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Rajput S, Gautam D, Vats A, Rana C, Behera M, Roshan M, Ludri A, De S. Adaptive Selection in the Evolution of Aquaglyceroporins in Mammals. J Mol Evol 2023:10.1007/s00239-023-10112-5. [PMID: 37149832 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins responsible for water transport across cellular membranes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A subfamily of AQPs, known as aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs), facilitate the transport of small solutes such as glycerol, water, and other solutes across cellular membranes. These proteins are involved in a variety of physiological processes, such as organogenesis, wound healing, and hydration. Although AQPs have been studied extensively in different species, their conservation patterns, phylogenetic relationships, and evolution in mammals remain unexplored. In the present study, 119 AQGP coding sequences from 31 mammalian species were analysed to identify conserved residues, gene organisation, and most importantly, the nature of AQGP gene selection. Repertoire analysis revealed the absence of AQP7, 9, and 10 genes in certain species of Primates, Rodentia, and Diprotodontia, although not all three genes were absent in a single species. Two Asparagine-Proline-Alanine (NPA) motifs located at the N- and C-terminal ends, aspartic acid (D) residues, and the ar/R region were conserved in AQP3, 9, and 10. Six exons encoding the functional MIP domain of AQGP genes were found to be conserved across mammalian species. Evolutionary analysis indicated signatures of positive selection in AQP7, 9, and 10 amongst different mammalian lineages. Furthermore, substitutions of certain amino acids located close to critical residues may alter AQGP functionality, which is crucial for substrate selectivity, pore formation, and transport efficiency required for the maintenance of homeostasis in different mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiveeli Rajput
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Animal Genomics Lab, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), AGL, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Devika Gautam
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Animal Genomics Lab, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), AGL, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Ashutosh Vats
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Animal Genomics Lab, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), AGL, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Chanchal Rana
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Animal Genomics Lab, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), AGL, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Manisha Behera
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Mayank Roshan
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Animal Genomics Lab, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), AGL, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Ashutosh Ludri
- Department of Animal Physiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Sachinandan De
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Animal Genomics Lab, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), AGL, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the aquaporin gene family reveals the role in the salinity adaptability in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1457-1469. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Drechsel V, Schneebauer G, Fiechtner B, Cutler CP, Pelster B. Aquaporin expression and cholesterol content in eel swimbladder tissue. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:609-618. [PMID: 34882794 PMCID: PMC9302985 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Leakiness of the swimbladder wall of teleost fishes must be prevented to avoid diffusional loss of gases out of the swimbladder. Guanine incrustation as well as high concentrations of cholesterol in swimbladder membranes in midwater and deep-sea fish has been connected to a reduced gas permeability of the swimbladder wall. On the contrary, the swimbladder is filled by diffusion of gases, mainly oxygen and CO2 , from the blood and the gas gland cells into the swimbladder lumen. In swimbladder tissue of the zebrafish and the Japanese eel, aquaporin mRNA has been detected, and the aquaporin protein has been considered important for the diffusion of water, which may accidentally be gulped by physostome fish when taking an air breath. In the present study, the expression of two aquaporin 1 genes (Aqp1aa and Aqp1ab) in the swimbladder tissue of the European eel, a functional physoclist fish, was assessed using immunohistochemistry, and the expression of both genes was detected in endothelial cells of swimbladder capillaries as well as in basolateral membranes of gas gland cells. In addition, Aqp1ab was present in apical membranes of swimbladder gas gland cells. The authors also found high concentrations of cholesterol in these membranes, which were several fold higher than in muscle tissue membranes. In yellow eels the cholesterol concentration exceeded the concentration detected in silver eel swimbladder membranes. The authors suggest that aquaporin 1 in swimbladder gas gland cells and endothelial cells facilitates CO2 diffusion into the blood, enhancing the switch-on of the Root effect, which is essential for the secretion of oxygen into the swimbladder. It may also facilitate CO2 diffusion into the swimbladder lumen along the partial gradient established by CO2 production in gas gland cells. Cholesterol has been shown to reduce the gas permeability of membranes and thus could contribute to the gas tightness of swimbladder membranes, which is essential to avoid diffusional loss of gas out of the swimbladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Drechsel
- Institute of ZoologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Center for Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Gabriel Schneebauer
- Institute of ZoologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Center for Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Birgit Fiechtner
- Institute of ZoologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Center for Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Bernd Pelster
- Institute of ZoologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Center for Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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Jia Y, Xu F, Liu X. Duplication and subsequent functional diversification of aquaporin family in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 168:107392. [PMID: 35033672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a group of proteins that evolved to mediate specific permeation of water and other small solutes, playing important roles in osmoregulation and nutrition, especially for aquatic animals. Genome-wide characterization of the AQP family in a typical mollusc, Pacific abalone, suggested that tandem duplication and retroduplication led to the dramatic expansion and diversification of AQP genes. Structural analysis indicated that tandem duplicated AQPs showed abnormal characteristics. The conserved amino acids in the key site of the Ar/R region were replaced by the others. These substitutions altered the pore diameter and properties of the inner surface and could accommodate the pass through of other molecules except water. Functional analysis indicated that abnormal Ar/R region of the tandemly adjacent members led to the different permeability, suggesting the neofunctionalization of tandemly duplicated genes. Mutation analysis indicated that at the key site of Ar/R region, just a single amino acid substitute could alter the permeability of HdAQPs, further explaining the mechanism of neofunctionalization between the tandem duplicated HdAQPs. Our observations provided strong evidence that duplication and subsequent neofunctionalization have led to structural and functional diversity of AQPs in Pacific abalone, providing insights into the evolution of AQPs in molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglei Jia
- Fishery College of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Fishery College of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang X, Yu P, Wen H, Qi X, Tian Y, Zhang K, Fu Q, Li Y, Li C. Genome-Wide Characterization of Aquaporins (aqps) in Lateolabrax maculatus: Evolution and Expression Patterns During Freshwater Acclimation. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:696-709. [PMID: 34595589 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin (aqp) proteins are a group of small integral membrane proteins that play crucial roles as pore channels for the transport of water and other small solutes across the cell membrane. In our study, we identified 17 aqp genes from the spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) genomic database. Gene organization, motif distribution, and selection pressure analyses were performed to investigate their evolutionary characteristics. The aqp mRNA displayed tissue-specific expression pattern in ten selected tissues of healthy spotted sea bass. To investigate the potential involvement of spotted sea bass aqps in osmoregulation, the expression profiles of aqp genes in gills were examined during freshwater (FW) acclimation using qRT-PCR. The mRNA level of aqp3a was dramatically induced during 1-3 day of the FW transition period (77-fold and 15-fold upregulated on 1 day and 3 day than in the control group), indicating that aqp3a may play an important hypo-osmoregulatory role in spotted sea bass. In addition, the expression levels of aqp1aa, aqp1ab, aqp3b, aqp7, and aqp9b increased to various degrees at 1 day after transferring to FW, suggesting their potential involvement in the FW acclimation process. Our study provides a valuable foundation for future studies aimed at uncovering the specific roles of aqp genes during salinity acclimation in spotted sea bass and other teleost species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Peng Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Unravelling the Complex Duplication History of Deuterostome Glycerol Transporters. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071663. [PMID: 32664262 PMCID: PMC7408487 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane glycerol transport is an ancient biophysical property that evolved in selected subfamilies of water channel (aquaporin) proteins. Here, we conducted broad level genome (>550) and transcriptome (>300) analyses to unravel the duplication history of the glycerol-transporting channels (glps) in Deuterostomia. We found that tandem duplication (TD) was the major mechanism of gene expansion in echinoderms and hemichordates, which, together with whole genome duplications (WGD) in the chordate lineage, continued to shape the genomic repertoires in craniates. Molecular phylogenies indicated that aqp3-like and aqp13-like channels were the probable stem subfamilies in craniates, with WGD generating aqp9 and aqp10 in gnathostomes but aqp7 arising through TD in Osteichthyes. We uncovered separate examples of gene translocations, gene conversion, and concerted evolution in humans, teleosts, and starfishes, with DNA transposons the likely drivers of gene rearrangements in paleotetraploid salmonids. Currently, gene copy numbers and BLAST are poor predictors of orthologous relationships due to asymmetric glp gene evolution in the different lineages. Such asymmetries can impact estimations of divergence times by millions of years. Experimental investigations of the salmonid channels demonstrated that approximately half of the 20 ancestral paralogs are functional, with neofunctionalization occurring at the transcriptional level rather than the protein transport properties. The combined findings resolve the origins and diversification of glps over >800 million years old and thus form the novel basis for proposing a pandeuterostome glp gene nomenclature.
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Adrian-Kalchhauser I, Blomberg A, Larsson T, Musilova Z, Peart CR, Pippel M, Solbakken MH, Suurväli J, Walser JC, Wilson JY, Alm Rosenblad M, Burguera D, Gutnik S, Michiels N, Töpel M, Pankov K, Schloissnig S, Winkler S. The round goby genome provides insights into mechanisms that may facilitate biological invasions. BMC Biol 2020; 18:11. [PMID: 31992286 PMCID: PMC6988351 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The invasive benthic round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is the most successful temperate invasive fish and has spread in aquatic ecosystems on both sides of the Atlantic. Invasive species constitute powerful in situ experimental systems to study fast adaptation and directional selection on short ecological timescales and present promising case studies to understand factors involved the impressive ability of some species to colonize novel environments. We seize the unique opportunity presented by the round goby invasion to study genomic substrates potentially involved in colonization success. Results We report a highly contiguous long-read-based genome and analyze gene families that we hypothesize to relate to the ability of these fish to deal with novel environments. The analyses provide novel insights from the large evolutionary scale to the small species-specific scale. We describe expansions in specific cytochrome P450 enzymes, a remarkably diverse innate immune system, an ancient duplication in red light vision accompanied by red skin fluorescence, evolutionary patterns of epigenetic regulators, and the presence of osmoregulatory genes that may have contributed to the round goby’s capacity to invade cold and salty waters. A recurring theme across all analyzed gene families is gene expansions. Conclusions The expanded innate immune system of round goby may potentially contribute to its ability to colonize novel areas. Since other gene families also feature copy number expansions in the round goby, and since other Gobiidae also feature fascinating environmental adaptations and are excellent colonizers, further long-read genome approaches across the goby family may reveal whether gene copy number expansions are more generally related to the ability to conquer new habitats in Gobiidae or in fish. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-019-0731-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Adrian-Kalchhauser
- Program Man-Society-Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Bern, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Austria.
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Larsson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Musilova
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Claire R Peart
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Pippel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Monica Hongroe Solbakken
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaanus Suurväli
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47a, 50674, Köln, Germany
| | - Jean-Claude Walser
- Genetic Diversity Centre, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Yvonne Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Magnus Alm Rosenblad
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden.,NBIS Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Life Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Demian Burguera
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Gutnik
- Biocenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nico Michiels
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mats Töpel
- University of Bern, Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Austria
| | - Kirill Pankov
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Siegfried Schloissnig
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylke Winkler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Chauvigné F, Yilmaz O, Ferré A, Fjelldal PG, Finn RN, Cerdà J. The vertebrate Aqp14 water channel is a neuropeptide-regulated polytransporter. Commun Biol 2019; 2:462. [PMID: 31840107 PMCID: PMC6906440 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water channels (aquaporins) were originally discovered in mammals with fourteen subfamilies now identified (AQP0-13). Here we show that a functional Aqp14 subfamily phylogenetically related to AQP4-type channels exists in all vertebrate lineages except hagfishes and eutherian mammals. In contrast to the water-selective classical aquaporins, which have four aromatic-arginine constriction residues, Aqp14 proteins present five non-aromatic constriction residues and facilitate the permeation of water, urea, ammonia, H2O2 and glycerol. Immunocytochemical assays suggest that Aqp14 channels play important osmoregulatory roles in piscine seawater adaptation. Our data indicate that Aqp14 intracellular trafficking is tightly regulated by the vasotocinergic/isotocinergic neuropeptide and receptor systems, whereby protein kinase C and A transduction pathways phosphorylate highly conserved C-terminal residues to control channel plasma membrane insertion. The neuropeptide regulation of Aqp14 channels thus predates the vasotocin/vasopressin regulation of AQP2-5-6 orthologs observed in tetrapods. These findings demonstrate that vertebrate Aqp14 channels represent an ancient subfamily of neuropeptide-regulated polytransporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chauvigné
- IRTA-Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
| | - Ozlem Yilmaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Alba Ferré
- IRTA-Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
| | - Per Gunnar Fjelldal
- Institute of Marine Research, Matre Aquaculture Research Station, 5984 Matredal, Norway
| | - Roderick Nigel Finn
- IRTA-Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Joan Cerdà
- IRTA-Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Spain
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Comparative Analysis of the aquaporin Gene Family in 12 Fish Species. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9050233. [PMID: 31086002 PMCID: PMC6562760 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aquaporins (Aqps) are a group of membrane proteins. In this study, 166 Aqp genes were identified in 12 fish species. Gene organization, motif distribution, recombination, and selection pressure were performed to investigate their evolutionary characteristics. In addition, expression profiles of Aqps were also examined under pathogens infection and organophosphorus pesticide stress. This study will provide a useful reference for further functional study. Abstract Aquaporins (Aqps) are a class of water channel proteins that play key roles in many physiological functions and cellular processes. Here, we analyzed 166 putative Aqp genes in 12 fish species and divided them into four groups. Gene organization and motif distribution analyses suggested potentially conserved functions in each group. Several recombination events were identified in some members, which accelerate their divergence in evolution. Furthermore, a few positive selection sites were identified, and mutations at these sites could alter the stability of Aqp proteins. In addition, expression profiles of some Aqp genes under pathogen infection and organophosphorus pesticide stress were also investigated. The result implied that several Aqp genes may affect different immune responses and osmoregulation. This study provides a comparative analysis of the fish Aqp gene family to facilitate further functional analyses.
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Lorente-Martínez H, Agorreta A, Torres-Sánchez M, San Mauro D. Evidence of positive selection suggests possible role of aquaporins in the water-to-land transition of mudskippers. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-018-0382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Isolation and characterization of Aquaporin 1 (AQP1), sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 (Na/K-ATPase α1), Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90), Heat Shock Cognate 71 (HSC71), Osmotic Stress Transcription Factor 1 (OSTF1) and Transcription Factor II B (TFIIB) genes from a euryhaline fish, Etroplus suratensis. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2783-2789. [PMID: 30194561 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the complete sequences of Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) gene and partial sequences of genes, Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 (Na/K-ATPase α1 subunit), Osmotic Stress Transcription Factor 1 (OSTF1), Transcription Factor II B (TFIIB), Heat Shock Cognate 71 (HSC71) and Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) obtained from mRNA and genomic DNA of Etroplus suratensis. They are candidate genes involved in stress responses of fishes. AQP1 gene was 2163 bp long. Its mRNA sequence has 55 bp 5' UTR, 783 bp open reading frame (ORF), 119 bp 3' UTR, three intronic regions and 90% identity with AQP1 of Oreochromis niloticus. The partial Na/K-ATPase α1subunit gene obtained 5998 bp length with an ORF of 2213 bp and 12 intronic regions. The partial OSTF1, TF IIB, HSC71 and HSP90 mRNA sequences obtained were 1473 bp, 587 bp, 1708 bp and 151 bp in length respectively. All the genes showed a high sequence similarity with respective genes reported from fishes. Comparison of AQP1 and Na/K-ATPase α1 genomic DNA sequence of E. suratensis collected from different water system showed two type of AQP1 with one synonymous mutation in exon-1 and higher sequence difference in intronic regions (including addition, deletion, transition and transversion mutations) with few synonymous and non-synonymous mutations in the exons of Na/K-ATPase α1. The sequence information of these major candidate genes involved in stress responses will help in further studies on population genetics, adaptive variations and genetic improvement programs of this cichlid species having aquaculture, ornamental and evolutionary importance.
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Chakraborty HJ, Rout AK, Behera BK, Parhi J, Parida PK, Das BK. Insights into the aquaporin 4 of zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) through evolutionary analysis, molecular modeling and structural dynamics. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Kirscht A, Sonntag Y, Kjellbom P, Johanson U. A structural preview of aquaporin 8 via homology modeling of seven vertebrate isoforms. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 18:2. [PMID: 29454339 PMCID: PMC5816522 DOI: 10.1186/s12900-018-0081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate the passage of small neutral polar molecules across membranes of the cell. In animals there are four distinct AQP subfamilies, whereof AQP8 homologues constitute one of the smallest subfamilies with just one member in man. AQP8 conducts water, ammonia, urea, glycerol and H2O2 through various membranes of animal cells. This passive channel has been connected to a number of phenomena, such as volume change of mitochondria, ammonia neurotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction related to oxidative stress. Currently, there is no experimentally determined structure of an AQP8, hence the structural understanding of this subfamily is limited. The recently solved structure of the plant AQP, AtTIP2;1, which has structural and functional features in common with AQP8s, has opened up for construction of homology models that are likely to be more accurate than previous models. Results Here we present homology models of seven vertebrate AQP8s. Modeling based on the AtTIP2;1 structure alone resulted in reasonable models except for the pore being blocked by a phenylalanine that is not present in AtTIP2;1. To achieve an open pore, these models were supplemented with models based on the bacterial water specific AQP, EcAqpZ, creating a chimeric monomeric model for each AQP8 isoform. The selectivity filter (also named the aromatic/arginine region), which defines the permeant substrate profile, comprises five amino acid residues in AtTIP2;1, including a histidine coming from loop C. Compared to AtTIP2;1, the selectivity filters of modelled AQP8s only deviates in that they are slightly more narrow and more hydrophobic due to a phenylalanine replacing the histidine from loop C. Interestingly, the models do not exclude the existence of a side pore beneath loop C similar to that described in the structure of AtTIP2;1. Conclusions Our models concur that AQP8s are likely to have an AtTIP2;1-like selectivity filter. The detailed description of the expected configuration of residues in the selectivity filters of AQP8s provides an excellent starting point for planning of as well as rationalizing the outcome of mutational studies. Our strategy to compile hybrid models based on several templates may prove useful also for other AQPs for which structural information is limited. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12900-018-0081-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kirscht
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yonathan Sonntag
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Kjellbom
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Urban Johanson
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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Expression Patterns of Atlantic Sturgeon ( Acipenser oxyrinchus) During Embryonic Development. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:533-542. [PMID: 27974440 PMCID: PMC5295599 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.036699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During teleost ontogeny the larval and embryonic stages are key stages, since failure during this period of tissue differentiation may cause malformations, developmental delays, poor growth, and massive mortalities. Despite the rapid advances in sequencing technologies, the molecular backgrounds of the development of economically important but endangered fish species like the Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) have not yet been thoroughly investigated. The current study examines the differential expression of transcripts involved in embryonic development of the Atlantic sturgeon. Addressing this goal, a reference transcriptome comprising eight stages was generated using an Illumina HiSequation 2500 platform. The constructed de novo assembly counted to 441,092 unfiltered and 179,564 filtered transcripts. Subsequently, the expression profile of four developmental stages ranging from early (gastrula) to late stages of prelarval development [2 d posthatching (dph)] were investigated applying an Illumina MiSeq platform. Differential expression analysis revealed distinct expression patterns among stages, especially between the two early and the two later stages. Transcripts upregulated at the two early stages were mainly enriched in transcripts linked to developmental processes, while transcripts expressed at the last two stages were mainly enriched in transcripts important to muscle contraction. Furthermore, important stage-specific expression has been detected for the hatching stage with transcripts enriched in molecule transport, and for the 2 dph stage with transcripts enriched in visual perception and lipid digestion. Our investigation represents a significant contribution to the understanding of Atlantic sturgeon embryonic development, and transcript characterization along with the differential expression results will significantly contribute to sturgeon research and aquaculture.
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Cerdà J, Chauvigné F, Finn RN. The Physiological Role and Regulation of Aquaporins in Teleost Germ Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 969:149-171. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1057-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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16
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Hasan MM, DeFaveri J, Kuure S, Dash SN, Lehtonen S, Merilä J, McCairns RJS. Kidney morphology and candidate gene expression shows plasticity in sticklebacks adapted to divergent osmotic environments. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:2175-2186. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.146027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel physiological challenges in different environments can promote the evolution of divergent phenotypes, either through plastic or genetic changes. Environmental salinity serves as a key barrier to the distribution of nearly all aquatic organisms, and species diversification is likely to be enabled by adaptation to alternative osmotic environments. The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a euryhaline species with populations found both in marine and freshwater environments. It has evolved both highly plastic and locally adapted phenotypes due to salinity-derived selection, but the physiological and genetic basis of adaptation to salinity is not fully understood. We integrated comparative cellular morphology of the kidney, a key organ for osmoregulation, and candidate gene expression to explore the underpinnings of evolved variation in osmotic plasticity within two populations of sticklebacks from distinct salinity zones in the Baltic Sea: the high salinity Kattegat, representative of the ancestral marine habitat, and the low salinity Bay of Bothnia. A common-garden experiment revealed that kidney morphology in the ancestral high salinity population had a highly plastic response to salinity conditions, whereas this plastic response was reduced in the low salinity population. Candidate gene expression in kidney tissue revealed a similar pattern of population-specific differences, with a higher degree of plasticity in the native high salinity population. Together these results suggest that renal cellular morphology has become canalized to low salinity, and that these structural differences may have functional implications for osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mehedi Hasan
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacquelin DeFaveri
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Kuure
- Institute of Biotechnology & Laboratory Animal Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Surjya N. Dash
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R. J. Scott McCairns
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 35042 Rennes, France
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17
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Genome Wide Identification, Phylogeny, and Expression of Aquaporin Genes in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166160. [PMID: 27935978 PMCID: PMC5147823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aquaporins (Aqps) are integral membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of water and small solutes across cell membranes. Among vertebrate species, Aqps are highly conserved in both gene structure and amino acid sequence. These proteins are vital for maintaining water homeostasis in living organisms, especially for aquatic animals such as teleost fish. Studies on teleost Aqps are mainly limited to several model species with diploid genomes. Common carp, which has a tetraploidized genome, is one of the most common aquaculture species being adapted to a wide range of aquatic environments. The complete common carp genome has recently been released, providing us the possibility for gene evolution of aqp gene family after whole genome duplication. Results In this study, we identified a total of 37 aqp genes from common carp genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of aqps are highly conserved. Comparative analysis was performed across five typical vertebrate genomes. We found that almost all of the aqp genes in common carp were duplicated in the evolution of the gene family. We postulated that the expansion of the aqp gene family in common carp was the result of an additional whole genome duplication event and that the aqp gene family in other teleosts has been lost in their evolution history with the reason that the functions of genes are redundant and conservation. Expression patterns were assessed in various tissues, including brain, heart, spleen, liver, intestine, gill, muscle, and skin, which demonstrated the comprehensive expression profiles of aqp genes in the tetraploidized genome. Significant gene expression divergences have been observed, revealing substantial expression divergences or functional divergences in those duplicated aqp genes post the latest WGD event. Conclusions To some extent, the gene families are also considered as a unique source for evolutionary studies. Moreover, the whole set of common carp aqp gene family provides an essential genomic resource for future biochemical, toxicological, physiological, and evolutionary studies in common carp.
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Farlora R, Valenzuela-Muñoz V, Chávez-Mardones J, Gallardo-Escárate C. Aquaporin family genes exhibit developmentally-regulated and host-dependent transcription patterns in the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi. Gene 2016; 585:119-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Chauvigné F, Fjelldal PG, Cerdà J, Finn RN. Auto-Adhesion Potential of Extraocular Aqp0 during Teleost Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154592. [PMID: 27153052 PMCID: PMC4859563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AQP0 water channels are the most abundant proteins expressed in the mammalian lens fiber membranes where they are essential for lens development and transparency. Unlike other aquaporin paralogs, mammalian AQP0 has a low intrinsic water permeability, but can form cell-to-cell junctions between the lens fibers. It is not known whether the adhesive properties of AQP0 is a derived feature found only in mammals, or exists as a conserved ancestral trait in non-mammalian vertebrates. Here we show that a tetraploid teleost, the Atlantic salmon, expresses four Aqp0 paralogs in the developing lens, but also expresses significant levels of aqp0 mRNAs and proteins in the epithelia of the pronephros, presumptive enterocytes, gill filament and epidermis. Quantitative PCR reveals that aqp0 mRNA titres increase by three orders of magnitude between the onset of somitogenesis and pigmentation of the eye. Using in situ hybridization and specific antisera, we show that at least two of the channels (Aqp0a1, -0b1 and/or -0b2) are localized in the extraocular basolateral and apical membranes, while Aqp0a2 is lens-specific. Heterologous expression of the Aqp0 paralogs in adhesion-deficient mouse fibolast L-cells reveals that, as for human AQP0, each intact salmon channel retains cell-to-cell adhesive properties. The strongest Aqp0 interactions are auto-adhesion, suggesting that homo-octamers likely form the intercellular junctions of the developing lens and epithelial tissues. The present data are thus the first to show the adhesion potential of Aqp0 channels in a non-mammalian vertebrate, and further uncover a novel extraocular role of the channels during vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chauvigné
- Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail: (RNF); (FC)
| | | | - Joan Cerdà
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roderick Nigel Finn
- Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail: (RNF); (FC)
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20
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Tine M. Evolutionary significance and diversification of the phosphoglucose isomerase genes in vertebrates. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:799. [PMID: 26682538 PMCID: PMC4684624 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) genes are important multifunctional proteins whose evolution has, until now, not been well elucidated because of the limited number of completely sequenced genomes. Although the multifunctionality of this gene family has been considered as an original and innate characteristic, PGI genes may have acquired novel functions through changes in coding sequences and exon/intron structure, which are known to lead to functional divergence after gene duplication. A whole-genome comparative approach was used to estimate the rates of molecular evolution of this protein family. Results The results confirm the presence of two isoforms in teleost fishes and only one variant in all other vertebrates. Phylogenetic reconstructions grouped the PGI genes into five main groups: lungfishes/coelacanth/cartilaginous fishes, teleost fishes, amphibians, reptiles/birds and mammals, with the teleost group being subdivided into two subclades comprising PGI1 and PGI2. This PGI partitioning into groups is consistent with the synteny and molecular evolution results based on the estimation of the ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous changes (Ka/Ks) and divergence rates between both PGI paralogs and orthologs. Teleost PGI2 shares more similarity with the variant found in all other vertebrates, suggesting that it has less evolved than PGI1 relative to the PGI of common vertebrate ancestor. Conclusions The diversification of PGI genes into PGI1 and PGI2 is consistent with a teleost-specific duplication before the radiation of this lineage, and after its split from the other infraclasses of ray-finned fishes. The low average Ka/Ks ratios within teleost and mammalian lineages suggest that both PGI1 and PGI2 are functionally constrained by purifying selection and may, therefore, have the same functions. By contrast, the high average Ka/Ks ratios and divergence rates within reptiles and birds indicate that PGI may be involved in different functions. The synteny analyses show that the genomic region harbouring PGI genes has independently undergone genomic rearrangements in mammals versus the reptile/bird lineage in particular, which may have contributed to the actual functional diversification of this gene family. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1683-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbaye Tine
- Molecular Zoology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa. .,Genome Centre Cologne at MPI for Plant Breeding Research, 22 Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
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Boj M, Chauvigné F, Zapater C, Cerdà J. Gonadotropin-Activated Androgen-Dependent and Independent Pathways Regulate Aquaporin Expression during Teleost (Sparus aurata) Spermatogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142512. [PMID: 26575371 PMCID: PMC4648546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mediation of fluid homeostasis by multiple classes of aquaporins has been suggested to be essential during spermatogenesis and spermiation. In the marine teleost gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), seven distinct aquaporins, Aqp0a, -1aa, -1ab, -7, -8b, -9b and -10b, are differentially expressed in the somatic and germ cell lineages of the spermiating testis, but the endocrine regulation of these channels during germ cell development is unknown. In this study, we investigated the in vivo developmental expression of aquaporins in the seabream testis together with plasma androgen concentrations. We then examined the in vitro regulatory effects of recombinant piscine gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating (rFsh) and luteinizing (rLh) hormones, and sex steroids on aquaporin mRNA levels during the spermatogenic cycle. During the resting phase, when plasma levels of androgens were low, the testis exclusively contained proliferating spermatogonia expressing Aqp1ab, whereas Aqp10b and -9b were localized in Sertoli and Leydig cells, respectively. At the onset of spermatogenesis and during spermiation, the increase of androgen plasma levels correlated with the additional appearance of Aqp0a and -7 in Sertoli cells, Aqp0a in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, Aqp1ab, -7 and -10b from spermatogonia to spermatozoa, and Aqp1aa and -8b in spermatids and spermatozoa. Short-term in vitro incubation of testis explants indicated that most aquaporins in Sertoli cells and early germ cells were upregulated by rFsh and/or rLh through androgen-dependent pathways, although Aqp1ab in proliferating spermatogonia was also activated by estrogens. However, expression of Aqp9b in Leydig cells, and of Aqp1aa and -7 in spermatocytes and spermatids, was also directly stimulated by rLh. These results reveal a complex gonadotropic control of aquaporin expression during seabream germ cell development, apparently involving both androgen-dependent and independent pathways, which may assure the fine tuning of aquaporin-mediated fluid secretion and absorption mechanisms in the seabream testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Boj
- IRTA-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - François Chauvigné
- IRTA-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cinta Zapater
- IRTA-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Cerdà
- IRTA-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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Stavang JA, Chauvigné F, Kongshaug H, Cerdà J, Nilsen F, Finn RN. Phylogenomic and functional analyses of salmon lice aquaporins uncover the molecular diversity of the superfamily in Arthropoda. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:618. [PMID: 26282991 PMCID: PMC4539701 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emerging field in biomedical research is focusing on the roles of aquaporin water channels in parasites that cause debilitating or lethal diseases to their vertebrate hosts. The primary vectorial agents are hematophagous arthropods, including mosquitoes, flies, ticks and lice, however very little is known concerning the functional diversity of aquaporins in non-insect members of the Arthropoda. Here we conducted phylogenomic and functional analyses of aquaporins in the salmon louse, a marine ectoparasitic copepod that feeds on the skin and body fluids of salmonids, and used the primary structures of the isolated channels to uncover the genomic repertoires in Arthropoda. RESULTS Genomic screening identified 7 aquaporin paralogs in the louse in contrast to 42 in its host the Atlantic salmon. Phylogenetic inference of the louse nucleotides and proteins in relation to orthologs identified in Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea and Hexapoda revealed that the arthropod aquaporin superfamily can be classified into three major grades (1) classical aquaporins including Big brain (Bib) and Prip-like (PripL) channels (2) aquaglyceroporins (Glp) and (3) unorthodox aquaporins (Aqp12-like). In Hexapoda, two additional subfamilies exist as Drip and a recently classified entomoglyceroporin (Eglp) group. Cloning and remapping the louse cDNAs to the genomic DNA revealed that they are encoded by 1-7 exons, with two of the Glps being expressed as N-terminal splice variants (Glp1_v1, -1_v2, -3_v1, -3_v2). Heterologous expression of the cRNAs in amphibian oocytes demonstrated that PripL transports water and urea, while Bib does not. Glp1_v1, -2, -3_v1 and -3_v2 each transport water, glycerol and urea, while Glp1_v2 and the Aqp12-like channels were retained intracellularly. Transcript abundance analyses revealed expression of each louse paralog at all developmental stages, except for glp1_v1, which is specific to preadult and adult males. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the aquaporin repertoires of extant arthropods have expanded independently in the different lineages, but can be phylogenetically classified into three major grades as opposed to four present in deuterostome animals. While the aquaporin repertoire of Atlantic salmon represents a 6-fold redundancy compared to the louse, the functional assays reveal that the permeation properties of the different crustacean grades of aquaporin are largely conserved to the vertebrate counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Anders Stavang
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Francois Chauvigné
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Heidi Kongshaug
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Joan Cerdà
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Frank Nilsen
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Roderick Nigel Finn
- Sea Lice Research Centre, Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.
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Martos-Sitcha JA, Campinho MA, Mancera JM, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Fuentes J. Vasotocin and isotocin regulate aquaporin 1 function in the sea bream. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:684-93. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.114546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Aquaporins (AQPs) are specific transmembrane water channels with an important function in water homeostasis. In terrestrial vertebrates, AQP2 function is regulated by vasopressin (AVP) to accomplish key functions in osmoregulation. The endocrine control of aquaporin function in teleosts remains little studied. Therefore, in this study we investigated the regulatory role of vasotocin (AVTR) and isotocin (ITR) receptors in Aqp1 paralog gene function in the teleost gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The complete coding regions of Aqp1a, Aqp1b, AVTR V1a2-type, AVTR V2-type and ITR from sea bream were isolated. A Xenopus oocyte-swelling assay was used to functionally characterize AQP1 function and regulation by AVT and IT through their cognate receptors. Microinjection of oocytes with Aqp1b mRNA revealed regulation of water transport via PKA (IBMX+forskolin sensitive), whereas Aqp1a mRNA injection had the same effect via PKC signaling (PDBU sensitive). In the absence of expressed receptors, AVT and IT (10−8 mol l−1) were unable to modify AQP1 function. AVT regulated AQP1a and AQP1b function only when the AVTR V2-type was co-expressed. IT regulated AQP1a function, but not AQP1b, only when ITR was present. Considering that Aqp1a and Aqp1b gene expression in the sea bream intestine is highly salinity dependent in vivo, our results in ovo demonstrate a regulatory role for AVT and IT in AQP1 function in the sea bream in the processing of intestinal fluid to achieve osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz E-11510, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Puerto Real, Cádiz E-11510, Spain
| | - Marco Antonio Campinho
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz E-11510, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Puerto Real, Cádiz E-11510, Spain
| | - Juan Fuentes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
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Chauvigné F, Zapater C, Stavang JA, Taranger GL, Cerdà J, Finn RN. The pH sensitivity of Aqp0 channels in tetraploid and diploid teleosts. FASEB J 2015; 29:2172-84. [PMID: 25667219 PMCID: PMC4423293 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-267625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Water homeostasis and the structural integrity of the vertebrate lens is partially mediated by AQP0 channels. Emerging evidence indicates that external pH may be involved in channel gating. Here we show that a tetraploid teleost, the Atlantic salmon, retains 4 aqp0 genes (aqp0a1, -0a2, -0b1, and -0b2), which are highly, but not exclusively, expressed in the lens. Functional characterization reveals that, although each paralog permeates water efficiently, the permeability is respectively shifted to the neutral, alkaline, or acidic pH in Aqp0a1, -0a2, and -0b1, whereas that of Aqp0b2 is not regulated by external pH. Mutagenesis studies demonstrate that Ser(38), His(39), and His(40) residues in the extracellular transmembrane domain of α-helix 2 facing the water pore are critical for the pH modulation of water transport. To validate these findings, we show that both zebrafish Aqp0a and -0b are functional water channels with respective pH sensitivities toward alkaline or acid pH ranges and that an N-terminal allelic variant (Ser(19)) of Aqp0b exists that abolishes water transport in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The data suggest that the alkaline pH sensitivity is a conserved trait in teleost Aqp0 a-type channels, whereas mammalian AQP0 and some teleost Aqp0 b-type channels display an acidic pH permeation preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chauvigné
- *Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; and Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cinta Zapater
- *Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; and Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Anders Stavang
- *Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; and Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Lasse Taranger
- *Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; and Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joan Cerdà
- *Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; and Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roderick Nigel Finn
- *Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; and Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
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25
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The lineage-specific evolution of aquaporin gene clusters facilitated tetrapod terrestrial adaptation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113686. [PMID: 25426855 PMCID: PMC4245216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A major physiological barrier for aquatic organisms adapting to terrestrial life is dessication in the aerial environment. This barrier was nevertheless overcome by the Devonian ancestors of extant Tetrapoda, but the origin of specific molecular mechanisms that solved this water problem remains largely unknown. Here we show that an ancient aquaporin gene cluster evolved specifically in the sarcopterygian lineage, and subsequently diverged into paralogous forms of AQP2, -5, or -6 to mediate water conservation in extant Tetrapoda. To determine the origin of these apomorphic genomic traits, we combined aquaporin sequencing from jawless and jawed vertebrates with broad taxon assembly of >2,000 transcripts amongst 131 deuterostome genomes and developed a model based upon Bayesian inference that traces their convergent roots to stem subfamilies in basal Metazoa and Prokaryota. This approach uncovered an unexpected diversity of aquaporins in every lineage investigated, and revealed that the vertebrate superfamily consists of 17 classes of aquaporins (Aqp0 - Aqp16). The oldest orthologs associated with water conservation in modern Tetrapoda are traced to a cluster of three aqp2-like genes in Actinistia that likely arose >500 Ma through duplication of an aqp0-like gene present in a jawless ancestor. In sea lamprey, we show that aqp0 first arose in a protocluster comprised of a novel aqp14 paralog and a fused aqp01 gene. To corroborate these findings, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of five syntenic nuclear receptor subfamilies, which, together with observations of extensive genome rearrangements, support the coincident loss of ancestral aqp2-like orthologs in Actinopterygii. We thus conclude that the divergence of sarcopterygian-specific aquaporin gene clusters was permissive for the evolution of water conservation mechanisms that facilitated tetrapod terrestrial adaptation.
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Isolation and mRNA expression analysis of aquaporin isoforms in marine medaka Oryzias dancena, a euryhaline teleost. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 171:1-8. [PMID: 24480540 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have identified six putative aquaporin (AQP) genes from marine medaka Oryzias dancena (named odAQPs 1, 3, 8, 10, 11 and 12). The marine medaka AQP cDNAs encode polypeptides of 259-298 amino acids, respectively. Topology predictions showed six transmembrane domains, five connecting loops, and cytoplasmic N- and C-terminal domains, all of which is conserved among AQP molecules. Although asparagine-proline-alanine (NPA) motifs are highly conserved in most odAQP isoforms, several AQPs revealed variant types of motifs such as asparagine-proline-proline (NPP), asparagine-proline-valine (NPV) or/and asparagine-proline-serine (NPS) motifs. The phylogenic analysis showed that marine medaka AQPs had closet relationship with Japanese ricefish (medaka; Oryzias latipes) counterparts. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analyses showed that marine medaka AQP transcripts would be expressed in not only osmoregulatory tissues but also nonosmoregulatory tissues, and also that the expression levels of certain AQP isoforms in nonosmoregulatory tissues were readily comparable or even higher than those in typically known osmoregulatory organs. Although the overall tissue distribution patterns of AQPs were not significantly different between 0- and 30-ppt acclimated fish, the expression levels under different salinities were largely variable among isoforms and tissues. This is the first report to investigate tissue expression profiles of teleostean AQPs 11 and 12 during the long-term acclimation to freshwater and salted water.
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Ip YK, Soh MML, Chen XL, Ong JLY, Chng YR, Ching B, Wong WP, Lam SH, Chew SF. Molecular characterization of branchial aquaporin 1aa and effects of seawater acclimation, emersion or ammonia exposure on its mRNA expression in the gills, gut, kidney and skin of the freshwater climbing perch, Anabas testudineus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61163. [PMID: 23593418 PMCID: PMC3621907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We obtained a full cDNA coding sequence of aquaporin 1aa (aqp1aa) from the gills of the freshwater climbing perch, Anabas testudineus, which had the highest expression in the gills and skin, suggesting an important role of Aqp1aa in these organs. Since seawater acclimation had no significant effects on the branchial and intestinal aqp1aa mRNA expression, and since the mRNA expression of aqp1aa in the gut was extremely low, it can be deduced that Aqp1aa, despite being a water channel, did not play a significant osmoregulatory role in A. testudineus. However, terrestrial exposure led to significant increases in the mRNA expression of aqp1aa in the gills and skin of A. testudineus. Since terrestrial exposure would lead to evaporative water loss, these results further support the proposition that Aqp1aa did not function predominantly for the permeation of water through the gills and skin. Rather, increased aqp1aa mRNA expression might be necessary to facilitate increased ammonia excretion during emersion, because A. testudineus is known to utilize amino acids as energy sources for locomotor activity with increased ammonia production on land. Furthermore, ammonia exposure resulted in significant decreases in mRNA expression of aqp1aa in the gills and skin of A. testudineus, presumably to reduce ammonia influx during ammonia loading. This corroborates previous reports on AQP1 being able to facilitate ammonia permeation. However, a molecular characterization of Aqp1aa from A. testudineus revealed that its intrinsic aquapore might not facilitate NH3 transport. Hence, ammonia probably permeated the central fifth pore of the Aqp1aa tetramer as suggested previously. Taken together, our results indicate that Aqp1aa might have a greater physiological role in ammonia excretion than in osmoregulation in A. testudineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen K Ip
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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Cerdà J, Zapater C, Chauvigné F, Finn RN. Water homeostasis in the fish oocyte: new insights into the role and molecular regulation of a teleost-specific aquaporin. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:19-27. [PMID: 22278707 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the role of a teleost-specific aquaporin (Aqp1ab) during the process of oocyte hydration in marine fish producing pelagic (floating) eggs, recently confirmed by molecular approaches, has revealed that this mechanism is more sophisticated than initially thought. Recent phylogenetic and genomic studies suggest that Aqp1ab likely evolved by tandem duplication from a common ancestor and further neofunctionalized in oocytes for water transport. Investigations into the regulation of Aqp1ab during oogenesis indicate that the mRNA and protein product are highly accumulated during early oocyte growth, possibly through the transcriptional activation of the aqp1ab promoter by the classical nuclear progesterone receptor and perhaps by Sry-related high mobility group [HMG]-box (Sox) transcription factors. During oocyte growth and maturation, Aqp1ab intracellular trafficking may be regulated by phosphorylation and/or dephosphorylation of specific C-terminal residues in Aqp1ab, as well as by signal-mediated sorting processes. These mechanisms possibly regulate the temporal insertion of Aqp1ab into the oocyte plasma membrane during oocyte hydration, although the intracellular signaling pathways involved are yet unknown. Interestingly, in some freshwater species that spawn partially hydrated eggs, high accumulation of transcripts encoding functional Aqp1ab channels have also been found in the ovary. These findings suggest that the Aqp1ab-mediated mechanism for oocyte hydration is likely conserved in teleosts. The tight regulation of Aqp1ab during oogenesis, at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels, highlights the essential physiological role of this water channel and opens new research avenues for understanding the molecular basis of egg formation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cerdà
- Laboratory of Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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Engelund MB, Chauvigné F, Christensen BM, Finn RN, Cerdà J, Madsen SS. Differential expression and novel permeability properties of three aquaporin 8 paralogs from seawater-challenged Atlantic salmon smolts. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:3873-85. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.087890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Aquaporins may facilitate transepithelial water absorption in the intestine of seawater (SW) acclimated fish. Here we have characterized three full-length aqp8 paralogs from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Bayesian inference revealed that each paralog is a representative of the three major classes of aqp8aa, aqp8ab and aqp8b genes found in other teleosts. The permeability properties were studied by heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and the expression levels examined by qPCR, immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, and immunoblotting of membrane fractions from intestines of SW challenged smolts. All three Aqp8 paralogs were permeable to water and urea, whereas Aqp8ab and -8b were, surprisingly, also permeable to glycerol. The mRNA tissue distribution of each paralog was distinct although some tissues, such as the intestine showed redundant expression of more than one paralog. Immunofluorescence microscopy localized Aqp8aa(1+2) to intracellular compartments of the liver and intestine, and Aqp8ab and Aqp8b to apical plasma membrane domains of the intestinal epithelium, with Aqp8b also in goblet cells. In a control experiment with rainbow trout, immunoelectron microscopy confirmed abundant labeling of Aqp8ab and -8b at apical plasma membranes of enterocytes in the middle intestine and also in subapical vesicular structures. During SW-challenge, Aqp8ab showed significantly increased levels of protein expression in plasma membrane enriched fractions of the intestine. These data indicate that the Atlantic salmon Aqp8 paralogs have neofunctionalized on a transcriptional as well as on a functional level, and that Aqp8ab may play a central role in the intestinal transcellular uptake of water during SW acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Chauvigné
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries - Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC
| | | | | | - Joan Cerdà
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries - Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC
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Alleva K, Chara O, Amodeo G. Aquaporins: another piece in the osmotic puzzle. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2991-9. [PMID: 22728434 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osmolarity not only plays a key role in cellular homeostasis but also challenges cell survival. The molecular understanding of osmosis has not yet been completely achieved, and the discovery of aquaporins as molecular entities involved in water transport has caused osmosis to again become a focus of research. The main questions that need to be answered are the mechanism underlying the osmotic permeability coefficients and the extent to which aquaporins change our understanding of osmosis. Here, attempts to answer these questions are discussed. Critical aspects of the state of the state of knowledge on osmosis, a topic that has been studied since 19th century, are reviewed and integrated with the available information provided by in vivo, in vitro and in silico approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Alleva
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chauvigné F, Zapater C, Cerdà J. Role of Aquaporins during Teleost Gametogenesis and Early Embryogenesis. Front Physiol 2011; 2:66. [PMID: 21994496 PMCID: PMC3183482 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are believed to be involved in homeosmotic mechanisms of marine teleosts. Increasing data suggest that these molecular water channels play critical roles associated with the adaptation of gametes and early embryos to the external spawning environment. In this mini-review, we discuss recent studies suggesting the function of aquaporin-mediated fluid homeostasis during spermatozoa activation and egg formation in teleosts. In addition, we address the potential role of water channels in osmosensing and cell migration during early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chauvigné
- Laboratory of Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Barcelona, Spain
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Madsen SS, Olesen JH, Bedal K, Engelund MB, Velasco-Santamaría YM, Tipsmark CK. Functional characterization of water transport and cellular localization of three aquaporin paralogs in the salmonid intestine. Front Physiol 2011; 2:56. [PMID: 21941512 PMCID: PMC3171111 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal water absorption is greatly enhanced in salmonids upon acclimation from freshwater (FW) to seawater (SW); however, the molecular mechanism for water transport is unknown. We conducted a pharmacological characterization of water absorption in the rainbow trout intestine along with an investigation of the distribution and cellular localization of three aquaporins (Aqp1aa, -1ab, and -8ab) in pyloric caeca, middle (M), and posterior (P) intestine of the Atlantic salmon. In vitro iso-osmotic water absorption (J(v)) was higher in SW than FW-trout and was inhibited by (mmol L(-1)): 0.1 KCN (41%), 0.1 ouabain (72%), and 0.1 bumetanide (82%) suggesting that active transport, Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and Na(+), K(+), 2Cl(-)-co-transport are involved in establishing the driving gradient for water transport. J(v) was also inhibited by 1 mmol L(-1) HgCl(2), serosally (23% in M and 44% in P), mucosally (27% in M), or both (61% in M and 58% in P), suggesting involvement of both apical and basolateral aquaporins in water transport. The inhibition was antagonized by 5 mmol L(-1) mercaptoethanol. By comparison, 10 mmol L(-1) mucosal tetraethylammonium, an inhibitor of certain aquaporins, inhibited J(v) by 20%. In the presence of glucose, mucosal addition of phloridzin inhibited water transport by 20%, suggesting that water transport is partially linked to the Na(+)-glucose co-transporter. Using polyclonal antibodies against salmon Aqp1aa, -1ab, and -8ab, we detected Aqp1aa, and -1ab immunoreactivity in the brush border and sub-apical region of enterocytes in all intestinal segments. The Aqp8ab antibody showed a particularly strong immunoreaction in the brush border and sub-apical region of enterocytes throughout the intestine and also stained lateral membranes and peri-nuclear regions though at lower intensity. The present localization of three aquaporins in both apical and lateral membranes of salmonid enterocytes facilitates a model for transcellular water transport in the intestine of SW-acclimated salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen S Madsen
- Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark
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