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Bergman PJ. Cancer Immunotherapy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:441-468. [PMID: 38158304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The enhanced understanding of immunology experienced over the last 5 decades afforded through the tools of molecular biology has recently translated into cancer immunotherapy becoming one of the most exciting and rapidly expanding fields. Human cancer immunotherapy is now recognized as one of the pillars of treatment alongside surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The field of veterinary cancer immunotherapy has also rapidly advanced in the last decade with a handful of commercially available products and a plethora of investigational cancer immunotherapies, which will hopefully expand our veterinary oncology treatment toolkit over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Bergman
- Clinical Studies, VCA; Katonah Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hills, NY, USA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Fadera S, Chukwu C, Stark AH, Yue Y, Xu L, Chien CY, Yuan J, Chen H. Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Delivery of Anti-Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Antibody to the Brain of a Porcine Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2479. [PMID: 37896238 PMCID: PMC10610297 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by leveraging the body's immune system to combat cancer cells. However, its effectiveness in brain cancer is hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), impeding the delivery of ICIs to brain tumor cells. This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of using focused ultrasound combined with microbubble-mediated BBB opening (FUS-BBBO) to facilitate trans-BBB delivery of an ICI, anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 antibody (aPD-L1) to the brain of a large animal model. In a porcine model, FUS sonication of targeted brain regions was performed after intravenous microbubble injection, which was followed by intravenous administration of aPD-L1 labeled with a near-infrared fluorescent dye. The permeability of the BBB was evaluated using contrast-enhanced MRI in vivo, while fluorescence imaging and histological analysis were conducted on ex vivo pig brains. Results showed a significant 4.8-fold increase in MRI contrast-enhancement volume in FUS-targeted regions compared to nontargeted regions. FUS sonication enhanced aPD-L1 delivery by an average of 2.1-fold, according to fluorescence imaging. In vivo MRI and ex vivo staining revealed that the procedure did not cause significant acute tissue damage. These findings demonstrate that FUS-BBBO offers a noninvasive, localized, and safe delivery approach for ICI delivery in a large animal model, showcasing its potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siaka Fadera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chinwendu Chukwu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Andrew H. Stark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yimei Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chih-Yen Chien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinyun Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (S.F.); (Y.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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