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Yousuf T, Dar SB, Bangri SA, Choh NA, Rasool Z, Shah A, Rather RA, Rah B, Bhat GR, Ali S, Afroze D. Diagnostic implication of a circulating serum-based three-microRNA signature in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:929787. [PMID: 36457743 PMCID: PMC9705795 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.929787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the diagnostic dilemma, the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains impoverished, contributing to the globally high mortality rate. Currently, HCC diagnosis depends on the combination of imaging modalities and the measurement of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Nevertheless, these conventional modalities exhibit poor performance in detecting HCC at early stages. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify novel circulating biomarkers to promote diagnostic accuracy and surveillance. Circulating miRNAs are emerging as promising diagnostic tools in screening various cancers, including HCC. However, because of heterogenous and, at times, contradictory reports, the universality of miRNAs in clinical settings remains elusive. Consequently, we proposed to explore the diagnostic potential of ten miRNAs selected on a candidate-based approach in HCC diagnosis. The expression of ten candidate miRNAs (Let-7a, miR-15a, miR-26a, miR-124, miR-126, miR-155, miR-219, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-340) was investigated in serum and tissue of 66 subjects, including 33 HCC patients and 33 healthy controls (HC), by rt-PCR. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the prospective serum miRNA panel. To anticipate the potential biological roles of a three-miRNA signature, the target genes were evaluated using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway. The serum and tissue expression of miRNAs (Let-7a, miR-26a, miR-124, miR-155, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-340) were differentially expressed in HCC patients (p < 0.05). The ROC analysis revealed promising diagnostic performance of Let-7a (AUC = 0.801), miR-221 (AUC = 0.786), and miR-2 (AUC = 0.758) in discriminating HCC from HC. Furthermore, in a logistic regression equation, we identified a three-miRNA panel (Let-7a, miR-221, and miR-222; AUC = 0.932) with improved diagnostic efficiency in differentiating HCC from HC. Remarkably, the combination of AFP and a three-miRNA panel offered a higher accuracy of HCC diagnosis (AUC = 0.961) than AFP alone. The functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that target genes may contribute to pathways associated with HCC and cell-cycle regulation, indicating possible crosstalk of miRNAs with HCC development. To conclude, the combined classifier of a three-miRNA panel and AFP could be indispensable circulating biomarkers for HCC diagnosis. Furthermore, targeting predicted genes may provide new therapeutic clues for the treatment of aggressive HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Yousuf
- Advance Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sadaf Bashir Dar
- Advance Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sadaf Ali Bangri
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Naseer A. Choh
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zubaida Rasool
- Department of Pathology, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Altaf Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rafiq Ahmed Rather
- Advance Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bilal Rah
- Advance Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gh Rasool Bhat
- Advance Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shazia Ali
- Advance Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Advance Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Ganai FM, Dar AM, Lone GN, Afroze D. Better cardioprotection in atrial septal defect patients treated with cardiopulmonary bypass beating heart technique without the application of aortic cross clamp. IMC Journal of Medical Science 2022. [DOI: 10.55010/imcjms.17.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Creatine phosphokinase-myocardial band fraction (CPK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) are cardiac specific biochemical markers which are raised in myocardial ischemia. The aim of this study was to determine cardiac injury by comparing the levels of cardiac enzymes CPK-MB and cTnI in atrial septal defect (ASD) patients whose operative repair was done under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using beating heart technique with and without the application of aortic cross clamp.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery in a Tertiary Care Hospital over a period of 2 years. A total of 60 atrial septal defect (ASD) patients were operated and repair of the defect was done under the CPB using beating heart technique. Aortic cross clamp was applied in 22 patients (Group-A) while 38 patients were operated without cross clamp (Group-B) during the procedure. Blood samples were collected 24 hours prior and 12 hours post procedure for the estimation of CPK MB and cTnI levels.
Results: Mean age of the atrial septal defect patients was 23.83±10.97 years and 60% and 40% of the patients were females and children (age < 18 years) respectively. Serum CPK-MB and cTnI l levels were in the normal range in all the patients before surgery and increased significantly post procedure. Twelve hours after surgery, the mean CPK-MB and cTnI levels were significantly low in Group-B patients compared to Group-A patients (CPK-MB: 56.39±23.55 U/L vs. 34.38±15.97U/L , p= 0.0004; cTnI: 9.37±4.97 ng/ml vs. 5.92±4.17ng/ml, p = 0.009).
Conclusion: Post surgery CPK-MB and cTnI levels were significantly higher in ASD patients who underwent CPB surgery with aortic cross clamp compared to those in whom aortic cross clamp was not applied. Therefore, application of aortic cross clamp during the procedure induces greater levels of ischemic injury to the heart.
IMC J Med Sci. 2023; 17(1): 001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.001
*Correspondence: Feroze Mohammad Ganai, Department of CVTS, Superspeciality Hospital, Shireen Bagh, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Email address: ferose999@yahoo.com
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroze Mohammad Ganai
- Department of CVTS, Super Speciality Hospital, Shireen Bagh, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul Majeed Dar
- Department of CVTS, SKIMS Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ghulam Nabi Lone
- Department of CVTS, SKIMS Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, SKIMS Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Nazeer NU, Bhat MA, Rah B, Bhat GR, Wani SI, Yousuf A, Dar AM, Afroze D. Mutational Assessment in NKX2-5 and ACTC1 Genes in Patients with Congenital Cardiac Septal Defect (CCSD) from Ethnic Kashmiri Population. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19169884. [PMID: 36011517 PMCID: PMC9408331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background globe. The etiology of CHDs is complex and involves both genetic and non-genetic factors. Although, significant progress has been made in deciphering the genetic components involved in CHDs, recent reports have revealed that mutations in Nk2 homeobox5 (NKX2-5) and actin alpha cardiac muscle1 (ACTC1) genes play a key role in CHDs such as atrial and ventricular septum defects. Therefore, the present study evaluates the role of key hotspot mutations in NKX2-5 and ACTC1 genes of congenital cardiac septal defect (CCSD) in ethnic Kashmiri population. (2) Methods: A total of 112 confirmed CHD patients were included in the current study, of which 30 patients were evaluated for mutational analysis for hotspot mutations of NKX2-5 and ACTC1 genes. The total genomic DNA was extracted from the samples (cardiac tissue/blood) and were subjected to amplification for NKX2-5 (exon 1 and 2), and ACTC1 (exon 2) genes by using PCR specific primers to analyze the hotspot mutations in respective exons. The amplified products obtained were sent to Macrogen Korea for sequencing by Sanger’s method. (3) Results: Our results confirmed that not a single mutation was found in either hotspot exon 1 and 2 of NKX2-5 and exon 2 of ACTC1 in the patients included in the current study. Interestingly, a novel synonymous nucleotide variation leading to G > C transversion (GCG > GCC) was found in exon 2 of NKX2-5 gene of CCSD patient. (4) Conclusions: The current findings demonstrated the role of NKX2-5 and ACTC1 in cardiac development. The study will provide an insight in understanding the genetic etiology and highlights the role of newly identified mutations in patients with CDS’s in ethnic Kashmiri population. In silico findings revealed amino acid changes, splice site variation and the creation of new site. Furthermore, the study warrants complete screening of genes involved in CCSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Ul Nazeer
- Department of CVTS, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Mohammad Akbar Bhat
- Department of CVTS, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
- Correspondence: (M.A.B.); (D.A.)
| | - Bilal Rah
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Gh Rasool Bhat
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Shadil Ibrahim Wani
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Adfar Yousuf
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Abdul Majeed Dar
- Department of CVTS, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, India
- Correspondence: (M.A.B.); (D.A.)
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Mushtaq I, Bhat GR, Rah B, Besina S, Zahoor S, Wani MA, Shah MA, Bashir S, Farooq M, Rather RA, Afroze D. Telomere Attrition With Concomitant hTERT Overexpression Involved in the Progression of Gastric Cancer May Have Prognostic and Clinical Implications in High-Risk Population Group From North India. Front Oncol 2022; 12:919351. [PMID: 35912187 PMCID: PMC9326504 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.919351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic instabilities exacerbated by the dysfunction of telomeres can lead to the development of cancer. Nearly 90% of all human malignancies are linked with telomere dysregulation and overexpression of telomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of telomeric DNA repeats at the ends of chromosomes. The burden of gastric cancer continues to inflict a deterring impact on the global health scenario, accounting for over one million new cases in 2020. The disease is asymptomatic in its early stages of progression, which is attributed to the poor prognosis and overall surge in mortality rate worldwide. Exploiting telomere physiology can provide extensive mechanistic insight into telomere-associated gastric cancer progression and its use as a target in a variety of therapeutic interventions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical implications of c-Myc, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression, and telomere length in patients with gastric cancer. A total of 57 gastric cancer cases and adjacent controls were included in the study. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression levels of c-Myc and hTERT. The relative telomere length was measured by MMQPCR using the Cawthon method. Our results indicated that the shorter telomere and increased hTERT expression were associated with gastric cancer progression. The study also highlighted the role of short telomeres and increased expression of hTERT in gastric cancer progression and its association with various etiological risk factors, transcriptional activators, and overall survival among the ethnic Kashmiri population of North India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifra Mushtaq
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Gh Rasool Bhat
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Bilal Rah
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Syed Besina
- Department of Pathology, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Sheikh Zahoor
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Muneer A. Wani
- Department of General Surgery, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Mubashir A. Shah
- Department of General Surgery, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Sadaf Bashir
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Muzamil Farooq
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Rafiq A. Rather
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
- *Correspondence: Dil Afroze,
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Bhat GR, Sethi I, Rah B, Kumar R, Afroze D. Innovative in Silico Approaches for Characterization of Genes and Proteins. Front Genet 2022; 13:865182. [PMID: 35664302 PMCID: PMC9159363 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.865182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioinformatics is an amalgamation of biology, mathematics and computer science. It is a science which gathers the information from biology in terms of molecules and applies the informatic techniques to the gathered information for understanding and organizing the data in a useful manner. With the help of bioinformatics, the experimental data generated is stored in several databases available online like nucleotide database, protein databases, GENBANK and others. The data stored in these databases is used as reference for experimental evaluation and validation. Till now several online tools have been developed to analyze the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomics, epigenomics and metabolomics data. Some of them include Human Splicing Finder (HSF), Exonic Splicing Enhancer Mutation taster, and others. A number of SNPs are observed in the non-coding, intronic regions and play a role in the regulation of genes, which may or may not directly impose an effect on the protein expression. Many mutations are thought to influence the splicing mechanism by affecting the existing splice sites or creating a new sites. To predict the effect of mutation (SNP) on splicing mechanism/signal, HSF was developed. Thus, the tool is helpful in predicting the effect of mutations on splicing signals and can provide data even for better understanding of the intronic mutations that can be further validated experimentally. Additionally, rapid advancement in proteomics have steered researchers to organize the study of protein structure, function, relationships, and dynamics in space and time. Thus the effective integration of all of these technological interventions will eventually lead to steering up of next-generation systems biology, which will provide valuable biological insights in the field of research, diagnostic, therapeutic and development of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gh. Rasool Bhat
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, India
| | - Itty Sethi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Bilal Rah
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, India
- *Correspondence: Dil Afroze,
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Rah B, Rather RA, Bhat GR, Baba AB, Mushtaq I, Farooq M, Yousuf T, Dar SB, Parveen S, Hassan R, Mohammad F, Qassim I, Bhat A, Ali S, Zargar MH, Afroze D. JAK/STAT Signaling: Molecular Targets, Therapeutic Opportunities, and Limitations of Targeted Inhibitions in Solid Malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:821344. [PMID: 35401182 PMCID: PMC8987160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.821344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK/STAT signaling pathway is one of the important regulatory signaling cascades for the myriad of cellular processes initiated by various types of ligands such as growth factors, hormones, and cytokines. The physiological processes regulated by JAK/STAT signaling are immune regulation, cell proliferation, cell survival, apoptosis and hematopoiesis of myeloid and non-myeloid cells. Dysregulation of JAK/STAT signaling is reported in various immunological disorders, hematological and other solid malignancies through various oncogenic activation mutations in receptors, downstream mediators, and associated transcriptional factors such as STATs. STATs typically have a dual role when explored in the context of cancer. While several members of the STAT family are involved in malignancies, however, a few members which include STAT3 and STAT5 are linked to tumor initiation and progression. Other STAT members such as STAT1 and STAT2 are pivotal for antitumor defense and maintenance of an effective and long-term immune response through evolutionarily conserved programs. The effects of JAK/STAT signaling and the persistent activation of STATs in tumor cell survival; proliferation and invasion have made the JAK/STAT pathway an ideal target for drug development and cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the intricate JAK/STAT signaling in the pathogenesis of solid malignancies needs extensive research. A better understanding of the functionally redundant roles of JAKs and STATs may provide a rationale for improving existing cancer therapies which have deleterious effects on normal cells and to identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention in solid malignancies.
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Baba AB, Rah B, Bhat GR, Mushtaq I, Parveen S, Hassan R, Hameed Zargar M, Afroze D. Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) Signaling in Cancer-A Betrayal Within. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:791272. [PMID: 35295334 PMCID: PMC8918694 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.791272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A ubiquitously expressed cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a significant role in various ongoing cellular mechanisms. The gain or loss-of-function of TGF-β and its downstream mediators could lead to a plethora of diseases includes tumorigenesis. Specifically, at the early onset of malignancy TGF-β act as tumour suppressor and plays a key role in clearing malignant cells by reducing the cellular proliferation and differentiation thus triggers the process of apoptosis. Subsequently, TGF-β at an advanced stage of malignancy promotes tumorigenesis by augmenting cellular transformation, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition invasion, and metastasis. Besides playing the dual roles, depending upon the stage of malignancy, TGF-β also regulates cell fate through immune and stroma components. This oscillatory role of TGF-β to fight against cancer or act as a traitor to collaborate and crosstalk with other tumorigenic signaling pathways and its betrayal within the cell depends upon the cellular context. Therefore, the current review highlights and understands the dual role of TGF-β under different cellular conditions and its crosstalk with other signaling pathways in modulating cell fate.
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Khan N, Zargar MH, Ahmed R, Godha M, Ahmad A, Afroze D, Masoodi SR. Effect of steroid hormone receptor gene variants PROGINS (Alu insertion) and PGR C/T (rs1042839) as a risk factor for recurrent pregnancy loss in Kashmiri population (North India). J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:4329-4339. [PMID: 34626148 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To unveil and evaluate the association and analyze the incidence and pattern of PGR gene polymorphisms (PROGINS insertion and PGR exon 5-C/T polymorphism) in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) couples of Kashmir. METHODS In this study, analyses of PGR gene polymorphisms in RPL couples were genotyped by amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS Molecular analysis of PGR gene polymorphisms indicated that the genotypic and allelic frequencies of PROGINS insertion and PGR exon 5 C/T polymorphisms of female group in cases and controls to be significantly different and poses risk in predisposition to RPL. Moreover, haplotype analysis in female group revealed that P1P2/CC and P1P2/CT genotype are significantly associated with RPL. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the PROGINS insertion and exon 5-C/T polymorphism can act as useful genetic markers in the female group, but needs to be replicated in further studies including various other single nucleotide polymorphisms of PGR gene relevant to pregnancy loss which may contribute to novel therapeutic targets with improved conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebela Khan
- Department of Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Mahrukh Hameed Zargar
- Department of Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Rehana Ahmed
- Department of Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Meena Godha
- Department of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | - Abida Ahmad
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Department of Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Shariq R Masoodi
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
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Rah B, Banday MA, Bhat GR, Shah OJ, Jeelani H, Kawoosa F, Yousuf T, Afroze D. Evaluation of biomarkers, genetic mutations, and epigenetic modifications in early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6093-6109. [PMID: 34629822 PMCID: PMC8476336 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i36.6093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest malignancies with an alarming mortality rate. Despite significant advancement in diagnostics and therapeutics, early diagnosis remains elusive causing poor prognosis, marred by mutations and epigenetic modifications in key genes which contribute to disease progression.
AIM To evaluate the various biological tumor markers collectively for early diagnosis which could act as prognostic biomarkers and helps in future therapeutics of PC in Kashmir valley.
METHODS A total of 50 confirmed PC cases were included in the study to evaluate the levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Mutational analysis was performed to evaluate the mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS), Breast cancer type 2 (BRCA-2), and deleted in pancreatic cancer-4 (DPC-4) genes. However, epigenetic modifications (methylation of CpG islands) were performed in the promoter regions of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16; CDKN2A), MutL homolog 1 (hMLH1), and Ras association domain-containing protein 1(RASSF1A) genes.
RESULTS We found significantly elevated levels of biological markers CA 19-9 (P ≤ 0.05), TPS (P ≤ 0.05), CEA (P ≤ 0.001), and VEGF (P ≤ 0.001). Molecular genetic analysis revealed that KRAS gene mutation is predominant in codon 12 (16 subjects, P ≤ 0.05), and 13 (12 subjects, P ≤ 0.05). However, we did not find a mutation in DPC-4 (1203G > T) and BRCA-2 (617delT) genes. Furthermore, epigenetic modification revealed that CpG methylation in 21 (P ≤ 0.05) and 4 subjects in the promoter regions of the p16 and hMLH1 gene, respectively.
CONCLUSION In conclusion, CA 19-9, TPS, CEA, and VEGF levels were significantly elevated and collectively have potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers in PC. Global data of mutation in the KRAS gene commonly in codon 12 and rare in codon 13 could augment the predisposition towards PC. Additionally, methylation of the p16 gene could also modulate transcription of genes thereby increasing the predisposition and susceptibility towards PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Rah
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Banday
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gh Rasool Bhat
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Omar J Shah
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Humira Jeelani
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Fizalah Kawoosa
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Science, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tahira Yousuf
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Amin I, Pandith AA, Manzoor U, Mir SH, Afroze D, Koul AM, Wani S, Ahmad A, Qasim I, Rashid M, Wani UM, Anwar I, Aein QU, Mansoor S. Implications of VEGF gene sequence variations and its expression in recurrent pregnancy loss. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:1035-1044. [PMID: 34716101 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What is the association between VEGF gene sequence variants and its mRNA expression in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)? Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a prominent role in pregnancy and affects pregnancy outcome. The association of VEGF gene 1154G>A, 634G>C and 583C>T polymorphic variations with cases of RPL and full-term fertile women as controls was investigated. DESIGN Two hundred women with RPL and 240 women healthy controls were included. The restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used for genotyping and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for analysis of mRNA expression. RESULTS In VEGF 1154G>A, significant differences were found in homozygous AA genotype between case and control participants. The variant allele A frequency was significantly more abundant in RPL cases (0.41) than controls (0.19) (P < 0.0001). Only RPL cases with the multi-generation family history of miscarriages and those without any history showed significant differences of combined genotype GA+AA (P < 0.0001). In VEGF 634 G>C, CC genotype and allele C showed significantly increased frequency in RPL cases compared with healthy controls (P < 0.0001). The association between VEGF-1154 G>A SNP and VEGF-A mRNA expression levels was significant in RPL cases (P = 0.004). The heterozygous genotype GA was significantly (P = 0.03) associated with upregulation and downregulation of VEGF mRNA, whereas the homozygous variant genotype AA only leads to low expression levels of VEGF mRNA in patients with RPL. CONCLUSIONS All the variants of VEGF play a vital role in an increased susceptibility to RPL. Also, VEGF-1154, AA genotypes are associated with its altered low mRNA expression in women with RPL and seem to affect pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Amin
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India
| | - Arshad A Pandith
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India.
| | - Usma Manzoor
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India
| | - Syed Hussain Mir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India.
| | - Aabid Mustafa Koul
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India
| | - Saima Wani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology SKIMS, Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aabida Ahmad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology SKIMS, Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iqbal Qasim
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India
| | - Masarat Rashid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology SKIMS, Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Umer M Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iqra Anwar
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India
| | - Qurat Ul Aein
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India
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Wani BA, Shehjar F, Shah S, Koul A, Yusuf A, Murtaza M, Singh R, Althobaiti F, Aldhahrani A, Afroze D. Association of IFN-gamma and IL-10 gene variants with the risk of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4210-4216. [PMID: 34354401 PMCID: PMC8324987 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a chronic infectious disease. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is an important cytokine imparting resistance to mycobacterial diseases. It is believed that IFN-γ and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) play divergent roles in the host immune system against MTB infection. IL-10 is an important inhibitory cytokine and helps balancing the inflammatory and immune responses. IL-10 is involved in down regulation of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II antigen and co-stimulatory molecular expression on macrophages, while IFN-γ results in macrophage activation allowing them to exert the microbicidal role. The objectives were to find out the association of IL-10 (-1082 A/G) and IFN-γ (+874 A/T) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in ethnic Kashmiri population. A total of 100 extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases and 102 healthy controls were analyzed for IL-10 (-1082 A/G) and IFN- γ (+874 A/T) SNPs using Allele-Specific PCR. We found a significant association of IFN-γ + 874 'TT' genotype with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (p = 0.006) and in case of IL-10 (-1082 A/G) we found a significant association with extrapulmonary tuberculosis under recessive model (GG vs GA + AA) (p = 0.03) in Kashmiri population. IL-10 (-1082 A/G) and IFN-γ (+874 A/T) have a significant association with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in ethnic Kashmiri population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad Wani
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
- Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, U.P, India
| | - Faheem Shehjar
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Sonaullah Shah
- Department of Internal & Pulmonary Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Ajaz Koul
- Department of Internal & Pulmonary Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Adfar Yusuf
- Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Masqooba Murtaza
- Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Rajni Singh
- Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, U.P, India
| | - Fayez Althobaiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Clege of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Aldhahrani
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dil Afroze
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
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Wani BA, Shehjar F, Shah S, Koul A, Yusuf A, Farooq M, Mir MI, Singh R, Afroze D. Role of genetic variants of Vitamin D receptor, Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104911. [PMID: 33991642 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene abnormalities confer susceptibility to tuberculosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), such as TLR-2, are also important mediators of inflammatory response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We evaluated VDR, TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene polymorphisms in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). OBJECTIVES To find out a possible association of Vitamin D receptor (VDR) (rs731236), TLR-2 (196-174 Ins > Del) and TLR-4 (Thr399Ile) gene polymorphisms with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in ethnic Kashmiri population. METHODS A total of 100 extrapulmunary tuberculosis cases and 102 healthy controls were analyzed for Vitamin D receptor (VDR) (rs731236), TLR-2 (196-174 ins > del) and TLR-4 (Thr399Ile) gene polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP and Allele-Specific PCR methods. RESULTS We found increased frequency of TLR-4 Thr/Ile heterozygous genotype in cases as compared with healthy controls (22% vs 5.8%). Thus acting as a risk factor for extrapulmonary tuberculosis, as was elucidated from statistical analysis [OR, 4.5; 95% CI (1.74-11.68); P < 0.001]. In case of TLR-2 (196-174 ins > del) we observed significant differences in the homozygous variant (Del/Del) genotype of cases and controls (28% in cases & 2.94% in controls). Thus, TLR-2 (Del/Del) genotype acts as a strong risk factor for extrapulmonary tuberculosis predisposition [OR, 12.2; 95% CI (3.5-42.69); P < 0.001]. We did not find any significant differences in the genotypic distribution of (VDR) (rs731236) T > C SNP between cases and controls (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION TLR-4 (Thr/Ile) and TLR-2 (Del/Del) act as significant risk factors for extrapulmonary tuberculosis predisposition in ethnic Kashmiri population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad Wani
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India; Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Faheem Shehjar
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Sonaullah Shah
- Department of Internal & Pulmonary Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Ajaz Koul
- Department of Internal & Pulmonary Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Adfar Yusuf
- Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Muzamil Farooq
- Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Mohmad Iqbal Mir
- Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Rajni Singh
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Dil Afroze
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India.
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Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Makki Almansour N, Aldakheel FM, Rather RA, Afroze D, Rah B. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in prostate cancer: its implications in diagnostics and therapeutics. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:3868-3889. [PMID: 34017579 PMCID: PMC8129253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in developed countries and approximately 248,530 new cases of prostate cancer are likely to be diagnosed in the United States in 2021. During the late 1990s and 2000s, the prostate cancer-related death rate has decreased by 4% per year on average because of advancements in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. However, the non-specificity of PSA to distinguish between benign and malignant forms of cancer is a major concern in the management of prostate cancer. Despite other risk factors in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, recent advancement in molecular genetics suggests that genetic heredity plays a crucial role in prostate carcinogenesis. Approximately, 60% of heritability and more than 100 well-recognized single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to be associated with prostate cancer and constitute a major risk factor in the development of prostate cancer. Recent findings revealed that a low to moderate effect on the progression of prostate cancer of individual SNPs was observed compared to a strong progressive effect when SNPs were in combination. Here, in this review, we made an attempt to critically analyze the role of SNPs and associated genes in the development of prostate cancer and their implications in diagnostics and therapeutics. A better understanding of the role of SNPs in prostate cancer susceptibility may improve risk prediction, enhance fine-mapping, and furnish new insights into the underlying pathophysiology of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim UniversityBuraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim UniversityBuraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim UniversityBuraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahlah Makki Almansour
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al BatinHafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Sattam Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health Research, College of Medicine, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafiq Ahmad Rather
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical ScienceSrinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical ScienceSrinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bilal Rah
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim UniversityBuraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Jan I, Rather RA, Mushtaq I, Malik AA, Besina S, Baba AB, Farooq M, Yousuf T, Rah B, Afroze D. Helicobacter pylori Subdues Cytokine Signaling to Alter Mucosal Inflammation via Hypermethylation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Gene During Gastric Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:604747. [PMID: 33569347 PMCID: PMC7868987 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.604747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with the onset of gastric mucosal inflammation and is known to perturb the balance between T-regulatory (Treg) and T-helper 17 (Th17) cells which causes a spurt of interleukin 17 (IL17) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) from Th17 and Treg cells within the gastric milieu. IL17 instigates a surge of interleukin 6 (IL6) from T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) cells. Further, H. pylori infection is known to stimulate the atypical DNA methylation in gastric mucosa. However, the precise role of cytokine signaling in induction of epigenetic modifications during gastric carcinogenesis is vaguely understood. In this study, patient samples from were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), PCR, methylation-specific (MS)-PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We found that H. pylori infection augments the production of interleukin 10 (IL10), IL6, and TGF-β in the gastric milieu and systemic circulation. Together with the IL6/IL10 mediated hyperactivation of the JAK/STAT pathway, H. pylori infection causes the inactivation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) gene through the hypermethylation of the promoter region. This study signifies that H. pylori-mediated epigenetic silencing of SOCS1 in concert with inflammatory cytokines miffs hyperactivation of the JAK/STAT cascade during gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Jan
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Rafiq A Rather
- Department of Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Ifra Mushtaq
- Department of Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Ajaz A Malik
- Department of General and Minimal Invasive Surgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Syed Besina
- Department of Pathology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Abdul Basit Baba
- Department of Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Muzamil Farooq
- Department of Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Tahira Yousuf
- Department of Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Bilal Rah
- Department of Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.,Department of Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
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Bondhopadhyay B, Sisodiya S, Chikara A, Khan A, Tanwar P, Afroze D, Singh N, Agrawal U, Mehrotra R, Hussain S. Cancer immunotherapy: a promising dawn in cancer research. Am J Blood Res 2020; 10:375-385. [PMID: 33489447 PMCID: PMC7811907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a highly proliferative disease, which is caused due to the loss of regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis, DNA damage, faulty repair system etc. The cancer microenvironment plays a pivotal role in disease progression as they contain different types of innate and adaptive immune cells. The most important molecules that establish a correlation between inflammation, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and cancer are the molecules released by inflammatory cells in cancer microenvironment. These molecules secreted by the immune cells, which might activate a pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic response in cancer. In inflammatory microenvironment, the equilibrium state of immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory signals are important in tumor suppression. The immunotherapeutic approaches could be more effective in cancer treatment. However, advancement in immunobiology and cancer are improving the prospects of immunotherapy alone and/or in combination with the conventional therapies. Thus, the review attempts to highlight a promising and futuristic immunotherapeutic approach in combination with conventional treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banashree Bondhopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR)Noida, India
| | - Sandeep Sisodiya
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR)Noida, India
| | - Atul Chikara
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR)Noida, India
| | - Asiya Khan
- All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS)New Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS)New Delhi, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Soura (SKIMS)Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umea UniversitySweden
| | | | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR)Noida, India
| | - Showket Hussain
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR)Noida, India
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Pandith AA, Wani ZA, Qasim I, Afroze D, Manzoor U, Amin I, Baba SM, Koul A, Anwar I, Mohammad F, Bhat AR, Shah P. Association of strong risk of hTERT gene polymorphic variants to malignant glioma and its prognostic implications with respect to different histological types and survival of glioma cases. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3260. [PMID: 32783258 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline genetic variants of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) are known to predispose for various malignancies, including glioma. The present study investigated genetic variation of hTERT T/G (rs2736100) and hTERT G/A (rs2736098) with respect to glioma risk. METHODS Confirmed cases (n = 106) were tested against 210 cancer-free healthy controls by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique for genotyping. RESULTS Homozygous variant 'GG' genotype of rs2736100 frequency was > 4-fold significantly different in cases versus controls (39.6% 17.2%; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, variant 'G' allele was found to be significantly associated with cases (0.5 versus 0.2 in controls; p < 0.0001). Homozygous variant rs2736098 'AA' genotype (35.8% versus 23.8%) and allele 'A' (0.49 versus 0.34) showed a marked significant difference in cases and controls, respectively (p < 0.05). In hTERT rs2736100, the GG genotype significantly presented more in higher grades and GBM (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the GG variant of hTERT rs2736100 had a poor probability with respect to the overall survival of patients compared to TG and TT genotypes (log rank p = 0.03). Interestingly, two haplotypes of hTERT rs2736100/rs2736098 were identified as GG and GA that conferred a > 3- and 5-fold risk to glioma patients respectively, where variant G/A haplotype was observed to have the highest impact with respect to glioma risk (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that hTERT rs2736098 and rs2736100 variants play an important role in conferring a strong risk of developing glioma. Furthermore, hTERT rs2736100 GG variant appears to play a role in the bad prognosis of glioma patients. Haplotypes GG and GA could prove to be vital tools for monitoring risk in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad A Pandith
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahoor A Wani
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iqbal Qasim
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Usma Manzoor
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ina Amin
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shahid M Baba
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aabid Koul
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iqra Anwar
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Fozia Mohammad
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul R Bhat
- Department of Neurosurgery, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Parveen Shah
- Department of Pathology, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue in the human body that undergoes extensive adaptation in response to environmental cues, such as physical activity, metabolic perturbation, and disease conditions. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in protein folding and calcium homeostasis in many mammalian cell types, including skeletal muscle. However, overload of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER lumen cause stress, which results in the activation of a signaling network called the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is initiated by three ER transmembrane sensors: protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, inositol-requiring protein 1α, and activating transcription factor 6. The UPR restores ER homeostasis through modulating the rate of protein synthesis and augmenting the gene expression of many ER chaperones and regulatory proteins. However, chronic heightened ER stress can also lead to many pathological consequences including cell death. Accumulating evidence suggests that ER stress-induced UPR pathways play pivotal roles in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and metabolic function in multiple conditions. They have also been found to be activated in skeletal muscle under catabolic states, degenerative muscle disorders, and various types of myopathies. In this article, we have discussed the recent advancements toward understanding the role and mechanisms through which ER stress and individual arms of the UPR regulate skeletal muscle physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dil Afroze
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, INDIA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the most common yet neglected public health problems in both the developed and developing countries. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multiplex of risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and it reflects the clustering of multiple risk factors resulting from obesity and insulin resistance. Despite its predominance in obese individuals, MS does occur in non-obese individuals. Many individuals characterised as normal weight as per their body mass index (BMI), have increased visceral adiposity thereby leading to an unfavourable inflammatory cytokine profile. There are limited studies from India with respect to inflammatory cytokines in obesity and MS in general and non-obese patients with MS in particular. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with MS with or without obesity. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight and waist girth were measured and BMI was calculated. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and adiponectin were measured by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS A significant proportion of individuals categorised as normal weight had an increased waist circumference which correlated with BMI, acanthosis nigricans (AN) and fatty liver. There was no statistically significant difference in the cytokine levels in obese and non-obese patients with MS; similarly among non-obese patients with MS, cytokine levels were comparable in patients with or without abdominal obesity. However, triglycerides inversely correlated with adiponectin levels and there was no significant correlation between the cytokines and other parameters of MS. CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in various metabolic and inflammatory parameters between obese and non-obese patients with MS. Even in non-obese group, there were no differences in metabolic and inflammatory markers between individuals with or without abdominal obesity. This finding indicates that apart from adipose tissue, other factors are also responsible for the development of MS and its associated proinflammatory profile. There could be a significant contribution of genetic and epigenetic factors which needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ashraf
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Laway
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arshad Iqbal Wani
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Shehjar F, Afroze D, Misgar RA, Malik SA, Laway BA. Association of FoxP3 promoter polymorphisms with the risk of Graves' disease in ethnic Kashmiri population. Gene 2018; 672:88-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Rasool I, Afroze D, Wani KA, Yousuf A, Bhat IA, Rah B, Nazir SU, Hussain S, Dubey S. Role of the Functional Polymorphism of Survivin Gene (-31G/C) and Risk of Breast Cancer in a North Indian Population. Clin Breast Cancer 2018; 18:e671-e676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Guroo SA, Malik AA, Afroze D, Ali S, Pandith AA, Yusuf A. Significant Pattern of Promoter Hypermethylation of UNC5C Gene in Colorectal Cancer and Its Implication in Late Stage
Disease. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1185-1188. [PMID: 29801399 PMCID: PMC6031814 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.5.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:The development of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a complex multistep process involving an accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation in selected gene are recognized as common molecular alterations in human tumors. Netrin-1 receptors are aberrantly methylated in primary colorectal cancer. Epigenetic alterations in the netrin-1 receptors have been found to be related with the malignant potential of CRC. Purpose: In the present study, we evaluated the role of promoter hypermethylation of UNC5C gene (one of the netrin-1 receptors) in colorectal cancer patients of Kashmiri population (North India). Hypermethylation in tumour tissue was detected by Methylation- Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MS-PCR). Results: UNC5C promoter hypermethylation was significantly found to be associated with colorectal cancer cases where frequency was 62% (31 of 50) and 38% (19 of 50) patients were unmethylated (p<0.0001).UNC5C methylation was significantly higher in CRCs with a frequency of 62% than 10% in corresponding normal mucosa of (p<0.0001). Further, UNC5C hypermethylation was found to be significantly associated with stage-III/IV as compared to stage I/II with a frequency of 75.8% and 42.8% respectively(p>0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that UNC5C hypermethylation is implicated in CRC which plays a role in its tumorigenesis and may predict the late stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj A Guroo
- Department of General And Minimal Invasive Surgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) Srinagar, Kashmir, India. Emai:
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Gupta A, Beig JR, Tramboo NA, Afroze D, Hafeez I, Rather HA. The effect of percutaneous coronary revascularization on plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels in stable coronary artery disease. Indian Heart J 2018; 70:282-288. [PMID: 29716708 PMCID: PMC5993980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to assess the effect of percutaneous coronary revascularization (PCR) on plasma NT-proBNP concentration in patients with chronic stable angina (CSA). Methods This prospective open label interventional study included 22 patients with moderate to severe CSA, normal left ventricular (LV) systolic functions and critical (>90%) proximal stenosis in one of the three major epicardial coronary arteries. After stabilization of medications for 8 weeks, resting supine plasma NT-proBNP levels were measured and patients underwent PCR of the involved vessels. Eight weeks later, with medications unaltered; plasma NT-proBNP levels were repeated and compared with the baseline levels. LV systolic and diastolic functions were assessed before and after PCR. Results The mean age of the patients was 61.27 ± 8.87 years. Out of 22 patients, 20 were male and 2 were female. PCR was performed on left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in 12 patients and in a non-LAD vessel in 10 patients. After 8 weeks of successful PCR, there was a significant overall reduction in mean plasma NT-proBNP levels (from 244.36 ± 218.99 to 168.68 ± 161.61 pg/mL, p = 0.016). The patients who underwent PCR of LAD demonstrated significantly reduced NT-pro-BNP levels after PCR (p = 0.009). In the non-LAD group, NT-proBNP levels also decreased, albeit insignificantly (p = 0.432). Reduction in NT-proBNP was independent of change in LV systolic functions. Conclusion Successful PCR, by relieving myocardial ischemia, significantly reduced plasma NT-proBNP levels in majority of the patients with chronic stable angina secondary to critical epicardial coronary artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, SKIMS, Srinagar, India.
| | | | | | - Dil Afroze
- Department of Immunology, SKIMS, Srinagar, India.
| | - Imran Hafeez
- Department of Cardiology, SKIMS, Srinagar, India.
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Shehjar F, Afroze D, Misgar RA, Malik SA, Laway BA. Association of polymorphic variants of IL-1β and IL-1RN genes in the development of Graves' disease in Kashmiri population (North India). Hum Immunol 2018; 79:228-232. [PMID: 29454070 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Graves' disease (GD) is a multigenic, organ specific autoimmune disorder with a strong genetic predisposition and IL-1β has been shown to be involved in its pathogenesis. The present study was aimed to determine the genetic associations between polymorphisms of IL-1β gene promoter region (-511 T>C) (rs16944), exon 5 (+3954 C>T) (rs1143634) and IL-1RN gene VNTR (rs2234663) polymorphism in patients with GD in ethnic Kashmiri population. METHODS A total of 135 Graves' disease patients and 150 healthy individuals were included in the study. PCR and PCR-based restriction analysis methods were done for IL-1RNVNTR and IL-1β gene polymorphisms respectively. RESULTS We found statistically significant increased frequencies of the C/C + CT genotype (P = 0.001; odds ratio (OR) = 5.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.02-8.42) and the C allele (P = 0.001; OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 2.14-4.50) in IL-1β gene promoter polymorphism (rs16944) with GD patients compared to normal controls. Also in the exon 5 (rs1143634), a significant increase in frequency of the C/C homozygous genotype (P = 0.001; OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.11-0.30) and C allele (P = 0.001; OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.20-0.48) was observed in GD cases as against controls. For IL-1RNVNTR (rs2234663), we didn't observe any significant difference in the allelic and genotypic frequencies between cases and controls. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that both promoter and exon polymorphisms of IL-1β gene have a significant role in the risk of developing GD, whereas IL-1RNVNTR has no association with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Shehjar
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Raiz A Misgar
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sajad A Malik
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Bashir A Laway
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
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Naikoo NA, Afroze D, Rasool R, Shah S, Ahangar AG, Bhat IA, Qasim I, Siddiqi MA, Shah ZA. SNP and Haplotype Analysis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Gene in Lung Cancer Patients of Kashmir. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1799-1804. [PMID: 28749108 PMCID: PMC5648382 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.7.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major mediator of angiogenesis involving tumor growth and metastasis. In this large case-control study, we investigated whether functional polymorphisms (+405C>G, +936C>T) in the VEGF gene are associated with the risk of lung cancer. The study investigates the association between variants of VEGF gene and lung cancer. We performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), haplotype and linkage disequilibrium studies on 100 patients and 128 healthy controls with 2 SNPs in the VEGF gene. The results were analyzed using logistic regression models, adjusted for age and sex. No Significant association was detected between individual SNPs and lung cancer using all the models of inheritance (codominant, dominant, recessive, over dominant and additive) for finding an association between genotypes and the cancer risk. The P values obtained for two markers were non-significant (P>0.05). Haplotype analysis produced additional support for the non-association of individual haplotypes/all haplotypes with the cancer risk (Global association P=0.56). Our findings suggest the non-involvement of genetic variants (+405C>G, +936C>T) of the VEGF gene in the etiology of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz A Naikoo
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura Srinagar, Kashmir, India. ,
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Hindi L, McMillan JD, Afroze D, Hindi SM, Kumar A. Isolation, Culturing, and Differentiation of Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult Mice. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2248. [PMID: 28730161 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myogenesis is a multi-step process that leads to the formation of skeletal muscle during embryonic development and repair of injured myofibers. In this process, myoblasts are the main effector cell type which fuse with each other or to injured myofibers leading to the formation of new myofibers or regeneration of skeletal muscle in adults. Many steps of myogenesis can be recapitulated through in vitro differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes. Most laboratories use immortalized myogenic cells lines that also differentiate into myotubes. Although these cell lines have been found quite useful to delineating the regulatory mechanisms of myogenesis, they often show a great degree of variability depending on the origin of the cells and culture conditions. Primary myoblasts have been suggested as the most physiologically relevant model for studying myogenesis in vitro. However, due to their low abundance in adult skeletal muscle, isolation of primary myoblasts is technically challenging. In this article, we describe an improved protocol for the isolation of primary myoblasts from adult skeletal muscle of mice. We also describe methods for their culturing and differentiation into myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Hindi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, USA
| | - Joseph D McMillan
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, USA
| | - Dil Afroze
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, USA
| | - Sajedah M Hindi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, USA.,Professor and Distinguished University Scholar, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, USA
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Baba SM, Azad NA, Shah ZA, Afroze D, Pandith AA, Jan A, Aziz SA, Dar FA. PHA-Induced Peripheral Blood Cytogenetics and Molecular Analysis: a Valid Diagnostic and Follow-up Modality for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Patients Treated with ATRA and/or Arsenic Tri-oxide. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:1999-2006. [PMID: 27221887 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) is characterized by the reciprocal translocation t(15;17) (q22;q12) resulting in the PML-RARα fusion gene. A dual diagnostic and follow up approach was applied including cytogenetic demonstration of the t(15;17) translocation and detection of PML-RARα chimeric transcripts by molecular means. PURPOSE Conventional cytogenetics involving bone marrow is beset with high probability of poor metaphase index and was substituted with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced peripheral blood culture based cytogenetic analysis as a diagnostic and follow up modality in APML patients of Kashmir (North India). Both qualitative (RT-PCR) and quantitative (Q-PCR) tests were simultaneously carried out to authenticate the modified cytogenetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient samples were subjected to the said techniques to establish their baseline as well as follow-up status. RESULTS Initial cytogenetics revealed 30 patients (81%) positive for t(15;17) whereas 7 (19%) had either cryptic translocation or were negative for t(15;17). Two cases had chromosome 16q deletion and no hallmark translocation t(15;17). Q-PCR status for PML-RARα was found to be positive for all patients. All the APML patients were reassessed at the end of consolidation phase and during maintenance phase of chemotherapy where 6 patients had molecular relapse, wherein 4 also demonstrated cytogenetic relapse. CONCLUSIONS It was found that PHA-induced peripheral blood cytogenetics along with molecular analysis could prove a reliable modality in the diagnosis and assessment of follow up response of APML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid M Baba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Srinagar, J and K, India E-mail : ,
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Rashid H, Alam K, Afroze D, Yousuf A, Banday M, Kawoosa F. Hypermethylation Status of E-Cadherin Gene in Gastric Cancer Patients in a High Incidence Area. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:2757-2760. [PMID: 27356686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most prevalant cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. As in other cancers gastric carcinogenesis is multifactorial involving environmental, genetic and epigenetic components. Epigenetic silencing due to hypermethylation of tumour suppressor genes is one of the key events in gastric carcinogenesis. This study was aimed to analyse the hypermethylation status of the E-Cadherin (CDH1) gene promoter in GCs in the ethnic Kashmiri population. In this study a total of 80 GC patients were recruited. Hypermethylation in tumour tissue was detected by methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR). Hypermethylation of CDH1 promoter was observed in 52 (65%) of gastric carcinoma cases which was significantly much higher than adjacent normal tissue [p≤0.0001]. Further the frequency of CDH1 promoter methylation was significantly different with intestinal and diffuse types of gastric cancer [55.7% vs 82.1%; <0.05]. Moreover females and cases with lymph node invasion had higher frequencies of CDH1 hypermethylation [P≤0.05]. Thus the current data indicate a vital role of epigenetic alteration of CDH1 in the causation and development of gastric cancer, particularly of diffuse type, in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Rashid
- Department of General and minimal invasive surgery, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India E-mail :
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Perveez M, Ajaz M, Afroze D. Promoter hypermethylation of KLOTHO; an anti-senescence related gene in colorectal cancer patients of Kashmir valley. Mol Biol Res Commun 2015; 4:217-224. [PMID: 27844013 PMCID: PMC5019213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hypermethylation of CpG islands located in the promoter regions of genes is a major event in the development of the majority of cancer types, due to the subsequent aberrant silencing of important tumor suppressor genes. KLOTHO; a novel gene associated primarily with suppressing senescence has been shown to contribute to tumorigenesis as a result of its impaired function. Recently the relevance of KLOTHO promoter hypermethylation in colorectal carcinoma in humans has been reported. We analyzed the promoter hypermethylation of KLOTHO gene in 50 histopathologically confirmed tumor and adjacent normal tissues of colorectal cancer patients. Methylation was assessed by bisulfite conversion of DNA followed by methylation specific-polymerase chain reaction. Methylation status was compared with gender, smoking status and histopathological parameters of patients. Promoter hypermethylation in KLOTHO gene was detected in 86% (43/50) of tumor tissues and 14% (7/50) of adjacent normal tissues. The methylation pattern differed significantly between tumor and adjacent normal tissues (P<0.0001). However, no association was found between promoter hypermethylation status and gender (P=0.68), smoking status (P=0.64) or other histopathological parameters (P>0.05) of colorectal cancer patients. We conclude that this novel tumor suppressor gene is epigenetically inactivated in colorectal cancer in our population paving way towards the potential of KLOTHO promoter hypermethylation as a predictor of the prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Perveez
- Department of General and Minimal Access Surgery, SKIMS Srinagar, India
| | - Malik Ajaz
- Department of General and Minimal Access Surgery, SKIMS Srinagar, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ajaz A Malik (MS, FAIS, FICS, FMAS, FACS), Professor, Department of General and Minimal Access Surgery, SKIMS Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, 190011, Tel: +91-194-2401013, Fax: +91-194-2403470, E. mail:
| | - Dil Afroze
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, SKIMS Srinagar, India
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Afroze D, Yousuf A, Tramboo NA, Shah ZA, Ahmad A. ApoE gene polymorphism and its relationship with coronary artery disease in ethnic Kashmiri population. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:551-556. [PMID: 26409839 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E is a fundamental component of various lipoproteins and plays substantial role in cholesterol/lipid transport among cells of various tissues. The ApoE gene is polymorphic with three alleles ε2, ε3, and ε4, coding for isoforms E2, E3, and E4 having different binding inclination for corresponding receptors. This work aimed to investigate the association between ApoE gene polymorphism and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Kashmiri population. APOE genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our study indicated ApoE ε3/ε3 to be the most common genotype in both CAD and control group. The frequency of ε2, ε3, and ε4 alleles of ApoE gene in cases was observed to be 0.06, 0.72, and 0.20, while in control subjects it was 0.075, 0.82, and 0.11, respectively. A significant difference was found between cases and controls with respect to TC, LDL, and HDL levels. Our data showed that frequency of ε4/ε4, ε4/ε3 genotype and ε4 allele was significantly higher in cases than in controls (p = 0.02, p = 0.004, p < 0.001 respectively). Moreover, the CAD patients carrying ε4 allele had significantly higher TC and LDL levels (p value <0.01). Thus our data showed a significant association of ApoE ε4 allele with the risk of CAD. The data revealed that ApoE ε4 allele is associated with increased risk of CAD and increased levels LDL and TC in Kashmiri population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dil Afroze
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Adfar Yousuf
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nisar A Tramboo
- Department of Cardiology, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zaffar A Shah
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asrar Ahmad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
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Hameed I, Masoodi SR, Afroze D, Bhat RA, Naykoo NA, Mir SA, Mubarik I, Ganai BA. CTTTA Deletion/Insertion polymorphism in 3'-UTR of LEPR gene in type 2 diabetes subjects belonging to Kashmiri population. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:124. [PMID: 25580385 PMCID: PMC4288559 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-014-0124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multi-factorial disease in which both genetic and non-genetic factors interact in order to precipitate the diabetic phenotype. Among various predisposing genetic loci, a pentanucleotide (CTTTA) Del/Ins variant in the 3'-UTR of the LEPR gene is associated with type 2 diabetes and its related traits. This study was done to explicate for the first time the association of this Del/Ins polymorphism of LEPR gene in type 2 diabetes patients belonging to the ethnic population of Kashmir valley. Methods 670 unrelated subjects comprising of 320 type 2 diabetes patients and 350 healthy controls were included in the study. Genotyping of the untranslated region of LEPR gene encompassing this Del/Ins variant was done by PCR-RFLP technique and results were validated by direct sequencing. Results Genotype frequencies for both type 2 diabetes cases and healthy controls were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2 = 3.09 and 2.37, P = NS). The Del/Del genotype was predominantly found in cases than controls (P = 0.003, OR: 0.62, CI: 0.45-0.85). Carriers of Ins/Ins genotype were relatively protected against the risk factors (P = 0.0004, OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15-0.61). A positive association was observed between the Del allele and the risk factors of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion The results elucidate that the CTTTA Del allele is a genotypic risk factor of type 2 diabetes in the Kashmiri population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Hameed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Shariq R Masoodi
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir India
| | - Riyaz A Bhat
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir India
| | - Niyaz A Naykoo
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir India
| | - Shahnaz A Mir
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir India
| | - Idrees Mubarik
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir India
| | - Bashir A Ganai
- Centre for Research and Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Afroze D, Yousuf A, Ali R, Kawoosa F, Akhtar T, Reshi S, Shah ZA. Serum Leptin Levels, Leptin Receptor Gene (LEPR) Polymorphism, and the Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Kashmiri Population. Immunol Invest 2014; 44:113-25. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.909457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Qadri Q, Afroze D, Rasool R, Gulzar G, Naqash S, Siddiqi MA, Shah ZA. CagA subtyping in Helicobacter pylori isolates from gastric cancer patients in an ethnic Kashmiri population. Microb Pathog 2014; 66:40-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Qadri Q, Rasool R, Afroze D, Naqash S, Gulzar GM, Yousuf A, Siddiqi MA, Shah ZA. Study of TLR4 and IL-8 Gene Polymorphisms inH.pylori-Induced Inflammation in Gastric Cancer in an Ethnic Kashmiri Population. Immunol Invest 2013; 43:324-36. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.854378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Hameed I, Masoodi SR, Afroze D, Naykoo NA, Bhat RA, Ganai BA. Trp Homozygotes at Codon 64 of ADRB3 Gene Are Protected Against the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Kashmiri Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:775-9. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Hameed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Shariq R. Masoodi
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar Kashmir, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar Kashmir, India
| | - Niyaz A. Naykoo
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar Kashmir, India
| | - Riyaz A. Bhat
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar Kashmir, India
| | - Bashir A. Ganai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Wani M, Afroze D, Makhdoomi M, Hamid I, Wani B, Bhat G, Wani R, Wani K. Promoter methylation status of DNA repair gene (hMLH1) in gastric carcinoma patients of the Kashmir valley. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:4177-81. [PMID: 23098428 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.8.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-factorial disease and variation in genetic susceptibility, due to inherited differences in the capacity to repair mismatches in the genome, is an important factor in the development of gastric cancer (GC), for example. Epigenetic changes, including aberrant methylation of 5/CpG islands in the promoter regions of mismatch repair (MMR) genes like hMLH1, have been implicated in the development of various types of GC. In the present study we evaluated the role of hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation in Kashmiri GC patients and controls, and assessed correlations with various dietary and lifestyle factors. The study included 70 GC patients (56 males and 14 females; age (mean ± S.D) 50 ± 11.4 years). Distinction between methylated and unmethylated was achieved with MS-PCR and DNA band patterns. The Chi-square test was applied to assess the risk due to promoter hypermethylation. We found a strikingly high frequency of promoter hypermethylation in GC cases than in normal samples (72.9% (51/70) in GC cases vs 20% (14/70) in normal samples (p=0.0001). We also observed a statistically significant association between methylated hMLH1 gene promoter and smoking, consumption of sundried vegetables and hot salted tea with the risk of GC. This study revealed that hMLH1 hypermethylation is strongly associated with GC and suggested roles for epigenetic changes in stomach cancer causation in the Kashmir valley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Wani
- Department of General Surgery, Sher I Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
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Naykoo NA, Hameed I, Aasif M, Shaffi S, Yousuf Q, Bhat IA, Andrabi IA, Qasim I, Mir JI, Rasool R, Afroze D, Shah S, Shah ZA. WITHDRAWN: Single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotype association and tumour expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene with lung carcinoma. Gene 2013:S0378-1119(13)00179-0. [PMID: 23458877 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz A Naykoo
- Department of Immunology & Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir 190011, India.
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Sameer AS, Abdullah S, Nissar S, Rasool R, Shah ZA, Afroze D, Chowdri NA, Siddiqi MA. The blues of P(16)INK(4a): aberrant promoter methylation and association with colorectal cancer in the Kashmir valley. Mol Med Rep 2012; 5:1053-7. [PMID: 22218684 PMCID: PMC3493103 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypermethylation of the promoter region of the p16INK4a (p16) gene plays a significant role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study was to establish the role of the methylation status of the p16 gene in 114 CRC cases and to correlate it with the various clinicopathological parameters. Analysis of p16 promoter methylation was performed by methylation-specific PCR. Forty-eight (42.1%) of the CRC cases were found to be methylated for the p16 gene in our population. The methylation status was found to be associated with the gender, lymph node status, tumour stage, smoking status and tumour grade of the CRC patients. p16 plays a pivotal role in tumour development and progression to advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Syed Sameer
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir 190011, India
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Pandith AA, Shah ZA, Khan NP, Rasool R, Afroze D, Yousuf A, Wani S, Siddiqi M. Role of TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism in urinary bladder cancer predisposition and predictive impact of proline related genotype in advanced tumors in an ethnic Kashmiri population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 203:263-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Syeed N, Syed Sameer A, Hamid A, Shah ZA, Afroze D, Rasool R, Siddiqi MA. Promoter methylation profile of GSTP1 and RASSF1A in benign hyperplasia and metastatic prostate cancer patients in a Kashmiri population. Mol Med Rep 2010; 3:883-7. [PMID: 21472330 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2010.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoter hypermethylation is a marginal approach to inactivating tumor suppressor genes in cancer. DNA hypermethylation is a well-recognized epigenetic malfunction observed in several malignancies, most predominantly in prostate cancer. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns are considered to be the earliest somatic genome changes in prostate cancer. The function of promoter hypermethylation in malignant transformation of the prostate has been widely studied, from its presence in benign hyperplasia (BHP) to development and to the advanced stages of tumor formation. In the present study, we examined the promoter hypermethylation status of the glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) and RASSF1A genes in 45 BHP samples, 50 proven prostate tumor samples and 80 normal samples. Hypermethylated GSTP1 was found in 29/50 (58.0%) prostate carcinoma cases and 12/45 (26.6%) BHP cases. The RASSF1A gene was methylated in 17/50 (34.0%) prostate cancer samples and 7/45 (15.5%) BHP samples. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the epigenetic regulation of the GSTP1 and RASSF1A genes through promoter hypermethylation may play a crucial role in the progression of prostate cancer, and has probable involvement in BHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidda Syeed
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir 190011, India
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Sameer AS, Shah ZA, Syeed N, Rasool R, Afroze D, Siddiqi MA. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) Pro187Ser polymorphism and colorectal cancer predisposition in the ethnic Kashmiri population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010; 11:209-213. [PMID: 20593958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The C609T single nucleotide polymorphism of the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) gene has been identified as an important risk parameter for the susceptibility to colorectal cancer. We here carried out a case-control study and examined the genotype distribution of NQO1 C609T (Pro189Ser) using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approach, to investigate the possible role of this SNP as a risk factor in colorectal cancer development in Kasmir, India. We investigated the genotype distribution in 86 CRC cases in comparison with 160 healthy subjects and also focused on clinicopathological variables in the CRC cases. The observed genotype frequencies in cases and controls were significantly different [OR=1.64; 95%CI=0.94-2.86]. We also found a significant association between the Ser/Ser variant form with age group, smoking status, tumor location, nodal status/ higher tumor grade and with exposure to pesticides. Therefore, we suggest that the NQO1 C609T SNP is involved either in susceptibility or development of CRC in the ethnic Kashmiri population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Syed Sameer
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
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Hussain I, ul Rehman S, Afroze D, Zahoor L, Abdullah S, Hafiz A, Shah ZA, Iqbal S, Shaffi M, Das BC, Siddiqi MA. Mutational spectrum of conserved regions of TP53 and PTEN genes in Kangri cancer (of the skin) in the Kashmiri population. Mutat Res 2009; 676:5-10. [PMID: 19486858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Kangri cancer is a unique, thermally induced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin that develops due to persistent use of a Kangri (a brazier) by the Kashmiri people to combat the cold temperature during winter. Unlike classical UV-induced SCC of the skin, Kangri cancer appears on the legs and abdomen. Its common features are erythematous patches, recurrence and metastasis. In the absence of any molecular etiology, we made a preliminary attempt to estimate the nature and frequency of mutations in the TP53 and PTEN genes in Kangri cancer patients from Kashmir. PCR-SSCP analysis followed by direct sequencing revealed that TP53 mutations account for 40% (12/30) of sporadic Kangri cancer patients and that PTEN mutations account for only 6.6% (2/30). There were 16 mutations in TP53 exons 5 and 7, found in 12 patients. They consisted of 11 substitutions (7 transitions, 3 transversions and 1 double-base) and 5 insertions. The 11 substitutions represent 8 distinct missense mutations, 3 of which were silent mutations. The mutations detected in the PTEN gene consisted of one insertion and one C>T transition. This high percentage of TP53 mutations (especially A>G) showed a statistically significant association with age and positive lymph node status. Our results indicate that TP53 is a predominant target of chronic hyperthermia in the development of Kangri cancer in the moderate risk Kashmiri population. The differences in the TP53 mutation spectrum of UV-induced SCC of the skin and Kangri cancer are probably due to the nature of the respective environmental carcinogens. The study also suggests that TP53 may function as a potential molecular marker and prognostic tool, at least in a subset of sporadic Kangri tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishraq Hussain
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar 190011, Kashmir, India
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Rehman S, Sameer A, Zahoor L, Abdullah S, Shah Z, Afroze D, Hussain I, Shaffi S, Syeed N, Rizvi M, Siddiqi M. Distinct pattern of mutations of conserved regions of TP53 in colorectal cancer patients in the Kashmir population: an emerging high-risk area. Ecancermedicalscience 2009; 3:129. [PMID: 22275998 PMCID: PMC3223997 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2009.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. The Kashmir valley, in Northern India, has been described as a high-risk area for colorectal cancer. Aim: The aim was to make a preliminary attempt to study mutations in exons 5–8 (the DNA binding domain) of the tumour suppressor gene TP53 in 42 CRC patients from Kashmir. Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 42 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Mutations in exons 5–8 of the TP53 gene were detected by means of single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). All samples that showed different band migration patterns in the SSCP were confirmed by sequencing. Results: The 28 mutations were found in the TP53 gene in 19 patients, comprised 23 substitutions (17 transitions + six transversions), and five insertions. The 23 substitutions represent 18 missense mutations, leading to amino acid substitutions, two nonsense mutations, leading to stop codons, while the remaining three were silent mutations. The five insertions represented frameshifts. Two of 28 mutations (7.14%) have not been previously reported in colon cancer samples and were identified as novel TP53 mutations. Comparison of the mutation profile with other ethnic populations and regions reflected both differences and similarities indicating co-exposure to a unique set of risk factors. Conclusions: Mutation of the TP53 gene is one of the commonest genetic changes in the development of human colorectal cancer. The high frequency of TP53 gene mutations implicates TP53 as a predominant factor for colorectal cancer in the high-risk ethnic Kashmir population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rehman
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar 190011, Kashmir, India
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Eachkoti R, Hussain I, Afroze D, Aejazaziz S, Jan M, Shah ZA, Das BC, Siddiqi MA. BRCA1 and TP53 mutation spectrum of breast carcinoma in an ethnic population of Kashmir, an emerging high-risk area. Cancer Lett 2006; 248:308-20. [PMID: 16996204 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Revised: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer shows geographical variation in its incidence, even within areas of ethnic homogeneity. Kashmir valley (India), over past few years, witnesses an increase in incidence and occurrence of familial, early onset, and male breast cancer in its unexplored ethnic population. Here, we make a preliminary attempt to estimate the nature and frequency of BRCA1 and TP53 gene mutations of breast cancer patients from Kashmir. PCR-SSCP analysis followed by direct sequencing revealed the presence of only two germline intronic variations (c.199+67T>C and c.5396+187T>C) in BRCA1 gene in only 5.26% (2/38) patients while as 44% (11/25) of sporadic breast cancer patients harboured significant amount of somatic mutations in TP53 (p=0.0074; OR=0.053). The 17 mutations found in TP53 in 11 patients, comprised of 13 substitutions [11 single-base (9 transitions+2 transversions), 1 double-base and 1 complex] and four insertions. The 11 substitutions represent missense mutations, leading to aminoacid substitution while as rest two were silent mutations. The four insertions represented three frame-shifts and one non-sense mutation. The mutation effect data was found to be significant (p=0.0002). Significant amount of mutations were found in exon 6 (p=0.04; OR=0.273) and a combination of exons 6 and 7 (p=0.0145; OR=14.22) of TP53. Comparison of mutation profile with other ethnic populations and regions reflected both differences and similarities indicating co-exposure to a unique set of risk factors. The differences could be due to exposure to particular environmental carcinogens; different lifestyle, reproductive pattern; dietary or cultural practices of Kashmiri women that need further investigations. The infrequent presence of germline BRCA1 mutations in our study agree with the idea that a great proportion of moderate risk breast cancer population could be due to the susceptibility genes distinct from BRCA1. However, high frequency of somatic TP53 gene mutations implicates TP53 as a predominant factor for breast carcinogenesis in moderate risk ethnic Kashmiri population. The study also suggests TP53 as a potential molecular marker and prognostic tool, at least in a subset of sporadic breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiqa Eachkoti
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
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