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Sergeeva XV, Lvova ID, Sharlo KA. Disuse-Induced Muscle Fatigue: Facts and Assumptions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4984. [PMID: 38732203 PMCID: PMC11084575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle unloading occurs during a wide range of conditions, from space flight to bed rest. The unloaded muscle undergoes negative functional changes, which include increased fatigue. The mechanisms of unloading-induced fatigue are far from complete understanding and cannot be explained by muscle atrophy only. In this review, we summarize the data concerning unloading-induced fatigue in different muscles and different unloading models and provide several potential mechanisms of unloading-induced fatigue based on recent experimental data. The unloading-induced changes leading to increased fatigue include both neurobiological and intramuscular processes. The development of intramuscular fatigue seems to be mainly contributed by the transformation of soleus muscle fibers from a fatigue-resistant, "oxidative" "slow" phenotype to a "fast" "glycolytic" one. This process includes slow-to-fast fiber-type shift and mitochondrial density decline, as well as the disruption of activating signaling interconnections between slow-type myosin expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. A vast pool of relevant literature suggests that these events are triggered by the inactivation of muscle fibers in the early stages of muscle unloading, leading to the accumulation of high-energy phosphates and calcium ions in the myoplasm, as well as NO decrease. Disturbance of these secondary messengers leads to structural changes in muscles that, in turn, cause increased fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristina A. Sharlo
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS, Khorosevskoye Shosse, 76a, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (X.V.S.); (I.D.L.)
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Pang X, Zhang P, Chen X, Liu W. Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in skeletal muscle atrophy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1289537. [PMID: 38046952 PMCID: PMC10690626 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1289537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles underpin myriad human activities, maintaining an intricate balance between protein synthesis and degradation crucial to muscle mass preservation. Historically, disruptions in this balance-where degradation overshadows synthesis-have marked the onset of muscle atrophy, a condition diminishing life quality and, in grave instances, imperiling life itself. While multiple protein degradation pathways exist-including the autophagy-lysosome, calcium-dependent calpain, and cysteine aspartate protease systems-the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway emerges as an especially cardinal avenue for intracellular protein degradation, wielding pronounced influence over the muscle atrophy trajectory. This paper ventures a panoramic view of predominant muscle atrophy types, accentuating the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway's role therein. Furthermore, by drawing from recent scholarly advancements, we draw associations between the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and specific pathological conditions linked to muscle atrophy. Our exploration seeks to shed light on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway's significance in skeletal muscle dynamics, aiming to pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies against muscle atrophy and affiliated muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiangSheng Pang
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoPing Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - WenMing Liu
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Figueira ACC, Pereira A, Leitão L, Ferreira R, Oliveira PA, Duarte JA. Effects of Moderate Exercise Training on Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2652. [PMID: 37830689 PMCID: PMC10572373 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle wasting is a common phenomenon in oncology and seems to be attenuated by exercise training. The aim of this study is to determine the degree of aggressiveness of cancer-induced muscle wasting in two different phenotypic muscles. It will also determine whether exercise training can attenuate this muscle dysfunction. METHODS Fifty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: two breast cancer model groups (sedentary and exercise) and two control groups (sedentary and exercise). Breast cancer was induced by 1-methyl-1-nitrosoureia (MNU). After 35 weeks of endurance training, animals were sacrificed, and gastrocnemius and soleus muscles harvested for morphometric analysis. RESULTS In sedentary tumor-bearing animals, a significant reduction in cross-sectional area was found in both muscles (p < 0.05). Interstitial fibrosis was significantly higher in the gastrocnemius muscle of the sedentary tumor-bearing animals (p < 0.05), but not in the soleus muscle. In the gastrocnemius of sedentary tumor-bearing animals, a shift from large to small fibers was observed. This cancer-related muscle dysfunction was prevented by long-term exercise training. CONCLUSIONS In sedentary animals with tumors, the gastrocnemius muscle showed a very pronounced reduction in cross-sectional area and a marked degree of interstitial fibrosis. There was no difference in collagen deposition between tumor groups, and the soleus muscle showed a less pronounced but significant reduction in cross-sectional area. These contrasting results confirm that cancer-induced muscle wasting can affect specific types of fibers and specific muscles, namely fast glycolytic muscles, and that exercise training can be used to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Corrêa Figueira
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.P.); (L.L.)
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.P.); (L.L.)
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Luís Leitão
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.P.); (L.L.)
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Laboratory for Green Chemistry and Technology (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-081 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
- One Health Toxicology Research Unit (1H-TOXRUN), University Institute of Health Sciences, Campus of Gandra, 1317-116 Gandra, Portugal
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Shi H, Li F, Zhang F, Wei X, Liu C, Duan R. An electrical stimulation intervention protocol to prevent disuse atrophy and muscle strength decline: an experimental study in rat. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:84. [PMID: 37386493 PMCID: PMC10311794 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle is negatively impacted by conditions such as spaceflight or prolonged bed rest, resulting in a dramatic decline in muscle mass, maximum contractile force, and muscular endurance. Electrical stimulation (ES) is an essential tool in neurophysiotherapy and an effective means of preventing skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction. Historically, ES treatment protocols have used either low or high frequency electrical stimulation (LFES/HFES). However, our study tests the use of a combination of different frequencies in a single electrical stimulation intervention in order to determine a more effective protocol for improving both skeletal muscle strength and endurance. METHODS An adult male SD rat model of muscle atrophy was established through 4 weeks of tail suspension (TS). To investigate the effects of different frequency combinations, the experimental animals were treated with low (20 Hz) or high (100 Hz) frequency before TS for 6 weeks, and during TS for 4weeks. The maximum contraction force and fatigue resistance of skeletal muscle were then assessed before the animals were sacrificed. The muscle mass, fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), fiber type and related protein expression were examined and analyzed to gain insights into the mechanisms by which the ES intervention protocol used in this study regulates muscle strength and endurance. RESULTS After 4 weeks of unloading, the soleus muscle mass and fiber CSA decreased by 39% and 58% respectively, while the number of glycolytic muscle fibers increased by 21%. The gastrocnemius muscle fibers showed a 51% decrease in CSA, with a 44% decrease in single contractility and a 39% decrease in fatigue resistance. The number of glycolytic muscle fibers in the gastrocnemius also increased by 29%. However, the application of HFES either prior to or during unloading showed an improvement in muscle mass, fiber CSA, and oxidative muscle fibers. In the pre-unloading group, the soleus muscle mass increased by 62%, while the number of oxidative muscle fibers increased by 18%. In the during unloading group, the soleus muscle mass increased by 29% and the number of oxidative muscle fibers increased by 15%. In the gastrocnemius, the pre-unloading group showed a 38% increase in single contractile force and a 19% increase in fatigue resistance, while in the during unloading group, a 21% increase in single contractile force and a 29% increase in fatigue resistance was observed, along with a 37% and 26% increase in the number of oxidative muscle fibers, respectively. The combination of HFES before unloading and LFES during unloading resulted in a significant elevation of the soleus mass by 49% and CSA by 90%, with a 40% increase in the number of oxidative muscle fibers in the gastrocnemius. This combination also resulted in a 66% increase in single contractility and a 38% increase in fatigue resistance. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that using HFES before unloading can reduce the harmful effects of muscle unloading on the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. Furthermore, we found that combining HFES before unloading with LFES during unloading was more effective in preventing muscle atrophy in the soleus and preserving the contractile function of the gastrocnemius muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Shi
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobei Wei
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyi Liu
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Trivedi T, Manaa M, John S, Reiken S, Murthy S, Pagnotti GM, Dole NS, She Y, Suresh S, Hain BA, Regan J, Ofer R, Wright L, Robling A, Cao X, Alliston T, Marks AR, Waning DL, Mohammad KS, Guise TA. Zoledronic acid improves bone quality and muscle function in a high bone turnover state. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.01.543305. [PMID: 37333318 PMCID: PMC10274651 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.01.543305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Zoledronic acid (ZA) prevents muscle weakness in mice with bone metastases; however, its role in muscle weakness in non-tumor-associated metabolic bone diseases and as an effective treatment modality for the prevention of muscle weakness associated with bone disorders, is unknown. We demonstrate the role of ZA-treatment on bone and muscle using a mouse model of accelerated bone remodeling, which represents the clinical manifestation of non-tumor associated metabolic bone disease. ZA increased bone mass and strength and rescued osteocyte lacunocanalicular organization. Short-term ZA treatment increased muscle mass, whereas prolonged, preventive treatment improved muscle mass and function. In these mice, muscle fiber-type shifted from oxidative to glycolytic and ZA restored normal muscle fiber distribution. By blocking TGFβ release from bone, ZA improved muscle function, promoted myoblast differentiation and stabilized Ryanodine Receptor-1 calcium channel. These data demonstrate the beneficial effects of ZA in maintaining bone health and preserving muscle mass and function in a model of metabolic bone disease. Context and significance TGFβ is a bone regulatory molecule which is stored in bone matrix, released during bone remodeling, and must be maintained at an optimal level for the good health of the bone. Excess TGFβ causes several bone disorders and skeletal muscle weakness. Reducing excess TGFβ release from bone using zoledronic acid in mice not only improved bone volume and strength but also increased muscle mass, and muscle function. Progressive muscle weakness coexists with bone disorders, decreasing quality of life and increasing morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is a critical need for treatments improving muscle mass and function in patients with debilitating weakness. Zoledronic acid's benefit extends beyond bone and could also be useful in treating muscle weakness associated with bone disorders.
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Vilchinskaya N, Lim WF, Belova S, Roberts TC, Wood MJA, Lomonosova Y. Investigating Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Kinase/Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 2 Pathway Regulation and Its Role in Protein Synthesis Impairment during Disuse-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023:S0002-9440(23)00060-3. [PMID: 36871751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The principal mechanism underlying the reduced rate of protein synthesis in atrophied skeletal muscle is largely unknown. Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2k) impairs the ability of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) to bind to the ribosome via T56 phosphorylation. Perturbations in the eEF2k/eEF2 pathway during various stages of disuse muscle atrophy have been investigated utilizing a rat hind limb suspension (HS) model. Two distinct components of eEF2k/eEF2 pathway misregulation were demonstrated, observing a significant (P < 0.01) increase in eEF2k mRNA expression as early as 1-day HS and in eEF2k protein level after 3-day HS. We set out to determine whether eEF2k activation is a Ca2+-dependent process with involvement of Cav1.1. The ratio of T56-phosphorylated/total eEF2 was robustly elevated after 3-day HS, which was completely reversed by BAPTA-AM and decreased by 1.7-fold (P < 0.05) by nifedipine. Transfection of C2C12 with pCMV-eEF2k and administration with small molecules were used to modulate eEF2k and eEF2 activity. More important, pharmacologic enhancement of eEF2 phosphorylation induced phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase (T389) up-regulation and restoration of global protein synthesis in the HS rats. Taken together, the eEF2k/eEF2 pathway is up-regulated during disuse muscle atrophy involving calcium-dependent activation of eEF2k partly via Cav1.1. The study provides evidence, in vitro and in vivo, of the eEF2k/eEF2 pathway impact on ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity as well as protein expression of key atrophy biomarkers, muscle atrophy F-box/atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wooi Fang Lim
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas C Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yulia Lomonosova
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Changes in the Mechanical Properties of Fast and Slow Skeletal Muscle after 7 and 21 Days of Restricted Activity in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044141. [PMID: 36835551 PMCID: PMC9966780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Disuse muscle atrophy is usually accompanied by changes in skeletal muscle structure, signaling, and contractile potential. Different models of muscle unloading can provide valuable information, but the protocols of experiments with complete immobilization are not physiologically representative of a sedentary lifestyle, which is highly prevalent among humans now. In the current study, we investigated the potential effects of restricted activity on the mechanical characteristics of rat postural (soleus) and locomotor (extensor digitorum longus, EDL) muscles. The restricted-activity rats were kept in small Plexiglas cages (17.0 × 9.6 × 13.0 cm) for 7 and 21 days. After this, soleus and EDL muscles were collected for ex vivo mechanical measurements and biochemical analysis. We demonstrated that while a 21-day movement restriction affected the weight of both muscles, in soleus muscle we observed a greater decrease. The maximum isometric force and passive tension in both muscles also significantly changed after 21 days of movement restriction, along with a decrease in the level of collagen 1 and 3 mRNA expression. Furthermore, the collagen content itself changed only in soleus after 7 and 21 days of movement restriction. With regard to cytoskeletal proteins, in our experiment we observed a significant decrease in telethonin in soleus, and a similar decrease in desmin and telethonin in EDL. We also observed a shift towards fast-type myosin heavy chain expression in soleus, but not in EDL. In summary, in this study we showed that movement restriction leads to profound specific changes in the mechanical properties of fast and slow skeletal muscles. Future studies may include evaluation of signaling mechanisms regulating the synthesis, degradation, and mRNA expression of the extracellular matrix and scaffold proteins of myofibers.
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Metformin Attenuates Slow-to-Fast Fiber Shift and Proteolysis Markers Increase in Rat Soleus after 7 Days of Rat Hindlimb Unloading. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010503. [PMID: 36613942 PMCID: PMC9820761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle unloading leads to signaling alterations that cause muscle atrophy and weakness. The cellular energy sensor AMPK can regulate myofiber-type shift, calcium-dependent signaling and ubiquitin-proteasome system markers. We hypothesized that the prevention of p-AMPK downregulation during the first week of muscle unloading would impede atrophy development and the slow-to-fast shift of soleus muscle fibers, and the aim of the study was to test this hypothesis. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: placebo control (C), control rats treated with metformin (C + M), 7 days of hindlimb suspension (HS) + placebo (7HS), and 7 days of HS + metformin administration (7HS + M). In the soleus of the 7HS rats, we detected a slow-to-fast fiber-type shift as well as a significant downregulation of MEF-2D and p300 in the nuclei. In the 7HS group, we also found decreases in p-ACC (AMPK target) protein level and in the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases and p-CaMK II protein level vs. the C group. The 7-day metformin treatment for soleus muscle unloading (1) prevented slow-to-fast fiber-type shift; (2) counteracted changes in the p-ACC protein level; (3) hindered changes in the nuclear protein level of the slow myosin expression activators MEF-2D and p300, but did not affect NFATc1 signaling; and (4) attenuated the unloading-induced upregulation of MuRF-1, atrogin-1, ubiquitin and myostatin mRNA expression, but did not prevent soleus muscle atrophy. Thus, metformin treatment during muscle disuse could be useful to prevent the decrease in the percentage of slow-type fatigue-resistant muscle fibers.
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Just-Borràs L, Cilleros-Mañé V, Polishchuk A, Balanyà-Segura M, Tomàs M, Garcia N, Tomàs J, Lanuza MA. TrkB signaling is correlated with muscular fatigue resistance and less vulnerability to neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1069940. [PMID: 36618825 PMCID: PMC9813967 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1069940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), motor neurons and myocytes maintain a bidirectional communication that guarantees adequate functionality. Thus, motor neurons' firing pattern, which is influenced by retrograde muscle-derived neurotrophic factors, modulates myocyte contractibility. Myocytes can be fast-twitch fibers and become easily fatigued or slow-twitch fibers and resistant to fatigue. Extraocular muscles (EOM) show mixed properties that guarantee fast contraction speed and resistance to fatigue and the degeneration caused by Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease. The TrkB signaling is an activity-dependent pathway implicated in the NMJ well-functioning. Therefore, it could mediate the differences between fast and slow myocytes' resistance to fatigue. The present study elucidates a specific protein expression profile concerning the TrkB signaling that correlates with higher resistance to fatigue and better neuroprotective capacity through time. The results unveil that Extra-ocular muscles (EOM) express lower levels of NT-4 that extend TrkB signaling, differential PKC expression, and a higher abundance of phosphorylated synaptic proteins that correlate with continuous neurotransmission requirements. Furthermore, common molecular features between EOM and slow soleus muscles including higher neurotrophic consumption and classic and novel PKC isoforms balance correlate with better preservation of these two muscles in ALS. Altogether, higher resistance of Soleus and EOM to fatigue and ALS seems to be associated with specific protein levels concerning the TrkB neurotrophic signaling.
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Bouredji Z, Argaw A, Frenette J. The inflammatory response, a mixed blessing for muscle homeostasis and plasticity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1032450. [PMID: 36505042 PMCID: PMC9726740 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1032450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle makes up almost half the body weight of heathy individuals and is involved in several vital functions, including breathing, thermogenesis, metabolism, and locomotion. Skeletal muscle exhibits enormous plasticity with its capacity to adapt to stimuli such as changes in mechanical loading, nutritional interventions, or environmental factors (oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine changes). Satellite cells and timely recruited inflammatory cells are key actors in muscle homeostasis, injury, and repair processes. Conversely, uncontrolled recruitment of inflammatory cells or chronic inflammatory processes leads to muscle atrophy, fibrosis and, ultimately, impairment of muscle function. Muscle atrophy and loss of function are reported to occur either in physiological situations such as aging, cast immobilization, and prolonged bed rest, as well as in many pathological situations, including cancers, muscular dystrophies, and several other chronic illnesses. In this review, we highlight recent discoveries with respect to the molecular mechanisms leading to muscle atrophy caused by modified mechanical loading, aging, and diseases. We also summarize current perspectives suggesting that the inflammatory process in muscle homeostasis and repair is a double-edged sword. Lastly, we review recent therapeutic approaches for treating muscle wasting disorders, with a focus on the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway and its involvement in muscle inflammation, protection and regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Bouredji
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CRCHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Anteneh Argaw
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CRCHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CRCHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada,Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Jérôme Frenette,
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Short-Term Mild Hypoxia Modulates Na,K-ATPase to Maintain Membrane Electrogenesis in Rat Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911869. [PMID: 36233169 PMCID: PMC9570130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na,K-ATPase plays an important role in adaptation to hypoxia. Prolonged hypoxia results in loss of skeletal muscle mass, structure, and performance. However, hypoxic preconditioning is known to protect against a variety of functional impairments. In this study, we tested the possibility of mild hypoxia to modulate the Na,K-ATPase and to improve skeletal muscle electrogenesis. The rats were subjected to simulated high-altitude (3000 m above sea level) hypobaric hypoxia (HH) for 3 h using a hypobaric chamber. Isolated diaphragm and soleus muscles were tested. In the diaphragm muscle, HH increased the α2 Na,K-ATPase isozyme electrogenic activity and stably hyperpolarized the extrajunctional membrane for 24 h. These changes were accompanied by a steady increase in the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances as well as a decrease in the serum level of endogenous ouabain, a specific ligand of the Na,K-ATPase. HH also increased the α2 Na,K-ATPase membrane abundance without changing its total protein content; the plasma membrane lipid-ordered phase did not change. In the soleus muscle, HH protected against disuse (hindlimb suspension) induced sarcolemmal depolarization. Considering that the Na,K-ATPase is critical for maintaining skeletal muscle electrogenesis and performance, these findings may have implications for countermeasures in disuse-induced pathology and hypoxic therapy.
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Germain P, Delalande A, Pichon C. Role of Muscle LIM Protein in Mechanotransduction Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179785. [PMID: 36077180 PMCID: PMC9456170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of protein synthesis is crucial to counteract the deconditioning of neuromuscular system and its atrophy. In the past, hormones and cytokines acting as growth factors involved in the intracellular events of these processes have been identified, while the implications of signaling pathways associated with the anabolism/catabolism ratio in reference to the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been recently identified. Among them, the mechanotransduction resulting from a mechanical stress applied to the cell appears increasingly interesting as a potential pathway for therapeutic intervention. At present, there is an open question regarding the type of stress to apply in order to induce anabolic events or the type of mechanical strain with respect to the possible mechanosensing and mechanotransduction processes involved in muscle cells protein synthesis. This review is focused on the muscle LIM protein (MLP), a structural and mechanosensing protein with a LIM domain, which is expressed in the sarcomere and costamere of striated muscle cells. It acts as a transcriptional cofactor during cell proliferation after its nuclear translocation during the anabolic process of differentiation and rebuilding. Moreover, we discuss the possible opportunity of stimulating this mechanotransduction process to counteract the muscle atrophy induced by anabolic versus catabolic disorders coming from the environment, aging or myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Germain
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Anthony Delalande
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Metabolic Pathways and Ion Channels Involved in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: A Starting Point for Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162566. [PMID: 36010642 PMCID: PMC9406740 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue has the important function of supporting and defending the organism. It is the largest apparatus in the human body, and its function is important for contraction and movements. In addition, it is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation. In fact, inhibition of protein synthesis and/or activation of catabolism determines a pathological condition called muscle atrophy. Muscle atrophy is a reduction in muscle mass resulting in a partial or complete loss of function. It has been established that many physiopathological conditions can cause a reduction in muscle mass. Nevertheless, it is not well known that the molecular mechanisms and signaling processes caused this dramatic event. There are multiple concomitant processes involved in muscle atrophy. In fact, the gene transcription of some factors, oxidative stress mechanisms, and the alteration of ion transport through specific ion channels may contribute to muscle function impairment. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanisms responsible for muscle damage and potential drugs to be used to alleviate this disabling condition.
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14
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Monotropein Improves Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via the AKT/mTOR/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091859. [PMID: 35565825 PMCID: PMC9103778 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of monotropein (MON) on improving dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy in mice and C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells. The body weights, grip strengths, and muscle weights of mice were assessed. The histological change in the gastrocnemius tissues was also observed through H&E staining. The expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1), and muscle atrophy F-box (Atrogin1) and the phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR, and FOXO3a in the muscle tissues of mice and C2C12 myotubes were analyzed using Western blotting. MON improved muscle atrophy in mice and C2C12 myotubes by regulating catabolic states via the AKT/mTOR/FOXO3a signaling pathways, and enhanced muscle function by the increases of muscle mass and strength in mice. This suggests that MON could be used for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy in patients.
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15
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Kitahata K, Uchida T, Taniguchi R, Kato A, Sugiura K, Sakakibara I, Oarada M, Fukawa T, Junsoo P, Inho C, Nikawa T. Additional effects of simultaneous treatment with C14-Cblin and celastrol on the clinorotation-induced rat L6 myotube atrophy. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2022; 69:127-134. [PMID: 35466134 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.69.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Two novel reagents, N-myristoylated Cbl-b inhibitory peptide (C14-Cblin) and celastrol, a quinone methide triterpene, are reported to be effective in preventing myotube atrophy. The combined effects of C14-Cblin and celastrol on rat L6 myotubes atrophy induced by 3D-clinorotation, a simulated microgravity model, was investigated in the present study. We first examined their effects on expression in atrogenes. Increase in MAFbx1/atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 by 3D-clinorotation was significantly suppressed by treatment with C14-Cblin or celastrol, but there was no additive effect of simultaneous treatment. However, celastrol significantly suppressed the upregulation of Cbl-b and HSP70 by 3D-clinorotation. Whereas 3D-clinorotation decreased the protein level of IRS-1 in L6 myotubes, C14-Cblin and celastrol inhibited the degradation of IRS-1. C14-Cblin and celastrol promoted the phosphorylation of FOXO3a even in microgravity condition. Simultaneous administration of C14-Cblin and celastrol had shown little additive effect in reversing the impairment of IGF-1 signaling by 3D-clinorotation. While 3D-clinorotation-induced marked oxidative stress in L6 myotubes, celastrol suppressed 3D-clinorotation-induced ROS production. Finally, the C14-Cblin and celastrol-treated groups were inhibited decrease in L6 myotube diameter and increased the protein content of slow-twitch MyHC cultured under 3D-clinorotation. The simultaneous treatment of C14-Cblin and celastrol additively prevented 3D-clinorotation-induced myotube atrophy than single treatment. J. Med. Invest. 69 : 127-134, February, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Kitahata
- Departments of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchida
- Departments of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Runa Taniguchi
- Departments of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ayano Kato
- Departments of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sugiura
- Departments of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.,Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Iori Sakakibara
- Departments of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Motoko Oarada
- Department of Nutrition Health, Faculty of Nutritional Science Sagami Women's University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0383, Japan
| | - Tomoya Fukawa
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Park Junsoo
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi Inho
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Departments of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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16
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Sharlo K, Tyganov SA, Tomilovskaya E, Popov DV, Saveko AA, Shenkman BS. Effects of Various Muscle Disuse States and Countermeasures on Muscle Molecular Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010468. [PMID: 35008893 PMCID: PMC8745071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is capable of changing its structural parameters, metabolic rate and functional characteristics within a wide range when adapting to various loading regimens and states of the organism. Prolonged muscle inactivation leads to serious negative consequences that affect the quality of life and work capacity of people. This review examines various conditions that lead to decreased levels of muscle loading and activity and describes the key molecular mechanisms of muscle responses to these conditions. It also details the theoretical foundations of various methods preventing adverse muscle changes caused by decreased motor activity and describes these methods. A number of recent studies presented in this review make it possible to determine the molecular basis of the countermeasure methods used in rehabilitation and space medicine for many years, as well as to identify promising new approaches to rehabilitation and to form a holistic understanding of the mechanisms of gravity force control over the muscular system.
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17
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Bakhtiary Z, Shahrooz R, Hobbenaghi R, Azizi S, Soltanalinejad F, Baradar Khoshfetrat A. Histomorphometrical evaluation of extensor digitorum longus muscle in sciatic nerve regeneration using tissue engineering in rats. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2021; 12:451-457. [PMID: 35529819 PMCID: PMC9010829 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.109276.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy induced by denervation is one of the common disorders in traumatic nerve injuries. The aim of this study was the evaluation of histomorphometrical changes of extensor digitorum longus muscle after denervation and its regeneration by tissue engineering. Ninety adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six main groups (n = 15) in three time periods (2, 4 and 8 weeks; n = 5). Control group was treated without surgery, in transection (Tr) group left sciatic nerve was transected, in scaffold (S) group only collagen gel scaffold was used, in mast cell (MC) group mast cells were used, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) group was treated with mesenchymal stem cells and in MC+MSC group, mast cells along with mesenchymal stem cells were used. In the cellular groups, the scaffold and cells were mixed and placed in the transected nerve gap. The average diameter of muscle fibers, ratio of the muscle fibers nuclei to the fibrocytes nuclei (mn/fn), ratio of the muscle fibers nuclei number to the muscle fibers number (mn/mf), the average ratio of blood vessels to muscle fibers number (v/mf) and muscles weight in Tr group were the lowest compared to the other groups; but, in cellular and S groups, amelioration was observed according to the time period. However, in MC+MSC group, there were the highest ameliorative results. This study revealed that simultaneous use of MCs and MSCs mixed with collagen gel scaffold can be considered as a suitable approach to improve denervated skeletal muscle atrophy associated with sciatic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bakhtiary
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Rasoul Shahrooz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; ,Correspondence Rasoul Shahrooz. DVM, DVSc, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Rahim Hobbenaghi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Saeed Azizi
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Farhad Soltanalinejad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
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18
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Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu C, Wang B, Zhou J. Mechanistic basis and preliminary practice of butyric acid and butyrate sodium to mitigate gut inflammatory diseases: a comprehensive review. Nutr Res 2021; 95:1-18. [PMID: 34757305 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A key event featured in the early stage of chronic gut inflammatory diseases is the disordered recruitment and excess accumulation of immune cells in the gut lamina propria. This process is followed by the over-secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and the prolonged overactive inflammatory responses. Growing evidence has suggested that gut inflammatory diseases may be mitigated by butyric acid (BA) or butyrate sodium (NaB). Laboratory studies show that BA and NaB can enhance gut innate immune function through G-protein-mediated signaling pathways while mitigating the overactive inflammatory responses by inhibiting histone deacetylase. The regulatory effects may occur in both epithelial enterocytes and the immune cells in the lamina propria. Prior to further clinical trials, comprehensive literature reviews and rigid examination concerning the underlying mechanism are necessary. To this end, we collected and reviewed 197 published reports regarding the mechanisms, bioactivities, and clinical effects of BA and NaB to modulate gut inflammatory diseases. Our review found insufficient evidence to guarantee the safety of clinical practice of BA and NaB, either by anal enema or oral administration of capsule or tablet. The safety of clinical use of BA and NaB should be further evaluated. Alternatively, dietary patterns rich in "fruits, vegetables and beans" may be an effective and safe approach to prevent gut inflammatory disease, which elevates gut microbiota-dependent production of BA. Our review provides a comprehensive reference to future clinical trials of BA and NaB to treat gut inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Xianqi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China
| | - Baozhen Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 China.
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19
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Bengtsen M, Winje IM, Eftestøl E, Landskron J, Sun C, Nygård K, Domanska D, Millay DP, Meza-Zepeda LA, Gundersen K. Comparing the epigenetic landscape in myonuclei purified with a PCM1 antibody from a fast/glycolytic and a slow/oxidative muscle. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009907. [PMID: 34752468 PMCID: PMC8604348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle cells have different phenotypes adapted to different usage, and can be grossly divided into fast/glycolytic and slow/oxidative types. While most muscles contain a mixture of such fiber types, we aimed at providing a genome-wide analysis of the epigenetic landscape by ChIP-Seq in two muscle extremes, the fast/glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow/oxidative soleus muscles. Muscle is a heterogeneous tissue where up to 60% of the nuclei can be of a different origin. Since cellular homogeneity is critical in epigenome-wide association studies we developed a new method for purifying skeletal muscle nuclei from whole tissue, based on the nuclear envelope protein Pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) being a specific marker for myonuclei. Using antibody labelling and a magnetic-assisted sorting approach, we were able to sort out myonuclei with 95% purity in muscles from mice, rats and humans. The sorting eliminated influence from the other cell types in the tissue and improved the myo-specific signal. A genome-wide comparison of the epigenetic landscape in EDL and soleus reflected the differences in the functional properties of the two muscles, and revealed distinct regulatory programs involving distal enhancers, including a glycolytic super-enhancer in the EDL. The two muscles were also regulated by different sets of transcription factors; e.g. in soleus, binding sites for MEF2C, NFATC2 and PPARA were enriched, while in EDL MYOD1 and SIX1 binding sites were found to be overrepresented. In addition, more novel transcription factors for muscle regulation such as members of the MAF family, ZFX and ZBTB14 were identified. Complex tissues like skeletal muscle contain a variety of cells which confound the analysis of each cell type when based on homogenates, thus only about half of the cell nuclei in muscles reside inside the muscle cells. We here describe a labelling and sorting technique that allowed us to study the epigenetic landscape in purified muscle cell nuclei leaving the other cell types out. Differences between a fast/glycolytic and a slow/oxidative muscle were studied. While all skeletal muscle fibers have a similar make up and basic function, they differ in their physiology and the way they are used. Thus, some fibers are fast contracting but fatigable, and are used for short lasting explosive tasks such as sprinting. Other fibers are slow and are used for more prolonged tasks such as standing or long distance running. Since fiber type correlate with metabolic profile these features can also be related to metabolic diseases. We here show that the epigenetic landscape differed in gene loci corresponding to the differences in functional properties, and revealed that the two types are enriched in different gene regulatory networks. Exercise can alter muscle phenotype, and the epigenetic landscape might be related to how plastic different properties are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Bengtsen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Einar Eftestøl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Chengyi Sun
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kamilla Nygård
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Diana Domanska
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Douglas P. Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Kalashnikov VE, Tyganov SA, Turtikova OV, Kalashnikova EP, Glazova MV, Mirzoev TM, Shenkman BS. Prochlorperazine Withdraws the Delayed Onset Tonic Activity of Unloaded Rat Soleus Muscle: A Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111161. [PMID: 34833037 PMCID: PMC8618166 DOI: 10.3390/life11111161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A gradual increase in rat soleus muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity is known to occur after 3–4 days of hindlimb suspension/unloading (HS). The physiological significance and mechanisms of such activity of motoneurons under unloading conditions are currently unclear. Since hyperactivity of motoneurons and muscle spasticity after spinal cord injury are associated with KCC2 downregulation, we hypothesized that a decrease in potassium (K+)/chloride (Cl−) co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in motoneurons would be responsible for an increase in soleus muscle EMG activity during HS. We aimed to investigate the effect of prochlorperazine (KCC2 activator) on the electrical activity of rat soleus muscle under HS. Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: (1) vivarium control (C), (2) 7-day HS group (7HS) and (3) 7-day HS group plus intraperitoneal injections of prochlorperazine (10 mg/kg, daily) (7HS + P). Expression of proteins in the motoneurons of the lumbar spinal cord was determined by Western blotting. An electromyogram of the rat soleus muscle was recorded using intramuscular electrodes. KCC2 content after 7-day HS significantly decreased by 34% relative to the control group. HS-induced decrease in KCC2 protein content was prevented by prochlorperazine administration. HS also induced a significant 80% decrease in KCC2 Ser940 phosphorylation; however prochlorperazine did not affect KCC2 phosphorylation. The treatment of the rats with prochlorperazine prevented a HS-induced increase in Na(+)/K(+)/(Cl−) co-transporter 1 (KCC2 antagonist) protein content. In parallel with the restoration of KCC2 content, prochlorperazine administration during HS partially prevented an increase in the soleus muscle tonic EMG activity. Thus, prochlorperazine administration during 7-day HS prevents a decrease in KCC2 protein expression in motoneurons and significantly reduces the level of HS-induced soleus muscle electrical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy E. Kalashnikov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.K.); (S.A.T.); (O.V.T.); (E.P.K.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Sergey A. Tyganov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.K.); (S.A.T.); (O.V.T.); (E.P.K.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Olga V. Turtikova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.K.); (S.A.T.); (O.V.T.); (E.P.K.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Ekaterina P. Kalashnikova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.K.); (S.A.T.); (O.V.T.); (E.P.K.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Margarita V. Glazova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Timur M. Mirzoev
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.K.); (S.A.T.); (O.V.T.); (E.P.K.); (B.S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Boris S. Shenkman
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (V.E.K.); (S.A.T.); (O.V.T.); (E.P.K.); (B.S.S.)
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21
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Does Physical Inactivity Induce Significant Changes in Human Gut Microbiota? New Answers Using the Dry Immersion Hypoactivity Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113865. [PMID: 34836120 PMCID: PMC8620432 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota, a major contributor to human health, is influenced by physical activity and diet, and displays a functional cross-talk with skeletal muscle. Conversely, few data are available on the impact of hypoactivity, although sedentary lifestyles are widespread and associated with negative health and socio-economic impacts. The study aim was to determine the effect of Dry Immersion (DI), a severe hypoactivity model, on the human gut microbiota composition. Stool samples were collected from 14 healthy men before and after 5 days of DI to determine the gut microbiota taxonomic profiles by 16S metagenomic sequencing in strictly controlled dietary conditions. The α and β diversities indices were unchanged. However, the operational taxonomic units associated with the Clostridiales order and the Lachnospiraceae family, belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, were significantly increased after DI. Propionate, a short-chain fatty acid metabolized by skeletal muscle, was significantly reduced in post-DI stool samples. The finding that intestine bacteria are sensitive to hypoactivity raises questions about their impact and role in chronic sedentary lifestyles.
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22
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Mallard J, Hucteau E, Hureau TJ, Pagano AF. Skeletal Muscle Deconditioning in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: Current Knowledge and Insights From Other Cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:719643. [PMID: 34595171 PMCID: PMC8476809 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.719643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents the most commonly diagnosed cancer while neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies are extensively used in order to reduce tumor development and improve disease-free survival. However, chemotherapy also leads to severe off-target side-effects resulting, together with the tumor itself, in major skeletal muscle deconditioning. This review first focuses on recent advances in both macroscopic changes and cellular mechanisms implicated in skeletal muscle deconditioning of breast cancer patients, particularly as a consequence of the chemotherapy treatment. To date, only six clinical studies used muscle biopsies in breast cancer patients and highlighted several important aspects of muscle deconditioning such as a decrease in muscle fibers cross-sectional area, a dysregulation of protein turnover balance and mitochondrial alterations. However, in comparison with the knowledge accumulated through decades of intensive research with many different animal and human models of muscle atrophy, more studies are necessary to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the cellular processes implicated in breast cancer-mediated muscle deconditioning. This understanding is indeed essential to ultimately lead to the implementation of efficient preventive strategies such as exercise, nutrition or pharmacological treatments. We therefore also discuss potential mechanisms implicated in muscle deconditioning by drawing a parallel with other cancer cachexia models of muscle wasting, both at the pre-clinical and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Mallard
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, UR 3072, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Centre Européen d'Enseignement de Recherche et d'Innovation en Physiologie de l'Exercice (CEERIPE), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elyse Hucteau
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, UR 3072, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Centre Européen d'Enseignement de Recherche et d'Innovation en Physiologie de l'Exercice (CEERIPE), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas J Hureau
- Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, UR 3072, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Centre Européen d'Enseignement de Recherche et d'Innovation en Physiologie de l'Exercice (CEERIPE), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Allan F Pagano
- Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, UR 3072, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Centre Européen d'Enseignement de Recherche et d'Innovation en Physiologie de l'Exercice (CEERIPE), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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23
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Tanaka M, Morifuji T, Sugimoto K, Akasaka H, Fujimoto T, Yoshikawa M, Nakanishi R, Kondo H, Fujino H. Effects of combined treatment with blood flow restriction and low-current electrical stimulation on capillary regression in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1219-1229. [PMID: 34570639 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00366.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the preventive effects of low-current electrical stimulation (ES) under blood flow restriction (Bfr) on diabetes-associated capillary regression in skeletal muscles, we assessed the changes in three-dimensional capillary architecture and angiogenic factors. Twenty-four Goto-Kakizaki rats were randomly divided into four groups: the sedentary diabetes mellitus (DM), Bfr (DM + Bfr), electrical stimulation (DM + ES), and Bfr plus ES (DM + Bfr + ES) groups. Six healthy Wistar rats were used as age-matched controls. Bfr was performed using pressure cuffs (80 mmHg) around the thighs of the rats, and low-current ES was applied to the calf muscles of the rats. The current intensity was set at 30% of the maximal isometric contraction (24-30 mA). The treatments were delivered three times a week for 8 wk. In the DM group, the capillary diameter and volume of the soleus muscle decreased, and, the antiangiogenic factor level increased. Furthermore, DM caused an increase in the hypoxia-inducible factor. Individually, Bfr or ES treatments failed to inhibit the DM-associated capillary regression and increase in antiangiogenic factor. However, combined treatment with Bfr and ES prevented DM-associated capillary regression via inhibition of the increased antiangiogenic factor and enhancement of interleukin-15 expression, mitochondrial biogenesis factors, and a proangiogenic factor. Therefore, DM-associated capillary regression inhibited by the combined treatment may prevent the effects of the increased antiangiogenic factor and enhance the proangiogenic factor.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The combined treatment of blood flow restriction and low intensity electrical stimulation attenuated type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated capillary regression in the skeletal muscles. The treatment inhibits the T2D-associated increase in antiangiogenic factors via inhibition of intramuscular chronic hypoxia; it can inhibit intramuscular chronic hypoxia by enhancing proangiogenic factors. These results suggest that the combined treatment may be an effective therapeutic intervention for the prevention of T2D-associated capillary regression in the skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morifuji
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Josai International University, Togane, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- General and Geriatric Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Madoka Yoshikawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakanishi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science, Kobe, Japan.,Faculty of Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Therapy, Kobe International University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Science, Kobe, Japan
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24
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Weddell T, Bashford J, Wickham A, Iniesta R, Chen M, Zhou P, Drakakis E, Boutelle M, Mills K, Shaw C. First-recruited motor units adopt a faster phenotype in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Physiol 2021; 599:4117-4130. [PMID: 34261189 DOI: 10.1113/jp281310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons, carrying a short survival. High-density motor unit recordings permit analysis of motor unit size (amplitude) and firing behaviour (afterhyperpolarization duration and muscle fibre conduction velocity). Serial recordings from biceps brachii indicated that motor units fired faster and with greater amplitude as disease progressed. First-recruited motor units in the latter stages of ALS developed characteristics akin to fast-twitch motor units, possibly as a compensatory mechanism for the selective loss of this motor unit subset. This process may become maladaptive, highlighting a novel therapeutic target to reduce motor unit vulnerability. ABSTRACT Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a median survival of 3 years. We employed serial high-density surface electromyography (HDSEMG) to characterize voluntary and ectopic patterns of motor unit (MU) firing at different stages of disease. By distinguishing MU subtypes with variable vulnerability to disease, we aimed to evaluate compensatory neuronal adaptations that accompany disease progression. Twenty patients with ALS and five patients with benign fasciculation syndrome (BFS) underwent 1-7 assessments each. HDSEMG measurements comprised 30 min of resting muscle and 1 min of light voluntary activity from biceps brachii bilaterally. MU decomposition was performed by the progressive FastICA peel-off technique. Inter-spike interval, firing pattern, MU potential area, afterhyperpolarization duration and muscle fibre conduction velocity were determined. In total, 373 MUs (ALS = 287; BFS = 86) were identified from 182 recordings. Weak ALS muscles demonstrated a lower mean inter-spike interval (82.7 ms) than strong ALS muscles (96.0 ms; P = 0.00919) and BFS muscles (95.3 ms; P = 0.0039). Mean MU potential area (area under the curve: 487.5 vs. 98.7 μV ms; P < 0.0001) and muscle fibre conduction velocity (6.2 vs. 5.1 m/s; P = 0.0292) were greater in weak ALS muscles than in BFS muscles. Purely fasciculating MUs had a greater mean MU potential area than MUs also under voluntary command (area under the curve: 679.6 vs. 232.4 μV ms; P = 0.00144). These results suggest that first-recruited MUs develop a faster phenotype in the latter stages of ALS, likely driven by the preferential loss of vulnerable fast-twitch MUs. Inhibition of this potentially maladaptive phenotypic drift may protect the longevity of the MU pool, stimulating a novel therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weddell
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Bashford
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aidan Wickham
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raquel Iniesta
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maoqi Chen
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering, The University of Rehabilitation, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering, The University of Rehabilitation, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Martyn Boutelle
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kerry Mills
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Shaw
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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25
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Deschenes MR, Trebelhorn AM, High MC, Tufts HL, Oh J. Sensitivity of subcellular components of neuromuscular junctions to decreased neuromuscular activity. Synapse 2021; 75:e22220. [PMID: 34318955 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Muscle unloading imparts subtotal disuse on the neuromuscular system resulting in reduced performance capacity. This loss of function, at least in part, can be attributed to disruptions at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). However, research has failed to document morphological remodeling of the NMJ with short term muscle unloading. Here, rather than quantifying cellular components of the NMJ, we examined subcellular active zone responses to 2 weeks of unloading in male Wistar rats. It was revealed that in the plantaris, but not the soleus muscles, unloading elicited significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrements in active zone staining as measured by Bassoon, and calcium channel expression. It was also discovered that unloading decreased the area of calcium channels staining relative to active zone areas of staining suggesting potential interference in the ability of calcium influx to trigger the release of vesicles docked at the active zone. Post-synaptic adaptations of the motor endplate were not evident. This presynaptic subcellular size reduction was not associated with atrophy of the underlying plantaris muscle fibers, although atrophy of the weight-bearing soleus fibers, where no subcellular remodeling was evident, was noted. These results suggest that the active zone is highly sensitive to alterations in neuromuscular activity, and that morphological adaptation of excitatory and contractile components of the NMJ can occur independently of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Deschenes
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Audrey M Trebelhorn
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Madeline C High
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Hannah L Tufts
- Program in Neuroscience, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeongeun Oh
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
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26
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Tanaka M, Ikeji T, Nakanishi R, Hirabayashi T, Ono K, Hirayama Y, Tategaki A, Kondo H, Ishihara A, Fujino H. Protective effects of Enterococcus faecium strain R30 supplementation on decreased muscle endurance under disuse in rats. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1961-1970. [PMID: 34216158 DOI: 10.1113/ep089677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does Enterococcus faecium strain R30 (R30), a new lactic acid bacterial strain for supplementation, attenuate shifts in the typology of whole muscle fibres from slow- to fast-twitch by altering the autonomic nervous system in atrophied skeletal muscles? What is the main finding and its importance? R30 supplementation may attenuate the shifts in the typology of whole muscle fibres from slow- to fast-twitch fibres by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α and activating the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells signalling pathway, thus ameliorating the decrease in muscle endurance associated with disuse. ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecium strain R30 (R30), a new lactic acid bacterial strain for supplementation, was hypothesized to attenuate shifts in the typology of whole muscle fibres from slow- to fast-twitch fibres in atrophied skeletal muscles. We further postulated that the prevention of slow-to-fast fibre shifts would suppress the decreased muscle endurance associated with atrophy. To evaluate the protective effects of R30, we analysed slow-to-fast fibre shifts and disuse-associated reduced muscle endurance. R30 was administered to rats with an acclimation period of 7 days before hindlimb unloading (HU) for 2 weeks. The composition ratio of the fibre type and the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) were measured. Muscle endurance was evaluated at the end of the 2-week HU period in an in situ environment. R30 supplementation suppressed the slow-to-fast fibre switch and decreased the HU-induced expression of PGC-1α proteins and the deactivation of the calcineurin-NFAT pathway. Furthermore, R30 prevented a decrease in HU-associated muscle endurance in calf muscles. These results indicate that R30 supplementation may attenuate the shifts in the typology of whole muscle fibres from slow- to fast-twitch fibres via the upregulation of PGC-1α and the activation of the calcineurin-NFAT signalling pathway, thereby ameliorating the decrease in muscle endurance associated with disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Ikeji
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakanishi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.,Faculty of Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Therapy, Kobe international University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hirabayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kohei Ono
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirayama
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Takasago, Japan
| | - Airo Tategaki
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Takasago, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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27
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Shenkman BS, Sharlo KA. How Muscle Activity Controls Slow
Myosin Expression. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s002209302103011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Sekunov AV, Protopopov VA, Skurygin VV, Shalagina MN, Bryndina IG. Muscle Plasticity under Functional Unloading: Effects of an Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibitor Clomipramine. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021040165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Tyganov SA, Mochalova E, Belova S, Sharlo K, Rozhkov S, Kalashnikov V, Turtikova O, Mirzoev T, Shenkman B. Plantar mechanical stimulation attenuates protein synthesis decline in disused skeletal muscle via modulation of nitric oxide level. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9806. [PMID: 33963253 PMCID: PMC8105341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Both research conducted under microgravity conditions and ground-based space analog studies have shown that air pump-based plantar mechanical stimulation (PMS) of cutaneous mechanoreceptors of the sole of the foot is able to increase neuromuscular activity in the musculature of the lower limbs. This type of stimulation is able to attenuate unloading-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and impaired muscle function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PMS on anabolic signaling pathways in rat soleus muscle following 7-day hindlimb suspension (HS) and to elucidate if the effects of PMS on anabolic processes would be NO-dependent. The soles of the feet were stimulated with a frequency of 1-s inflation/1-s deflation with a total of 20 min followed by 10 min rest. This cycle was repeated for 4 h each day. We observed a decrease in the soleus muscle mass after 7-day HS, which was not prevented by PMS. We also observed a decrease in slow-type fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) by 56%, which significantly exceeded a decrease (-22%) in fast-type fiber CSA. PMS prevented a reduction in slow-twitch fiber CSA, but had no effect on fast-twitch fiber CSA. PMS prevented a 63% decrease in protein synthesis after 7-day HS as well as changes in several key anabolic signaling regulators, such as p70S6k, 4E-BP1, GSK3β, eEF-2, p90RSK. PMS also prevented a decrease in the markers of translational capacity (18S and 28S rRNA, c-myc, 45S pre-rRNA). Some effects of PMS on anabolic signaling were altered due to NO-synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) administration. Thus, PMS is able to partially prevent atrophic processes in rat soleus muscle during 7-day HS, affecting slow-type muscle fibers. This effect is mediated by alterations in anabolic signaling pathways and may depend on NO-synthase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Tyganov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76a, Moscow, Russian Federation, 123007.
| | - Ekaterina Mochalova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76a, Moscow, Russian Federation, 123007
| | - Svetlana Belova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76a, Moscow, Russian Federation, 123007
| | - Kristina Sharlo
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76a, Moscow, Russian Federation, 123007
| | - Sergey Rozhkov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76a, Moscow, Russian Federation, 123007
| | - Vitaliy Kalashnikov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76a, Moscow, Russian Federation, 123007
| | - Olga Turtikova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76a, Moscow, Russian Federation, 123007
| | - Timur Mirzoev
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76a, Moscow, Russian Federation, 123007
| | - Boris Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76a, Moscow, Russian Federation, 123007
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30
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Just-Borràs L, Cilleros-Mañé V, Hurtado E, Biondi O, Charbonnier F, Tomàs M, Garcia N, Tomàs J, Lanuza MA. Running and Swimming Differently Adapt the BDNF/TrkB Pathway to a Slow Molecular Pattern at the NMJ. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4577. [PMID: 33925507 PMCID: PMC8123836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise improves motor control and related cognitive abilities and reinforces neuroprotective mechanisms in the nervous system. As peripheral nerves interact with skeletal muscles at the neuromuscular junction, modifications of this bidirectional communication by physical activity are positive to preserve this synapse as it increases quantal content and resistance to fatigue, acetylcholine receptors expansion, and myocytes' fast-to-slow functional transition. Here, we provide the intermediate step between physical activity and functional and morphological changes by analyzing the molecular adaptations in the skeletal muscle of the full BDNF/TrkB downstream signaling pathway, directly involved in acetylcholine release and synapse maintenance. After 45 days of training at different intensities, the BDNF/TrkB molecular phenotype of trained muscles from male B6SJLF1/J mice undergo a fast-to-slow transition without affecting motor neuron size. We provide further knowledge to understand how exercise induces muscle molecular adaptations towards a slower phenotype, resistant to prolonged trains of stimulation or activity that can be useful as therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Just-Borràs
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Víctor Cilleros-Mañé
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Erica Hurtado
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Olivier Biondi
- INSERM UMRS 1124, Université de Paris, CEDEX 06, F-75270 Paris, France; (O.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Frédéric Charbonnier
- INSERM UMRS 1124, Université de Paris, CEDEX 06, F-75270 Paris, France; (O.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Marta Tomàs
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Neus Garcia
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Josep Tomàs
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Maria A. Lanuza
- Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia (UHNEUROB), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.J.-B.); (V.C.-M.); (E.H.); (M.T.); (N.G.)
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31
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Shenkman BS, Tsaturyan AK, Vikhlyantsev IM, Kozlovskaya IB, Grigoriev AI. Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Tone Impairment under Conditions of Real and Simulated Space Flight. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:85-97. [PMID: 34377559 PMCID: PMC8327152 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.10953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kozlovskaya et al. [1] and Grigoriev et al. [2] showed that enormous loss of muscle stiffness (atonia) develops in humans under true (space flight) and simulated microgravity conditions as early as after the first days of exposure. This phenomenon is attributed to the inactivation of slow motor units and called reflectory atonia. However, a lot of evidence indicating that even isolated muscle or a single fiber possesses substantial stiffness was published at the end of the 20th century. This intrinsic stiffness is determined by the active component, i.e. the ability to form actin-myosin cross-bridges during muscle stretch and contraction, as well as by cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins, capable of resisting muscle stretch. The main facts on intrinsic muscle stiffness under conditions of gravitational unloading are considered in this review. The data obtained in studies of humans under dry immersion and rodent hindlimb suspension is analyzed. The results and hypotheses regarding reduced probability of cross-bridge formation in an atrophying muscle due to increased interfilament spacing are described. The evidence of cytoskeletal protein (titin, nebulin, etc.) degradation during gravitational unloading is also discussed. The possible mechanisms underlying structural changes in skeletal muscle collagen and its role in reducing intrinsic muscle stiffness are presented. The molecular mechanisms of changes in intrinsic stiffness during space flight and simulated microgravity are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. S. Shenkman
- State Scientific Center of Russian Federation – Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, 123007 Russia
| | - A. K. Tsaturyan
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Research Institute of Mechanics, Moscow, 119192 Russia
| | - I. M. Vikhlyantsev
- Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Biophysics, Moscow Region, Pushchino, 142290 Russia
| | - I. B. Kozlovskaya
- State Scientific Center of Russian Federation – Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, 123007 Russia
| | - A. I. Grigoriev
- State Scientific Center of Russian Federation – Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, 123007 Russia
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32
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Khodabukus A. Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Models to Study Muscle Function, Plasticity, and Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:619710. [PMID: 33716768 PMCID: PMC7952620 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.619710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses remarkable plasticity that permits functional adaptations to a wide range of signals such as motor input, exercise, and disease. Small animal models have been pivotal in elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle adaptation and plasticity. However, these small animal models fail to accurately model human muscle disease resulting in poor clinical success of therapies. Here, we review the potential of in vitro three-dimensional tissue-engineered skeletal muscle models to study muscle function, plasticity, and disease. First, we discuss the generation and function of in vitro skeletal muscle models. We then discuss the genetic, neural, and hormonal factors regulating skeletal muscle fiber-type in vivo and the ability of current in vitro models to study muscle fiber-type regulation. We also evaluate the potential of these systems to be utilized in a patient-specific manner to accurately model and gain novel insights into diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and volumetric muscle loss. We conclude with a discussion on future developments required for tissue-engineered skeletal muscle models to become more mature, biomimetic, and widely utilized for studying muscle physiology, disease, and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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33
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Vidal A, Rios R, Pineda C, Lopez I, Raya AI, Aguilera-Tejero E, Rivero JLL. Increased 1,25(OH) 2-Vitamin D Concentrations after Energy Restriction Are Associated with Changes in Skeletal Muscle Phenotype. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020607. [PMID: 33673262 PMCID: PMC7918565 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of energy restriction (ER) on muscle is controversial, and the mechanisms are not well understood. To study the effect of ER on skeletal muscle phenotype and the influence of vitamin D, rats (n = 34) were fed a control diet or an ER diet. Muscle mass, muscle somatic index (MSI), fiber-type composition, fiber size, and metabolic activity were studied in tibialis cranialis (TC) and soleus (SOL) muscles. Plasma vitamin D metabolites and renal expression of enzymes involved in vitamin D metabolism were measured. In the ER group, muscle weight was unchanged in TC and decreased by 12% in SOL, but MSI increased in both muscles (p < 0.0001) by 55% and 36%, respectively. Histomorphometric studies showed 14% increase in the percentage of type IIA fibers and 13% reduction in type IIX fibers in TC of ER rats. Decreased size of type I fibers and reduced oxidative activity was identified in SOL of ER rats. An increase in plasma 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D (169.7 ± 6.8 vs. 85.4 ± 11.5 pg/mL, p < 0.0001) with kidney up-regulation of CYP27b1 and down-regulation of CYP24a1 was observed in ER rats. Plasma vitamin D correlated with MSI in both muscles (p < 0.001), with the percentages of type IIA and type IIX fibers in TC and with the oxidative profile in SOL. In conclusion, ER preserves skeletal muscle mass, improves contractile phenotype in phasic muscles (TC), and reduces energy expenditure in antigravity muscles (SOL). These beneficial effects are closely related to the increases in vitamin D secondary to ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Vidal
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.V.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (I.L.); (A.I.R.)
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Rios
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.V.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (I.L.); (A.I.R.)
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Pineda
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.V.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (I.L.); (A.I.R.)
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lopez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.V.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (I.L.); (A.I.R.)
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana I. Raya
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.V.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (I.L.); (A.I.R.)
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Escolastico Aguilera-Tejero
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.V.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (I.L.); (A.I.R.)
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957-21-8714
| | - Jose-Luis L. Rivero
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Pathological Anatomy, and Toxicology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain;
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34
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Sharlo KA, Paramonova II, Lvova ID, Mochalova EP, Kalashnikov VE, Vilchinskaya NA, Tyganov SA, Konstantinova TS, Shevchenko TF, Kalamkarov GR, Shenkman BS. Plantar Mechanical Stimulation Maintains Slow Myosin Expression in Disused Rat Soleus Muscle via NO-Dependent Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1372. [PMID: 33573052 PMCID: PMC7866401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It was observed that gravitational unloading during space missions and simulated microgravity in ground-based studies leads to both transformation of slow-twitch muscle fibers into fast-twitch fibers and to the elimination of support afferentation, leading to the "switching-off" of postural muscle motor units electrical activity. In recent years, plantar mechanical stimulation (PMS) has been found to maintain the neuromuscular activity of the hindlimb muscles. Nitric oxide (NO) was shown to be one of the mediators of muscle fiber activity, which can also promote slow-type myosin expression. We hypothesized that applying PMS during rat hindlimb unloading would lead to NO production upregulation and prevention of the unloading-induced slow-to-fast fiber-type shift in rat soleus muscles. To test this hypothesis, Wistar rats were hindlimb suspended and subjected to daily PMS, and one group of PMS-subjected animals was also treated with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME). We discovered that PMS led to sustained NO level in soleus muscles of the suspended animals, and NOS inhibitor administration blocked this effect, as well as the positive effects of PMS on myosin I and IIa mRNA transcription and slow-to-fast fiber-type ratio during rat hindlimb unloading. The results of the study indicate that NOS activity is necessary for the PMS-mediated prevention of slow-to-fast fiber-type shift and myosin I and IIa mRNA transcription decreases during rat hindlimb unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A. Sharlo
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Inna I. Paramonova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Irina D. Lvova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Ekaterina P. Mochalova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Vitaliy E. Kalashnikov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Natalia A. Vilchinskaya
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Sergey A. Tyganov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Tatyana S. Konstantinova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.K.); (T.F.S.); (G.R.K.)
| | - Tatiana F. Shevchenko
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.K.); (T.F.S.); (G.R.K.)
| | - Grigoriy R. Kalamkarov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.K.); (T.F.S.); (G.R.K.)
| | - Boris S. Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (E.P.M.); (V.E.K.); (N.A.V.); (S.A.T.); (B.S.S.)
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35
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Gorza L, Sorge M, Seclì L, Brancaccio M. Master Regulators of Muscle Atrophy: Role of Costamere Components. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010061. [PMID: 33401549 PMCID: PMC7823551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and force characterizes muscle atrophy in several different conditions, which share the expression of atrogenes and the activation of their transcriptional regulators. However, attempts to antagonize muscle atrophy development in different experimental contexts by targeting contributors to the atrogene pathway showed partial effects in most cases. Other master regulators might independently contribute to muscle atrophy, as suggested by our recent evidence about the co-requirement of the muscle-specific chaperone protein melusin to inhibit unloading muscle atrophy development. Furthermore, melusin and other muscle mass regulators, such as nNOS, belong to costameres, the macromolecular complexes that connect sarcolemma to myofibrils and to the extracellular matrix, in correspondence with specific sarcomeric sites. Costameres sense a mechanical load and transduce it both as lateral force and biochemical signals. Recent evidence further broadens this classic view, by revealing the crucial participation of costameres in a sarcolemmal “signaling hub” integrating mechanical and humoral stimuli, where mechanical signals are coupled with insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor stimulation to regulate muscle mass. Therefore, this review aims to enucleate available evidence concerning the early involvement of costamere components and additional putative master regulators in the development of major types of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Seclì
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.B.)
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36
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Hettige P, Tahir U, Nishikawa KC, Gage MJ. Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes of EDL, psoas, and soleus muscles from mice. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:808. [PMID: 33213377 PMCID: PMC7678079 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual skeletal muscles have evolved to perform specific tasks based on their molecular composition. In general, muscle fibers are characterized as either fast-twitch or slow-twitch based on their myosin heavy chain isoform profiles. This approach made sense in the early days of muscle studies when SDS-PAGE was the primary tool for mapping fiber type. However, Next Generation Sequencing tools permit analysis of the entire muscle transcriptome in a single sample, which allows for more precise characterization of differences among fiber types, including distinguishing between different isoforms of specific proteins. We demonstrate the power of this approach by comparing the differential gene expression patterns of extensor digitorum longus (EDL), psoas, and soleus from mice using high throughput RNA sequencing. RESULTS EDL and psoas are typically classified as fast-twitch muscles based on their myosin expression pattern, while soleus is considered a slow-twitch muscle. The majority of the transcriptomic variability aligns with the fast-twitch and slow-twitch characterization. However, psoas and EDL exhibit unique expression patterns associated with the genes coding for extracellular matrix, myofibril, transcription, translation, striated muscle adaptation, mitochondrion distribution, and metabolism. Furthermore, significant expression differences between psoas and EDL were observed in genes coding for myosin light chain, troponin, tropomyosin isoforms, and several genes encoding the constituents of the Z-disk. CONCLUSIONS The observations highlight the intricate molecular nature of skeletal muscles and demonstrate the importance of utilizing transcriptomic information as a tool for skeletal muscle characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabodha Hettige
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.,UMass Movement Center, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Uzma Tahir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Kiisa C Nishikawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Matthew J Gage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA. .,UMass Movement Center, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
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37
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Approaching Gravity as a Continuum Using the Rat Partial Weight-Bearing Model. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10100235. [PMID: 33049988 PMCID: PMC7599661 DOI: 10.3390/life10100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, scientists have relied on animals to understand the risks and consequences of space travel. Animals remain key to study the physiological alterations during spaceflight and provide crucial information about microgravity-induced changes. While spaceflights may appear common, they remain costly and, coupled with limited cargo areas, do not allow for large sample sizes onboard. In 1979, a model of hindlimb unloading (HU) was successfully created to mimic microgravity and has been used extensively since its creation. Four decades later, the first model of mouse partial weight-bearing (PWB) was developed, aiming at mimicking partial gravity environments. Return to the Lunar surface for astronauts is now imminent and prompted the need for an animal model closer to human physiology; hence in 2018, our laboratory created a new model of PWB for adult rats. In this review, we will focus on the rat model of PWB, from its conception to the current state of knowledge. Additionally, we will address how this new model, used in conjunction with HU, will help implement new paradigms allowing scientists to anticipate the physiological alterations and needs of astronauts. Finally, we will discuss the outstanding questions and future perspectives in space research and propose potential solutions using the rat PWB model.
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38
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Tanaka M, Sugimoto K, Fujimoto T, Xie K, Takahashi T, Akasaka H, Yasunobe Y, Takeya Y, Yamamoto K, Hirabayashi T, Fujino H, Rakugi H. Differential effects of pre-exercise on cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy in fast- and slow-twitch muscles. FASEB J 2020; 34:14389-14406. [PMID: 32892438 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001330r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that pre-exercise may effectively prevent cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy in both fast- and slow-twitch muscle types. Additionally, the fast-twitch muscle may be more affected by cancer cachexia than slow-twitch muscle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-exercise on cancer cachexia-induced atrophy and on atrophy in fast- and slow-twitch muscles. Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sedentary and exercise groups, and another 24 rats were randomly divided into control, pre-exercise, cancer cachexia induced by intraperitoneal injections of ascites hepatoma AH130 cells, and pre-exercise plus cancer cachexia groups. We analyzed changes in muscle mass and in gene and protein expression levels of major regulators and indicators of muscle protein degradation and synthesis pathways, angiogenic factors, and mitochondrial function in both the plantaris and soleus muscles. Pre-exercise inhibited muscle mass loss, rescued protein synthesis, prevented capillary regression, and suppressed hypoxia in the plantaris and soleus muscles. Pre-exercise inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction differently in fast- and slow-twitch muscles. These results suggested that pre-exercise has the potential to inhibit cancer-cachexia-induced muscle atrophy in both fast- and slow-twitch muscles. Furthermore, the different progressions of cancer-cachexia-induced muscle atrophy in fast- and slow-twitch muscles are related to differences in mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keyu Xie
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yasunobe
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takeya
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Hirabayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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39
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Shenkman BS. How Postural Muscle Senses Disuse? Early Signs and Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5037. [PMID: 32708817 PMCID: PMC7404025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A mammalian soleus muscle along with other "axial" muscles ensures the stability of the body under the Earth's gravity. In rat experiments with hindlimb suspension, zero-gravity parabolic flights as well as in human dry immersion studies, a dramatic decrease in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the soleus muscle has been repeatedly shown. Most of the motor units of the soleus muscle convert from a state of activity to a state of rest which is longer than under natural conditions. And the state of rest gradually converts to the state of disuse. This review addresses a number of metabolic events that characterize the earliest stage of the cessation of the soleus muscle contractile activity. One to three days of mechanical unloading are accompanied by energy-dependent dephosphorylation of AMPK, accumulation of the reactive oxygen species, as well as accumulation of resting myoplasmic calcium. In this transition period, a rapid rearrangement of the various signaling pathways occurs, which, primarily, results in a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis (primarily via inhibition of ribosomal biogenesis and activation of endogenous inhibitors of mRNA translation, such as GSK3β) and an increase in proteolysis (via upregulation of muscle-specific E3-ubiquitin ligases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris S Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia
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40
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Sharlo KA, Paramonova II, Lvova ID, Vilchinskaya NA, Bugrova AE, Shevchenko TF, Kalamkarov GR, Shenkman BS. NO-Dependent Mechanisms of Myosin Heavy Chain Transcription Regulation in Rat Soleus Muscle After 7-Days Hindlimb Unloading. Front Physiol 2020; 11:814. [PMID: 32754051 PMCID: PMC7366496 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that nitric oxide (NO) may affect myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform mRNA transcription in skeletal muscles. The content of NO in soleus muscles decreases during rat hindlimb unloading as well as slow MyHC mRNA transcription. We aimed to detect which signaling pathways are involved in NO-dependent prevention of hindlimb-suspension (HS)-induced changes in MyHCs’ expression pattern. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: cage control group (C), hindlimb suspended for 7 days (7HS), hindlimb suspended for 7 days with L-arginine administration (7HS+A) (500 mg/kg body mass), and hindlimb suspended for 7 days with both L-arginine (500 mg/kg) and NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME administration (50 mg/kg) (7HS+A+N). L-arginine treatment during 7 days of rat HS prevented HS-induced NO content decrease and slow MyHC mRNA transcription decrease and attenuated fast MyHC IIb mRNA transcription increase; it also prevented NFATc1 nuclear content decrease, calsarcin-2 expression increase, and GSK-3β Ser 9 phosphorylation decrease. Moreover, L-arginine administration prevented the HS-induced myh7b and PGC1α mRNAs content decreases and slow-type genes repressor SOX6 mRNA transcription increase. All these slow fiber-type protective effects of L-arginine were blocked in HS+A+N group, indicating that these effects were NO-dependent. Thus, NO decrease prevention during HS restores calcineurin/NFATc1 and myh7b/SOX6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A Sharlo
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna I Paramonova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina D Lvova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A Vilchinskaya
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna E Bugrova
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana F Shevchenko
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigoriy R Kalamkarov
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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41
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Ravn MK, Ostergaard TI, Schroeder HD, Nyengaard JR, Lambertsen KL, Frich LH. Supraspinatus and deltoid muscle fiber composition in rotator cuff tear conditions. JSES Int 2020; 4:431-437. [PMID: 32939464 PMCID: PMC7479021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rotator cuff (RC) tears are associated with RC muscle atrophy and changes in composition that are crucial to the prognosis of RC repair. The aim of this study was to characterize muscle fiber composition in the supraspinatus (SS) muscle under tear conditions. Methods Muscle biopsies were obtained from 21 patients undergoing surgery for an RC tendon tear. Biopsies were obtained from the musculotendinous junction of the SS muscle, and control biopsies were harvested from the deltoid muscle (DT). Biopsies were immunohistochemically processed for detection of type 1 (slow type) and type 2 (fast type) fibers and analyzed using unbiased, stereological principles. We counted the total numbers of type 1 and 2 muscle fibers/mm2, and fiber diameter was used to estimate muscle fiber atrophy and hypertrophy. Results We found significantly more type 2 cells/mm2 in the SS compared with the DT (P < .01). In addition, we found a significantly higher fraction of type 1 fibers than type 2 fibers in the DT (P < .01), whereas both fiber types were equally present in the SS. The diameters of SS cells were generally smaller than those of DT cells. Atrophy of especially SS type 2 fibers was also demonstrated. Fiber atrophy was more pronounced in men than women. Conclusion The changes in the composition of SS muscle cell types suggest a shift from type 1 to type 2 muscle fibers and atrophy of both type 1 and 2 fibers. This composition indicates loss of endurance and rapid fatigue of the SS muscle under RC tear conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Kjaer Ravn
- Department of Orthopaedics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,The Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine Ivarsen Ostergaard
- Department of Orthopaedics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,The Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Center for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kate Lykke Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,BRIDGE - Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Henrik Frich
- Department of Orthopaedics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,The Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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42
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Dalle S, Koppo K. Is inflammatory signaling involved in disease-related muscle wasting? Evidence from osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type II diabetes. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110964. [PMID: 32407865 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Muscle loss is an important feature that occurs in multiple pathologies including osteoarthritis (OA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type II diabetes (T2D). Despite differences in pathogenesis and disease-related complications, there are reasons to believe that some fundamental underlying mechanisms are inherent to the muscle wasting process, irrespective of the pathology. Recent evidence shows that inflammation, either local or systemic, contributes to the modulation of muscle mass and/or muscle strength, via an altered molecular profile in muscle tissue. However, it remains ambiguous to which extent and via which mechanisms inflammatory signaling affects muscle mass in disease. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to discuss the role of inflammation on skeletal muscle anabolism, catabolism and functionality in three pathologies that are characterized by an eventual loss in muscle mass (and muscle strength), i.e. OA, COPD and T2D. In OA and COPD, most rodent models confirmed that systemic (COPD) or muscle (OA) inflammation directly induces muscle loss or muscle dysfunctionality. However, in a patient population, the association between inflammation and muscular maladaptations are more ambiguous. For example, in T2D patients, systemic inflammation is associated with muscle loss whereas in OA patients this link has not consistently been established. T2D rodent models revealed that increased levels of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and a decreased mTORC1 activation play a key role in muscle atrophy, but it remains to be elucidated whether AGEs and mTORC1 are interconnected and contribute to muscle loss in T2D patients. Generally, if any, associations between inflammation and muscle are mainly based on observational and cross-sectional data. There is definitely a need for longitudinal evidence through well-powered randomized control trials that take into account confounders such as age, disease-phenotypes, comorbidities, physical (in) activity etc. This will allow to improve our understanding of the complex interaction between inflammatory signaling and muscle mass loss and hence contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies to combat muscle wasting in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Dalle
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
Significance: Regular contractile activity plays a critical role in maintaining skeletal muscle morphological integrity and physiological function. If the muscle is forced to stop contraction, such as during limb immobilization (IM), the IGF/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway that normally stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits proteolysis will be suppressed, whereas the FoxO-controlled catabolic pathways such as ubiquitin-proteolysis and autophagy/mitophagy will be activated and dominate, resulting in muscle fiber atrophy. Recent Advances: Mitochondria occupy a central position in the regulation of both protein synthesis and degradation through several redox-sensitive pathways, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins, mitophagy, and sirtuins. Prolonged IM downregulates PGC-1α due to AMPK (5'-AMP-activated protein kinase) and FoxO activation, thus decreasing mitochondrial biogenesis and causing oxidative damage. Decrease of mitochondrial inner membrane potential and increase of mitochondrial fission can trigger cascades of mitophagy leading to loss of mitochondrial homeostasis (mitostasis), inflammation, and apoptosis. The phenotypic outcomes of these disorders are compromised muscle function and fiber atrophy. Critical Issues: Given the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis, it is imperative that the integrity of intracellular signaling be restored to prevent the deterioration. So far, overexpression of PGC-1α via transgene and in vivo DNA transfection has been found to be effective in ameliorating mitostasis and reduces IM-induced muscle atrophy. Nutritional supplementation of select amino acids and phytochemicals also provides mechanistic and practical insights into the prevention of muscle disuse atrophy. Future Directions: In light of the importance of mitochondria in regulating the various critical signaling pathways, future work should focus on exploring new epigenetic strategies to restore mitostasis and redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li Ji
- The Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene and Exercise Science, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dongwook Yeo
- The Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene and Exercise Science, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chounghun Kang
- Departmet Physical Education, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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44
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Qaisar R, Karim A, Elmoselhi AB. Muscle unloading: A comparison between spaceflight and ground-based models. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13431. [PMID: 31840423 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged unloading of skeletal muscle, a common outcome of events such as spaceflight, bed rest and hindlimb unloading, can result in extensive metabolic, structural and functional changes in muscle fibres. With advancement in investigations of cellular and molecular mechanisms, understanding of disuse muscle atrophy has significantly increased. However, substantial gaps exist in our understanding of the processes dictating muscle plasticity during unloading, which prevent us from developing effective interventions to combat muscle loss. This review aims to update the status of knowledge and underlying mechanisms leading to cellular and molecular changes in skeletal muscle during unloading. We have also discussed advances in the understanding of contractile dysfunction during spaceflights and in ground-based models of muscle unloading. Additionally, we have elaborated on potential therapeutic interventions that show promising results in boosting muscle mass and strength during mechanical unloading. Finally, we have identified key gaps in our knowledge as well as possible research direction for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Qaisar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
| | - Asima Karim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
| | - Adel B. Elmoselhi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
- Department of Physiology Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
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Arc-Chagnaud C, Py G, Fovet T, Roumanille R, Demangel R, Pagano AF, Delobel P, Blanc S, Jasmin BJ, Blottner D, Salanova M, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Viña J, Brioche T, Chopard A. Evaluation of an Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Cocktail Against Human Hypoactivity-Induced Skeletal Muscle Deconditioning. Front Physiol 2020; 11:71. [PMID: 32116779 PMCID: PMC7028694 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular pathways involved in the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function induced by muscle disuse is a crucial issue in the context of spaceflight as well as in the clinical field, and development of efficient countermeasures is needed. Recent studies have reported the importance of redox balance dysregulation as a major mechanism leading to muscle wasting. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory cocktail (741 mg of polyphenols, 138 mg of vitamin E, 80 μg of selenium, and 2.1 g of omega-3) in the prevention of muscle deconditioning induced by long-term inactivity. The study consisted of 60 days of hypoactivity using the head-down bed rest (HDBR) model. Twenty healthy men were recruited; half of them received a daily antioxidant/anti-inflammatory supplementation, whereas the other half received a placebo. Muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis muscles before and after bedrest and 10 days after remobilization. After 2 months of HDBR, all subjects presented muscle deconditioning characterized by a loss of muscle strength and an atrophy of muscle fibers, which was not prevented by cocktail supplementation. Our results regarding muscle oxidative damage, mitochondrial content, and protein balance actors refuted the potential protection of the cocktail during long-term inactivity and showed a disturbance of essential signaling pathways (protein balance and mitochondriogenesis) during the remobilization period. This study demonstrated the ineffectiveness of our cocktail supplementation and underlines the complexity of redox balance mechanisms. It raises interrogations regarding the appropriate nutritional intervention to fight against muscle deconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Arc-Chagnaud
- DMEM, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillaume Py
- DMEM, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Théo Fovet
- DMEM, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Rémi Demangel
- DMEM, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Allan F Pagano
- Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Mitochondries, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre Delobel
- DMEM, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- IPHC, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dieter Blottner
- Berlin Center for Space Medicine, Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michele Salanova
- Berlin Center for Space Medicine, Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mari-Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Brioche
- DMEM, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Angèle Chopard
- DMEM, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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Medial gastrocnemius muscles fatigue but do not atrophy in paralyzed cat hindlimb after long-term spinal cord hemisection and unilateral deafferentation. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113201. [PMID: 31953040 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study of medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle and motor units (MUs) after spinal cord hemisection and deafferentation (HSDA) in adult cats, asked 1) whether the absence of muscle atrophy and unaltered contractile speed demonstrated previously in HSDA-paralyzed peroneus longus (PerL) muscles, was apparent in the unloaded HSDA-paralyzed MG muscle, and 2) how ankle unloading impacts MG muscle and MUs after dorsal root sparing (HSDA-SP) with foot placement during standing and locomotion. Chronic isometric contractile forces and speeds were maintained for up to 12 months in all conditions, but fatigability increased exponentially. MU recordings at 8-11½ months corroborated the unchanged muscle force and speed with significantly increased fatigability; normal weights of MG muscle confirmed the lack of disuse atrophy. Fast MUs transitioned from fatigue resistant and intermediate to fatigable accompanied by corresponding fiber type conversion to fast oxidative (FOG) and fast glycolytic (FG) accompanied by increased GAPDH enzyme activity in absolute terms and relative to oxidative citrate synthase enzyme activity. Myosin heavy chain composition, however, was unaffected. MG muscle behaved like the PerL muscle after HSDA with maintained muscle and MU contractile force and speed but with a dramatic increase in fatigability, irrespective of whether all the dorsal roots were transected. We conclude that reduced neuromuscular activity accounts for increased fatigability but is not, in of itself, sufficient to promote atrophy and slow to fast conversion. Position and relative movements of hindlimb muscles are likely contributors to sustained MG muscle and MU contractile force and speed after HSDA and HSDA-SP surgeries.
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The Impact of Kinases in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at the Neuromuscular Synapse: Insights into BDNF/TrkB and PKC Signaling. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121578. [PMID: 31817487 PMCID: PMC6953086 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes neuron survival in adulthood in the central nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system, BDNF is a contraction-inducible protein that, through its binding to tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor (TrkB), contributes to the retrograde neuroprotective control done by muscles, which is necessary for motor neuron function. BDNF/TrkB triggers downstream presynaptic pathways, involving protein kinase C, essential for synaptic function and maintenance. Undeniably, this reciprocally regulated system exemplifies the tight communication between nerve terminals and myocytes to promote synaptic function and reveals a new view about the complementary and essential role of pre and postsynaptic interplay in keeping the synapse healthy and strong. This signaling at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) could establish new intervention targets across neuromuscular diseases characterized by deficits in presynaptic activity and muscle contractility and by the interruption of the connection between nervous and muscular tissues, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Indeed, exercise and other therapies that modulate kinases are effective at delaying ALS progression, preserving NMJs and maintaining motor function to increase the life quality of patients. Altogether, we review synaptic activity modulation of the BDNF/TrkB/PKC signaling to sustain NMJ function, its and other kinases’ disturbances in ALS and physical and molecular mechanisms to delay disease progression.
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48
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Yarrow JF, Kok HJ, Phillips EG, Conover CF, Lee J, Bassett TE, Buckley KH, Reynolds MC, Wnek RD, Otzel DM, Chen C, Jiron JM, Graham ZA, Cardozo C, Vandenborne K, Bose PK, Aguirre JI, Borst SE, Ye F. Locomotor training with adjuvant testosterone preserves cancellous bone and promotes muscle plasticity in male rats after severe spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:843-868. [PMID: 31797423 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Loading and testosterone may influence musculoskeletal recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Our objectives were to determine (a) the acute effects of bodyweight-supported treadmill training (TM) on hindlimb cancellous bone microstructure and muscle mass in adult rats after severe contusion SCI and (b) whether longer-term TM with adjuvant testosterone enanthate (TE) delivers musculoskeletal benefit. In Study 1, TM (40 min/day, 5 days/week, beginning 1 week postsurgery) did not prevent SCI-induced hindlimb cancellous bone loss after 3 weeks. In Study 2, TM did not attenuate SCI-induced plantar flexor muscles atrophy nor improve locomotor recovery after 4 weeks. In our main study, SCI produced extensive distal femur and proximal tibia cancellous bone deficits, a deleterious slow-to-fast fiber-type transition in soleus, lower muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA), impaired muscle force production, and levator ani/bulbocavernosus (LABC) muscle atrophy after 8 weeks. TE alone (7.0 mg/week) suppressed bone resorption, attenuated cancellous bone loss, constrained the soleus fiber-type transition, and prevented LABC atrophy. In comparison, TE+TM concomitantly suppressed bone resorption and stimulated bone formation after SCI, produced near-complete cancellous bone preservation, prevented the soleus fiber-type transition, attenuated soleus fCSA atrophy, maintained soleus force production, and increased LABC mass. 75% of SCI+TE+TM animals recovered voluntary over-ground hindlimb stepping, while no SCI and only 20% of SCI+TE animals regained stepping ability. Positive associations between testosterone and locomotor function suggest that TE influenced locomotor recovery. In conclusion, short-term TM alone did not improve bone, muscle, or locomotor recovery in adult rats after severe SCI, while longer-term TE+TM provided more comprehensive musculoskeletal benefit than TE alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Yarrow
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hui Jean Kok
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ean G Phillips
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christine F Conover
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jimmy Lee
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Taylor E Bassett
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kinley H Buckley
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael C Reynolds
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Russell D Wnek
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dana M Otzel
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cong Chen
- Divison of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica M Jiron
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zachary A Graham
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krista Vandenborne
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Prodip K Bose
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Division of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jose Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen E Borst
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fan Ye
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ucci S, Renzini A, Russi V, Mangialardo C, Cammarata I, Cavioli G, Santaguida MG, Virili C, Centanni M, Adamo S, Moresi V, Verga-Falzacappa C. Thyroid Hormone Protects from Fasting-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Promoting Metabolic Adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225754. [PMID: 31731814 PMCID: PMC6888244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones regulate a wide range of cellular responses, via non-genomic and genomic actions, depending on cell-specific thyroid hormone transporters, co-repressors, or co-activators. Skeletal muscle has been identified as a direct target of thyroid hormone T3, where it regulates stem cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as myofiber metabolism. However, the effects of T3 in muscle-wasting conditions have not been yet addressed. Being T3 primarily responsible for the regulation of metabolism, we challenged mice with fasting and found that T3 counteracted starvation-induced muscle atrophy. Interestingly, T3 did not prevent the activation of the main catabolic pathways, i.e., the ubiquitin-proteasome or the autophagy-lysosomal systems, nor did it stimulate de novo muscle synthesis in starved muscles. Transcriptome analyses revealed that T3 mainly affected the metabolic processes in starved muscle. Further analyses of myofiber metabolism revealed that T3 prevented the starvation-mediated metabolic shift, thus preserving skeletal muscle mass. Our study elucidated new T3 functions in regulating skeletal muscle homeostasis and metabolism in pathological conditions, opening to new potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarassunta Ucci
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Valentina Russi
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Claudia Mangialardo
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Ilenia Cammarata
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Giorgia Cavioli
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Maria Giulia Santaguida
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Sergio Adamo
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Viviana Moresi
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cecilia Verga-Falzacappa
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
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50
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Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight Extract Enhances Hindlimb Performance and Attenuates Myosin Heavy Chain IId/IIx Expression in Cast-Immobilized Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9283171. [PMID: 31885674 PMCID: PMC6925718 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9283171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is encountered in many clinical conditions, but a pharmacological treatment has not yet been established. Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight is an herbal medicine used in traditional Japanese and Chinese medicine. In the current study, we investigated the effect of C. tubulosa extract (CTE) on atrophied muscle in vivo. We also investigated hindlimb cast immobilization in mice and devised a novel type of hindlimb-immobilizing cast, consisting of sponge-like tape and a thin plastic tube. Using this method, 3 out of 4 groups of mice (n = 11 for each group) were cast-immobilized in the hindlimbs and administered CTE or vehicle for 13 days. A sham procedure was performed in the mice of the fourth group to which the vehicle was administered. Next, the triceps surae muscles (TS) were excised. To analyze the effect of the novel cast system and CTE administration on muscle atrophy, we evaluated TS wet weight and myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA). We also determined MyHC IId/IIx expression levels by western blotting, since their increase is a hallmark of disuse muscle atrophy, suggesting slow-to-fast myofiber type shift. Moreover, we performed two tests of hindlimb performance. The novel cast immobilization method significantly reduced TS wet weight and myofiber CSA. This was accompanied by deterioration of hindlimb function and an increase in MyHC IId/IIx expression. CTE administration did not alter TS wet weight or myofiber CSA; however, it showed a trend of amelioration of the loss of hindlimb function and of suppression of the increased MyHC IId/IIx expression in cast-immobilized mice. Our novel hindlimb cast immobilization method effectively induced muscle atrophy. CTE did not affect muscle mass, but suppressed the shift from slow to fast myofiber type in cast-immobilized mice, ameliorating hindlimb function deterioration.
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