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Barcan AS, Barcan RA, Vamanu E. Therapeutic Potential of Fungal Polysaccharides in Gut Microbiota Regulation: Implications for Diabetes, Neurodegeneration, and Oncology. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:394. [PMID: 38921380 PMCID: PMC11204944 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review evaluates the therapeutic effects of polysaccharides derived from mushroom species that have medicinal and edible properties. The fungal polysaccharides were recently studied, focusing on their modulation of the gut microbiota and their impact on various diseases. The study covers both clinical and preclinical studies, detailing the results and highlighting the significant influence of these polysaccharides on gut microbiota modulation. It discusses the potential health benefits derived from incorporating these polysaccharides into the diet for managing chronic diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the interaction between fungal polysaccharides and the gut microbiota, underscoring their role in modulating the gut microbial community. It presents a systematic analysis of the findings, demonstrating the substantial impact of fungal polysaccharides on gut microbiota composition and function, which may contribute to their therapeutic effects in various chronic conditions. We conclude that the modulation of the gut microbiota by these polysaccharides may play a crucial role in mediating their therapeutic effects, offering a promising avenue for further research and potential applications in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Stefan Barcan
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
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Wang S, Wang R, Li R, Li Y. Research Progress on Application of Inonotus obliquus in Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6349-6359. [PMID: 38161352 PMCID: PMC10756068 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s431913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the prime causes of end-stage renal disease. At present, the treatment of DKD is mainly confined to inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, but the therapeutic effects is not satisfactory. As a kind of very rare and precious medicinal fungi, Inonotus obliquus has a very high medicinal value. Due to its special hypoglycemic and pharmacological effect, researchers currently have attached great importance to it. In this paper, the biological activities, pharmacological effects and application status in the treatment of DKD-related diseases of Inonotus obliquus and the latest progress of metabolites isolated from it in DKD were summarized, thus providing detailed insights and basic understanding of the potential application prospects in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, People’s Republic of China
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Zhou Y, Yu S, Zhang W. NOD-like Receptor Signaling Pathway in Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Diseases and Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14511. [PMID: 37833958 PMCID: PMC10572711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular proteins with a central role in innate and adaptive immunity. As a member of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), NLRs sense specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns, trigger numerous signaling pathways and lead to the secretion of various cytokines. In recent years, cumulative studies have revealed the significant impacts of NLRs in gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory diseases and cancers. Deciphering the role and molecular mechanism of the NLR signaling pathways may provide new opportunities for the development of therapeutic strategies related to GI inflammatory diseases and GI cancers. This review presents the structures and signaling pathways of NLRs, summarizes the recent advances regarding NLR signaling in GI inflammatory diseases and GI cancers and describes comprehensive therapeutic strategies based on this signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhou
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Songyan Yu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Wenyong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.Z.); (S.Y.)
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Song J, Chen M, Meng F, Chen J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Cui J, Wang J, Shi D. Studies on the interaction mechanism between xanthine oxidase and osmundacetone: Molecular docking, multi-spectroscopy and dynamical simulation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 299:122861. [PMID: 37209475 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a key enzyme in uric acid production, and its molybdopterin (Mo-Pt) domain is an important catalytic center when xanthine and hypoxanthine are oxidated. It is found that the extract of Inonotus obliquus has an inhibitory effect on XO. In this study, five key chemical compounds were initially identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and two compounds, osmundacetone ((3E)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one) and protocatechuic aldehyde (3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde), were screened as the XO inhibitors by ultrafiltration technology. Osmundacetone bound XO strongly and competitively inhibited XO with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 129.08 ± 1.71 μM, and its inhibition mechanism, was investigated. Osmundacetone and XO via static quenching and spontaneously bound with XO with high affinity, primarily via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Molecular docking studies showed that osmundacetone was inserted into the Mo-Pt center and interacted with hydrophobic residues of Phe911, Gly913, Phe914, Ser1008, Phe1009, Thr1010, Val1011, and Ala1079 of XO. In summary, these findings suggest that provide theoretical basis for the research and development of XO inhibitors from Inonotus obliquus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiling Song
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- The College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Fanlei Meng
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Zhanwei Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; Nanguan Middle School, Honghua Gang District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing Cui
- The College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; The College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China.
| | - Dongfang Shi
- The College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
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The Multifaceted Role and Regulation of Nlrp3 Inflammasome in Colitis-Associated Colo-Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043472. [PMID: 36834883 PMCID: PMC9959003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated colo-rectal cancer remains the leading cause of mortality in inflammatory bowel diseases, with inflammation remaining one of the bridging points between the two pathologies. The NLRP3 inflammasome complex plays an important role in innate immunity; however, its misregulation can be responsible for the apparition of various pathologies such as ulcerative colitis. Our review focuses on the potential pathways of upregulation or downregulation of the NLRP3 complex, in addition to evaluating its role in the current clinical setting. Eighteen studies highlighted the potential pathways of NLRP3 complex regulation as well as its role in the metastatic process in colo-rectal cancer, with promising results. Further research is, however, needed in order to validate the results in a clinical setting.
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Bai X, Ma Q, Li Q, Yin M, Xin Y, Zhen D, Wei C. Protective mechanisms of Leontopodium leontopodioides extracts on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury viathe NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:47-57. [PMID: 36641232 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a critical cause of multiple organ failure. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most serious complications associated with an extremely high mortality rate in SIRS, and it lacked simple, safe, and effective treatment strategies. Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauv (LLB) is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic nephritis. However, it remains unclear whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects LPS-induced AKI. To identify the molecular mechanisms of LLB in LPS-induced HK-2 cells and mice, LLB was prepared by extraction with 70% methanol, while a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HK-2 cell model and an AKI model were established in this study. Renal histopathology staining was performed to observe the morphology changes. The cell supernatant and kidney tissues were collected for determining the levels of inflammatory factors and protein expression by ELISA, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. The results indicated that LLB significantly reduced the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-induced HK-2 cells, as well as the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the supernatant. The same results were observed in LPS-induced AKI serum. Further studies revealed that LLB remarkably improved oxidative stress and apoptosis based on the content of MDA, SOD, and CAT in serum and TUNEL staining results. Notably, LLB significantly reduced the mortality due to LPS infection. Renal histopathology staining results supported these results. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and Western blot results confirmed that LLB significantly reduced the expression of the protein related to the NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 which were significantly increased through LPS stimulation. These findings clearly demonstrated the potential use of LLB in the treatment of AKI and the crucial role of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in the process through which LLB attenuates AKI induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; College of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Qi Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Ying Xin
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Dong Zhen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Chengxi Wei
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China.
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Liu ZX, Chen WJ, Wang Y, Chen BQ, Liu YC, Cheng TC, Luo LL, Chen L, Ju LL, Liu Y, Li M, Feng N, Shao JG, Bian ZL. Interleukin-34 deficiency aggravates development of colitis and colitis-associated cancer in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6752-6768. [PMID: 36620338 PMCID: PMC9813936 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i47.6752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although expression of interleukin (IL)-34 is upregulated in active ulcerative colitis (UC), the molecular function and underlying mechanism are largely unclear.
AIM To investigate the function of IL-34 in acute colitis, in a wound healing model and in colitis-associated cancer in IL-34-deficient mice.
METHODS Colitis was induced by administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and carcinogenesis was induced by azoxymethane (AOM). Whether the impact of IL-34 on colitis was dependent on macrophages was validated by depletion of macrophages in a murine model. The association between IL-34 expression and epithelial proliferation was studied in patients with active UC.
RESULTS IL-34 deficiency aggravated murine colitis in acute colitis and in wound healing phase. The effect of IL-34 on experimental colitis was not dependent on macrophage differentiation and polarization. IL-34-deficient mice developed more tumors than wild-type mice following administration of AOM and DSS. No significant difference was shown in degree of cellular differentiation in tumors between wild-type and IL-34-deficient mice. IL-34 was dramatically increased in the active UC patients as previously reported. More importantly, expression of IL-34 was positively correlated with epithelial cell proliferation in patients with UC.
CONCLUSION IL-34 deficiency exacerbates colonic inflammation and accelerates colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice. It might be served as a potential therapeutic target in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xiu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Jie Chen
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bing-Qian Chen
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Cun Liu
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tiao-Chun Cheng
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei-Lei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin-Ling Ju
- Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nan Feng
- Division of Emergency, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jian-Guo Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhao-Lian Bian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu Province, China
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You H, Abraham EJ, Mulligan J, Zhou Y, Montoya M, Willig J, Chen BK, Wang CK, Wang LS, Dong A, Shamtsyan M, Nguyen H, Wong A, Wallace TC. Label compliance for ingredient verification: regulations, approaches, and trends for testing botanical products marketed for "immune health" in the United States. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2441-2460. [PMID: 36123797 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the botanical product market saw a consumer interest increase in immune health supplements. While data are currently insufficient to support public health guidance for using foods and dietary supplements to prevent or treat COVID-19 and other immune disorders, consumer surveys indicate that immune support is the second-most cited reason for supplement use in the United States. Meanwhile, consumers showed increased attention to dietary supplement ingredient labels, especially concerning authenticity and ingredient claims. Top-selling botanical ingredients such as elderberry, turmeric, and functional mushrooms have been increasingly marketed toward consumers to promote immune health, but these popular products succumb to adulteration with inaccurate labeling due to the intentional or unintentional addition of lower grade ingredients, non-target plants, and synthetic compounds, partially due to pandemic-related supply chain issues. This review highlights the regulatory requirements and recommendations for analytical approaches, including chromatography, spectroscopy, and DNA approaches for ingredient claim verification. Demonstrating elderberry, turmeric, and functional mushrooms as examples, this review aims to provide industrial professionals and scientists an overview of current United States regulations, testing approaches, and trends for label compliance verification to ensure the safety of botanical products marketed for "immune health."
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong You
- Eurofins Botanical Testing, US, Inc., Brea, California, USA
- Eurofins US Food, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Jason Mulligan
- Eurofins Botanical Testing, US, Inc., Brea, California, USA
| | - Yucheng Zhou
- Eurofins Botanical Testing, US, Inc., Brea, California, USA
| | | | | | - Bo-Kai Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Athena Dong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Andrea Wong
- Council for Responsible Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Taylor C Wallace
- Think Healthy Group, LLC, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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Evaluation of Toxicity and Efficacy of Inotodiol As an Anti-Inflammatory Agent Using Animal Model. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154704. [PMID: 35897881 PMCID: PMC9331631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) comprises polyphenolic compounds, triterpenoids, polysaccharides, and sterols. Among the triterpenoid components, inotodiol has been broadly examined because of its various biological activities. The purpose of this study is to examine inotodiol from a safety point of view and to present the potential possibilities of inotodiol for medical usage. From chaga mushroom extract, crude inotodiol (INO20) and pure inotodiol (INO95) were produced. Mice were treated with either INO20 or INO95 once daily using oral administration for repeated dose toxicity evaluation. Serum biochemistry parameters were analyzed, and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum was quantified. In parallel, the effect of inotodiol on food allergic symptoms was investigated. Repeated administration of inotodiol did not show any mortality or abnormalities in organs. In food allergy studies, the symptoms of diarrhea were ameliorated by administration with INO95 and INO20. Furthermore, the level of MCPT-1 decreased by treatment with inotodiol. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that inotodiol does not cause any detrimental effect by showing anti-allergic activities in vivo by inhibiting mast cell function. Our data highlight the potential to use inotodiol as an immune modulator for diseases related to inflammation.
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In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effects of Inonotus obliquus Extracts on Resting M0 Macrophages and LPS-Induced M1 Macrophages. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8251344. [PMID: 35497923 PMCID: PMC9050302 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8251344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) is a parasitic fungus that is distributed mainly in northeast China. Our literature research showed chaga polysaccharides have bilateral effects on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels when they exert antitumor and antidiabetic activities. The current research tried to explore the influence of chaga extracts on inflammatory factors via macrophage polarization which has bilateral immune-regulation not only on healthy tissue homeostasis but also on pathologies. Methods Chaga was extracted with 100°C water and precipitated with 80% ethanol. The extracts were studied on RAW264.7 macrophage at resting condition (M0) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated subtype (classic activated macrophage, M1). The IL-1β, TNF-α, nitric oxide (NO) level, and the protein expressions of M1 and alternative activated macrophage (M2) markers including IL-1β, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), mannose receptor (CD206), and arginase (Arg)-1 were compared. Results The 100 g extracts contained 13.7 g polysaccharides and 1.9 g polyphenols. Compared with M0, the 50 μg/mL extracts increased NO level (P < 0.05) and decreased CD206 and Arg-1 expression significantly (P < 0.05). The extracts at 100–200 μg/mL increased NO and TNF-α level (P < 0.05), but increased iNOS and IL-1β expression significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with M1, the extracts decreased NO level at 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α level at 100–200 μg/mL significantly (P < 0.05). At 25–200 μg/mL, the extracts significantly increased CD206 and Arg-1 expression and decreased IL-1β and iNOS expression separately (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our research suggested that the bilateral effects of the chaga extracts on iNOS, IL-1β, and NO level on M0/M1 macrophages might be related with chaga polysaccharides and chaga polyphenols. Some in vivo anticancer and antidiabetic research of purified chaga polysaccharides related to macrophage differentiation should be conducted further.
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Xuan TQ, Gong G, Du H, Liu C, Wu Y, Bao G, Ma Q, Zhen D. Protective effect of pteryxin on LPS-induced acute lung injury via modulating MAPK/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 286:114924. [PMID: 34942323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Peucedanum praeruptorum seed root is a common medicinal herb with antipyretic, expectorant, antitussive, and therapeutic effects against bronchitis and furuncle. The roots of this herb contain many coumarin compounds, including pteryxin. AIM OF THIS STUDY To investigate whether pteryxin can alleviate the LPS-induced lung injury and the mechanism involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male BALB/C mice were orally given sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) (0.5%, 1mL/100g) and pteryxin (suspended in CMC-Na; 0.5%) at 5, 10, 25 mg/kg once daily for 7 days. Subsequently, the mice received a single intratracheal instillation of 5 mg/kg LPS or saline as the control. After 8 hours, the mice were sacrificed to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues. These samples were used to determine the lung W/D (wet/dry) weight ratio, total protein (TP) levels, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and expression of protein involved in MAPK/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. H&E staining was carried out on tissue sections to explore the pathological alterations induced by LPS. The protein expression of F4/80 and NLRP3 in lung tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. The binding of pteryxin to target proteins (MAPK, NF-κB and NLRP3) was determined based on molecular docking tests. RESULTS Treatment with pteryxin reduced the lung W/D weight ratio, total protein (TP) level and levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1 β) significantly. Therefore, it ameliorated LPS-induced inflammatory response in BALB/C mice. Moreover, pteryxin suppressed LPS-induced upregulation of proteins involved in MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The expression level of F4/80 and NLRP3 was also downregulated by pteryxin pretreatment in lung tissues. Docking analysis revealed that pteryxin bound to target proteins (MAPK, NF- κB and NLRP3) with a fit-well pattern . CONCLUSION Pteryxin may attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury by dampening MAPK/NF-κB signaling and NLRP 3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Qi Xuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Guohua Gong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Huanhuan Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Yun Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Guilan Bao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Dong Zhen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
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Shuwen H, Yinhang W, Jing M, Gong C, Xiaohui H, Xi Y, Wei W. Open Reading Frame-3a gene of the 2019 novel coronavirus inhibits the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:14. [PMID: 35306605 PMCID: PMC8934246 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microecology is composed of bacteria, fungi and viruses. As a part of intestinal microecology, viruses participate in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. The 2019-nCoV was detected in stool samples from patients during COVID-19, suggesting that the 2019-nCoV may be associated with intestinal microecology. However, the relationship of the 2019-nCoV and CRC is unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the role of Open Reading Frame-3a (ORF3a) of the 2019-nCoV in CRC. After the pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-Puro vector that provides high expression of ORF3a was transfected into the SW480 CRC cell line, immunofluorescence was used to determine the localization of ORF3a in SW480 cells. The proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression of SW480 cells were measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing, Transwell assay, flow cytometry, the TUNEL assay, and propidium iodide single staining. The results showed that ORF3a inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of SW480 cells and induced their apoptosis after 24, 48, 72 h. Meanwhile, ORF3a inhibited the cell cycle and blocked SW480 CRC cells in the G1 phase. In in vivo experiments, high ORF3a expression was associated with decreased tumor volume, tumor weight, relative tumor volume, and tumor activity. ORF3a inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis and necrosis of tumor tissues. Based on this, we demonstrated that ORF3a might play a role in CRC, providing a new direction for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shuwen
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000 Zhejiang China
| | - Wu Yinhang
- Graduate School of Second Clinical Medicine Faculty, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Mao Jing
- Graduate School of Medical College of Zhejiang University, No. 268 Kaixuan RoadJianggan District, Hangzhou, 310029 Zhejiang China
| | - Chen Gong
- Clinical Medicine of Huzhou University, Medical College of Huzhou University, No. 759, Erhuan East Road, Huzhou, 313000 Zhejiang China
| | - Hou Xiaohui
- Graduate School of Nursing, Huzhou University, No. 1 Bachelor Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000 Zhejiang China
| | - Yang Xi
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000 Zhejiang China
| | - Wu Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000 Zhejiang China
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Lu Y, Jia Y, Xue Z, Li N, Liu J, Chen H. Recent Developments in Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) Polysaccharides: Isolation, Structural Characteristics, Biological Activities and Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1441. [PMID: 33947037 PMCID: PMC8124789 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) is a kind of medicine and health food widely used by folk in China, Russia, Korea, and some occidental countries. Among the extracts from Inonotus obliquus, Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOPS) is supposed to be one of the major bioactive components in Inonotus obliquus, which possesses antitumor, antioxidant, anti-virus, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities. In this review, the current advancements on extraction, purification, structural characteristics, and biological activities of IOPS were summarized. This review can provide significant insight into the IOPS bioactivities as their in vitro and in vivo data were summarized, and some possible mechanisms were listed. Furthermore, applications of IOPS were reviewed and discussed; IOPS might be a potential candidate for the treatment of cancers and type 2 diabetes. Besides, new perspectives for the future work of IOPS were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.X.); (N.L.); (J.L.)
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