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Watanabe T, Inaba T, van Rassel CR, MacInnis MJ, Kakinoki K, Hatta H. Identifying physiological determinants of 800 m running performance using post-exercise blood lactate kinetics. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05504-4. [PMID: 38761193 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of the present study were to investigate blood lactate kinetics following high intensity exercise and identify the physiological determinants of 800 m running performance. METHODS Fourteen competitive 800 m runners performed two running tests. First, participants performed a multistage graded exercise test to determine physiological indicators related to endurance performance. Second, participants performed four to six 30-s high intensity running bouts to determine post-exercise blood lactate kinetics. Using a biexponential time function, lactate exchange ability (γ1), lactate removal ability (γ2), and the quantity of lactate accumulated (QLaA) were calculated from individual blood lactate recovery data. RESULTS 800 m running performance was significantly correlated with peak oxygen consumption (r = -0.794), γ1 and γ2 at 800 m race pace (r = -0.604 and -0.845, respectively), and QLaA at maximal running speed (r = -0.657). V ˙ O2peak and γ2 at 800 m race pace explained 83% of the variance in 800 m running performance. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that (1) a high capacity to exchange and remove lactate, (2) a high capacity for short-term lactate accumulation and, (3) peak oxygen consumption, are critical elements of 800 m running performance. Accordingly, while lactate has primarily been utilized as a performance indicator for long-distance running, post-exercise lactate kinetics may also prove valuable as a performance determinant in middle-distance running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Watanabe
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Takeru Inaba
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Cody R van Rassel
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Martin J MacInnis
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
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2
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Takeda R, Nonaka Y, Kakinoki K, Miura S, Kano Y, Hoshino D. Effect of endurance training and PGC-1α overexpression on calculated lactate production volume during exercise based on blood lactate concentration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1635. [PMID: 35102189 PMCID: PMC8803982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate production is an important clue for understanding metabolic and signal responses to exercise but its measurement is difficult. Therefore, this study aimed (1) to develop a method of calculating lactate production volume during exercise based on blood lactate concentration and compare the effects between endurance exercise training (EX) and PGC-1α overexpression (OE), (2) to elucidate which proteins and enzymes contribute to changes in lactate production due to EX and muscle PGC-1α OE, and (3) to elucidate the relationship between lactate production volume and signaling phosphorylations involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. EX and PGC-1α OE decreased muscle lactate production volume at the absolute same-intensity exercise, but only PGC-1α OE increased lactate production volume at the relative same-intensity exercise. Multiple linear regression revealed that phosphofructokinase, monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)1, MCT4, and citrate synthase equally contribute to the lactate production volume at high-intensity exercise within physiological adaptations, such as EX, not PGC-1α OE. We found that an exercise intensity-dependent increase in the lactate production volume was associated with a decrease in glycogen concentration and an increase in P-AMPK/T-AMPK. This suggested that the calculated lactate production volume was appropriate and reflected metabolic and signal responses but further modifications are needed for the translation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reo Takeda
- Bioscience and Technology Program, Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Tokyo, 182-8585, Chofu, Japan
| | - Yudai Nonaka
- Bioscience and Technology Program, Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Tokyo, 182-8585, Chofu, Japan
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kano
- Bioscience and Technology Program, Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Tokyo, 182-8585, Chofu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hoshino
- Bioscience and Technology Program, Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Tokyo, 182-8585, Chofu, Japan.
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Fujimaki T, Ando T, Hata T, Takayama Y, Ohba T, Ichikawa J, Takiyama Y, Tatsuno R, Koyama K, Haro H. Exogenous parathyroid hormone attenuates ovariectomy-induced skeletal muscle weakness in vivo. Bone 2021; 151:116029. [PMID: 34111645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis commonly affects the elderly and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Loss of bone mineral density induces muscle atrophy and increases fracture risk. However, muscle lipid content and droplet size are increased by aging and mobility impairments, inversely correlated with muscle function, and a cause of reduced motor function. Teriparatide, the synthetic form of human parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1-34, has been widely used to treat osteoporosis. Although PTH positively affects muscle differentiation in vitro, the precise function and mechanisms of muscle mass and power preservation are still poorly understood, especially in vivo. In this study, we investigated the effect of PTH on skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction using an ovariectomized murine model. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were ovariectomized or sham-operated. Within each surgical group, the mice were divided into PTH injection or control subgroups. Motor function was evaluated based on grip strength, treadmill running, and lactic acid concentration. PTH receptor was expressed in skeletal muscle cells and myoblasts. PTH inhibited ovariectomy-induced bone loss but not uterine atrophy or increased body weight; PTH not only abolished ovariectomy-induced reduction in grip strength and maximum running speed, but also significantly reduced the ovariectomy-induced increase in lactic acid concentration (compared with that observed in the vehicle control). PTH also abrogated the ovariectomy-induced reduction in the oxidative capacity of muscle fibers, their cross-sectional area, and intramyocellular lipid content, and induced cell proliferation, cell migration, and muscle differentiation, while reducing lipid secretion by C2C12 myoblasts via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. PTH significantly ameliorated muscle weakness and attenuated exercise-induced lactate levels in ovariectomized mice. Our in vitro study demonstrated that PTH/Wnt signaling regulated the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of myoblasts and also reduced lipid secretion in myoblasts. Thus, PTH could regulate several aspects of muscle function and physiology, and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Fujimaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Takanori Hata
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jiro Ichikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Rikito Tatsuno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Koyama
- Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Haro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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A Holistic Evolutionary and 3D Pharmacophore Modelling Study Provides Insights into the Metabolism, Function, and Substrate Selectivity of the Human Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 (hMCT4). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062918. [PMID: 33805725 PMCID: PMC8001682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are of great research interest for their role in cancer cell metabolism and their potential ability to transport pharmacologically relevant compounds across the membrane. Each member of the MCT family could potentially provide novel therapeutic approaches to various diseases. The major differences among MCTs are related to each of their specific metabolic roles, their relative substrate and inhibitor affinities, the regulation of their expression, their intracellular localization, and their tissue distribution. MCT4 is the main mediator for the efflux of L-lactate produced in the cell. Thus, MCT4 maintains the glycolytic phenotype of the cancer cell by supplying the molecular resources for tumor cell proliferation and promotes the acidification of the extracellular microenvironment from the co-transport of protons. A promising therapeutic strategy in anti-cancer drug design is the selective inhibition of MCT4 for the glycolytic suppression of solid tumors. A small number of studies indicate molecules for dual inhibition of MCT1 and MCT4; however, no selective inhibitor with high-affinity for MCT4 has been identified. In this study, we attempt to approach the structural characteristics of MCT4 through an in silico pipeline for molecular modelling and pharmacophore elucidation towards the identification of specific inhibitors as a novel anti-cancer strategy.
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Messonnier LA, Bartolucci P, d'Humières T, Dalmais E, Lacour JR, Freund H, Galactéros F, Féasson L. Preventive measures for the critical postexercise period in sickle cell trait and disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:485-490. [PMID: 33270510 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00855.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immediate postexercise/physical activity period is critical for sickle cell trait (SCT) carriers and disease (SCD) patients. Exercise-related blood acidosis is known to trigger the cascade of HbS deoxygenation and polymerization, leading to red blood cell sickling and subsequent complications. Unfortunately, two facts worsen exercise-related blood acidosis during the initial postexercise period: First, blood lactate and H+ concentrations continue to increase for several minutes after exercise completion, exacerbating blood acidosis. Second, blood lactate concentration remains elevated and pH altered for 20-45 min during inactivity after intense exercise, keeping acid/base balance disturbed for a long period after exercise. Therefore, the risk of complications (including vasoocclusive crises and even sudden death) persists and even worsens several minutes after intense exercise completion in SCT carriers or SCD patients. Light physical activity following intense exercise (namely, active recovery) may, by accelerating lactate removal and acid/base balance restoration, reduce the risk of complications. Scientific evidence suggests that light exercise at or below the first lactate threshold is an appropriate strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent A Messonnier
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
| | - Pablo Bartolucci
- INSERM U955, Equipe 2 Transfusion et maladies du globule rouge, Laboratoire d'Excellence GRex, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris Est-Créteil (UPEC) Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Reference Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Thomas d'Humières
- Service de Physiologie Cardiovasculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Etienne Dalmais
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France.,Centre d'Evaluation et de Prévention Articulaire, Challes-les-Eaux, France
| | - Jean-René Lacour
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Oullins, France
| | - Hubert Freund
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France
| | - Frédéric Galactéros
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris Est-Créteil (UPEC) Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Reference Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Myology Unit, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Referent Center of Neuromuscular Diseases, Euro-NmD, Saint-Etienne, France.,Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
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6
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Maciejewski H, Bourdin M, Féasson L, Dubouchaud H, Messonnier LA. Non-oxidative Energy Supply Correlates with Lactate Transport and Removal in Trained Rowers. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:936-943. [PMID: 32643774 DOI: 10.1055/a-1186-1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to test if the non-oxidative energy supply (estimated by the accumulated oxygen deficit) is associated with an index of muscle lactate accumulation during exercise, muscle monocarboxylate transporter content and the lactate removal ability during recovery in well-trained rowers. Seventeen rowers completed a 3-min all-out exercise on rowing ergometer to estimate the accumulated oxygen deficit. Blood lactate samples were collected during the subsequent passive recovery to assess individual blood lactate curves, which were fitted to the bi-exponential time function: La(t)= [La](0)+A1·(1-e-γ 1 t)+A2·(1-e-γ 2 t), where the velocity constants γ1 and γ2 (min-1) denote the lactate exchange and removal abilities during recovery, respectively. The accumulated oxygen deficit was correlated with the net amount of lactate released from the previously active muscles (r =0.58, P<0.05), the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 (r=0.63, P<0.05) and γ2 (r=0.55, P<0.05). γ2 and the lactate release rate at exercise completion were negatively correlated with citrate synthase activity. These findings suggest that the capacity to supply non-oxidative energy during supramaximal rowing exercise is associated with muscle lactate accumulation and transport, as well as lactate removal ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muriel Bourdin
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Oullins Cedex, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Myology Unit, Neuromuscular Rare Diseases Referent Center of Rhone-Alps, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Hervé Dubouchaud
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent André Messonnier
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Savoie, Le Bourget du Lac, France
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7
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Ammonium Salts Increase Physical Performance and Reduce Blood Lactate Level in Rats in a Model of Forced Swimming. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 168:610-613. [PMID: 32249402 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We compared the effects of two doses of ammonium chloride and ammonium carbonate (10 and 20 mg/kg) on the duration of swimming and blood lactate level. Ammonium chloride in a dose of 20 mg/kg was more efficient than in a dose of 10 mg/kg. The efficiency of ammonium carbonate in a dose of 10 mg/kg was similar to that of ammonium chloride in a dose of 20 mg/kg. Increasing the dose of ammonium carbonate to 20 mg/kg led to a decrease in the duration of swimming. On the last day of the experiment, lactate level in 5 min after exhausting load was maximum in control rats, while in rats treated with 10 mg/kg ammonium carbonate and 20 mg/kg ammonium chloride it was lower by 27 and 33%, respectively. In the control group, the amplitude of the decrease in lactate concentration in 1 h after load was 2-fold greater than in the group receiving ammonium chloride in a dose of 20 mg/kg and 1.6-fold greater that in groups treated with ammonium carbonate in a dose of 10 mg/kg and ammonium chloride in a dose of 20 mg/kg.
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8
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Gary MA, Henning AL, McFarlin BK. Metabolic and Cardiovascular Responses on a Novel, Whole Body Exercise Device Compared to a Cycle Ergometer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2019; 12:1206-1215. [PMID: 31839844 PMCID: PMC6886613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the metabolic effects during a similar bout of exercise on a novel, whole body exercise device (Fish and Kangaroo Machine; FKM) and a cycle ergometer. Recreationally active men and women (n =13) completed two exercise sessions. The exercise protocol included intervals alternating between exercise (3-min) and rest (3-min) for a total duration of 39-min. The exercise intensity between the two modes was matched based on heart rate response. Heart rate, cardiac output, and stroke volume were measured using a wireless telemetry technique (Physioflow Enduro). Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured via breath-by-breath automated analysis of expired respiratory gas (MGC Diagnostics Ultima). Capillary blood lactate was measured using a handheld meter (LactatePlus). While maintaining the heartrate response, stroke volume presented at a higher-level during rest periods, although not significant. There was also higher cardiac output at the end of the exercise bout with the FKM. VO2 was lower at the same heart rate and peak lactate was higher during FKM exercise. Cardiovascular recovery was improved following FKM exercise compared to cycling. The observed responses demonstrated that for a similar heart rate response, the FKM has an enhanced anaerobic metabolic component compared to cycling. These findings demonstrate the FKM may represent a novel exercise device comparable to cycling with unique anaerobic training potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody A Gary
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Andrea L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Brian K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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9
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Heibel AB, Perim PHL, Oliveira LF, McNaughton LR, Saunders B. Time to Optimize Supplementation: Modifying Factors Influencing the Individual Responses to Extracellular Buffering Agents. Front Nutr 2018; 5:35. [PMID: 29868599 PMCID: PMC5951986 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood alkalosis, as indicated by an increased blood bicarbonate concentration and pH, has been shown to be beneficial for exercise performance. Sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, and sodium or calcium lactate, can all result in increased circulating bicarbonate and have all independently been shown to improve exercise capacity and performance under various circumstances. Although there is considerable evidence demonstrating the efficacy of these supplements in several sports-specific situations, it is commonly acknowledged that their efficacy is equivocal, due to contrasting evidence. Herein, we discuss the physiological and environmental factors that may modify the effectiveness of these supplements including, (i) absolute changes in circulating bicarbonate; (ii) supplement timing, (iii) the exercise task performed, (iv) monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) activity; (v) training status, and (vi) associated side-effects. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the factors which may modify the response to these supplements, so that individuals can use this information to attempt to optimize supplementation and allow the greatest possibility of an ergogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B Heibel
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Pedro H L Perim
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,São Camilo University Centre, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana F Oliveira
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lars R McNaughton
- Sports Nutrition and Performance Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom.,Department of Sport and Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pellegrino FJ, Risso A, Vaquero PG, Corrada YA. Physiological parameter values in greyhounds before and after high-intensity exercise. Open Vet J 2018; 8:64-67. [PMID: 29721434 PMCID: PMC5918126 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dog sports competitions have greatly expanded. The availability of reference values for each type of activity could help assess fitness accurately. Heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BL) and rectal temperature (RT) are relevant physiological parameters to determine the dogs response to effort. Previous studies in greyhounds have reported the effect of high-intensity exercise on many physiological parameters immediately after completing different racing distances and recovery times. However, there are no studies concerning physiological changes over shorter racing distances. We therefore assessed the effect of sprint exercise on HR, BL and RT in nine greyhounds performing sprint exercise over a 100-m distance chasing a lure. After the exercise, dogs underwent a passive 10-min recovery phase. Before the exercise, immediately after it and at 5 and 10 min during recovery, HR and RT were assessed and blood samples were collected for BL determination. HR, BL and RT values increased significantly after the exercise (P<0.01). Whereas HR returned to pre-exercise values at 10 min during the recovery phase (P>0.1), BL concentration and RT remained increased (P<0.01). The abrupt increase in HR, BL and RT values observed immediately after the exercise indicates the high intensity of the effort performed. Similarly, BL concentration after the exercise exceeded the 4 mmol/L lactate threshold, suggesting a predominant anaerobic metabolism during effort. Although HR returned to pre-exercise values 10 min after the exercise, a more extensive recovery phase would be necessary for a total return to resting values, particularly for BL and RT. In greyhounds subjected to high-intensity exercise, HR, BL and RT were reliable physiological parameters to accurately assess the physiological response to effort. The use of sprint exercises over short racing distances could be useful for appropriately monitoring fitness in sporting dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Pellegrino
- LAFIVET - Laboratorio de Fisioterapia Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118 (1900) La Plata, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (CONICET LA PLATA), 8 Nº 1467, La Plata, Argentina.,IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), 60 y 118 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Analía Risso
- LAFIVET - Laboratorio de Fisioterapia Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118 (1900) La Plata, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (CONICET LA PLATA), 8 Nº 1467, La Plata, Argentina.,IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), 60 y 118 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo G Vaquero
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), 5 esq. 116 (6360), General Pico, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Yanina A Corrada
- LAFIVET - Laboratorio de Fisioterapia Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118 (1900) La Plata, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (CONICET LA PLATA), 8 Nº 1467, La Plata, Argentina
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