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Salomez-Ihl C, Giai J, Barbado M, Paris A, Touati S, Alcaraz JP, Tanguy S, Leroy C, Lehmann A, Degano B, Gavard M, Bedouch P, Pavese P, Moreau-Gaudry A, Roustit M, Boucher F, Cinquin P, Brion JP. H 2 inhalation therapy in patients with moderate COVID-19 (H 2COVID): a prospective ascending-dose phase I clinical trial. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0057324. [PMID: 39016593 PMCID: PMC11304737 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00573-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has triggered a serious global health crisis, resulting in millions of reported deaths since its initial identification in China in November 2019. The global disparities in immunization access emphasize the urgent need for ongoing research into therapeutic interventions. This study focuses on the potential use of molecular dihydrogen (H2) inhalation as an adjunctive treatment for COVID-19. H2 therapy shows promise in inhibiting intracellular signaling pathways associated with inflammation, particularly when administered early in conjunction with nasal oxygen therapy. This phase I study, characterized by an open-label, prospective, monocentric, and single ascending-dose design, seeks to assess the safety and tolerability of the procedure in individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Employing a 3 + 3 design, the study includes three exposure durations (target durations): 1 day (D1), 3 days (D2), and 6 days (D3). We concluded that the maximum tolerated duration is at least 3 days. Every patient showed clinical improvement and excellent tolerance to H2 therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this phase I clinical trial is the first to establish the safety of inhaling a mixture of H2 (3.6%) and N2 (96.4%) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The original device and method employed ensure the absence of explosion risk. The encouraging outcomes observed in the 12 patients included in the study justify further exploration through larger, controlled clinical trials. CLINICAL TRIALS This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04633980.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Salomez-Ihl
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, Grenoble, France
- Department of Pharmacy, Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - J. Giai
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Grenoble, France
| | - M. Barbado
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Grenoble, France
| | - A. Paris
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Grenoble, France
| | - S. Touati
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - J. P. Alcaraz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, Grenoble, France
| | - S. Tanguy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, Grenoble, France
| | - C. Leroy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Grenoble, France
| | - A. Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - B. Degano
- Department of Pneumology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - M. Gavard
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Delegation for Clinical Research and Innovation, Grenoble, France
| | - P. Bedouch
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, Grenoble, France
- Department of Pharmacy, Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - P. Pavese
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - A. Moreau-Gaudry
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Grenoble, France
| | - M. Roustit
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Grenoble, France
| | - F. Boucher
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, Grenoble, France
| | - P. Cinquin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Grenoble, France
| | - J. P. Brion
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Gaboreau Y, Milovančev A, Rolland C, Eychenne C, Alcaraz JP, Ihl C, Mazet R, Boucher F, Vermorel C, Ostojic SM, Borel JC, Cinquin P, Bosson JL. Molecular Hydrogen for Outpatients with COVID-19 (Hydro-COVID): A Phase 3 Randomised, Triple-Blinded, Pragmatic, Placebo-Controlled, Multicentre Trial. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4308. [PMID: 39124575 PMCID: PMC11313273 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, and anti-fatigue properties, molecular hydrogen (H2) is potentially a novel therapeutic nutrient for patients with coronavirus acute disease 2019 (COVID-19). We determined the efficacy and safety profile of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) to reduce the risk of COVID-19 progression. Methods: We also conducted a phase 3, triple-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate treatment with HRW initiated within 5 days after the onset of signs or symptoms in primary care patients with mild-to-moderate, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Participants were randomised to receive HRW or placebo twice daily for 21 days. The incidence of clinical worsening and adverse events were the primary endpoints. Results: A total of 675 participants were followed up to day 30. HRW was not superior to placebo in preventing clinical worsening at day 14: in H2 group, 46.1% in the H2 group, 43.5% in the placebo group, hazard ratio 1.09, 90% confidence interval [0.90-1.31]. One death was reported at day 30 in the H2 group and two in the placebo group at day 30. Adverse events were reported in 91 (27%) and 89 (26.2%) participants, respectively. Conclusions: HRW taken twice daily from the onset of COVID-19 symptoms for 21 days did not reduce clinical worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Gaboreau
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, University Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (C.E.); (J.-P.A.); (C.I.); (F.B.); (C.V.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Milovančev
- Institute of Sremska Kamenica, Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia;
| | - Carole Rolland
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, University Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (C.E.); (J.-P.A.); (C.I.); (F.B.); (C.V.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Claire Eychenne
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, University Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (C.E.); (J.-P.A.); (C.I.); (F.B.); (C.V.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Alcaraz
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, University Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (C.E.); (J.-P.A.); (C.I.); (F.B.); (C.V.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Cordelia Ihl
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, University Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (C.E.); (J.-P.A.); (C.I.); (F.B.); (C.V.); (J.-L.B.)
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Department of Pharmacy, University Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France;
| | - Roseline Mazet
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Department of Pharmacy, University Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France;
| | - François Boucher
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, University Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (C.E.); (J.-P.A.); (C.I.); (F.B.); (C.V.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Celine Vermorel
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, University Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (C.E.); (J.-P.A.); (C.I.); (F.B.); (C.V.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Sergej M. Ostojic
- FSPE Applied Bioenergetics Lab, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | | | - Philippe Cinquin
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, University Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (C.E.); (J.-P.A.); (C.I.); (F.B.); (C.V.); (J.-L.B.)
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, CIC1406, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Bosson
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, University Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.R.); (C.E.); (J.-P.A.); (C.I.); (F.B.); (C.V.); (J.-L.B.)
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, CIC1406, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, 38700 Grenoble, France
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Liu R, Zhang J, Rodrigues Lima F, Zeng J, Nian Q. Targeting neutrophil extracellular traps: A novel strategy in hematologic malignancies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116334. [PMID: 38422658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have emerged as a critical factor in malignant hematologic disease pathogenesis. These structures, comprising DNA, histones, and cytoplasmic proteins, were initially recognized for their role in immune defense against microbial threats. Growing evidence suggests that NETs contribute to malignant cell progression and dissemination, representing a double-edged sword. However, there is a paucity of reports on its involvement in hematological disorders. A comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between malignant cells and NETs is necessary to explore effective therapeutic strategies. This review highlights NET formation and mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis. Moreover, we discuss recent advancements in targeted inhibitor development for selective NET disruption, empowering precise design and efficacious therapeutic interventions for malignant hematologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Road, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Transfusion, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# W. Sec 2, 1stRing Rd, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Fernando Rodrigues Lima
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 2-16 Rue Theroigne deMericourt, Paris 75013, France
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37 Shierqiaolu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China.
| | - Qing Nian
- Department of Transfusion, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# W. Sec 2, 1stRing Rd, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
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Shi MM, Chen YT, Wang XD, Zhang YF, Cheng T, Chen H, Sun F, Bao H, Chen R, Xiong WN, Song YL, Li QY, Qu JM. The efficacy of hydrogen/oxygen therapy favored the recovery of omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant infection: results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:228-233. [PMID: 37970554 PMCID: PMC10636573 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies had found that hydrogen/oxygen mixed inhalation was beneficial to ameliorate the respiratory symptoms in the adjuvant treatment of patients with COVID-19. We aimed to explore the efficacy of hydrogen/oxygen therapy in favoring the recovery of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant infection. There were 64 patients who randomly assigned to receive hydrogen/oxygen inhalation (32 patients) and oxygen inhalation (32 patients). The average shedding duration of Omicron in hydrogen/oxygen group was shorter than oxygen group. The trend of cumulative negative conversion rate of Omicron increased gradually after the third day. The IL-6 levels in hydrogen/oxygen group decreased by 22.8% compared with the baseline. After hydrogen/oxygen mixed gas inhalation, the lymphocyte count increased to 61.1% of the baseline on the 3rd day in the hydrogen/oxygen group. More patients in the hydrogen/oxygen group had resolution of pulmonary lesions. Our study showed the beneficial trends of molecular hydrogen in treating patients with COVID-19, which may offer a prospective solution to adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 Patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yun-Tian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Lu, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Putuo District Liqun Hospital, 910 Taopu Road, Shanghai 200333, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1279 Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hong Bao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei-Ning Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Lu, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing-Yun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jie-Ming Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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Singh RB, Tarnava A, Fatima G, Fedacko J, Mojto V, LeBaron TW. Can Hydrogen Water Enhance Oxygen Saturation in Patients with Chronic Lung Disease? A Non-Randomized, Observational Pilot Study. Diseases 2023; 11:127. [PMID: 37873771 PMCID: PMC10594520 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, chronic lung diseases have been found to be associated with marked inflammation and oxidative stress, which leads to fibrosis in the lungs and chronic respiratory failure. This study aims to determine if hydrogen-rich water (HRW) can enhance oxygen saturation among patients with chronic lung diseases. METHODS Ten patients with chronic lung diseases due to COPD (n = 7), bronchial asthma (n = 2), and tuberculosis of the lung (n = 1) with oxygen saturation of 90-95% were provided high-concentration (>5 mM) HRW using H2-producing tablets for 4 weeks. Oxygen saturation was measured via oximeter and blood pressure via digital automatic BP recorder. RESULTS HRW administration was associated with a significant increase in oxygen saturation (SpO2) and decrease in TBARS, MDA, and diene conjugates, with an increase in vitamin E and nitrite levels, compared to baseline levels. Physical training carried out after HRW therapy appeared to increase exercise tolerance and decrease hypoxia, as well as delay the need for oxygen therapy. CONCLUSION Treatment with HRW in patients with hypoxia from chronic lung diseases may decrease oxidative stress and improve oxygen saturation in some patients. HRW therapy may also provide increased exercise tolerance in patients with chronic hypoxia, but further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram B. Singh
- Department of Medicine, Halberg Hospital and Research Institute, Moradabad 244001, India
| | - Alex Tarnava
- Natural Wellness Now Health Products Inc., Maple Ridge, BC V4R 2S6, Canada
| | - Ghizal Fatima
- Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Jan Fedacko
- Centre of Clinical and Preclinical Research-MEDIPARK, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Viliam Mojto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tyler W. LeBaron
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Cedar City, UT 84720, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar, UT 84720, USA
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Zeng Y, Guan W, Wang K, Jie Z, Zou X, Tan X, Li X, Chen X, Ren X, Jiang J, Zheng Z, Shi J, Zhong N. Effect of hydrogen/oxygen therapy for ordinary COVID-19 patients: a propensity-score matched case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:440. [PMID: 37386364 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen/oxygen therapy contribute to ameliorate dyspnea and disease progression in patients with respiratory diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that hydrogen/oxygen therapy for ordinary coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients might reduce the length of hospitalization and increase hospital discharge rates. METHODS This retrospective, propensity-score matched (PSM) case-control study included 180 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from 3 centers. After assigned in 1:2 ratios by PSM, 33 patients received hydrogen/oxygen therapy and 55 patients received oxygen therapy included in this study. Primary endpoint was the length of hospitalization. Secondary endpoints were hospital discharge rates and oxygen saturation (SpO2). Vital signs and respiratory symptoms were also observed. RESULTS Findings confirmed a significantly lower median length of hospitalization (HR = 1.91; 95% CIs, 1.25-2.92; p < 0.05) in the hydrogen/oxygen group (12 days; 95% CI, 9-15) versus the oxygen group (13 days; 95% CI, 11-20). The higher hospital discharge rates were observed in the hydrogen/oxygen group at 21 days (93.9% vs. 74.5%; p < 0.05) and 28 days (97.0% vs. 85.5%; p < 0.05) compared with the oxygen group, except for 14 days (69.7% vs. 56.4%). After 5-day therapy, patients in hydrogen/oxygen group exhibited a higher level of SpO2 compared with that in the oxygen group (98.5%±0.56% vs. 97.8%±1.0%; p < 0.001). In subgroup analysis of patients received hydrogen/oxygen, patients aged < 55 years (p = 0.028) and without comorbidities (p = 0.002) exhibited a shorter hospitalization (median 10 days). CONCLUSION This study indicated that hydrogen/oxygen might be a useful therapeutic medical gas to enhance SpO2 and shorten length of hospitalization in patients with ordinary COVID-19. Younger patients or those without comorbidities are likely to benefit more from hydrogen/oxygen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Jie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangling County People's Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeguang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jindong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Center of Community-Based Health Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Wei Y, Wang K, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Tian Y, Yin H, Fu X, Ma Z, Zhou J, Yu M, Ni Q, Tang W. Potent anti-inflammatory responses: Role of hydrogen in IL-1α dominated early phase systemic inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1138762. [PMID: 37007020 PMCID: PMC10063881 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It has been proven that hydrogen has obvious anti-inflammatory effects in animal experiments and clinical practice. However, the early dynamic process of the inflammatory response caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen has not been definitively reported. Methods: Inflammation in male C57/BL6J mice or RAW264.7 cells was induced with LPS, for which hydrogen was immediately administered until samples were taken. Pathological changes in lung tissue were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Levels of inflammatory factors in serum were determined using liquid protein chip. The mRNA levels of chemotactic factors in lung tissues, leukocytes, and peritoneal macrophages were measured by qRT-PCR. The expression levels of IL-1α and HIF-1α were measured by immunocytochemistry. Results: Hydrogen alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory infiltration in the lung tissues of mice. Among the 23 inflammatory factors screened, LPS-induced upregulation of IL-1α etc. was significantly inhibited by hydrogen within 1 hour. The mRNA expression of MCP-1, MIP-1α, G-CSF, and RANTES was inhibited obviously by hydrogen at 0.5 and 1 h in mouse peritoneal macrophages. In addition, hydrogen significantly blocked LPS or H2O2-induced upregulation of HIF-1α, and IL-1α in 0.5 h in RAW264.7 cells. Discussion: The results suggested that hydrogen is potentially inhibitive against inflammation by inhibiting HIF-1α and IL-1α release at early occurrence. The target of the inhibitive LPS-induced-inflammatory action of hydrogen is chemokines in macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. This study provides direct experimental evidence for quickly controlling inflammation with the translational application of a hydrogen-assisted protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhen Wei
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hydrogen Medicine Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Jinan People’s Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Office of Academic Research, Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Duan
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongling Yin
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelian Fu
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuan Ma
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingbin Ni
- Hydrogen Medicine Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjie Tang, ; Qingbin Ni,
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjie Tang, ; Qingbin Ni,
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8
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Rana R, Kant R, Kumra T, Gupta S, Rana DS, Ganguly NK. An update on SARS-CoV-2 immunization and future directions. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1125305. [PMID: 36969857 PMCID: PMC10033701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1125305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people have died as a result of SARS-CoV-2, which was first discovered in China and has since spread globally. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection may show a range of symptoms, including fever, coughing, and shortness of breath, or they may show no symptoms at all. To treat COVID-19 symptoms and avoid serious infections, many medications and vaccinations have been employed. However, to entirely eradicate COVID-19 from the world, next-generation vaccine research is required because of the devastating consequences it is having for humanity and every nation's economy. Scientists are working hard to eradicate this dangerous virus across the world. SARS-CoV-2 has also undergone significant mutation, leading to distinct viral types such as the alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and omicron variants. This has sparked discussion about the effectiveness of current vaccines for the newly formed variants. A proper comparison of these vaccinations is required to compare their efficacy as the number of people immunized against SARS-CoV-2 globally increases. Population-level statistics evaluating the capacity of these vaccines to reduce infection are therefore being developed. In this paper, we analyze the many vaccines on the market in terms of their production process, price, dosage needed, and efficacy. This article also discusses the challenges of achieving herd immunity, the likelihood of reinfection, and the importance of convalescent plasma therapy in reducing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Rana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Kumra
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneha Gupta
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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9
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Magnesium Hydride Ameliorates Endotoxin-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Inhibiting Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cell Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5918954. [PMID: 35528515 PMCID: PMC9072031 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5918954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causes uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation, resulting in high morbidity and mortality in severe cases. Given the antioxidative effect of molecular hydrogen, some recent studies suggest the potential use of molecular hydrogen as a biomedicine for the treatment of ARDS. In this study, we aimed to explore the protective effects of magnesium hydride (MgH2) on two types of ARDS models and its underlying mechanism in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS model of the A549 cell line. The results showed that LPS successfully induced oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, and barrier breakdown in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). MgH2 can exert an anti-inflammatory effect by down-regulating the expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). In addition, MgH2 decreased oxidative stress by eliminating intracellular ROS, inhibited apoptosis by regulating the expressions of cytochrome c, Bax, and Bcl-2, and suppressed barrier breakdown by up-regulating the expression of ZO-1 and occludin. Mechanistically, the expressions of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-P65, NLRP3, and cleaved-caspase-1 were decreased after MgH2 treatment, indicating that AKT/mTOR and NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β pathways participated in the protective effects of MgH2. Furthermore, the in vivo study also demonstrated that MgH2-treated mice had a better survival rate and weaker pathological damage. All these findings demonstrated that MgH2 could exert an ARDS-protective effect by regulating the AKT/mTOR and NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β pathways to suppress LPS-induced inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress injury, apoptosis, and barrier breakdown, which may provide a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of ARDS.
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10
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Abstract
Molecular hydrogen exerts biological effects on nearly all organs. It has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects and contributes to the regulation of autophagy and cell death. As the primary organ for gas exchange, the lungs are constantly exposed to various harmful environmental irritants. Short- or long-term exposure to these harmful substances often results in lung injury, causing respiratory and lung diseases. Acute and chronic respiratory diseases have high rates of morbidity and mortality and have become a major public health concern worldwide. For example, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. An increasing number of studies have revealed that hydrogen may protect the lungs from diverse diseases, including acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we highlight the multiple functions of hydrogen and the mechanisms underlying its protective effects in various lung diseases, with a focus on its roles in disease pathogenesis and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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11
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Botek M, Krejčí J, Valenta M, McKune A, Sládečková B, Konečný P, Klimešová I, Pastucha D. Molecular Hydrogen Positively Affects Physical and Respiratory Function in Acute Post-COVID-19 Patients: A New Perspective in Rehabilitation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1992. [PMID: 35206179 PMCID: PMC8872486 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19041992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is potentially a novel therapeutic gas for acute post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients because it has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, and antifatigue properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 14 days of H2 inhalation on the respiratory and physical fitness status of acute post-COVID-19 patients. This randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study included 26 males (44 ± 17 years) and 24 females (38 ± 12 years), who performed a 6-min walking test (6 MWT) and pulmonary function test, specifically forced vital capacity (FVC) and expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). Symptomatic participants were recruited between 21 and 33 days after a positive polymerase chain reaction test. The experiment consisted of H2/placebo inhalation, 2 × 60 min/day for 14 days. Results showed that H2 therapy, compared with placebo, significantly increased 6 MWT distance by 64 ± 39 m, FVC by 0.19 ± 0.24 L, and, in FEV1, by 0.11 ± 0.28 L (all p ≤ 0.025). In conclusion, H2 inhalation had beneficial health effects in terms of improved physical and respiratory function in acute post-COVID-19 patients. Therefore, H2 inhalation may represent a safe, effective approach for accelerating early function restoration in post-COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Botek
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (M.V.); (B.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Jakub Krejčí
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (M.V.); (B.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Michal Valenta
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (M.V.); (B.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Andrew McKune
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia;
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Barbora Sládečková
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (M.V.); (B.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Petr Konečný
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Iva Klimešová
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (M.V.); (B.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Dalibor Pastucha
- Clinic of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
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12
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Li Y, Wang Z, Lian N, Wang Y, Zheng W, Xie K. Molecular Hydrogen: A Promising Adjunctive Strategy for the Treatment of the COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:671215. [PMID: 34746162 PMCID: PMC8569706 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.671215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has no specific and effective treatment. The pathophysiological process of the COVID-19 is an excessive inflammatory response after an organism infects with a virus. Inflammatory storms play an important role in the development of the COVID-19. A large number of studies have confirmed that hydrogen has a therapeutic effect on many diseases via inhibiting excessive inflammatory cells and factors. Recently, a study led by the Academician Zhong Nanshan in China on the treatment of the patients with the COVID-19 by inhalation of a mixed gas composed of hydrogen and oxygen has attracted widespread international attention and hydrogen therapy has also been included in a new treatment plan for the COVID-19 in China. This study mainly describes the mechanism of occurrence of the COVID-19, summarizes the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of hydrogen on the critical disease, and analyzes the feasibility and potential therapeutic targets of hydrogen for the treatment of the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingning Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Naqi Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuzun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiqiang Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,College of Anesthesiology, Translational Research Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, College of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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13
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Singh RB, Halabi G, Fatima G, Rai RH, Tarnava AT, LeBaron TW. Molecular hydrogen as an adjuvant therapy may be associated with increased oxygen saturation and improved exercise tolerance in a COVID-19 patient. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e05039. [PMID: 34765212 PMCID: PMC8572338 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of molecular hydrogen dissolved in water to patient with COVID-19-like symptoms may improve oxygen levels and exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram B. Singh
- Halberg Hospital and Research InstituteMoradabadIndia
| | | | | | - Richa H. Rai
- School of PhysiotherapyDelhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University DelhiIndia
| | | | - Tyler W. LeBaron
- Centre of Experimental MedicineInstitute for Heart ResearchSlovak Academy of SciencesFaculty of Natural Sciences of Comenius UniversityBratislavaSlovak Republic
- Molecular Hydrogen InstituteCedar CityUtahUSA
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor RecreationSouthern Utah UniversityCedarUtahUSA
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14
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Du D, Zhao L, Shen M, Noda M, Qin S, Long J, Sun X, Liu J. Hydrogen medicine: A rising star in gas medicine. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900020300052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas medicine, including O2, NO, H2S, CO, CH4, has played important roles in prevention and treatment of diseases for a long time. Molecular hydrogen (H2), the smallest diatomic molecule in nature, has become a rising star in gas medicine in the past decades. Many studies have shown that H2 has preventive and therapeutic effects on various diseases through its selective antioxidant activity. H2, as a non-toxic gas for the human body and convenience to obtain, has provided a great possibility to be used widely. Currently, the main difficulties in hydrogen medicine are lack of definitive clinical evidence and the molecular basis of hydrogen effects. In this paper, the authors have conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of these issues, and also proposed the possibility of developing Hydrogen Biology and Hydrogen Medicine as new disciplines of biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Du
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Meihua Shen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Provincial Crops Hospital, Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, 831 Hongxu Road, Shanghai 201103, P. R. China
| | - Mami Noda
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shucun Qin
- Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271000, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Department of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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