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Manzoor U, Pandith AA, Amin I, Wani S, Baba SM, Wani UM, Mansoor S, Aein QU, Anwar I, Bahar B, Koul AM, Sanadhya D, Ahmad A. Regulatory role of miR-125a expression with respect to its target genes LIFR, ERBB2 and STAT3 in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy losses. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024. [PMID: 38528801 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have investigated miR-125a for its predictable role in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) cases to regulate many biological events required for the maintenance of pregnancy by regulating its confirmed target genes LIFR, ERBB2 and STAT3. METHODS The present study included 40 cases of women with at least two RPLs in ≤20 weeks of gestation against 40 healthy multiparous women without a previous history of abortion. Expression analysis of ERBB2, LIFR, STAT3 and miR-125a was conducted by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS The expression of miR-125a was significantly lower in the plasma of RPL cases (P = 0.0001) and showed a significantly increased mean expression level in product of conception (2.56-fold, P < 0.0001). Among the target gene of miR-125a, ERBB2 and STAT3 gene expression level was significantly increased (2.58-fold, P = 0.04; 1.87-fold, P = 0.025), respectively in RPL cases while the LIFR gene revealed comparable expression (P = 0.64). Furthermore, expression analysis of ERBB2 gene with respect to its regulatory miR-125a cases depicted a significant association (P = 0.0005). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed cases with low miR-125a expression had significantly shorter time to miscarriages, (log-rank P = 0.02). Also, decreased expression of miR-125a significantly conferred >2-fold increased risk for RPL (HR = 2.34: P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The overall conclusion of the study was that altered miR-125a expression may cause deregulation in target genes LIFR, ERBB2 and STAT3 resulting in adverse consequence in the outcome of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usma Manzoor
- Advanced Center for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- School of Life and Basic Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arshad A Pandith
- Advanced Center for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ina Amin
- Advanced Center for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Saima Wani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shahid M Baba
- Advanced Center for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Umer M Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Advanced Center for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Qurat Ul Aein
- Advanced Center for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iqra Anwar
- Advanced Center for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Barjista Bahar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aabid M Koul
- Advanced Center for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Dheera Sanadhya
- School of Life and Basic Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abida Ahmad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Anwar I, Pandith AA, Mir H, Manzoor U, Amin I, Baba SM, Godha M, Koul AM, Shah ZA, Mansoor S, Wani MS. Implications of risk conferred by 5p15.33 loci genetic variants; human telomerase reverse transcriptase rs2736098 and rs2736100 in predisposition of bladder cancer. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2022; 27:787-796. [PMID: 36523804 PMCID: PMC9746636 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.a2022.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The polymorphic variations of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene play an important role in predisposition to carcinogenesis. The current study aimed to elucidate the genetic predisposition to bladder cancer in two important variants, rs2736098 and rs2736100 of hTERT gene. Materials and methods Confirmed 130 patients of bladder cancer and 200 healthy controls were genotyped by PCR-RFLP to determine different variants of hTERT rs2736098 and rs2736100. Results hTERT rs2736098 homozygous variant AA genotype frequency was observed to significantly differ 2-fold between cases and controls (26.15% vs. 13.5%) (p = 0.02). In addition, rare 'A' allele significantly differed among two groups (cases: 47% versus controls: 39%: p = 0.03). hTERT rs2736098 was observed to be presented significantly more in high stage tumors (p = 0.02). hTERT rs2736100 genotype AA or variant allele A showed no significant difference between cases and controls. Haplotype CA displayed significantly different pattern of frequency as 0.5 in cases as compared to 0.16 in controls (p < 0.0001). Combination of variant A/G haplotype frequency implicated more in cases than in controls (0.34 vs. 0.14, p = 0.001). Conclusions It is concluded that hTERT rs2736098 polymorphic variant has a vital role to confer a strong risk to bladder cancer in our population. Further, hTERT haplotypes CA and AG inhTERT could prove to be a promising tool to screen the risk for bladder cancer.
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Manzoor U, Pandith AA, Amin I, Wani S, Sanadhya D, Lone TA, Mir H, Paray BA, Gulnaz A, Anwar I, Ahmad A, Aein QU. Implications of Decreased Expression of miR-125a with Respect to Its Variant Allele in the Pathogenesis of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Study in a High Incidence Zone. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133834. [PMID: 35807118 PMCID: PMC9267497 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is controlled by several types of genes and the regulation of their expression is tightly controlled by miRNAs. The present study was carried out to explore the association between miR-125a polymorphic sequence variation and its expression and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) compared to full-term healthy controls. A total of 150 women that had experienced two or more RPLs and 180 healthy controls (two or more full-term pregnancies) were recruited, along with 50 product of conception (POC) samples from the corresponding RPL patients, and evaluated for miR-125a SNPs by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP), which was confirmed by high resolution melting (HRM)/DNA sequencing. Additionally, the expression of miR-125a was quantified with q−PCR in the maternal plasma of 40 corresponding RPL patients against healthy controls. The frequency of variant genotype CC was significantly higher in RPL cases (19.3%) than controls (10.5%), with an odds ratio of >2 (p = 0.025). The expression levels of miR-125a were markedly decreased in RPL cases compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Variant genotype CC was found significantly more often in RPL cases than controls (0.34 vs. 0.20; p < 0.05).In this study, miR-125a rs12976445 C/T revealed that the homozygous CC genotype and C allele were associated with the risk of RPL and significant expression indicates that miR-125a has an important role in RPL etiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usma Manzoor
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar 190011, India; (U.M.); (I.A.); (I.A.); (Q.U.A.)
- School of Life and Basic Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur 302017, India;
| | - Arshad A. Pandith
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar 190011, India; (U.M.); (I.A.); (I.A.); (Q.U.A.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ina Amin
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar 190011, India; (U.M.); (I.A.); (I.A.); (Q.U.A.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Saima Wani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar 190011, India; (S.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Dheera Sanadhya
- School of Life and Basic Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur 302017, India;
| | - Tawseef A. Lone
- Department of General Surgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar 190011, India;
| | - Hyder Mir
- Influenza Lab, Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar 190011, India;
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aneela Gulnaz
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun 55338, Korea;
| | - Iqra Anwar
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar 190011, India; (U.M.); (I.A.); (I.A.); (Q.U.A.)
- School of Life and Basic Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur 302017, India;
| | - Abida Ahmad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar 190011, India; (S.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Qurat Ul Aein
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar 190011, India; (U.M.); (I.A.); (I.A.); (Q.U.A.)
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Amin I, Pandith AA, Manzoor U, Mir SH, Afroze D, Koul AM, Wani S, Ahmad A, Qasim I, Rashid M, Wani UM, Anwar I, Aein QU, Mansoor S. Implications of VEGF gene sequence variations and its expression in recurrent pregnancy loss. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:1035-1044. [PMID: 34716101 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What is the association between VEGF gene sequence variants and its mRNA expression in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)? Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a prominent role in pregnancy and affects pregnancy outcome. The association of VEGF gene 1154G>A, 634G>C and 583C>T polymorphic variations with cases of RPL and full-term fertile women as controls was investigated. DESIGN Two hundred women with RPL and 240 women healthy controls were included. The restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used for genotyping and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for analysis of mRNA expression. RESULTS In VEGF 1154G>A, significant differences were found in homozygous AA genotype between case and control participants. The variant allele A frequency was significantly more abundant in RPL cases (0.41) than controls (0.19) (P < 0.0001). Only RPL cases with the multi-generation family history of miscarriages and those without any history showed significant differences of combined genotype GA+AA (P < 0.0001). In VEGF 634 G>C, CC genotype and allele C showed significantly increased frequency in RPL cases compared with healthy controls (P < 0.0001). The association between VEGF-1154 G>A SNP and VEGF-A mRNA expression levels was significant in RPL cases (P = 0.004). The heterozygous genotype GA was significantly (P = 0.03) associated with upregulation and downregulation of VEGF mRNA, whereas the homozygous variant genotype AA only leads to low expression levels of VEGF mRNA in patients with RPL. CONCLUSIONS All the variants of VEGF play a vital role in an increased susceptibility to RPL. Also, VEGF-1154, AA genotypes are associated with its altered low mRNA expression in women with RPL and seem to affect pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Amin
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India
| | - Arshad A Pandith
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India.
| | - Usma Manzoor
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India
| | - Syed Hussain Mir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India.
| | - Aabid Mustafa Koul
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India
| | - Saima Wani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology SKIMS, Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aabida Ahmad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology SKIMS, Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iqbal Qasim
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India
| | - Masarat Rashid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology SKIMS, Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Umer M Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iqra Anwar
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India
| | - Qurat Ul Aein
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), J&K-India
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Manzoor U, Pandith AA, Amin I, Wani S, Sanadhya D, Ahmad A, Qasim I, Rashid M, Anwar I, Koul A. Influence of prominent immunomodulatory cytokines TNF-α308 G>A (rs1800629) and TGFβ1 G>C (rs1800471) sequence variations as an important contributing factor in etiopathogenesis of recurrent miscarriages in Kashmiri women (North India). J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:1686-1693. [PMID: 33624323 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to evaluate the genetic variation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 308 G>A (rs1800629) and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1G>C (rs1800471) to confer risk in patients with recurrent miscarriage in highly consanguineous population of Kashmir (North India). METHODS A total of 200 women who experienced two or more recurrent miscarriages (along with 100 spouses, 60 products of conception, and 240 healthy controls) with two or more full-term pregnancies were recruited from the same geographical region and evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS TNF-α 308 G>A variant genotype (AA) was significantly associated with recurrent miscarriage cases (2.5% vs. 0.4% controls, respectively; p < 0.05) and its per copy allele A also presented more in cases (32% vs. 24% in controls; p < 0.05) that showed a risk of 1.5-fold for cases (p < 0.05). The difference of variant genotype GA was observed to be significant among recurrent miscarriage cases and product of conception: 60.5% vs. 83%, respectively (p < 0.05) wherein variant TNF-α GA genotype conferred 3-fold risk (p < 0.05). On the other hand, TGF β1 G>C showed no association with recurrent miscarriage cases in our population. CONCLUSION The study found both TNF-α 308 G>A variants are significantly associated with an increased susceptibility for recurrent miscarriages to cause pregnancy losses but on the other hand TGF β1 does not seem to impact the outcome of pregnancy in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usma Manzoor
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arshad A Pandith
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ina Amin
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Saima Wani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Dheera Sanadhya
- School of Life and Basic Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abida Ahmad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iqbal Qasim
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Masarat Rashid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iqra Anwar
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aabid Koul
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Pandith AA, Wani ZA, Qasim I, Afroze D, Manzoor U, Amin I, Baba SM, Koul A, Anwar I, Mohammad F, Bhat AR, Shah P. Association of strong risk of hTERT gene polymorphic variants to malignant glioma and its prognostic implications with respect to different histological types and survival of glioma cases. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3260. [PMID: 32783258 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline genetic variants of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) are known to predispose for various malignancies, including glioma. The present study investigated genetic variation of hTERT T/G (rs2736100) and hTERT G/A (rs2736098) with respect to glioma risk. METHODS Confirmed cases (n = 106) were tested against 210 cancer-free healthy controls by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique for genotyping. RESULTS Homozygous variant 'GG' genotype of rs2736100 frequency was > 4-fold significantly different in cases versus controls (39.6% 17.2%; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, variant 'G' allele was found to be significantly associated with cases (0.5 versus 0.2 in controls; p < 0.0001). Homozygous variant rs2736098 'AA' genotype (35.8% versus 23.8%) and allele 'A' (0.49 versus 0.34) showed a marked significant difference in cases and controls, respectively (p < 0.05). In hTERT rs2736100, the GG genotype significantly presented more in higher grades and GBM (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the GG variant of hTERT rs2736100 had a poor probability with respect to the overall survival of patients compared to TG and TT genotypes (log rank p = 0.03). Interestingly, two haplotypes of hTERT rs2736100/rs2736098 were identified as GG and GA that conferred a > 3- and 5-fold risk to glioma patients respectively, where variant G/A haplotype was observed to have the highest impact with respect to glioma risk (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that hTERT rs2736098 and rs2736100 variants play an important role in conferring a strong risk of developing glioma. Furthermore, hTERT rs2736100 GG variant appears to play a role in the bad prognosis of glioma patients. Haplotypes GG and GA could prove to be vital tools for monitoring risk in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad A Pandith
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahoor A Wani
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iqbal Qasim
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Dil Afroze
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Usma Manzoor
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ina Amin
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shahid M Baba
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aabid Koul
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iqra Anwar
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Fozia Mohammad
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul R Bhat
- Department of Neurosurgery, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Parveen Shah
- Department of Pathology, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Murastov G, Bogatova E, Brazovskiy K, Amin I, Lipovka A, Dogadina E, Cherepnyov A, Ananyeva A, Plotnikov E, Ryabov V, Rodriguez RD, Sheremet E. Flexible and water-stable graphene-based electrodes for long-term use in bioelectronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 166:112426. [PMID: 32750676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We present the first demonstration of bioelectrodes made from laser-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates that overcome two main issues: using hydrogel on skin interface with standard Ag/AgCl bioelectrodes vs. low signal to noise ratio with capacitance or dry electrodes. Today we develop a dry rGO bioelectrode technology with long-term stability for 100 h in harsh environments and when in contact with skin. Reliability tests in different buffer solutions with pH from 4.8 to 9.2 tested over 24 h showed the robustness of rGO electrodes. In terms of signal to noise ratio, our bioelectrodes performance is comparable to that of commercial ones. The bioelectrodes demonstrate an excellent signal to noise ratio, with a signal match of over 98% with respect to state-of-the-art electrodes used as a benchmark. We attribute the unique stability of our bioelectrodes to the rGO/PET interface modification and composite formation during laser processing used for GO reduction. The rGO/PET composite formation assertion is confirmed by mechanical stripping experiments and visual examination of re-exposed PET. The method developed here is simple, cost-effective, maskless, and can be scaled-up, allowing sustainable manufacture of arbitrary-shaped flexible electrodes for biomedical sensors and wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Murastov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E Bogatova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - K Brazovskiy
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - I Amin
- Van't Hoff Institute of Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Lipovka
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E Dogadina
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A Cherepnyov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A Ananyeva
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E Plotnikov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V Ryabov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 111a Kievskaya Street 634012, Tomsk National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina ave 634050, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moscovskiy trakt, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - R D Rodriguez
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - E Sheremet
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia.
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UMAIR F, Aftab A, Amin I, Muhammad Dalia R. SUN-248 USE OF VERY LOW DOSE UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN IN MODERATE TO HIGH RISK MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS. Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sharkey L, Bowron N, Saravanapavan H, Massey D, Woodward J, Middleton S, Amin I, Russell N, Butler A. Timing is everything: when to refer patients for Intestinal Transplant. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rauf I, Asif M, Amin I, Naqvi RZ, Umer N, Mansoor S, Jander G. Silencing cathepsin L expression reduces Myzus persicae protein content and the nutritional value as prey for Coccinella septempunctata. Insect Mol Biol 2019; 28:785-797. [PMID: 30980445 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gut-expressed aphid genes, which may be more easily inhibited by RNA interference (RNAi) constructs, are attractive targets for pest control efforts involving transgenic plants. Here we show that expression of cathepsin L, which encodes a cysteine protease that functions in aphid guts, can be reduced by expression of an RNAi construct in transgenic tobacco. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by up to 80% adult mortality, reduced fecundity, and delayed nymph production of Myzus persicae (green peach aphids) when cathepsin L expression was reduced by plant-mediated RNAi. Consistent with the function of cathepsin L as a gut protease, M. persicae fed on the RNAi plants had a lower protein content in their bodies and excreted more protein and/or free amino acids in their honeydew. Larvae of Coccinella septempunctata (seven-spotted ladybugs) grew more slowly on aphids having reduced cathepsin L expression, suggesting that prey insect nutritive value, and not just direct negative effects of the RNAi construct, needs to be considered when producing transgenic plants for RNAi-mediated pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rauf
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Asif
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - I Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - R Z Naqvi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - N Umer
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - G Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Ali I, Khurshid M, Iqbal Z, Shafiq M, Amin I, Mansoor S, Briddon RW. The antisense 5' end of the V2 gene confers enhanced resistance against the monopartite begomovirus cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Burewala strain. Acta Virol 2019; 63:26-35. [PMID: 30879310 DOI: 10.4149/av_2019_101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Whitefly-transmitted viruses of the genus Begomovirus (the family Geminiviridae) have become a limiting factor for agricultural productivity in many warmer parts of the world. The economies of Pakistan and India have, since the early 1990s, suffered losses due to cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD). The disease is caused by begomoviruses, the most important of which at this time is cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus strain Burewala (CLCuKoV-Bu), and a disease-specific betasatellite, cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB). Efforts to minimize losses due to CLCuD rely mainly on the use of insecticides to kill the whitefly vector; no resistant cotton varieties are currently commercially available. The study described here has investigated RNA interference technology for its potential to yield resistance against CLCuKoV-Bu and three other begomoviruses; CLCuKoV, tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and Pedilanthus leaf curl virus (PeLCV). Three fragments of the virion-sense V2 gene of CLCuKoV-Bu were transformed into Nicotiana benthamiana in antisense orientation and transgenic lines expressing virus-specific short RNAs were assessed for their ability to yield resistance. Only CLCuKoV-Bu with the V2 sequence closest to the promoter was resistant. Inoculation of CLCuKoV-Bu with CLCuMuB into transgenic plants did not significantly affect the outcome, although viral DNA was detected in number of plants, suggesting that the betasatellite may impair RNAi resistance. Overall the results indicate that targeting the 5' end of V2 gene using antisense-RNA has the potential to deliver resistance against begomoviruses and that RNAi-based resistance imparts some degree of resistance to heterologous viruses. Keywords: geminivirus; begomovirus; RNAi; resistance; CLCuKoV-Burewala; CLCuMuB.
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Fadzillah NA, Rohman A, Salleh RA, Amin I, Shuhaimi M, Farahwahida M, Rashidi O, Aizat JM, Khatib A. Authentication of butter from lard adulteration using high-resolution of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography. International Journal of Food Properties 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1233428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzillah
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center of Research for Fiqh Science and Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - A. Rohman
- Research Center of Halal Products and Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - R. Arief Salleh
- Center of Research for Fiqh Science and Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - I. Amin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. Shuhaimi
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M.Y. Farahwahida
- Center of Research for Fiqh Science and Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - O. Rashidi
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J. Mohammad Aizat
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Rutter CS, Amin I, Russell NK, Sharkey LM, Butler AJ, Middleton SJ. Adult Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation: Experience From a Single Center in the United Kingdom. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:468-72. [PMID: 27109980 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cambridge is one of two designated adult intestinal transplant centers in the United Kingdom and has performed 60 transplants on 54 patients since 2007; 52% of these were undertaken in the last 3 years. This increasing trend is in contrast with that reported worldwide; 27% were small bowel grafts (SBT), 15% modified multivisceral (MMVT), and 58% multivisceral (MVT). Median recipient age was 47 years; the female-to-male ratio was 27/33. Primary diseases included visceral arterial thromboses (17%), Crohn's disease (17%), motility disorders (12%), visceral venous thromboses (12%), familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)/desmoids (8%), alcoholic cirrhosis (3%), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (3%), ulcerative colitis (2%), and other (15%). Indications for transplant included intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) (27%), loss of central venous access (17%), FAP/desmoid disease (5%), extensive portomesenteric venous thrombosis (PMVT) (20%), widespread mesenteric arterial ischemia (WMAI) (13%), re-transplant (8%), and other (10%). Overall 1-year/5-year patient survival rates were 77%/62%. One-year/5-year patient survival rates were 92%/83%, 85%/65%, and 71%/33% for SBT, MMVT, and MVT. One-year/5-year survival rates for patients with IFALD, PMVT, and other indications who underwent MVT were 80%/20%, 65%/55%, and 55%/35%. The greatest proportion of patient deaths occurred during the first year after transplant (50% in year 1, 23% in year 2, 9% in year 3, 5% in year 4, and 14% in year 5), particularly in the MVT group. Referrals to our United Kingdom center are increasing, and the indications for transplant are becoming more diverse. Our patient survival rates remain comparable with figures reported worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Rutter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - I Amin
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N K Russell
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L M Sharkey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A J Butler
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S J Middleton
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Azilawati M, Dzulkifly M, Jamilah B, Shuhaimi M, Amin I. Estimation of uncertainty from method validation data: Application to a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of amino acids in gelatin using 6-aminoquinolyl- N -hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate reagent. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 129:389-397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kulanthayan S, Karmegam K, John P, Puspa W, Amin I, Ramesh A, Anita A. 938 A journey from pedestrian safety intervention to first international safe school initiative attempt. Inj Prev 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042156.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Fatima K, Imran A, Amin I, Khan QM, Afzal M. Plant species affect colonization patterns and metabolic activity of associated endophytes during phytoremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:6188-6196. [PMID: 26606932 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants coupled with endophytic bacteria hold great potential for the remediation of polluted environment. The colonization patterns and activity of inoculated endophytes in rhizosphere and endosphere of host plant are among the primary factors that may influence the phytoremediation process. However, these colonization patterns and metabolic activity of the inoculated endophytes are in turn controlled by none other than the host plant itself. The present study aims to determine such an interaction specifically for plant-endophyte systems remediating crude oil-contaminated soil. A consortium (AP) of two oil-degrading endophytic bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. strain BRSI56 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BRRI54) was inoculated to two grasses, Brachiaria mutica and Leptochloa fusca, vegetated in crude oil-contaminated soil. Colonization patterns and metabolic activity of the endophytes were monitored in the rhizosphere and endosphere of the plants. Bacterial augmentation enhanced plant growth and crude oil degradation. Maximum crude oil degradation (78%) was achieved with B. mutica plants inoculated with AP consortium. This degradation was significantly higher than those treatments, where plants and bacteria were used individually or L. fusca and endophytes were used in combination. Moreover, colonization and metabolic activity of the endophytes were higher in the rhizosphere and endosphere of B. mutica than L. fusca. The plant species affected not only colonization pattern and biofilm formation of the inoculated bacteria in the rhizosphere and endosphere of the host plant but also affected the expression of alkane hydroxylase gene, alkB. Hence, the investigation revealed that plant species can affect colonization patterns and metabolic activity of inoculated endophytic bacteria and ultimately the phytoremediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fatima
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P. O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Imran
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P. O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - I Amin
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P. O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Q M Khan
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P. O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Afzal
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P. O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Al-Sheraji SH, Amin I, Azlan A, Manap MY, Hassan FA. Effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on lipid profile and histopathological changes in hypercholesterolaemic rats. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:661-8. [PMID: 26065647 DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on lipid profile, liver and kidney function, and body fat in hypercholesterolaemic rats. 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups. The negative control group received a standard diet. The positive control group received a cholesterol-enriched diet, whereas the intervention groups received a cholesterol-enriched diet supplemented with B. longum BB536 alone or in combination with inulin or Mangifera pajang fibrous polysaccharides. After 8 weeks, plasma lipids, and liver and kidney function were tested. Intake of the cholesterol-enriched diet increased total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, creatinine, urea, liver weight, adipose tissue weight, liver lipid deposition and adipocyte size. B. longum BB536 supplementation significantly reduced total cholesterol, liver lipid deposition and adipocyte size, and positively affected liver and kidney function. These effects were significantly increased in the presence of inulin and M. pajang fibrous polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Al-Sheraji
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,2 Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - I Amin
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,3 Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institutes, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Azlan
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,3 Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institutes, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Y Manap
- 4 Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F A Hassan
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,2 Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
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Raihana ARN, Marikkar J, Amin I, Shuhaimi M. A Review on Food Values of Selected Tropical Fruits’ Seeds. International Journal of Food Properties 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2014.980946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ammara UE, Al-Shihi A, Amin I, Al-Sadi AM. First Report of Tomato leaf curl Albatinah virus (ToLCABV) and its Associated Betasatellite Infecting Papaya in Oman. Plant Dis 2015; 99:421. [PMID: 30699712 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-14-0912-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf curl disease with severe curling, vein darkening, and vein thickening was observed on papaya plants in a field in Qurayat district of Oman during December 2013. Disease incidence ranged from 50 to 70%, particularly in young papaya plants. The presence of a large population of whiteflies and symptoms observed on papaya plants suggested that the causal agent could be begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) and associated satellites. Four leaf samples with mild and severe leaf curling were collected from the field. Total nucleic acid extracted from symptomatic and healthy plants using the CTAB method were used as a template to amplify circular DNAs using Φ29 DNA polymerase, and products were digested with restriction enzymes to identify fragments of 2.6 to 2.8 kb typical of geminiviruses. BamHI yielded fragments of ~2.8 and 1.4 kb when the digested products were resolved by electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel. These fragments were cloned and sequenced using a primer walking strategy in both directions. Sequencing results confirmed the exact sizes of 1,303, 1,358, and 2,765 bp; the sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers HG969296, HG969297, and HG969260, respectively. BLAST results showed that the first two sequences are Tomato leaf curl betasatellite (ToLCB; isolates Pap-2 and Pap-3) showing 97% sequence identity with a previously reported ToLCB sequence (Accession No. KF229728). Both satellites encode a single gene in the complementary sense strand referred to as βC1, which showed 97% sequence identity to ToLCB (HE800551). The viral sequence (isolate Pap-6) showed four genes in the complementary sense (the replication-associated protein [Rep] gene, the transcription-activator protein [TrAP] gene, the replication-enhancer protein [REn] gene, and the C4 gene) and two genes (pre-coat protein [V2] and coat protein [CP]) in virion-sense (2). BLAST analysis showed 95.2% sequence identity to Tomato leaf curl Albatinah virus (ToLCABV; FJ956700), reported earlier to infect tomato in Oman (3). Amino acid sequence comparison of the four predicted proteins (Rep, TrAP, Ren, and C4) encoded by Pap-6 shared 95, 96, 100, and 100% sequence identity, whereas virion-sense proteins (V1 and V2) shared 99% sequence identity with ToLCABV (FJ956700). According to the recommendations of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, these results indicate that the virus identified in association with papaya leaf curl disease in Oman is a variant of ToLCABV (1). All infected samples showed the presence of ToLCABV, while no hybridization was observed in healthy control DNA using ToLCABV probe. These findings are indicative of the rapid spread of diseases involving Begomovirus and betasatellites, which often result in increased host range, as is evident from this study. References: (1) C. M. Fauquet et al. Arch. Virol. 148:405, 2003. (2) L. Hanley-Bowdoin et al. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 18:71, 1999. (3) A. J. Khan et al. Arch. Virol. 159:445, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- U E Ammara
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - A Al-Shihi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - I Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A M Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
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Nurrulhidayah A, Che Man Y, Amin I, Arieff Salleh R, Farawahidah M, Shuhaimi M, Khatib A. FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy Based Metabolite Fingerprinting as A Direct Determination of Butter Adulterated With Lard. International Journal of Food Properties 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2012.692224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Azilawati MI, Hashim DM, Jamilah B, Amin I. RP-HPLC method using 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate incorporated with normalization technique in principal component analysis to differentiate the bovine, porcine and fish gelatins. Food Chem 2014; 172:368-76. [PMID: 25442566 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid compositions of bovine, porcine and fish gelatin were determined by amino acid analysis using 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate as derivatization reagent. Sixteen amino acids were identified with similar spectral chromatograms. Data pre-treatment via centering and transformation of data by normalization were performed to provide data that are more suitable for analysis and easier to be interpreted. Principal component analysis (PCA) transformed the original data matrix into a number of principal components (PCs). Three principal components (PCs) described 96.5% of the total variance, and 2 PCs (91%) explained the highest variances. The PCA model demonstrated the relationships among amino acids in the correlation loadings plot to the group of gelatins in the scores plot. Fish gelatin was correlated to threonine, serine and methionine on the positive side of PC1; bovine gelatin was correlated to the non-polar side chains amino acids that were proline, hydroxyproline, leucine, isoleucine and valine on the negative side of PC1 and porcine gelatin was correlated to the polar side chains amino acids that were aspartate, glutamic acid, lysine and tyrosine on the negative side of PC2. Verification on the database using 12 samples from commercial products gelatin-based had confirmed the grouping patterns and the variables correlations. Therefore, this quantitative method is very useful as a screening method to determine gelatin from various sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Azilawati
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D M Hashim
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - B Jamilah
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - I Amin
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Azilawati M, Hashim D, Jamilah B, Amin I. Validation of a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of amino acids in gelatins by application of 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate reagent. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1353:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nur Azira T, Che Man YB, Raja Mohd Hafidz RN, Aina MA, Amin I. Use of principal component analysis for differentiation of gelatine sources based on polypeptide molecular weights. Food Chem 2013; 151:286-92. [PMID: 24423534 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed to differentiate between porcine and bovine gelatines in adulterated samples by utilising sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) combined with principal component analysis (PCA). The distinct polypeptide patterns of 6 porcine type A and 6 bovine type B gelatines at molecular weight ranged from 50 to 220 kDa were studied. Experimental samples of raw gelatine were prepared by adding porcine gelatine in a proportion ranging from 5% to 50% (v/v) to bovine gelatine and vice versa. The method used was able to detect 5% porcine gelatine added to the bovine gelatine. There were no differences in the electrophoretic profiles of the jelly samples when the proteins were extracted with an acetone precipitation method. The simple approach employing SDS-PAGE and PCA reported in this paper may provide a useful tool for food authenticity issues concerning gelatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nur Azira
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y B Che Man
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R N Raja Mohd Hafidz
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M A Aina
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - I Amin
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Fatima Z, Afzal S, Idrees M, Rafique S, Akram M, Khubaib B, Saleem S, Amin I, Shahid M. Change in demographic pattern of dengue virus infection: evidence from 2011 dengue outbreak in Punjab, Pakistan. Public Health 2013; 127:875-7. [PMID: 23973044 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Fatima
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Amin I, Nurrulhidayah AF, Rohman A, Shuhaimi M, Khatib A. Analysis of chicken fat as adulterant in butter using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. Grasas y Aceites 2013. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.072812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sadek E, Ageez A, El-Menofy M, Abo Shereef M, Hamada A, Moussa A, Kumber R, Sleem S, El- Shaarawy G, morad A, Abdel- Majeed S, Abo- Warda A, Tammam A, Mesherf M, El-Sayed E, Ashoush H, Toweefles M, Hendawy H, Mahgoub H, Mostafa A, El-Borhamy H, Menshawy A, El- Awady W, Abd El-Nour N, Abdel- Dayem S, Hassan S, Swelam A, El- Sawy S, Hamad S, Abdel – Rahman M, Abo El-Ela S, Khaled M, Ramadan R, Amin I, Zakaria M, Hassan M, Gad-Allah A, El-Maghraby M, Abdel–Al A, Hagras A, Mahmoud M, Moubark M, Abd-El-Kreem T, Morsy A, El-Gharabawy H, Aglan M, Farahat W, Abd El-Hamid E, Gad R, Nathan S, Abdel- Latif I, Abdel Kader M, Gomaa A, Ghanem E, Mahmoud S, Mosaad M, Hanna N, Moussa M, Gouda M, Mostafa M, Sharshar M, Shehab El Din T, Abde-Aleem M, Sabry S, Salem M, Khattab A, Abdel-Latif A, El-Hag A, Abdel- Fattah N, Hefnawy F, Imbaby I, El- Shamy M. GEMMEIZA 11 – A NEW EGYPTIAN HIGH YIELDING BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVAR. Journal of Plant Production 2013; 4:183-204. [DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2013.68968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Hasnah H, Amin I, Suzana S. Bone health status and lipid profile among post-menopausal malay women in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. Malays J Nutr 2012; 18:161-171. [PMID: 24575664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine bone health status and nutrient intakes among post-menopausal women residing in low cost houses in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. METHODS A total of 125 subjects aged 60 +/- 4 years who had attained menopause at age 50 +/- 5 years participated in this study. Subjects' weight and height were measured and calculated for body mass index (BMI). They were also assessed for bone health status using the Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS). Nutrient intake was assessed using a dietary history Questionnaire. Fasting serum lipid and blood pressure measurements were also taken. RESULTS The majority of the subjects were overweight and obese (80%) based on BMI status. Calcaneal measurements using the QUS indicated that while 57% or the subjects had normal bone mineral density, 37% were osteopenic and 6% osteoporotic. Calcium intake of the subjects was 505 +/- 263 mg /day, which is only 50% of the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake for calcium (1000 mg/d). About 74% of the subjects were hypercholesterolemic and 58% were hypertriglyceridemic. Two-thirds reported that they were taking medication for hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heart disease. CONCLUSION The results showed low health and nutritional status among post-menopausal women living in low-cost flats in Kuala Lumpur. They have low bone mass which may be due to their predominantly non-milk based diets which places them at high risk of hip fractures. Apart from milk, other food sources of calcium, including soya bean products such as 'tempeh' and healthy ways of cooking should be recommended to older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hasnah
- Nutrition Sciences Programme, School of Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - I Amin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty ofMedicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Suzana
- Dietetics Programme, School of Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mubin M, Akhtar S, Amin I, Briddon RW, Mansoor S. Xanthium strumarium: a weed host of components of begomovirus-betasatellite complexes affecting crops. Virus Genes 2011; 44:112-9. [PMID: 21969121 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-011-0662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Xanthium strumarium is a common weed that often shows symptoms typical of begomovirus infection, such as leaf curling and vein thickening. The virus complex isolated from the weed consisted of two begomoviruses along with a betasatellite and an alphasatellite. The first begomovirus was shown to be an isolate of Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus, a new recombinant begomovirus species that is associated with resistance breaking in previously resistant cotton varieties in Pakistan, whereas the second was shown to be an isolate of Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus (ToLCGV), a begomovirus previously reported to be bipartite. However, there was no evidence for the presence of the second genomic component, DNA B, of ToLCGV in X. strumarium. The betasatellite was shown to be an isolate of Tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand betasatellite, the first time this satellite has been identified in Pakistan. The alphasatellite associated with infection of X. strumarium was shown to be a species recently identified in potato and various weeds; Potato leaf curl alphasatellite. Although each component has been identified previously, this is the first time they have been identified in a single host. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that weeds are reservoirs of crop-infecting begomoviruses that may contribute to virus diversity by virtue of harboring multiple viruses and virus associated components, which may lead to interspecific recombination and component exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mubin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Azrina A, Khoo HE, Idris MA, Amin I, Razman MR. Major inorganic elements in tap water samples in Peninsular Malaysia. Malays J Nutr 2011; 17:271-276. [PMID: 22303580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quality drinking water should be free from harmful levels of impurities such as heavy metals and other inorganic elements. METHODS Samples of tap water collected from 24 locations in Peninsular Malaysia were determined for inorganic element content. Minerals and heavy metals were analysed by spectroscopy methods, while non-metal elements were analysed using test kits. RESULTS Minerals and heavy metals determined were sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and lead while the non-metal elements were fluoride, chloride, nitrate and sulphate. Most of the inorganic elements found in the samples were below the maximum permitted levels recommended by inter-national drinking water standard limits, except for iron and manganese. Iron concentration of tap water from one of the locations was higher than the standard limit. CONCLUSION In general, tap water from different parts of Peninsular Malaysia had low concentrations of heavy metals and inorganic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Azrina
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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El-Komy M, Amin I, Zidan A, Kadry D, Zeid OA, Shaker O. Insulin-like growth factor-1 in psoriatic plaques treated with PUVA and methotrexate. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 25:1288-94. [PMID: 21241374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of psoriasis is thought to depend on the activation of immune cells and their secreted cytokines, chemokines and growth factors like IGF-1 which may contribute to the epidermal hyperplasia of psoriasis. Treatment of psoriasis with PUVA and methotrexate are associated with clinical improvement and decrease in epidermal hyperplasia. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of PUVA and methotrexate therapy on IGF-1 expression in psoriatic plaques and whether this change correlates with clinical response. METHODS For 24 psoriatic patients, the PASI score and levels of lesional IGF-1 and its mRNA were determined by RT-PCR before and after treatment with either methotrexate or PUVA. Skin biopsies from 12 healthy volunteers served as control for IGF-1 levels in normal skin. RESULTS Lesional skin of psoriatic patients showed a statistically significant elevation in IGF-1 and its mRNA levels in comparison to control (P = 0.0001). Both methotrexate and PUVA treatment were associated with a significant decrease in both PASI scores and lesional IGF-1 after 10 month treatment. CONCLUSION Both methotrexate and PUVA therapy for psoriasis are associated with a decrease in PASI score and IGF-1. The IGF-1 down-regulation may possibly be a consequence of the decrease in cytokines and inflammatory cellular infiltrate that occur following treatment with either modalities or due to their effect on local fibroblast activity and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El-Komy
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Butt S, Idrees M, Shahid M, Amin I, Younas S, Afzal S, Akbar H, Ur Rehman I. Change in hepatitis C virus clades: a cross-sectional study of chronic HCV patients in Pakistan from 2000-2010. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30:669-72. [PMID: 21210169 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-1138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The changing pattern in hepatitis C virus (HCV) clades overtime is not well known in Pakistan. To find out the changing pattern of different HCV clades over time in this country 22,125 patients were genotyped and tracked for a period of 11 years (2000-2010). A changing pattern in HCV clades was seen in this region during the study period. Sub-clade 3a remained the dominant sub-clade circulating in different areas of the country in the study era. HCV sub-clade 3a demonstrated significantly high correlation with time (p < 0.05) whereas undetermined clades were seen with statistically non-significant correlation with time (years). All the other clades showed negative correlation with time. In general a significant decline was observed in the percentages of HCV clades 2, 4, 5 and 6 (p < 0.001). Among sub-clades, HCV 1a, 2c, 2b and 3b significantly decreased overtime (p < 0.05), while an increase has been observed for HCV 3a sub-clade and mixed clades (p <0.001). The ratio of undetermined clades remained constant over the study period. In conclusion, a changing pattern of HCV clades was observed over the 11-year study period, and this changed pattern might have direct impact on HCV disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Butt
- Division of Molecular Virology & Molecular Diagnostics, National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
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Abstract
The antioxidant properties of virgin coconut oil produced through chilling and fermentation were investigated and compared with refined, bleached and deodorized coconut oil. Virgin coconut oil showed better antioxidant capacity than refined, bleached and deodorized coconut oil. The virgin coconut oil produced through the fermentation method had the strongest scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and the highest antioxidant activity based on the beta-carotene-linoleate bleaching method. However, virgin coconut oil obtained through the chilling method had the highest reducing power. The major phenolic acids detected were ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid. Very high correlations were found between the total phenolic content and scavenging activity (r=0.91), and between the total phenolic content and reducing power (r=0.96). There was also a high correlation between total phenolic acids and beta-carotene bleaching activity. The study indicated that the contribution of antioxidant capacity in virgin coconut oil could be due to phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Marina
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, D.E., Malaysia
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Hainida KE, Amin I, Normah H, Mohd.-Esa N. Nutritional and amino acid contents of differently treated Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seeds. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nahid N, Amin I, Mansoor S, Rybicki EP, van der Walt E, Briddon RW. Two dicot-infecting mastreviruses (family Geminiviridae) occur in Pakistan. Arch Virol 2008; 153:1441-51. [PMID: 18566736 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Most mastreviruses (family Geminiviridae) infect monocotyledonous hosts and are transmitted by leafhopper vectors. Only two mastrevirus species, Tobacco yellow dwarf virus from Australia and Bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV) from South Africa, have been identified whose members infect dicotyledonous plants. We have identified two distinct mastreviruses in chickpea stunt disease (CSD)-affected chickpea originating from Pakistan. The first is an isolate of BeYDV, previously only known to occur in South Africa. The second is a member of a new species with the BeYDV isolates as its closest relatives. A PCR-based diagnostic test was developed to differentiate these two virus species. Our results show that BeYDV plays no role in the etiology of CSD in Pakistan, while the second virus occurs widely in chickpea across Pakistan. A genomic clone of the new virus was infectious to chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and induced symptoms typical of CSD. We propose the use of the name Chickpea chlorotic dwarf Pakistan virus for the new species. The significance of these findings with respect to our understanding of the evolution, origin and geographic spread of dicot-infecting mastreviruses is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nahid
- Plant Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Sharhar S, Normah H, Fatimah A, Fadilah RN, Rohi GA, Amin I, Cham BG, Rizal RM, Fairulnizal MN. Antioxidant intake and status, and oxidative stress in relation to breast cancer risk: a case-control study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2008; 9:343-349. [PMID: 18712988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A case control study was carried out to investigate associations between breast cancer risk, antioxidant status and oxidative stress among women in Klang Valley and Selangor. A total of 57 newly diagnosed cases aged 30 to 66 years old participated and were matched for age and ethnicity with 139 controls with no diagnosis of cancer or other chronic diseases. An interview based questionnaire designed to collect information on demographic and socioeconomic status, as well as reproductive, medical and dietary history was used. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, waist and hip circumference were made and a 10 ml fasting venous blood sample was taken for glucose testing and analysis of plasma vitamin antioxidants and malondialdehyde. Hair and toenail samples were taken for selenium analysis. Results showed that the mean intake of vitamin A, vitamin E and selenium among cases (606.8 +/- 334.8 microg/d, 6.1 +/- 2.4 g/d, 56.9 +/- 16.2 microg/d) was lower than controls (724.7 +/- 414 microg/day, 6.9 +/- 3.0 g/d, 60.8 +/- 17.5 microg/d, respectively) (p<0.05 for all parameters). A similar trend was noted for plasma vitamin A and E and also selenium in hair and toenails. Poor antioxidant status as indicated by low plasma vitamin A (<284.3 microg/l or <366.3 microg/l) increased risk of breast cancer by approximately two fold, whilst low plasma vitamin E (<2.5 mg/dl, <2.8 mg/dl and <3.1 mg/dl) increased the risk by two to three fold [Adjusted OR 2.97 (95% CI 1.38-3.48), 2.32 (95% CI 1.07-2.41) and 2.12 (95% CI 1.00-4.21)]. Cases had a greater level of malondialdehyde 4.4 +/- 1.1 mmol/g protein), an indicator of oxidative stress, as compared to controls (3.2 +/- 1.7 mmol/g protein) (p<0.05). A high level of MDA (> or = 4.8 mmol/g protein) was associated with breast cancer [Adjusted OR 6.82 (95% CI 1.95-23.9)]. It is concluded that a poor antioxidant status and high oxidative stress are associated with breast cancer risk. Thus, it is essential for Malaysian women to obtain a good antioxidant status by consuming a diet rich in vitamins A and E as well as selenium and adopt healthy behaviour to reduce oxidative stress in order to prevent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Sharhar
- Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Mansoor S, Amrao L, Amin I, Briddon RW, Malik KA, Zafar Y. First Report of Cotton Leaf Curl Disease in Central and Southern Sindh Province in Pakistan. Plant Dis 2006; 90:826. [PMID: 30781247 DOI: 10.1094/pd-90-0826a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cotton leaf curl is a devastating disease of cotton that has resulted in severe losses (estimated at more than US$87 million per annum) in Pakistan. The epidemic is centered in Punjab, the province that contributes approximately 80% of Pakistan's cotton. Previously, the disease had been observed sporadically on single plants in the northern Sindh Province but did not cause economically significant damage. During the years 2004 and 2005, a high incidence (approximately 20%) of the disease was observed in Shahdadpur and parts of District Sanghar, located in central Sindh Province. The disease was also observed at low incidence (<1%) in southern Sindh. To confirm the identity of the causal agent of the disease, 18 samples from three districts in central southern Sindh (Sanghar, Hala, and Hyderabad) were collected, and total DNA was extracted using cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (2). Universal primers for begomoviruses based on conserved sequences as follows were used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR): BegomoF (5'-CCGTGCTGCTGCCCCCATTGTCCGCGTCAC-3') and BegomoR (5'-CTGCCACAACCATGGATTCACGCACAGGG-3'). Universal primers for amplification of DNA β with PCR were also used (1). A full-length clone of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMV) was labeled with alpha-32PdCTP by the oligo-labeling method and used as a probe in Southern hybridization for the detection of geminivirus DNA forms (2). Similarly, cotton leaf curl disease associated DNA β was also labeled and used as a probe in Southern hybridization. The use of universal primers for begomoviruses resulted in amplification of viral DNA of the expected size from all samples while no PCR product was obtained from healthy plants. PCR results confirmed that all plants were infected with begomoviruses. Southern hybridization with CLCuMV and DNA β probes detected begomovirus DNA forms associated with virus replication when washed at medium stringency, further confirming that the plants were infected with the cotton leaf curl geminivirus complex (2). Our results indicate that cotton leaf curl complex has become established in central and southern districts of Sindh Province and it poses a major threat to cotton grown in the region. References: (1) R. W. Briddon et al. Mol. Biotechnol. 20:315, 2002. (2). S. Mansoor et al. Arch. Virol. 148:1969, 2003.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mansoor
- Plant Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - L Amrao
- Plant Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - I Amin
- Plant Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - R W Briddon
- Plant Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - K A Malik
- Plant Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Y Zafar
- Plant Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Amin I, Mansoor S, Amrao L, Hussain M, Irum S, Zafar Y, Bull SE, Briddon RW. Mobilisation into cotton and spread of a recombinant cotton leaf curl disease satellite. Arch Virol 2006; 151:2055-65. [PMID: 16732497 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of a DNA beta satellite associated with a recently identified cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) strain indicated it to be recombinant, with most of the molecule originating from CLCuD DNA beta but with some sequence from a satellite isolated from tomato. Analysis of both archival (pre 2001) and recent cotton samples, shows the recombinant satellite is confined to a small area but was not present in cotton prior to 2001. This indicates that the recombinant DNA beta was recently mobilized into cotton, likely from tomato, and that recombination plays a role in the evolution of these satellites.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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El-Mofty M, El-Darouty M, Salonas M, Bosseila M, Sobeih S, Leheta T, Nada H, Tawdy A, Amin I, El-Enany G. Narrow band UVB (311 nm), psoralen UVB (311 nm) and PUVA therapy in the treatment of early-stage mycosis fungoides: a right-left comparative study. Photoderm Photoimm Photomed 2005; 21:281-6. [PMID: 16313238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2005.00183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) is a widely used first-line therapy for treatment of early cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Narrow band UVB (UVB-NB) (311 nm) has been recently introduced as another effective line of treatment. It is postulated that the efficacy of UVB-NB could be enhanced by addition of psoralen. AIM The aim of the present work was to compare the clinical and histopathologic efficacy of PUVA and UVB-NB in the treatment of early-stage MF (stages IA, IB and IIA), and to evaluate whether psoralen adds to the efficacy of UVB-NB or not. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty patients (stage IA, IB or IIA) were divided into two equal groups: group I received UVB-NB on the right body half vs. PUVA on the left side of the body for 48 sessions, and group II received PUVB-NB on the right side of the body vs. PUVA on the left side for 36 sessions. The sessions were administered three times weekly. RESULTS In group I, almost equal results were obtained on both sides, i.e., UVB-NB and PUVA were equally effective in the treatment of early stages of MF, both clinically and histopathologically. In group II, PUVB-NB was found to be as effective as conventional PUVA in the treatment of early-stage mycosis fungoides, also on both clinical and histopathological grounds. CONCLUSION UVB-NB phototherapy should be included among the initial therapeutic options of mycosis fungoides in view of its efficacy, convenience, and likelihood of fewer long-term adverse effects. Addition of psoralen does not seem to enhance its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El-Mofty
- Phototherapy Unit, Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Callaghan CJ, Lynch AG, Amin I, Fazel M, Lindop MJ, Gaunt ME, Varty K. Overnight Intensive Recovery: Elective Open Aortic Surgery Without a Routine ICU Bed. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005; 30:252-8. [PMID: 16061164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2005.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 03/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most patients are managed on the intensive care unit (ICU) after elective open aortic surgery. We preoperatively identify patients suitable for extubation in theatre with overnight management in theatre recovery before discharge back to the ward (overnight intensive recovery (OIR)). The safety of this was investigated. DESIGN Retrospective case note analysis of all patients who underwent EOAS from 1998 to 2002, recording in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Physiological and operative severity score for the enUmeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) data were collected prospectively. METHODS Patients were divided into those selected for OIR and those booked for elective ICU admission. Observed morbidity and mortality data were compared with predicted outcomes generated by Portsmouth-POSSUM and POSSUM equations. RESULTS Hundred and fifty-two out of 178 patients used OIR; 155 patients had abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. The elective ICU group had significantly higher anaesthetic risk scores (ASA grade), larger AAA, greater intraoperative blood loss and longer operations. In the OIR group, ten patients (7%) needed ICU admission within 48h postoperatively. Complications occurred in 85/152, with two deaths. There was no excess morbidity or mortality in the OIR group (predicted 95% CI 83-105 and 5-17, respectively). CONCLUSION Most patients having elective open aortic surgery can be managed safely using OIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Callaghan
- Cambridge Vascular Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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Ruzaidi A, Amin I, Nawalyah AG, Hamid M, Faizul HA. The effect of Malaysian cocoa extract on glucose levels and lipid profiles in diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 98:55-60. [PMID: 15763363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the effect of cocoa extract on serum glucose levels and lipid profiles in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Cocoa extract (contained 285.6 mg total polyphenol per gram extract) was prepared from fermented and roasted (140 degrees C, 20 min) beans by extracting using 80% ethanol in the ratio of 1-10. The extract of three dosages (1, 2, and 3%) was fed to normal and diabetic rats for a period of 4 weeks. In hyperglycaemic group, cocoa extract (1 and 3%) diets were found to significantly lower (p<0.05) the serum glucose levels compared to the control. Furthermore, supplementation of 1 and 3% cocoa extract had significantly reduced (p<0.05) the level of total cholesterol in diabetic rats. In addition, 1, 2, and 3% cocoa extract diets had significantly lowered (p<0.05) the total triglycerides. Interestingly, this study found that serum HDL-cholesterol had increased significantly (p<0.05) in diabetic rats fed with 2% cocoa extract, while the LDL-cholesterol had decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the 1% treated group. These results indicate that cocoa extract may possess potential hypoglycaemic and hypocholestrolemic effects on serum glucose levels and lipid profiles, respectively. The results also found that the effect of cocoa extract was dose-dependent.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Cacao/chemistry
- Cholesterol, HDL/blood
- Cholesterol, HDL/drug effects
- Cholesterol, LDL/blood
- Cholesterol, LDL/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Eating/drug effects
- Malaysia/ethnology
- Male
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Streptozocin/administration & dosage
- Streptozocin/adverse effects
- Triglycerides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Triglycerides/blood
- Weight Loss/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruzaidi
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
This study investigated the effect of cacao liquor extract (CLE) on tumor marker enzymes--alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities--in plasma and/or liver of hepatocarcinogenic rats, which were induced with diethylnitrosamine and 2-acetylaminofluorene. Twenty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 150-330 g) were divided into four groups (n = 6-8): normal control group (N), normal group + CLE (NE), cancer group (C), and cancer group + CLE (CE). Analysis of variance showed significant differences (P<.05) in the specific activities of ALP, GGT, and GST between the C and N groups. However, GR activity for the C group was not significantly different compared with the N group. In the CE group, the specific activities of ALP, GGT, GST, and GR were significantly lower (P<.05) compared with the C group. The findings showed that CLE could lower the activity of tumor marker enzymes of rats during hepatocarcinogenesis. Based on the results obtained, polyphenol compounds present in the cacao liquor, extracted by using ethanol, have the potential in decreasing the severity of hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Amin
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Amin I, Mansoor S, Iram S, Khan MA, Hussain M, Zafar Y, Bull SE, Briddon RW, Markham PG. Association of a Monopartite Begomovirus Producing Subgenomic DNA and a Distinct DNA Beta on Croton bonplandianus Showing Yellow Vein Symptoms in Pakistan. Plant Dis 2002; 86:444. [PMID: 30818738 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2002.86.4.444b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery that monopartite begomoviruses on ageratum and cotton essentially require a DNA satellite called DNA β (2,4) is leading to identification of several other hosts that have similar disease complexes. A weed species (Croton bonplandianus) belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae is one such example. C. bonplandianus is widely distributed on wastelands throughout the Punjab Province in Pakistan. It very often shows yellow vein symptoms indicating infection by a begomovirus. To detect a begomovirus, both symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were collected from several widely separated locations in the Punjab Province. Total DNA was isolated from these samples by the cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) method, resolved in an agarose gel, and blotted on a nylon membrane (2). A full-length clone of DNA A of Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) labeled with 32PdCTP was used as a probe in Southern hybridization (2). The probe detected hybridizing bands only in symptomatic plants, confirming the presence of a begomovirus. In addition to hybridizing bands of the expected sizes, smaller bands were also detected, suggesting the presence of subgenomic molecules derived from DNA A. Universal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for dicot-infecting geminiviruses (1) were used in PCR for amplification of DNA A of the begomovirus associated with the disease. The use of these primers in PCR was expected to result in amplification of full-length DNA A. In addition to a product of the expected size (2.7 to 2.8 kb), another product of approximately 1.4 kb was amplified. The presence of subgenomic DNAs that are derived from DNA A is an indicator of the monopartite nature of begomoviruses, because in bipartite begomoviruses subgenomic DNAs are derived solely from DNA B. The presence of a DNA β, a DNA satellite associated with certain monopartite begomoviruses, was suspected because of symptoms and the possible monopartite nature of the virus. Universal primers for amplification of DNA β (3) were used in PCR for amplification of a putative DNA β. The PCR reaction yielded a product of expected size (≈1.4 kb). A probe from the amplified product was made by the oligolabeling method. The probe detected hybridizing bands in all symptomatic samples collected from three locations, confirming the association of a DNA β with the disease. A duplicate blot when hybridized with a DNA β associated with ageratum yellow vein disease did not hybridize to these samples. These results confirm that yellow vein disease on this weed is associated with a monopartite begomovirus and a distinct DNA β. References: (1) R. W. Briddon et al. Mol. Biotechnol. 1:202, 1994. (2) R. W. Briddon et al. Virology 285:234, 2001. (3) R. W. Briddon et al. Mol. Biotechnol. In press. (4) K. Saunders et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 97:6890, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Iram
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M A Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Hussain
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Y Zafar
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S E Bull
- Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - R W Briddon
- Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - P G Markham
- Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Briddon RW, Bull SE, Mansoor S, Amin I, Markham PG. Universal primers for the PCR-mediated amplification of DNA beta: a molecule associated with some monopartite begomoviruses. Mol Biotechnol 2002; 20:315-8. [PMID: 11936260 DOI: 10.1385/mb:20:3:315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA beta is an approx 1350 nucleotide, single-stranded DNA molecule which has been shown to be associated with some monopartite geminiviruses of the genus Begomovirus. This component requires the helper begomovirus for replication in the cells of host plants and for insect transmission, possibly by trans-encapsidation. Sequence comparisons of the two available DNA beta sequences has identified a highly conserved region upstream of a predicted hairpin structure. Abutting primers designed to this conserved region allows PCR-mediated amplification of the full-length DNA beta component from total nucleic acid extracts isolated from infected plants originating from a variety of geographically distinct sources and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Briddon
- Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.
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Mansoor S, Amin I, Hussain M, Zafar Y, Bull S, Briddon RW, Markham PG. Association of a Disease Complex Involving a Begomovirus, DNA 1 and a Distinct DNA Beta with Leaf Curl Disease of Okra in Pakistan. Plant Dis 2001; 85:922. [PMID: 30823073 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2001.85.8.922b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Okra leaf curl disease (OLCD), characterized by either upward or downward leaf curl and stunted plant growth, is one of the major diseases of okra (Hibiscus esculentis L.) in Pakistan. OLCD is transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci and is suspected of being associated with a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus (Genus Begomovirus). Total DNAs isolated from both symptomatic and healthy okra plants collected from several locations in Pakistan were resolved on agarose gels and blotted to nylon membranes. A full-length DNA A clone of Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) from Pakistan (2) was labeled with 32PdCTP and used as a probe at medium stringency. The probe detected the presence of characteristic geminivirus DNA forms in infected plants, while no hybridization was observed to healthy plant extracts, confirming the association of a begomovirus with OLCD. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on conserved sequences of DNA B components of begomoviruses were used in PCR for the detection of a potential DNA B (3). No amplification was observed with these primers from okra plants, while amplification of a product of expected size was obtained from plants infected with African cassava mosaic virus, suggesting the lack of a genomic component equivalent to DNA B. We have reported previously that monopartite begomoviruses on cotton and Ageratum conyzoides in Pakistan are associated with a disease complex involving a DNA component termed DNA 1, which shows homology to components of nanoviruses that encode the replication-associated protein (2). Recently, another molecule, DNA beta, has been identified, associated with Ageratum yellow vein disease from Singapore (4) and with cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) from Pakistan (1). These molecules are DNAs satellite and are essential for the development of typical disease symptoms in their respective hosts. Duplicate blots were probed for the presence of DNAs homologous to DNA 1 and DNA beta (using full-length clones of these molecules isolated from CLCuD originating from Pakistan [1,2]) and washed at medium stringency. The probes detected bands hybridizing to DNA 1 in extracts from infected okra plants but not DNA beta. No hybridizing bands were detected for either probe in extracts from healthy okra. A pair of primers, designed to conserved sequences in DNA beta molecules (4), were used in PCR for the amplification of DNA beta from symptomatic plants. The use of these primers amplified a product of the expected size (approximately 1.35 kb) from extracts of infected okra plants. The amplified DNA was cloned in TA cloning vector and labeled with 32PdCTP. The use of this as a probe detected the presence of a hybridizing band in infected okra plants, while no signal was observed in extracts from cotton plants showing symptoms of CLCuD. These results show that OLCD in Pakistan is associated with a DNA beta molecule that is distinct from that reported on cotton and Ageratum. In particular, the DNA beta of CLCuD and OLCD originating from Pakistan are sufficiently diverse not to cross-hybridize under the conditions used here, and are most likely different disease complexes. To our knowledge this is the first report of the association of a whitefly-transmitted begomovirus/DNA 1/DNA beta complex with okra leaf curl disease. References: (1) R. W. Briddon et al. Virology, 2001 (In press). (2) S. Mansoor et al. Virology 259:190, 1999. (3) M R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77: 340, 1993. (4) K. Saunders et al. PNAS 97:6890, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - I Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Hussain
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Y Zafar
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Bull
- Dept. of Virus Research, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K
| | - R W Briddon
- Dept. of Virus Research, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K
| | - P G Markham
- Dept. of Virus Research, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K
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Mansoor S, Mukhtar S, Hussain M, Amin I, Zafar Y, Malik KA, Markham PG. Widespread Occurrence of Cotton leaf curl virus on Radish in Pakistan. Plant Dis 2000; 84:809. [PMID: 30832124 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2000.84.7.809b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) in Pakistan started in 1988 with the natural host range limited to a few plant species in the family Malvaceae. However, we have observed expansion in the host range of the virus, and several non-Malvaceous plants were found to be infected with the virus. Characteristic symptoms of CLCuD such as leaf curl and enations have been observed on radish plants, primarily in kitchen gardens. However, in 1999, levels of infection of 10 to 90% were observed both in commercial fields and kitchen gardens in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Both symptomatic and nonsymptomatic samples were collected from five different locations. Total DNA was isolated, dot-blotted on nylon membrane, and a full-length clone corresponding to DNA A of cotton leaf curl virus was labeled with 32P dCTP and used as a probe for the detection of a begomovirus. Strong signals were observed in symptomatic plants while no signals were observed in nonsymptomatic plants. Infection with a begomovirus was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers for DNA A (1). Primers specific for the two distinct begomoviruses associated with CLCuD were also used in PCR reactions (2), and products of the expected size were obtained from all symptomatic samples, confirming infection with begomoviruses similar to those associated with CLCuD. A full-length probe of a nanovirus-like molecule associated with cotton leaf disease (3), called DNA 1 was labeled with 32P dCTP and detected the virus only in symptomatic plants. Similarly, primers specific for DNA 1 (3) amplified a product of expected size when used in PCR. On the basis of symptomatology and the detection of specific viral components associated with the disease, we confirmed that radish plants are infected with Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV). Since radish is a short duration crop, infection of CLCuV in radish may not serve as a direct source of infection for the next cotton crop. However, it is a potential threat to tomato crops which overlap with radish in the Punjab province. The detection of CLCuD in radish is another example of the mobilization of begomoviruses to previously unknown hosts. References: (1) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (2) S. Mansoor et al. Pak. J. Bot. 31:115, 1999. (3) Mansoor et al. Virology 259:190, 1999.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Mukhtar
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Hussain
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - I Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Y Zafar
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - K A Malik
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - P G Markham
- Department of Virus Research, John Innes Centre, Norwich, U.K
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Fimiani C, Liberty T, Aquirre AJ, Amin I, Ali N, Stefano GB. Opiate, cannabinoid, and eicosanoid signaling converges on common intracellular pathways nitric oxide coupling. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 1999; 57:23-34. [PMID: 10367294 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(98)00068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Scientific fields as they emerge initially appear to be unrelated to other projects even if they are in a similar area of interest. This is especially true in the case of opiate, cannabinoid, and eicosanoid signaling processes. In this limited speculative review, we attempt to examine aspects of their intracellular cascading signaling systems for their commonalities. We find intracellular calcium mobilization, nuclear factor kappa B involvement, adenylate cyclase activity, and, finally, constitutive nitric oxide release to be converging points for these signaling processes, occurring by separate and distinct receptor-mediated effector systems. Phosphokinase C, mitogen activated protein kinase, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 also represent points of common impact. In this regard, aspirin also appears to be involved in an aspect of this signaling convergence. We conclude that many of the physiological observations regarding the actions of these signaling molecules, for example, immunosuppression, neurotransmission, vasodilation, cellular adherence, and cytotoxicity, can now be understood by considering their converging biochemical cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fimiani
- Neuroscience Research Institute, State University of New York at Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
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