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Kothe C, Hanada G, Mullen S, Mullen T. On decoding of rapid motor imagery in a diverse population using a high-density NIRS device. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2024; 5:1355534. [PMID: 38529269 PMCID: PMC10961353 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2024.1355534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) aims to infer cognitive states such as the type of movement imagined by a study participant in a given trial using an optical method that can differentiate between oxygenation states of blood in the brain and thereby indirectly between neuronal activity levels. We present findings from an fNIRS study that aimed to test the applicability of a high-density (>3000 channels) NIRS device for use in short-duration (2 s) left/right hand motor imagery decoding in a diverse, but not explicitly balanced, subject population. A side aim was to assess relationships between data quality, self-reported demographic characteristics, and brain-computer interface (BCI) performance, with no subjects rejected from recruitment or analysis. Methods BCI performance was quantified using several published methods, including subject-specific and subject-independent approaches, along with a high-density fNIRS decoder previously validated in a separate study. Results We found that decoding of motor imagery on this population proved extremely challenging across all tested methods. Overall accuracy of the best-performing method (the high-density decoder) was 59.1 +/- 6.7% after excluding subjects where almost no optode-scalp contact was made over motor cortex and 54.7 +/- 7.6% when all recorded sessions were included. Deeper investigation revealed that signal quality, hemodynamic responses, and BCI performance were all strongly impacted by the hair phenotypical and demographic factors under investigation, with over half of variance in signal quality explained by demographic factors alone. Discussion Our results contribute to the literature reporting on challenges in using current-generation NIRS devices on subjects with long, dense, dark, and less pliable hair types along with the resulting potential for bias. Our findings confirm the need for increased focus on these populations, accurate reporting of data rejection choices across subject intake, curation, and final analysis in general, and signal a need for NIRS optode designs better optimized for the general population to facilitate more robust and inclusive research outcomes.
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Guérin SMR, Vincent MA, Delevoye-Turrell YN. Effects of motor pacing on frontal-hemodynamic responses during continuous upper-limb and whole-body movements. Psychophysiology 2022; 60:e14226. [PMID: 36567446 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Advances in timing research advocate for the existence of two timing mechanisms (automatic vs. controlled) that are related to the level of cognitive control intervening for motor behavior regulation. In the present study, we used the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) cutting-edge technique to examine the hypothesis that prefrontal inhibitory control is needed to perform slow motor activities. Participants were asked to perform a sensorimotor-synchronization task at various paces (i.e., slow, close-to-spontaneous, fast). We contrasted upper-limb circle drawing to a more naturalistic behavior that required whole-body movements (i.e., steady-state walking). Results indicated that whole-body movements led to greater brain oxygenation over the motor regions when compared with upper-limb activities. The effect of motor pace was found in the walking task only, with more bilateral orbitofrontal and left dorsolateral activation at slow versus fast pace. Exploratory analyses revealed a positive correlation between the activation of the orbitofrontal and motor areas for the close-to-spontaneous pace in both tasks. Overall, results support the key role of prefrontal cognitive control in the production of slow whole-body movements. In addition, our findings confirm that upper-limb (laboratory-based) tasks might not be representative of those engaged during everyday-life motor behaviors. The fNIRS technique may be a valuable tool to decipher the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying naturalistic, adaptive motor behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ségolène M R Guérin
- Université de, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, France
| | - Marion A Vincent
- Université de, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, France
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Understanding, detecting, and stimulating consciousness recovery in the ICU. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2022; 165:809-828. [PMID: 36242637 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Coma is a medical and socioeconomic emergency. Although underfunded, research on coma and disorders of consciousness has made impressive progress. Lesion-network-mapping studies have delineated the precise brainstem regions that consistently produce coma when damaged. Functional neuroimaging has revealed how mechanisms like "communication through coherence" and "inhibition by gating" work in synergy to enable cortico-cortical processing and how this information transfer is disrupted in brain injury. On the cellular level, break-down of intracellular communication between the layer 5 pyramidal cell soma and the apical dendritic part impairs dendritic information integration, with up-stream effects on microcircuits in local neuronal populations and on large-scale fronto-parietal networks, which correlates with loss of consciousness. A breakthrough in clinical concepts occurred when fMRI, and later EEG, studies revealed that 15% of clinically unresponsive patients in acute and chronic settings are in fact awake and aware, as shown by their command following abilities revealed by brain activation during motor and locomotion imagery tasks. This condition is now termed "cognitive motor dissociation." Furthermore, epidemiological data on coma were literally non-existent until recently because of difficulties related to case ascertainment with traditional methods, but crowdsourcing of family observations enabled the first estimates of how frequent coma is in the general population (pooled annual incidence of 201 coma cases per 100,000 population in the UK and the USA). Diagnostic guidelines on coma and disorders of consciousness by the American Academy of Neurology and the European Academy of Neurology provide ambitious clinical frameworks to accommodate these achievements. As for therapy, a broad range of medical and non-medical treatment options is now being tested in increasingly larger trials; in particular, amantadine and transcranial direct current stimulation appear promising in this regard. Major international initiatives like the Curing Coma Campaign aim to raise awareness for coma and disorders of consciousness in the public, with the ultimate goal to make more brain-injured patients recover consciousness after a coma. To highlight all these accomplishments, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress and future challenges related to understanding, detecting, and stimulating consciousness recovery in the ICU.
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Wang Y, Feng S, Yang R, Hou W, Wu X, Chen L. The learning-relative hemodynamic modulation of cortical plasticity induced by a force-control motor training. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:922725. [PMID: 36161184 PMCID: PMC9492923 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.922725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel motor skills are generally acquired through repetitive practices which are believed to be strongly related to neural plasticity mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the learning-relative hemodynamic modulation of cortical plasticity induced by long-term motor training. Methods An 8-day participation-control program was conducted. Eighteen right-handed healthy participants were recruited and randomly assigned into the training (12) and control groups (6). The training group were arranged to undergo the 8-day block-designed motor training which required to repeat a visuomotor force-control task. The functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to continuously monitor the cortical hemodynamic response during training. Two transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measurements were performed before and after training to evaluate the cortical excitability changes. The transfer effects of learning were also investigated. Results The behavior performance was quantified via score execution accuracy to illustrate the fast/slow learning stages as experience cumulated. The cortical hemodynamic activations mapped by fNIRS exhibited a temporal evolution trends that agreed the expansion–renormalization model, which assumed the brain modulation against skill acquisition includes complex mechanisms of neural expansion, selection, and renormalization. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis showed the FC strength was maintained, while the measured homodynamic activation returned to baseline after certain level of skill acquisition. Furthermore, the TMS results demonstrated a significant increase of motor evoked potential (MEP) on the targeted muscle for the trained participants, who significantly outperformed the untrained subjects in learning transfer investigation. Conclusion The study illustrated the expansion–renormalization trends during continuous motor training, and relative analysis showed the functional connectivity enhancement may be maintained after amplitude renormalization of cortical hemodynamic activations. The TMS findings further gave an implication of neural facilitations on the descending motor pathway when brain activation returned to renormalization status after certain level of learning stages was achieved, and the learning can transfer to enhance the performance while encountering similar tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wensheng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Service Robot Control Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Service Robot Control Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Service Robot Control Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Chen
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Fujiwara K, Shibata M, Awano Y, Shibayama K, Iso N, Matsuo M, Nakashima A, Moriuchi T, Mitsunaga W, Higashi T. A method for using video presentation to increase the vividness and activity of cortical regions during motor imagery tasks. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2431-2437. [PMID: 33907031 PMCID: PMC8374587 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, mental practice (MP) using laterally inverted video of a subject's non-paralyzed upper limb to improve the vividness of presented motor imagery (MI) has been shown to be effective for improving the function of a paralyzed upper limb. However, no studies have yet assessed the activity of cortical regions engaged during MI task performance using inverse video presentations and neurophysiological indicators. This study sought to investigate changes in MI vividness and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex during MI performance under the following three conditions in near-infrared spectroscopy: MI-only without inverse video presentation (MI-only), MI with action observation (AO) of an inverse video presentation of another person's hand (AO + MI (other hand)), and MI with AO of an inverse video presentation of a participant's own hand (AO + MI (own hand)). Participants included 66 healthy right-handed adults (41 men and 25 women; mean age: 26.3 ± 4.3 years). There were 23 patients in the MI-only group (mean age: 26.4 ± 4.1 years), 20 in the AO + MI (other hand) group (mean age: 25.9 ± 5.0 years), and 23 in the AO + MI (own hand) group (mean age: 26.9 ± 4.1 years). The MI task involved transferring 1 cm × 1 cm blocks from one plate to another, once per second, using chopsticks held in the non-dominant hand. Based on a visual analog scale (VAS), MI vividness was significantly higher in the AO + MI (own hand) group than in the MI-only group and the AO + MI (other hand) group. A main effect of condition was revealed in terms of MI vividness, as well as regions of interest (ROIs) in certain brain areas associated with motor processing. The data suggest that inverse video presentation of a person's own hand enhances the MI vividness and increases the activity of motor-related cortical areas during MI. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences (approval No. 18121303) on January 18, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Fujiwara
- Department of Clinical Services, Nagasaki Rehabilitation Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masatomo Shibata
- Department of Clinical Services, Nagasaki Rehabilitation Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Awano
- Department of Clinical Services, Nagasaki Rehabilitation Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koji Shibayama
- Department of Clinical Services, Nagasaki Rehabilitation Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Iso
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moemi Matsuo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Nakashima
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takefumi Moriuchi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Wataru Mitsunaga
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Bystritsky A, Spivak NM, Dang BH, Becerra SA, Distler MG, Jordan SE, Kuhn TP. Brain circuitry underlying the ABC model of anxiety. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:3-14. [PMID: 33798786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety Disorders are prevalent and often chronic, recurrent conditions that reduce quality of life. The first-line treatments, such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral therapy, leave a significant proportion of patients symptomatic. As psychiatry moves toward targeted circuit-based treatments, there is a need for a theory that unites the phenomenology of anxiety with its underlying neural circuits. The Alarm, Belief, Coping (ABC) theory of anxiety describes how the neural circuits associated with anxiety interact with each other and domains of the anxiety symptoms, both temporally and spatially. The latest advancements in neuroimaging techniques offer the ability to assess these circuits in vivo. Using Neurosynth, a large open-access meta-analytic imaging database, the association between terms related to specific neural circuits was explored within the ABC theory framework. Alarm-related terms were associated with the amygdala, anterior cingulum, insula, and bed nucleus of stria terminalis. Belief-related terms were associated with medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, bilateral temporal poles, and hippocampus. Coping-related terms were associated with the ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, basal ganglia, and anterior cingulate. Neural connections underlying the functional neuroanatomy of the ABC model were observed. Additionally, there was considerable interaction and overlap between circuits associated with the symptom domains. Further neuroimaging research is needed to explore the dynamic interaction between the functional domains of the ABC theory. This will pave the way for probing the neuroanatomical underpinnings of anxiety disorders and provide an evidence-based foundation for the development of targeted treatments, such as neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bystritsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; BrainSonix Corporation, Sherman Oaks, CA, USA.
| | - Norman M Spivak
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bianca H Dang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sergio A Becerra
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret G Distler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sheldon E Jordan
- Neurology Management Associates - Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Taylor P Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Iso N, Moriuchi T, Fujiwara K, Matsuo M, Mitsunaga W, Hasegawa T, Iso F, Cho K, Suzuki M, Higashi T. Hemodynamic Signal Changes During Motor Imagery Task Performance Are Associated With the Degree of Motor Task Learning. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:603069. [PMID: 33935666 PMCID: PMC8081959 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.603069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate whether oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) generated during a motor imagery (MI) task is associated with the motor learning level of the task. Methods We included 16 right-handed healthy participants who were trained to perform a ball rotation (BR) task. Hemodynamic brain activity was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor changes in oxy-Hb concentration during the BR MI task. The experimental protocol used a block design, and measurements were performed three times before and after the initial training of the BR task as well as after the final training. The BR count during training was also measured. Furthermore, subjective vividness of MI was evaluated three times after NIRS measurement using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results The results showed that the number of BRs increased significantly with training (P < 0.001). VAS scores also improved with training (P < 0.001). Furthermore, oxy-Hb concentration and the region of interest (ROI) showed a main effect (P = 0.001). An interaction was confirmed (P < 0.001), and it was ascertained that the change in oxy-Hb concentrations due to training was different for each ROI. The most significant predictor of subjective MI vividness was supplementary motor area (SMA) oxy-Hb concentration (coefficient = 0.365). Discussion Hemodynamic brain activity during MI tasks may be correlated with task motor learning levels, since significant changes in oxy-Hb concentrations were observed following initial and final training in the SMA. In particular, hemodynamic brain activity in the SMA was suggested to reflect the MI vividness of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Iso
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takefumi Moriuchi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Health Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kengo Fujiwara
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Moemi Matsuo
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Wataru Mitsunaga
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Hasegawa
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Fumiko Iso
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kilchoon Cho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Li H, Fan K, Ma J, Wang B, Qiao X, Yan Y, Du W, Wang L. Massage Therapy's Effectiveness on the Decoding EEG Rhythms of Left/Right Motor Imagery and Motion Execution in Patients With Skeletal Muscle Pain. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE-JTEHM 2021; 9:2100320. [PMID: 33738147 PMCID: PMC7965939 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2021.3056911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Most of effectiveness assessments of the widely-used Massage therapy were based on subjective routine clinical assessment tools, such as Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score. However, few studies demonstrated the impact of massage on the Electroencephalograph (EEG) rhythm decoding of Motor imagery (MI) and motion execution (ME) with trunk left/right bending in patients with skeletal muscle pain. Method: We used the sample entropy (SampEn), permutation entropy (PermuEn), common spatial pattern (CSP) features, support vector machine (SVM) and logic regression (LR) classifiers. We also used the convolutional neural network (CNN) and attention-based bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) for classification. Results: The averaged SampEn and PermuEn values of alpha rhythm decreased in almost fourteen channels for five statuses (quiet, MI with left/right bending, ME with left/right bending). It indicated that massage alleviates the pain for the patients of skeletal pain. Furthermore, compared with the SVM and LR classifiers, the BiLSTM method achieved a better area under curve (AUC) of 0.89 for the classification of MI with trunk left/right bending before massage. The AUC became smaller after massage than that before massage for the classification of MI with trunk left/right bending using CNN and BiLSTM methods. The Permutation direct indicator (PDI) score showed the significant difference for patients in different statuses (before vs after massage, and MI vs ME). Conclusions: Massage not only affects the quiet status, but also affects the MI and ME. Clinical Impact: Massage therapy may affect a bit on the accuracy of MI with trunk left/right bending and it change the topography of MI and ME with trunk left/right bending for the patients with skeletal muscle pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Kai Fan
- North China Institute of Aerospace EngineeringLangfang065000China
| | - Junsong Ma
- School of Electronic Engineering and AutomationGuilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin541004China
| | - Bo Wang
- Electronic and Communication Engineering DepartmentWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
| | - Xiaohao Qiao
- Electronic and Communication Engineering DepartmentWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
| | - Yan Yan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Wenjing Du
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
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Matsuo M, Iso N, Fujiwara K, Moriuchi T, Matsuda D, Mitsunaga W, Nakashima A, Higashi T. Comparison of cerebral activation between motor execution and motor imagery of self-feeding activity. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:778-782. [PMID: 33063742 PMCID: PMC8067926 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery is defined as an act wherein an individual contemplates a mental action of motor execution without apparent action. Mental practice executed by repetitive motor imagery can improve motor performance without simultaneous sensory input or overt output. We aimed to investigate cerebral hemodynamics during motor imagery and motor execution of a self-feeding activity using chopsticks. This study included 21 healthy right-handed volunteers. The self-feeding activity task comprised either motor imagery or motor execution of eating sliced cucumber pickles with chopsticks to examine eight regions of interest: pre-supplementary motor area, supplementary motor area, bilateral prefrontal cortex, premotor area, and sensorimotor cortex. The mean oxyhemoglobin levels were detected using near-infrared spectroscopy to reflect cerebral activation. The mean oxyhemoglobin levels during motor execution were significantly higher in the left sensorimotor cortex than in the supplementary motor area and the left premotor area. Moreover, significantly higher oxyhemoglobin levels were detected in the supplementary motor area and the left premotor area during motor imagery, compared to motor execution. Supplementary motor area and premotor area had important roles in the motor imagery of self-feeding activity. Moreover, the activation levels of the supplementary motor area and the premotor area during motor execution and motor imagery are likely affected by intentional cognitive processes. Levels of cerebral activation differed in some areas during motor execution and motor imagery of a self-feeding activity. This study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Nagasaki University (approval No. 18110801) on December 10, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moemi Matsuo
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Iso
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kengo Fujiwara
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Zeshinkai General Incorporated Association, Nagasaki Rehabilitation Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takefumi Moriuchi
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daiki Matsuda
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; The Japanese Red Cross, Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Wataru Mitsunaga
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Unit of Rehabilitation, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Nakashima
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Sagari A, Kanao H, Mutai H, Iwanami J, Sato M, Kobayashi M. Cerebral Hemodynamics During a Cognitive-Motor Task Using the Limbs. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:568030. [PMID: 33240062 PMCID: PMC7683383 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.568030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antagonistic tasks are cognitive-motor task trainings. Intervention programs involving antagonistic exercise tasks are being employed to help prevent falls and reduce the need for nursing care in older populations. Meanwhile, the effects of such tasks on blood flow in the brain remain obscure. This study aimed to clarify the effects of antagonistic tasks on prefrontal cortical cerebral hemodynamics. Materials and Methods: We assessed 13 healthy adults (two men, 11 women; mean age, 21.4 ± 1.0 years). Participants imitated each of the antagonistic tasks presented on a PC monitor placed at a 120-mm viewing distance. All participants performed six tasks, consisting of upper-limb tasks (non-antagonism, simple antagonism, and complex antagonism) and upper- and lower-limb tasks (tasks combining lower-limb opening and closing movements with each upper-limb task). We used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure cerebral blood flow dynamics, with oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) concentration changes as the main outcome. A 10-channel probe was placed on the participants’ forehead, focusing on the prefrontal cortex. We first obtained a baseline NIRS measurement for 10 s; the participants then imitated the task presented on the PC monitor for 90 s. We measured the number of errors and the subjective difficulty of each task. Results: The increase in prefrontal cortex Oxy-Hb concentration was significantly higher in the complex antagonist conditions than in the non-antagonistic and simple antagonistic conditions. There were no significant prefrontal cortex Oxy-Hb differences between the upper limb and upper- and lower-limb conditions (increasing number of motor limbs). Conclusions: The study findings support that an increase in finger-shaped complexity has a greater effect on cerebral blood flow dynamics in the prefrontal cortex than does an increase in the number of motor limbs involved in the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sagari
- Division of Occupational Therapy School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kanao
- Rehabilitation Division, Kami-iida Rehabilitation Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mutai
- Division of Occupational Therapy School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jun Iwanami
- Division of Occupational Therapy School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Division of Occupational Therapy School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Division of Occupational Therapy School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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Matsukawa K, Asahara R, Ishii K, Kunishi M, Yamashita Y, Hashiguchi Y, Liang N, Smith SA. Increased prefrontal oxygenation prior to and at the onset of over-ground locomotion in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1161-1172. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00392.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We found using wireless near-infrared spectroscopy that prefrontal oxygenation increased before the onset of arbitrary over-ground walking, whereas the preexercise increase was absent when walking was suddenly started by cue. The difference in prefrontal oxygenation between start modes (considered related to central command) preceded heart rate response variances and demonstrated a positive relationship with the difference in heart rate. The central command-related prefrontal activity may contribute to cardiac adjustment, synchronized with the beginning of over-ground walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Matsukawa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ryota Asahara
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kei Ishii
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mayo Kunishi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yurino Yamashita
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hashiguchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nan Liang
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Scott A. Smith
- Department of Applied Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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12
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Moriuchi T, Nakashima A, Nakamura J, Anan K, Nishi K, Matsuo T, Hasegawa T, Mitsunaga W, Iso N, Higashi T. The Vividness of Motor Imagery Is Correlated With Corticospinal Excitability During Combined Motor Imagery and Action Observation. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:581652. [PMID: 33088268 PMCID: PMC7500410 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.581652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between motor imagery (MI) assessment (ability and quality) and neurophysiological assessment [transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced motor-evoked potentials (MEPs)] during combined MI and action observation (AO; MI + AO). Sixteen subjects completed an MI task playing the piano with both hands, and neurophysiological assessment was performed during the MI task. The Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised was adopted to evaluate MI ability, while the visual analogue scale (VAS) was adopted to evaluate MI quality. A TMS pulse was delivered during the MI task, and MEPs were subsequently recorded in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB). We found a significant positive correlation between the VAS score and the TMS-induced MEPs (ρ = 0.497, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that the VAS score could potentially reflect the corticospinal excitability during MI + AO, particularly in complex MI tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Moriuchi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Nakashima
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nagasaki Memorial Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kimika Anan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keita Nishi
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Anthropology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Division of Occupational Therapy, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Hasegawa
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Wataru Mitsunaga
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Iso
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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13
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A J, M S, Chhabra H, Shajil N, Venkatasubramanian G. Investigation of deep convolutional neural network for classification of motor imagery fNIRS signals for BCI applications. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Othman MH, Bhattacharya M, Møller K, Kjeldsen S, Grand J, Kjaergaard J, Dutta A, Kondziella D. Resting-State NIRS-EEG in Unresponsive Patients with Acute Brain Injury: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Neurocrit Care 2020; 34:31-44. [PMID: 32333214 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-00971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurovascular-based imaging techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI) may reveal signs of consciousness in clinically unresponsive patients but are often subject to logistical challenges in the intensive care unit (ICU). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is another neurovascular imaging technique but low cost, can be performed serially at the bedside, and may be combined with electroencephalography (EEG), which are important advantages compared to fMRI. Combined NIRS-EEG, however, has never been evaluated for the assessment of neurovascular coupling and consciousness in acute brain injury. METHODS We explored resting-state oscillations in eight-channel NIRS oxyhemoglobin and eight-channel EEG band-power signals to assess neurovascular coupling, the prerequisite for neurovascular-based imaging detection of consciousness, in patients with acute brain injury in the ICU (n = 9). Conscious neurological patients from step-down units and wards served as controls (n = 14). Unsupervised adaptive mixture-independent component analysis (AMICA) was used to correlate NIRS-EEG data with levels of consciousness and clinical outcome. RESULTS Neurovascular coupling between NIRS oxyhemoglobin (0.07-0.13 Hz) and EEG band-power (1-12 Hz) signals at frontal areas was sensitive and prognostic to changing consciousness levels. AMICA revealed a mixture of five models from EEG data, with the relative probabilities of these models reflecting levels of consciousness over multiple days, although the accuracy was less than 85%. However, when combined with two channels of bilateral frontal neurovascular coupling, weighted k-nearest neighbor classification of AMICA probabilities distinguished unresponsive patients from conscious controls with > 90% accuracy (positive predictive value 93%, false discovery rate 7%) and, additionally, identified patients who subsequently failed to recover consciousness with > 99% accuracy. DISCUSSION We suggest that NIRS-EEG for monitoring of acute brain injury in the ICU is worthy of further exploration. Normalization of neurovascular coupling may herald recovery of consciousness after acute brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan H Othman
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mahasweta Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten Møller
- Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Kjeldsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johannes Grand
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kjaergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Kondziella
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Matsuo M, Iso N, Fujiwara K, Moriuchi T, Tanaka G, Honda S, Matsuda D, Higashi T. Cerebral haemodynamics during motor imagery of self-feeding with chopsticks: differences between dominant and non-dominant hand. Somatosens Mot Res 2019; 37:6-13. [PMID: 31813314 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2019.1699044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Motor imagery is defined as a dynamic state during which a subject mentally simulates a given action without overt movements. Our aim was to use near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate differences in cerebral haemodynamics during motor imagery of self-feeding with chopsticks using the dominant or non-dominant hand.Materials and methods: Twenty healthy right-handed people participated in this study. The motor imagery task involved eating sliced cucumber pickles using chopsticks with the dominant (right) or non-dominant (left) hand. Activation of regions of interest (pre-supplementary motor area, supplementary motor area, pre-motor area, pre-frontal cortex, and sensorimotor cortex was assessed.Results: Motor imagery vividness of the dominant hand tended to be significantly higher than that of the non-dominant hand. The time of peak oxygenated haemoglobin was significantly earlier in the right pre-frontal cortex than in the supplementary motor area and left pre-motor area. Haemodynamic correlations were detected in more regions of interest during dominant-hand motor imagery than during non-dominant-hand motor imagery.Conclusions: Haemodynamics might be affected by differences in motor imagery vividness caused by variations in motor manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moemi Matsuo
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Iso
- Tokyo Kasei University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kengo Fujiwara
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Zeshinkai General Incorporated Association, Nagasaki Rehabilitation Hospital, Ginyamachi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takefumi Moriuchi
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Goro Tanaka
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sumihisa Honda
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daiki Matsuda
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,The Japanese Red Cross, Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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16
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Almajidy RK, Mankodiya K, Abtahi M, Hofmann UG. A Newcomer's Guide to Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Experiments. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2019; 13:292-308. [PMID: 31634142 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2019.2944351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a practical primer for functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with respect to technology, experimentation, and analysis software. Its purpose is to jump-start interested practitioners considering utilizing a non-invasive, versatile, nevertheless challenging window into the brain using optical methods. We briefly recapitulate relevant anatomical and optical foundations and give a short historical overview. We describe competing types of illumination (trans-illumination, reflectance, and differential reflectance) and data collection methods (continuous wave, time domain and frequency domain). Basic components (light sources, detection, and recording components) of fNIRS systems are presented. Advantages and limitations of fNIRS techniques are offered, followed by a list of very practical recommendations for its use. A variety of experimental and clinical studies with fNIRS are sampled, shedding light on many brain-related ailments. Finally, we describe and discuss a number of freely available analysis and presentation packages suited for data analysis. In conclusion, we recommend fNIRS due to its ever-growing body of clinical applications, state-of-the-art neuroimaging technique and manageable hardware requirements. It can be safely concluded that fNIRS adds a new arrow to the quiver of neuro-medical examinations due to both its great versatility and limited costs.
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17
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Yokoyama N, Ohtaka C, Kato K, Kubo H, Nakata H. The difference in hemodynamic responses between dominant and non-dominant hands during muscle contraction and relaxation: An fNIRS study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220100. [PMID: 31323051 PMCID: PMC6641204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and investigated the differences in neural activation of ipsi- or contralateral hemispheres between right dominant and left non-dominant hands among right-handed subjects using consecutive motor tasks with muscle contraction and relaxation. The subjects performed tasks under four conditions: (1) right hand up (R-Up), (2) left hand up (L-Up), (3) right hand down (R-Down), and (4) left hand down (L-Down). The peak amplitude of oxy-Hb was significantly larger at the contralateral than ipsilateral hemisphere in the premotor area (PM) under the R-Up condition, and no significant differences were observed between contra- and ipsilateral hemispheres under the L-Up condition. In addition, the peak amplitude was more negative at the contra- than ipsilateral hemisphere in the PM under the R-Down condition, while the peak amplitude was significantly more negative at the ipsi- than contralateral hemisphere in the PM under the L-Down condition. These results suggest that the PM of the left hemisphere among right-handed subjects plays an important role in muscle contraction and relaxation with force control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Yokoyama
- Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women’s University, Nara City, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ohtaka
- Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women’s University, Nara City, Japan
| | - Kouki Kato
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kubo
- Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women’s University, Nara City, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakata
- Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women’s University, Nara City, Japan
- * E-mail:
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18
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Erdoĝan SB, Özsarfati E, Dilek B, Kadak KS, Hanoĝlu L, Akın A. Classification of motor imagery and execution signals with population-level feature sets: implications for probe design in fNIRS based BCI. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:026029. [PMID: 30634177 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aafdca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to introduce a novel methodology for classification of brain hemodynamic responses collected via functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during rest, motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME) tasks which involves generating population-level training sets. APPROACH A 48-channel fNIRS system was utilized to obtain hemodynamic signals from the frontal (FC), primary motor (PMC) and somatosensory cortex (SMC) of ten subjects during an experimental paradigm consisting of MI and ME of various right hand movements. Classification accuracies of random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANN) were computed at the single subject level by training each classifier with subject specific features, and at the group level by training with features from all subjects for ME versus Rest, MI versus Rest and MI versus ME conditions. The performances were also computed for channel data restricted to FC, PMC and SMC regions separately to determine optimal probe location. MAIN RESULTS RF, SVM and ANN had comparably high classification accuracies for ME versus Rest (%94, %96 and %98 respectively) and for MI versus Rest (%95, %95 and %98 respectively) when fed with group level feature sets. The accuracy performance of each algorithm in localized brain regions were comparable (>%93) to the accuracy performance obtained with whole brain channels (>%94) for both ME versus Rest and MI versus Rest conditions. SIGNIFICANCE By demonstrating the feasibility of generating a population level training set with a high classification performance for three different classification algorithms, the findings pave the path for removing the necessity to acquire subject specific training data and hold promise for a novel, real-time fNIRS based BCI system design which will be most effective for application to disease populations for whom obtaining data to train a classification algorithm is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Burcu Erdoĝan
- Department of Medical Engineering, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
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19
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Bu L, Huo C, Xu G, Liu Y, Li Z, Fan Y, Li J. Alteration in Brain Functional and Effective Connectivity in Subjects With Hypertension. Front Physiol 2018; 9:669. [PMID: 29904355 PMCID: PMC5990593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal the physiological mechanism of the cognitive decline in subjects with hypertension, the functional connectivity (FC) was assessed by using the wavelet phase coherence (WPCO), and effective connectivity (EC) was assessed by using the coupling strength (CS) of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signals. NIRS signals were continuously recorded from the prefrontal cortex, sensorimotor cortex, and occipital lobes of 13 hypertensive patients (hypertension group, 70 ± 6.5 years old) and 16 elderly healthy subjects (control group, 71 ± 5.5 years old) in resting and standing periods. WPCO and CS were calculated in four frequency intervals: I, 0.6–2; II, 0.145–0.6; III, 0.052–0.145; and IV, 0.021–0.052 Hz. CS quantifies coupling amplitude. In comparison with the control group, the hypertension group showed significantly decreased (p < 0.05) WPCO and CS in intervals III and IV and in the resting and standing states. WPCO and CS were significantly decreased in the resting state compared with those in the standing state in the hypertension group (p < 0.05). Decreased WPCO and CS indicated a reduced network interaction, suggesting disturbed neurovascular coupling in subjects with hypertension. Compared with the control group, the hypertension group showed significantly lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (p = 0.028) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores (p = 0.011). In the hypertension group, correlation analysis showed that WPCO and CS were significantly positively correlated with MMSE and MoCA scores, respectively. These findings may provide evidence of impaired cognitive function in hypertension and can enhance the understanding on neurovascular coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingguo Bu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Congcong Huo
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gongcheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China
| | - Zengyong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Aids Technology and System of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Aids Technology and System of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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20
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Rupawala M, Dehghani H, Lucas SJE, Tino P, Cruse D. Shining a Light on Awareness: A Review of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness. Front Neurol 2018; 9:350. [PMID: 29872420 PMCID: PMC5972220 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Qualitative clinical assessments of the recovery of awareness after severe brain injury require an assessor to differentiate purposeful behavior from spontaneous behavior. As many such behaviors are minimal and inconsistent, behavioral assessments are susceptible to diagnostic errors. Advanced neuroimaging tools can bypass behavioral responsiveness and reveal evidence of covert awareness and cognition within the brains of some patients, thus providing a means for more accurate diagnoses, more accurate prognoses, and, in some instances, facilitated communication. The majority of reports to date have employed the neuroimaging methods of functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and electroencephalography (EEG). However, each neuroimaging method has its own advantages and disadvantages (e.g., signal resolution, accessibility, etc.). Here, we describe a burgeoning technique of non-invasive optical neuroimaging—functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)—and review its potential to address the clinical challenges of prolonged disorders of consciousness. We also outline the potential for simultaneous EEG to complement the fNIRS signal and suggest the future directions of research that are required in order to realize its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rupawala
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Physical Sciences for Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Physical Sciences for Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J E Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Tino
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Damian Cruse
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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21
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Wu S, Li J, Gao L, Chen C, He S. Suppressing Systemic Interference in fNIRS Monitoring of the Hemodynamic Cortical Response to Motor Execution and Imagery. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:85. [PMID: 29556184 PMCID: PMC5845019 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemodynamic response to motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI) was investigated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We used a 31 channel fNIRS system which allows non-invasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation changes induced by cortical activation. Sixteen healthy subjects (mean-age 24.5 yeas) were recruited and the changes in concentration of hemoglobin were examined during right and left hand finger tapping tasks and kinesthetic MI. To suppress the systemic physiological interference, we developed a preprocessing procedure which prevents over-activated reporting in NIRS-SPM. In the condition of ME, more activation was observed in the anterior part of the motor cortex including the pre-motor and supplementary motor area (pre-motor and SMA), primary motor cortex (M1) and somatosensory motor cortex (SMC; t(15) > 2.27), however, in the condition of MI, more activation was found in the posterior part of motor cortex including SMC (t(15) > 1.81), which is in line with previous observations with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Wu
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lantian Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Changshui Chen
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Sailing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, China
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22
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Virtual Reality Rehabilitation With Functional Electrical Stimulation Improves Upper Extremity Function in Patients With Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018; 99:1447-1453.e1. [PMID: 29505744 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare virtual reality (VR) combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) with cyclic FES for improving upper extremity function and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic stroke. DESIGN A pilot, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial. SETTING Stroke rehabilitation inpatient unit. PARTICIPANTS Participants (N=48) with hemiplegia secondary to a unilateral stroke for >3 months and with a hemiplegic wrist extensor Medical Research Council scale score ranging from 1 to 3. INTERVENTIONS FES was applied to the wrist extensors and finger extensors. A VR-based wearable rehabilitation device was used combined with FES and virtual activity-based training for the intervention group. The control group received cyclic FES only. Both groups completed 20 sessions over a 4-week period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome measures were changes in Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity and Wolf Motor Function Test scores. Secondary outcome measures were changes in Box and Block Test, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, and Stroke Impact Scale scores. Assessments were performed at baseline (t0) and at 2 weeks (t1), 4 weeks (t4), and 8 weeks (t8). Between-group comparisons were evaluated using a repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Forty-one participants were included in the analysis. Compared with FES alone, VR-FES produced a substantial increase in Fugl-Meyer Assessment-distal score (P=.011) and marginal improvement in Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test-gross score (P=.057). VR-FES produced greater, although nonsignificant, improvements in all other outcome measures, except in the Stroke Impact Scale-activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living score. CONCLUSIONS FES with VR-based rehabilitation may be more effective than cyclic FES in improving distal upper extremity gross motor performance poststroke.
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23
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Wu S, Li J, Gao L, Chen C, He S. Suppressing Systemic Interference in fNIRS Monitoring of the Hemodynamic Cortical Response to Motor Execution and Imagery. Front Hum Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29556184 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemodynamic response to motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI) was investigated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We used a 31 channel fNIRS system which allows non-invasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation changes induced by cortical activation. Sixteen healthy subjects (mean-age 24.5 yeas) were recruited and the changes in concentration of hemoglobin were examined during right and left hand finger tapping tasks and kinesthetic MI. To suppress the systemic physiological interference, we developed a preprocessing procedure which prevents over-activated reporting in NIRS-SPM. In the condition of ME, more activation was observed in the anterior part of the motor cortex including the pre-motor and supplementary motor area (pre-motor and SMA), primary motor cortex (M1) and somatosensory motor cortex (SMC; t(15) > 2.27), however, in the condition of MI, more activation was found in the posterior part of motor cortex including SMC (t(15) > 1.81), which is in line with previous observations with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Wu
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lantian Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Changshui Chen
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Sailing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, China
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Wriessnegger SC, Kirchmeyr D, Bauernfeind G, Müller-Putz GR. Force related hemodynamic responses during execution and imagery of a hand grip task: A functional near infrared spectroscopy study. Brain Cogn 2017; 117:108-116. [PMID: 28673464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We examined force related hemodynamic changes during the performance of a motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI) task by means of multichannel functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The hemodynamic responses of fourteen healthy participants were measured while they performed a hand grip execution or imagery task with low and high grip forces. We found an overall higher increase of [oxy-Hb] concentration changes during ME for both grip forces but with a delayed peak maximum for the lower grip force. During the MI task with lower grip force, the [oxy-Hb] level increases are stronger compared to the MI with higher grip force. The facilitation in performing MI with higher grip strength might thus indicate less inhibition of the actual motor act which could also explain the later increase onset of [oxy-Hb] in the ME task with the lower grip force. Our results suggest that execution and imagery of a hand grip task with high and low grip forces, leads to different cortical activation patterns. Since impaired control of grip forces during object manipulation in particular is one aspect of fine motor control deficits after stroke, our study will contribute to future rehabilitation programs enhancing patient's grip force control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina C Wriessnegger
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Daniela Kirchmeyr
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Günther Bauernfeind
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover, Germany
| | - Gernot R Müller-Putz
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Comparison of Brain Activation during Motor Imagery and Motor Movement Using fNIRS. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 2017:5491296. [PMID: 28546809 PMCID: PMC5435907 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5491296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Motor-activity-related mental tasks are widely adopted for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) as they are a natural extension of movement intention, requiring no training to evoke brain activity. The ideal BCI aims to eliminate neuromuscular movement, making motor imagery tasks, or imagined actions with no muscle movement, good candidates. This study explores cortical activation differences between motor imagery and motor execution for both upper and lower limbs using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Four simple finger- or toe-tapping tasks (left hand, right hand, left foot, and right foot) were performed with both motor imagery and motor execution and compared to resting state. Significant activation was found during all four motor imagery tasks, indicating that they can be detected via fNIRS. Motor execution produced higher activation levels, a faster response, and a different spatial distribution compared to motor imagery, which should be taken into account when designing an imagery-based BCI. When comparing left versus right, upper limb tasks are the most clearly distinguishable, particularly during motor execution. Left and right lower limb activation patterns were found to be highly similar during both imagery and execution, indicating that higher resolution imaging, advanced signal processing, or improved subject training may be required to reliably distinguish them.
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Functional near infrared spectroscopy as a probe of brain function in people with prolonged disorders of consciousness. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 12:312-9. [PMID: 27547728 PMCID: PMC4983150 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive technique which measures changes in brain tissue oxygenation. NIRS has been used for continuous monitoring of brain oxygenation during medical procedures carrying high risk of iatrogenic brain ischemia and also has been adopted by cognitive neuroscience for studies on executive and cognitive functions. Until now, NIRS has not been used to detect residual cognitive functions in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC). In this study we aimed to evaluate the brain function of patients with pDOC by using a motor imagery task while recording NIRS. We also collected data from a group of age and gender matched healthy controls while they carried out both real and imagined motor movements to command. We studied 16 pDOC patients in total, split into two groups: five had a diagnosis of Vegetative state/Unresponsive Wakefulness State, and eleven had a diagnosis of Minimally Conscious State. In the control subjects we found a greater oxy-haemoglobin (oxyHb) response during real movement compared with imagined movement. For the between group comparison, we found a main effect of hemisphere, with greater depression of oxyHb signal in the right > left hemisphere compared with rest period for all three groups. A post-hoc analysis including only the two pDOC patient groups was also significant suggesting that this effect was not just being driven by the control subjects. This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of using NIRS for the assessment of brain function in pDOC patients using a motor imagery task.
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Key Words
- (Prolonged) disorders of consciousness
- Brain function assessment in disorders of consciousness
- Functional near infrared spectroscopy
- M1, primary motor cortex
- MCS, minimally conscious state
- MI, motor imagery
- MM, motor movement
- SMA, supplementary motor area
- SMART, Sensory Modality Assessment for Rehabilitation Technique
- UWS, unresponsive wakefulness state
- VS, vegetative state
- fNIRS, functional near infrared spectroscopy
- pDOC, prolonged disorders of consciousness
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