing capacity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) tests. Chicory root addition contributed to the improvement of bioactive compounds and mineral contents, as well as antioxidative activities in all of the investigated extrudates in comparison to the pure-rice control sample. An increase in moisture content raised sesquiterpene lactones and minerals, while high screw speeds positively affected polyphenols content. The achieved results showed the important impact of the extrusion conditions on the investigated parameters and promoted chicory root as an attractive food ingredient in gluten-free snack products with high bioactive value.
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Bao J, Wang Y, Wang S, Niu D, Wang Z, Li R, Zheng Y, Ishfaq M, Wu Z, Li J. Polypharmacology-based approach for screening TCM against coinfection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Escherichia coli. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:972245. [PMID: 36225794 PMCID: PMC9549337 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.972245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products and their unique polypharmacology offer significant advantages for finding novel therapeutics particularly for the treatment of complex diseases. Meanwhile, Traditional Chinese Medicine exerts overall clinical benefits through a multi-component and multi-target approach. In this study, we used the previously established co-infection model of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Escherichia coli as a representative of complex diseases. A new combination consisting of 6 herbs were obtained by using network pharmacology combined with transcriptomic analysis to reverse screen TCMs from the Chinese medicine database, containing Isatdis Radix, Forsythia Fructus, Ginkgo Folium, Mori Cortex, Licorice, and Radix Salviae. The results of therapeutic trials showed that the Chinese herbal compounds screened by the target network played a good therapeutic effect in the case of co-infection. In summary, these data suggested a new method to validate target combinations of natural products that can be used to optimize their multiple structure-activity relationships to obtain drug-like natural product derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dong Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ze Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yadan Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jichang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
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Li D, Hu J, Zhang L, Li L, Yin Q, Shi J, Guo H, Zhang Y, Zhuang P. Deep learning and machine intelligence: New computational modeling techniques for discovery of the combination rules and pharmacodynamic characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175260. [PMID: 36116517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been increasingly accepted that Multi-Ingredient-Based interventions provide advantages over single-target therapy for complex diseases. With the growing development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and continually being refined of a holistic view, "multi-target" and "multi-pathway" integration characteristics of which are being accepted. However, its effector substances, efficacy targets, especially the combination rules and mechanisms remain unclear, and more powerful strategies to interpret the synergy are urgently needed. Artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision lead to a rapidly expanding in many fields, including diagnosis and treatment of TCM. AI technology significantly improves the reliability and accuracy of diagnostics, target screening, and new drug research. While all AI techniques are capable of matching models to biological big data, the specific methods are complex and varied. Retrieves literature by the keywords such as "artificial intelligence", "machine learning", "deep learning", "traditional Chinese medicine" and "Chinese medicine". Search the application of computer algorithms of TCM between 2000 and 2021 in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Elsevier and Springer. This review concentrates on the application of computational in herb quality evaluation, drug target discovery, optimized compatibility and medical diagnoses of TCM. We describe the characteristics of biological data for which different AI techniques are applicable, and discuss some of the best data mining methods and the problems faced by deep learning and machine learning methods applied to Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongna Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qingsheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jiangwei Shi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China
| | - Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China.
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Jafari M, Mirzaie M, Bao J, Barneh F, Zheng S, Eriksson J, Heckman CA, Tang J. Bipartite network models to design combination therapies in acute myeloid leukaemia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2128. [PMID: 35440130 PMCID: PMC9018865 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy is preferred over single-targeted monotherapies for cancer treatment due to its efficiency and safety. However, identifying effective drug combinations costs time and resources. We propose a method for identifying potential drug combinations by bipartite network modelling of patient-related drug response data, specifically the Beat AML dataset. The median of cell viability is used as a drug potency measurement to reconstruct a weighted bipartite network, model drug-biological sample interactions, and find the clusters of nodes inside two projected networks. Then, the clustering results are leveraged to discover effective multi-targeted drug combinations, which are also supported by more evidence using GDSC and ALMANAC databases. The potency and synergy levels of selective drug combinations are corroborated against monotherapy in three cell lines for acute myeloid leukaemia in vitro. In this study, we introduce a nominal data mining approach to improving acute myeloid leukaemia treatment through combinatorial therapy. Identifying effective drug combinations to treat cancer is a challenging task, either experimentally or computationally. Here, the authors develop a bipartite network modelling approach to propose drug combination strategies in acute myeloid leukaemia using patient and cell line drug screening data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohieddin Jafari
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mehdi Mirzaie
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jie Bao
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Farnaz Barneh
- Prinses Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, Utrech, the Netherlands
| | - Shuyu Zheng
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Eriksson
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, HiLIFE - Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jing Tang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Zhao Y, Yang S, Wu M. Mechanism of Improving Aspirin Resistance: Blood-Activating Herbs Combined With Aspirin in Treating Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794417. [PMID: 34975490 PMCID: PMC8718695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic thrombotic disease continues to maintain a high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide at present. Aspirin, which is reckoned as the cornerstone of primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), has been applied in clinics extensively. However, cardiovascular events continue to occur even though people utilize aspirin appropriately. Therefore, the concept of aspirin resistance (AR) was put forward by scholars, which is of great significance for the prediction of the clinical outcome of diseases. The pathogenesis of AR may be incorporated with low patient compliance, insufficient dose, genetic polymorphism, increased platelet transformation, inflammation, and the degenerative changes and calcification of platelets. The improvement of AR in the treatment of ASCVDs has gradually become a research hot spot in recent years. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) regards individuals as a whole and treats them from a holistic view, which has been found to have advantages in clinical studies on the treatment of AR. Many kinds of blood-activating TCM have the effect of improving AR. The potential mechanism for the improvement of AR by blood-activating herbs combined with aspirin was explored. The combination of blood-activating herbs and aspirin to improve AR is likely to turn into a hot topic of research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Zhao
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Qi G, Jiang K, Qu J, Zhang A, Xu Z, Li Z, Zheng X, Li Z. The Material Basis and Mechanism of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in Treating Stable Angina Pectoris and Unstable Angina Pectoris. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:3741027. [PMID: 35140797 PMCID: PMC8820872 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3741027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
METHODS Firstly, we used a network proximity approach to calculate and compare the effectiveness of the formula with that of Western drugs for each type of angina, including all targets and intersecting targets, from a topological perspective. Secondly, we compared the mechanisms of action of the two angina pectoris at three levels and five aspects, including conventional and modular analysis approaches. Thirdly, based on the unique functions of each angina in the complex heterogeneous network, we designed a reverse process for finding the material basis using dynamic, static, and enriched items as well as a total item. Finally, the designed inverse process, material basis, and mechanism of action were validated. RESULTS The target network of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction is closer to the target network of each type of angina than that of Western drugs, and the intersection targets have a closer proximity. Comparison of the mechanisms of action showed that stable angina and unstable angina had 158 common targets, while the unique targets were 34 and 1, respectively. Modularity analysis showed that the GO similarity of target modules was highly correlated with KEGG similarity. We ended up with 67 compounds upregulated for stable angina and 47 compounds upregulated for unstable angina. Our results were validated by literature mining, high-volume molecular docking, and miRNA enrichment analysis. CONCLUSIONS For both types of angina pectoris, Xuefu Zhuyu decoction is superior to Western drugs. A comparison of various aspects led to the unique mechanisms of action, from which the material basis of each type of angina was deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanpeng Qi
- 1School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaiwen Jiang
- 1School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaming Qu
- 1School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- 1School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ze Xu
- 1School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaohang Li
- 1School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaosong Zheng
- 2School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zuojing Li
- 2School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Eckardt JN, Wendt K, Bornhäuser M, Middeke JM. Reinforcement Learning for Precision Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4624. [PMID: 34572853 PMCID: PMC8472712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision oncology is grounded in the increasing understanding of genetic and molecular mechanisms that underly malignant disease and offer different treatment pathways for the individual patient. The growing complexity of medical data has led to the implementation of machine learning techniques that are vastly applied for risk assessment and outcome prediction using either supervised or unsupervised learning. Still largely overlooked is reinforcement learning (RL) that addresses sequential tasks by exploring the underlying dynamics of an environment and shaping it by taking actions in order to maximize cumulative rewards over time, thereby achieving optimal long-term outcomes. Recent breakthroughs in RL demonstrated remarkable results in gameplay and autonomous driving, often achieving human-like or even superhuman performance. While this type of machine learning holds the potential to become a helpful decision support tool, it comes with a set of distinctive challenges that need to be addressed to ensure applicability, validity and safety. In this review, we highlight recent advances of RL focusing on studies in oncology and point out current challenges and pitfalls that need to be accounted for in future studies in order to successfully develop RL-based decision support systems for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Niklas Eckardt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.B.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Karsten Wendt
- Institute of Software and Multimedia Technology, Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.B.); (J.M.M.)
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Moritz Middeke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.B.); (J.M.M.)
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13
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Li S, Deng YQ, Zhu ZL, Hua HL, Tao ZZ. A Comprehensive Review on Radiomics and Deep Learning for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Imaging. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1523. [PMID: 34573865 PMCID: PMC8465998 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignant tumours of the head and neck, and improving the efficiency of its diagnosis and treatment strategies is an important goal. With the development of the combination of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and medical imaging in recent years, an increasing number of studies have been conducted on image analysis of NPC using AI tools, especially radiomics and artificial neural network methods. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of NPC imaging research based on radiomics and deep learning. These studies depict a promising prospect for the diagnosis and treatment of NPC. The deficiencies of the current studies and the potential of radiomics and deep learning for NPC imaging are discussed. We conclude that future research should establish a large-scale labelled dataset of NPC images and that studies focused on screening for NPC using AI are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, China; (S.L.); (Y.-Q.D.); (H.-L.H.)
| | - Yu-Qin Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, China; (S.L.); (Y.-Q.D.); (H.-L.H.)
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Hong-Li Hua
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, China; (S.L.); (Y.-Q.D.); (H.-L.H.)
| | - Ze-Zhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, China; (S.L.); (Y.-Q.D.); (H.-L.H.)
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14
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Xu Q, Guo Q, Wang CX, Zhang S, Wen CB, Sun T, Peng W, Chen J, Li WH. Network differentiation: A computational method of pathogenesis diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine based on systems science. Artif Intell Med 2021; 118:102134. [PMID: 34412850 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2021.102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Resembling the role of disease diagnosis in Western medicine, pathogenesis (also called Bing Ji) diagnosis is one of the utmost important tasks in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In TCM theory, pathogenesis is a complex system composed of a group of interrelated factors, which is highly consistent with the character of systems science (SS). In this paper, we introduce a heuristic definition called pathogenesis network (PN) to represent pathogenesis in the form of the directed graph. Accordingly, a computational method of pathogenesis diagnosis, called network differentiation (ND), is proposed by integrating the holism principle in SS. ND consists of three stages. The first stage is to generate all possible diagnoses by Cartesian Product operated on specified prior knowledge corresponding to the input symptoms. The second stage is to screen the validated diagnoses by holism principle. The third stage is to pick out the clinical diagnosis by physician-computer interaction. Some theorems are stated and proved for the further optimization of ND in this paper. We conducted simulation experiments on 100 clinical cases. The experimental results show that our proposed method has an excellent capability to fit the holistic thinking in the process of physician inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- College of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China.
| | - Qiang Guo
- Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Chun-Xia Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Chuan-Biao Wen
- College of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China.
| | - Wei-Hong Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610100, China.
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15
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Jeon J, Kang S, Kim HU. Predicting biochemical and physiological effects of natural products from molecular structures using machine learning. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1954-1966. [PMID: 34047331 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00016k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2016 to 2021Discovery of novel natural products has been greatly facilitated by advances in genome sequencing, genome mining and analytical techniques. As a result, the volume of data for natural products has increased over the years, which started to serve as ingredients for developing machine learning models. In the past few years, a number of machine learning models have been developed to examine various aspects of a molecule by effectively processing its molecular structure. Understanding of the biological effects of natural products can benefit from such machine learning approaches. In this context, this Highlight reviews recent studies on machine learning models developed to infer various biological effects of molecules. A particular attention is paid to molecular featurization, or computational representation of a molecular structure, which is an essential process during the development of a machine learning model. Technical challenges associated with the use of machine learning for natural products are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyeok Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongmo Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. and KAIST Institute for Artificial Intelligence, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea and BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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16
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Naghizadeh A, Salamat M, Hamzeian D, Akbari S, Rezaeizadeh H, Vaghasloo MA, Karbalaei R, Mirzaie M, Karimi M, Jafari M. IrGO: Iranian traditional medicine General Ontology and knowledge base. J Biomed Semantics 2021; 12:9. [PMID: 33863373 PMCID: PMC8052758 DOI: 10.1186/s13326-021-00237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iranian traditional medicine, also known as Persian Medicine, is a holistic school of medicine with a long prolific history. It describes numerous concepts and the relationships between them. However, no unified language system has been proposed for the concepts of this medicine up to the present time. Considering the extensive terminology in the numerous textbooks written by the scholars over centuries, comprehending the totality of concepts is obviously a very challenging task. To resolve this issue, overcome the obstacles, and code the concepts in a reusable manner, constructing an ontology of the concepts of Iranian traditional medicine seems a necessity. Construction and content Makhzan al-Advieh, an encyclopedia of materia medica compiled by Mohammad Hossein Aghili Khorasani, was selected as the resource to create an ontology of the concepts used to describe medicinal substances. The steps followed to accomplish this task included (1) compiling the list of classes via examination of textbooks, and text mining the resource followed by manual review to ensure comprehensiveness of extracted terms; (2) arranging the classes in a taxonomy; (3) determining object and data properties; (4) specifying annotation properties including ID, labels (English and Persian), alternative terms, and definitions (English and Persian); (5) ontology evaluation. The ontology was created using Protégé with adherence to the principles of ontology development provided by the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology (OBO) foundry. Utility and discussion The ontology was finalized with inclusion of 3521 classes, 15 properties, and 20,903 axioms in the Iranian traditional medicine General Ontology (IrGO) database, freely available at http://ir-go.net/. An indented list and an interactive graph view using WebVOWL were used to visualize the ontology. All classes were linked to their instances in UNaProd database to create a knowledge base of ITM materia medica. Conclusion We constructed an ontology-based knowledge base of ITM concepts in the domain of materia medica to help offer a shared and common understanding of this concept, enable reuse of the knowledge, and make the assumptions explicit. This ontology will aid Persian medicine practitioners in clinical decision-making to select drugs. Extending IrGO will bridge the gap between traditional and conventional schools of medicine, helping guide future research in the process of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeh Naghizadeh
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Salamat
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Donya Hamzeian
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Akbari
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezaeizadeh
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Alizadeh Vaghasloo
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Mirzaie
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohieddin Jafari
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Wang Y, Yang H, Chen L, Jafari M, Tang J. Network-based modeling of herb combinations in traditional Chinese medicine. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6217717. [PMID: 33834186 PMCID: PMC8425426 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years for treating human diseases. In comparison to modern medicine, one of the advantages of TCM is the principle of herb compatibility, known as TCM formulae. A TCM formula usually consists of multiple herbs to achieve the maximum treatment effects, where their interactions are believed to elicit the therapeutic effects. Despite being a fundamental component of TCM, the rationale of combining specific herb combinations remains unclear. In this study, we proposed a network-based method to quantify the interactions in herb pairs. We constructed a protein–protein interaction network for a given herb pair by retrieving the associated ingredients and protein targets, and determined multiple network-based distances including the closest, shortest, center, kernel, and separation, both at the ingredient and at the target levels. We found that the frequently used herb pairs tend to have shorter distances compared to random herb pairs, suggesting that a therapeutic herb pair is more likely to affect neighboring proteins in the human interactome. Furthermore, we found that the center distance determined at the ingredient level improves the discrimination of top-frequent herb pairs from random herb pairs, suggesting the rationale of considering the topologically important ingredients for inferring the mechanisms of action of TCM. Taken together, we have provided a network pharmacology framework to quantify the degree of herb interactions, which shall help explore the space of herb combinations more effectively to identify the synergistic compound interactions based on network topology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongbin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linxiao Chen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jing Tang
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki and Group Leader of Network Pharmacology for Precision Medicine group, Finland
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18
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In vitro biological activity of Salvia fruticosa Mill. infusion against amyloid β-peptide-induced toxicity and inhibition of GSK-3 β, CK-1 δ, and BACE-1 enzymes relevant to Alzheimer's disease. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:236-243. [PMID: 33981172 PMCID: PMC8084717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia species have been traditionally used to improve cognition and have been proved to be a potential natural treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. Salvia fruticosa Mill. (Turkish sage or Greek sage) demonstrated to have anticholinergic effects in vitro. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of S. fruticosa infusion and its representative compound rosmarinic acid, which was detected by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The protective effects of the S. fruticosa infusion (SFINF) and its major substance rosmarinic acid (RA) on amyloid beta 1–42 -induced cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y cells together with p-GSK-3β activation were investigated. Their in vitro inhibitory effects against glycogen synthase kinase 3β, β-secretase, and casein kinase 1δ enzymes were also evaluated. The results showed that treatment with the all tested concentrations, SFINF significantly decreased Aβ 1–42-induced cytotoxicity and exhibited promising in vitro glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitory activity below 10 µg/mL (IC50 6.52 ± 1.14 µg/mL), in addition to β-secretase inhibition (IC50 86 ± 2.9 µg/mL) and casein kinase 1δ inhibition (IC50 121.57 ± 4.00). The SFINF (100 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL) also activated the expression of p-GSK-3β in amyloid beta 1–42 treated SH-SY5Y cells. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that the S. fruticosa infusion possessed activity to prevent amyloid beta 1–42 -induced neurotoxicity and provided proof that its mechanism may involve regulation of p-GSK-3β protein.
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19
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Tang Y, Li Z, Yang D, Fang Y, Gao S, Liang S, Liu T. Research of insomnia on traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment based on machine learning. Chin Med 2021; 16:2. [PMID: 33407711 PMCID: PMC7789502 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insomnia as one of the dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been extensively studied in recent years. To explore the novel approaches of research on TCM diagnosis and treatment, this paper presents a strategy for the research of insomnia based on machine learning. Methods First of all, 654 insomnia cases have been collected from an experienced doctor of TCM as sample data. Secondly, in the light of the characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment, the contents of research samples have been divided into four parts: the basic information, the four diagnostic methods, the treatment based on syndrome differentiation and the main prescription. And then, these four parts have been analyzed by three analysis methods, including frequency analysis, association rules and hierarchical cluster analysis. Finally, a comprehensive study of the whole four parts has been conducted by random forest. Results Researches of the above four parts revealed some essential connections. Simultaneously, based on the algorithm model established by the random forest, the accuracy of predicting the main prescription by the combinations of the four diagnostic methods and the treatment based on syndrome differentiation was 0.85. Furthermore, having been extracted features through applying the random forest, the syndrome differentiation of five zang-organs was proven to be the most significant parameter of the TCM diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions The results indicate that the machine learning methods are worthy of being adopted to study the dominant diseases of TCM for exploring the crucial rules of the diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Zechen Li
- School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Shan Liang
- School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Electronic Engineering College, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
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Bahari F, Yavari M. Hot and Cold Theory: Evidence in Systems Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1343:135-160. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80983-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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21
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Bu H, Li X, Hu L, Wang J, Li Y, Zhao T, Wang H, Wang S. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of the medicinal fungus puffball analysis based on network pharmacology. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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22
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Yu YD, Xiu YP, Li YF, Xue YT. To Explore the Mechanism and Equivalent Molecular Group of Fuxin Mixture in Treating Heart Failure Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8852877. [PMID: 33273955 PMCID: PMC7700035 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8852877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fuxin mixture (FXHJ) is a prescription for the treatment of heart failure. It has been shown to be effective in clinical trials, but its active ingredients and mechanism of action are not completely clear, which limits its clinical application and international promotion. In this study, we used network pharmacology to find, conclude, and summarize the mechanism of FXHJ in the treatment of heart failure. From FXHJ, we found 39 active ingredients and 47 action targets. Next, we constructed the action network and was conducted enrichment analysis. The results showed that FXHJ mainly treated heart failure by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway, PI3KAkt signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and the apoptotic signaling molecule BCL2. Through the research method of network pharmacology, this study summarized the preliminary experiments of the research group and revealed the probable mechanism of FXHJ in the treatment of heart failure to a certain extent, which provided some ideas for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-ding Yu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yi-ping Xiu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yang-fan Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yi-tao Xue
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
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