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Singh T, Sharma D, Sharma R, Tuli HS, Haque S, Ramniwas S, Mathkor DM, Yadav V. The Role of Phytonutrient Kaempferol in the Prevention of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1711. [PMID: 38730663 PMCID: PMC11083332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, kaempferol, a natural flavonoid present in various fruits and vegetables, has received significant attention in gastrointestinal cancer research due to its varied therapeutic effects. Kaempferol has been proven to alter several molecular mechanisms and pathways, such as the PI3/Akt, mTOR, and Erk/MAPK pathway involved in cancer progression, showing its inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and migration. Kaempferol is processed in the liver and small intestine, but limited bioavailability has been a major concern in the clinical implications of kaempferol. Nano formulations have been proven to enhance kaempferol's efficacy in cancer prevention. The synergy of nanotechnology and kaempferol has shown promising results in in vitro studies, highlighting the importance for more in vivo research and clinical trials to determine safety and efficacy. This review aims to focus on the role of kaempferol in various types of gastrointestinal cancer and how the combination of kaempferol with nanotechnology helps in improving therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejveer Singh
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, Delhi University, New Delhi 110007, India; (D.S.); (R.S.)
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences-Defence Research and Development Organization, (INMAS-DRDO) New Delhi, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, Delhi University, New Delhi 110007, India; (D.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, Delhi University, New Delhi 110007, India; (D.S.); (R.S.)
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University, Gurugram 122412, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Bio-Sciences & Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India;
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (D.M.M.)
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 11022801, Lebanon
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research & Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India;
| | - Darin Mansor Mathkor
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-20213 Malmö, Sweden
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Shankar B, Singh T, Kumar B, Arora A, Kumar S, Singh BK. Solvent-free synthesis and in-silico molecular docking study of ( E)-3-(β- C-glycosylmethylidene)- N-aryl/alkyl succinimides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9398-9409. [PMID: 37982163 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01252b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Globally, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of mortality associated with cervical cancer, oral cancer (oropharyngeal), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is essential to explore anti-cancer drugs against life-threatening HPV infections. Aiming to search for potentially better anticancer agents, a small library of β-C-glycosylated methylidene succinimides have been synthesized under bulk and mechanical grinding conditions using the Wittig olefination reaction. Thus, the reaction of different 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-C-glycosyl aldehydes with N-aryl/alkyl maleimides in the presence of PPh3 at 25 °C under bulk and mechanical grinding conditions results in the formation of stereochemically defined (E)-3-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-C-glycosylmethylidene)-N-alkyl/phenyl succinimides, which upon debenzylation with 1 M BCl3 in DCM at -78 °C lead to the synthesis of (E)-3-(C-glycosylmethylidene)-N-alkyl/phenyl succinimides in good to excellent yields. The developed methodology is efficient and environmentally benign because there is no use of organic solvents, and the products are obtained in a stereochemically defined form and in high yields. The aqueous solubility of all synthesized β-C-glycosylated methylidene succinimides makes them potential candidates for the evaluation of their different biological activities. In the present work, the synthesized glycosylated alkylidine succinimides were subjected to an in-silico molecular docking study against the E6 oncoprotein of high-risk type HPV16, which is responsible for the inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 protein. Analysis of the molecular docking data revealed that the synthesized compounds are effective inhibitors of HPV infection, which is the cause of oral, head and neck, and cervical cancer. In comparison with the positive control 5-FU, an anti-cancer drug used in chemotherapy, more than fifteen compounds were found to be better E6 protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawani Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110019, India.
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Banty Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Rajdhani College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110015, India
| | - Aditi Arora
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Brajendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Kaushik M, Tiku AB. Molecular pathways modulated by phytochemicals in head and neck cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:469-483. [PMID: 36454443 PMCID: PMC10409696 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, natural dietary phytochemicals have shown immense potential in the suppression and incidence of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC). From various in-vitro, animal, and epidemiological studies it is now clear that intake of foods rich in dietary phytochemicals lower the risk of HNC. These phytochemicals have been reported to target different stages of Head and Neck cancer (initiation to promotion) by modulating many cellular signaling pathways. A single phytochemical may target different pathways simultaneously or a single pathway may be targeted by a diversity of phytochemicals. This review highlights the molecular pathways modulated by a large number of phytochemicals relevant to HNC with an intent to identify specific signaling pathways that could be therapeutically targeted. Therefore, relevant literature was screened and scrutinized for molecular details. We have focused on the complexity of the molecular mechanisms that are modulated by various phytochemicals and the role they can play in better clinical efficacy and management of head and neck cancer. In-depth knowledge of these molecular mechanisms can lead to innovative therapeutic strategies using phytochemicals alone or along with available treatments for various cancers including HNC. Molecular pathways modulated by Phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kaushik
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashu Bhan Tiku
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Liew YX, Karen-Ng LP, Vincent-Chong VK. A Comprehensive Review of Natural Products as Therapeutic or Chemopreventive Agents against Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Using Preclinical Models. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2359. [PMID: 37760799 PMCID: PMC10525836 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a type of cancer that arises from the epithelium lining of the oral cavity, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and larynx. Despite the advancement of current treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the overall survival rate of patients afflicted with HNSCC remains poor. The reasons for these poor outcomes are due to late diagnoses and patient-acquired resistance to treatment. Natural products have been extensively explored as a safer and more acceptable alternative therapy to the current treatments, with numerous studies displaying their potential against HNSCC. This review highlights preclinical studies in the past 5 years involving natural products against HNSCC and explores the signaling pathways altered by these products. This review also addresses challenges and future directions of natural products as chemotherapeutic and chemoprevention agents against HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Xuan Liew
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Lee Peng Karen-Ng
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Vui King Vincent-Chong
- Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Herdiana Y, Wathoni N, Shamsuddin S, Muchtaridi M. Cytotoxicity Enhancement in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells with Depolymerized Chitosan Delivery of α-Mangostin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153139. [PMID: 35956654 PMCID: PMC9371181 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of α-mangostin (AMG) in breast cancer research has wide intentions. Chitosan-based nanoparticles (CSNPs) have attractive prospects for developing anticancer drugs, especially in their high flexibility for modification to enhance their anticancer action. This research aimed to study the impact of depolymerized chitosan (CS) on the cytotoxicity enhancement of AMG in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. CSNPs effectivity depends on size, shape, crystallinity degree, and charge surface. Modifying CS molecular weight (MW) is expected to influence CSNPs’ characteristics, impacting size, shape, crystallinity degree, and charge surface. CSNPs are developed using the method of ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a crosslinker and spray pyrolysis procedure. Nanoparticles’ (NPs) sizes vary from 205.3 ± 81 nm to 450.9 ± 235 nm, ZP charges range from +10.56 mV to +51.56 mV, and entrapment efficiency from 85.35% to 90.45%. The morphology of NPs are all the same spherical forms. In vitro release studies confirmed that AMG–Chitosan–High Molecular Weight (AMG–CS–HMW) and AMG–Chitosan–Low Molecular Weight (AMG–CS–LMW) had a sustained-release system profile. MW has a great influence on surface, drug release, and cytotoxicity enhancement of AMG in CSNPs to MCF-7 cancer cells. The preparations AMG–CS–HMW and AMG–CS–LMW NPs considerably enhanced the cytotoxicity of MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 5.90 ± 0.08 µg/mL and 4.90 ± 0.16 µg/mL, respectively, as compared with the non-nano particle formulation with an IC50 of 8.47 ± 0.29 µg/mL. These findings suggest that CSNPs can enhance the physicochemical characteristics and cytotoxicity of AMG in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedi Herdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
- Nanobiotech Research Initiative, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration on Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (M.M.)
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Rah B, Rather RA, Bhat GR, Baba AB, Mushtaq I, Farooq M, Yousuf T, Dar SB, Parveen S, Hassan R, Mohammad F, Qassim I, Bhat A, Ali S, Zargar MH, Afroze D. JAK/STAT Signaling: Molecular Targets, Therapeutic Opportunities, and Limitations of Targeted Inhibitions in Solid Malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:821344. [PMID: 35401182 PMCID: PMC8987160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.821344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK/STAT signaling pathway is one of the important regulatory signaling cascades for the myriad of cellular processes initiated by various types of ligands such as growth factors, hormones, and cytokines. The physiological processes regulated by JAK/STAT signaling are immune regulation, cell proliferation, cell survival, apoptosis and hematopoiesis of myeloid and non-myeloid cells. Dysregulation of JAK/STAT signaling is reported in various immunological disorders, hematological and other solid malignancies through various oncogenic activation mutations in receptors, downstream mediators, and associated transcriptional factors such as STATs. STATs typically have a dual role when explored in the context of cancer. While several members of the STAT family are involved in malignancies, however, a few members which include STAT3 and STAT5 are linked to tumor initiation and progression. Other STAT members such as STAT1 and STAT2 are pivotal for antitumor defense and maintenance of an effective and long-term immune response through evolutionarily conserved programs. The effects of JAK/STAT signaling and the persistent activation of STATs in tumor cell survival; proliferation and invasion have made the JAK/STAT pathway an ideal target for drug development and cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the intricate JAK/STAT signaling in the pathogenesis of solid malignancies needs extensive research. A better understanding of the functionally redundant roles of JAKs and STATs may provide a rationale for improving existing cancer therapies which have deleterious effects on normal cells and to identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention in solid malignancies.
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