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Ashoorzadeh A, Mowday AM, Abbattista MR, Guise CP, Bull MR, Silva S, Patterson AV, Smaill JB. Design and Biological Evaluation of Piperazine-Bearing Nitrobenzamide Hypoxia/GDEPT Prodrugs: The Discovery of CP-506. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1517-1523. [PMID: 37974941 PMCID: PMC10641903 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Off-target aerobic activation of PR-104A by human aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) has confounded the development of this dual hypoxia/gene therapy prodrug. Previous attempts to design prodrugs resistant to AKR1C3 activation have resulted in candidates that require further optimization. Herein we report the evaluation of a lipophilic series of PR-104A analogues in which a piperazine moiety has been introduced to improve drug-like properties. Octanol-water partition coefficients (LogD7.4) spanned >2 orders of magnitude. 2D antiproliferative and 3D multicellular clonogenic assays using isogenic HCT116 and H1299 cells confirmed that all examples were resistant to AKR1C3 metabolism while producing an E. coli NfsA nitroreductase-mediated bystander effect. Prodrugs 16, 17, and 20 demonstrated efficacy in H1299 xenografts where only a minority of tumor cells express NfsA. These prodrugs and their bromo/mesylate counterparts (25-27) were also evaluated for hypoxia-selective cell killing in vitro. These results in conjunction with stability assays recommended prodrug 26 (CP-506) for Phase I/II clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ashoorzadeh
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Alexandra M. Mowday
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maria R. Abbattista
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christopher P. Guise
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Matthew R. Bull
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Shevan Silva
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Adam V. Patterson
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jeff B. Smaill
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Yaromina A, Koi L, Schuitmaker L, van der Wiel AMMA, Dubois LJ, Krause M, Lambin P. Overcoming radioresistance with the hypoxia-activated prodrug CP-506: A pre-clinical study of local tumour control probability. Radiother Oncol 2023; 186:109738. [PMID: 37315579 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tumour hypoxia is an established radioresistance factor. A novel hypoxia-activated prodrug CP-506 has been proven to selectively target hypoxic tumour cells and to cause anti-tumour activity. The current study investigates whether CP-506 improves outcome of radiotherapy in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice bearing FaDu and UT-SCC-5 xenografts were randomized to receive 5 daily injections of CP-506/vehicle followed by single dose (SD) irradiation. In addition, CP-506 was combined once per week with fractionated irradiation (30 fractions/6 weeks). Animals were followed-up to score all recurrences. In parallel, tumours were harvested to evaluate pimonidazole hypoxia, DNA damage (γH2AX), expression of oxidoreductases. RESULTS CP-506 treatment significantly increased local control rate after SD in FaDu, 62% vs. 27% (p = 0.024). In UT-SCC-5, this effect was not curative and only marginally significant. CP-506 induced significant DNA damage in FaDu (p = 0.009) but not in UT- SCC-5. Hypoxic volume (HV) was significantly smaller (p = 0.038) after pretreatment with CP-506 as compared to vehicle in FaDu but not in less responsive UT-SCC-5. Adding CP-506 to fractionated radiotherapy in FaDu did not result in significant benefit. CONCLUSION The results support the use of CP-506 in combination with radiation in particular using hypofractionation schedules in hypoxic tumours. The magnitude of effect depends on the tumour model, therefore it is expected that applying appropriate patient stratification strategy will further enhance the benefit of CP-506 treatment for cancer patients. A phase I-IIA clinical trial of CP-506 in monotherapy or in combination with carboplatin or a checkpoint inhibitor has been approved (NCT04954599).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Yaromina
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Lydia Koi
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lesley Schuitmaker
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ludwig Jerome Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mechthild Krause
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), core center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Chen G, Wu K, Li H, Xia D, He T. Role of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and targeted therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:961637. [PMID: 36212414 PMCID: PMC9545774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.961637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME), which is characterized by hypoxia, widely exists in solid tumors. As a current research hotspot in the TME, hypoxia is expected to become a key element to break through the bottleneck of tumor treatment. More and more research results show that a variety of biological behaviors of tumor cells are affected by many factors in TME which are closely related to hypoxia. In order to inhibiting the immune response in TME, hypoxia plays an important role in tumor cell metabolism and anti-apoptosis. Therefore, exploring the molecular mechanism of hypoxia mediated malignant tumor behavior and therapeutic targets is expected to provide new ideas for anti-tumor therapy. In this review, we discussed the effects of hypoxia on tumor behavior and its interaction with TME from the perspectives of immune cells, cell metabolism, oxidative stress and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), and listed the therapeutic targets or signal pathways found so far. Finally, we summarize the current therapies targeting hypoxia, such as glycolysis inhibitors, anti-angiogenesis drugs, HIF inhibitors, hypoxia-activated prodrugs, and hyperbaric medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiwen Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Li
- Deparment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiang Su University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Demeng Xia
- Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Demeng Xia, ; Tianlin He,
| | - Tianlin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Demeng Xia, ; Tianlin He,
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