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Kusmierczyk J, Wiecek M, Wojciak G, Mardyła M, Kreiner G, Szygula Z, Szymura J. The Effect of Physical Activity and Repeated Whole-Body Cryotherapy on the Expression of Modulators of the Inflammatory Response in Mononuclear Blood Cells among Young Men. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2724. [PMID: 38731252 PMCID: PMC11084784 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Series of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) among healthy and physically active individuals can potentially reduce inflammatory response, although exact mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: The impact of whole-body cryotherapy on inflammation modulators among 28 young males, categorized as non-training (NTR, N = 10), non-training with WBC (NTR-WBC, N = 10), and training with WBC (TR-WBC, N = 8), is investigated in this study. Over a period of eight weeks, NTR-WBC and TR-WBC subjects underwent 24 WBC treatments (-130 °C for 3 min, three times a week), examining changes in mRNA expressions of IL-1A, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-G, SIRT1, SIRT3, SOD2, GSS, and ICAM-1. Results: The received data indicate an acute inflammatory response to initial WBC (increased IL-1A, IL-6, and SIRT), with a greater effect in NTR-WBC. Subsequent sessions showed enhanced expressions of antioxidative genes in both WBC groups, particularly non-trained, suggesting improved oxidative stress adaptation. A notable decrease in ICAM-1 mRNA post-24 WBC treatments in NTR-WBC signifies a potential systemic anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that the combination of regular physical activity with WBC administered three times per week can potentially modulate inflammatory and antioxidant responses. This modulation is evidenced by changes in the expression of genes related to these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kusmierczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland; (M.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Wiecek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland; (M.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Gabriela Wojciak
- Department of Biomechanics and Physical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Mardyła
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland; (M.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Kreiner
- Department Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Szygula
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Jadwiga Szymura
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
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2
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Alito A, Fontana JM, Franzini Tibaldeo E, Verme F, Piterà P, Miller E, Cremascoli R, Brioschi A, Capodaglio P. Whole-Body Cryostimulation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2003. [PMID: 38610768 PMCID: PMC11012586 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of non-traumatic long-term disability in young adults. Whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) is a cold-based physical therapy known to induce physiological exercise-mimicking changes in the cardiovascular, neuromuscular, immune, and endocrine systems and to influence functional and psychological parameters by exposing the human body to cryogenic temperatures (≤-110 °C) for 2-3 min. The purpose of this scoping review is to present an overall view on the potential role of WBC as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of MS. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to 30 November 2023, and a total of 13 articles were included. WBC may have beneficial antioxidant effects as a short-term adjuvant treatment in MS. There were no significant changes in antioxidant enzymes, nitric oxide levels, metalloproteinase levels, blood counts, rheology, and biochemistry. WBC can lead to a reduction in fatigue and an improvement in functional status, with a significant effect on both mental and physical well-being. There were no reported adverse effects. The results suggest that WBC may complement therapeutic options for patients with MS, as the effects of cryogenic cold stimulation have been shown to activate antioxidant processes and improve functional status, mood, anxiety, and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Alito
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Jacopo Maria Fontana
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Orthopedic Rehabilitation Unit, Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (J.M.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Eleonora Franzini Tibaldeo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Torino, 10121 Torino, Italy;
| | - Federica Verme
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Orthopedic Rehabilitation Unit, Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (J.M.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Piterà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Torino, Italy;
| | - Elzbieta Miller
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Riccardo Cremascoli
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Unit of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (R.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Brioschi
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Unit of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (R.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Orthopedic Rehabilitation Unit, Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (J.M.F.); (P.C.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Torino, 10121 Torino, Italy;
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3
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Nastaj J, Skalski J, Budzisz A, Szikszay TM, Swoboda S, Kowalska W, Nowak D, Zbroja E, Kruszyna N, Jakubińska M, Grygny D, Polczyk R, Małecki A, Luedtke K, Adamczyk WM. Spatial summation of pain is associated with pain expectations: Results from a home-based paradigm. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297067. [PMID: 38300918 PMCID: PMC10833545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to reproduce the previously observed spatial summation of pain effect (SSp) using non-laboratory procedures and commercial equipment. An additional aim was to explore the association between expectations and SSp. The Cold Pressor Task (CPT) was used to induce SSp. Healthy participants (N = 68) immersed their non-dominant hands (divided into 5 segments) into cold water (CPT). Two conditions were used 1) gradual hand immersion (ascending condition) and 2) gradual hand withdrawal (descending condition). Pain intensity was measured on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Psychological factors, such as the participants' expectations of pain intensity were also measured on a VAS. Results showed significant SSp (χ2(4) = 116.90, p < 0.001), reproduced with non-laboratory equipment in a home-based set-up. Furthermore, two novel findings were observed: i) there was a significant correlation between expectations and perceived pain, indicating a link between pain expectations and SSp, ii) spatial summation increased with the increase in duration exposure to the noxious stimulus (Wald χ2(8) = 80.80, p < 0.001). This study suggests that SSp is associated with pain expectations and can be formed by a mixture of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms potentially driven by temporal characteristics of neural excitation. Moreover, this study proposes a new feasible way to induce SSp using a home-based set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Nastaj
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jacek Skalski
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Budzisz
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tibor M. Szikszay
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Pain & Exercise Research Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sylwia Swoboda
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Weronika Kowalska
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Daria Nowak
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Edyta Zbroja
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Kruszyna
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Jakubińska
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dominika Grygny
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Romuald Polczyk
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Małecki
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Kerstin Luedtke
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Pain & Exercise Research Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wacław M. Adamczyk
- Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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4
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Michaux P, Gaume B, Cong Y, Quéméner O. Human body numerical simulation: An accurate model for a thigh subjected to a cold treatment. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107689. [PMID: 37984207 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the development of a digital twin model of a thigh portion subjected to various thermal treatments. Two scenarios are investigated: cold water immersion (CWI) and whole body cryotherapy (WBC), for which the comparison of numerical results with experimental measurements validates the consistency of the developed model. The use of real geometry on a first subject demonstrates the high heterogeneity of the temperature field and the need for accurate geometry. A second subject with thicker adipose tissue highlights the impact of the subject's actual morphology on the validity of the treatment and the necessity to work with real geometry in order to optimize cold modalities and develop personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Michaux
- LMEE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91020, Evry, France
| | - B Gaume
- LMEE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91020, Evry, France.
| | - Y Cong
- LMEE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91020, Evry, France
| | - O Quéméner
- LMEE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91020, Evry, France
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5
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Laborde S, Wanders J, Mosley E, Javelle F. Influence of physical post-exercise recovery techniques on vagally-mediated heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024; 44:14-35. [PMID: 37754676 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In sports, physical recovery following exercise-induced fatigue is mediated via the reactivation of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). A noninvasive way to quantify the reactivation of the PNS is to assess vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), which can then be used as an index of physical recovery. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of physical recovery techniques following exercise-induced fatigue on vmHRV, specifically via the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). Randomized controlled trials from the databases PubMed, WebOfScience, and SportDiscus were included. Twenty-four studies were part of the systematic review and 17 were included in the meta-analysis. Using physical post-exercise recovery techniques displayed a small to moderate positive effect on RMSSD (k = 22, Hedges' g = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20-0.61, p = 0.04) with moderate heterogeneity. In the subgroup analyses, cold water immersion displayed a moderate to large positive effect (g = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.42-1.07) compared with none for other techniques. For exercise type, physical recovery techniques performed after resistance exercise (g = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48-0.89) demonstrated a larger positive effect than after cardiovascular intermittent (g = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.06-0.97), while physical recovery techniques performed after cardiovascular continuous exercise had no effect. No significant subgroup differences for training status and exercise intensity were observed. Overall, physical post-exercise recovery techniques can accelerate PNS reactivation as indexed by vmHRV, but the effectiveness varies with the technique and exercise type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- UFR STAPS, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Jannik Wanders
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emma Mosley
- Solent University Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Florian Javelle
- NeuroPsychoImmunology Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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6
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Mokbel K, Kodresko A, Ghazal H, Mokbel R, Trembley J, Jouhara H. Cryogenic Media in Biomedical Applications: Current Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. In Vivo 2024; 38:1-39. [PMID: 38148045 PMCID: PMC10756490 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the crucial role of cryogenic mediums in driving breakthroughs within the biomedical sector. The objective was to investigate, critically discuss, and present the current knowledge and state-of-the-art practices, along with the challenges and perspectives of the most common applications. Through an extensive literature review, this work aims to supplement existing research, offering a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the subject. Biomedical research involving cryogenic mediums is advancing on multiple fronts, including the development of advanced medical technologies, clinical treatments for life-threatening conditions, high-quality biospecimen preservation, and antimicrobial interventions in industrial food processing. These advances open new horizons and present cutting-edge opportunities for research and the medical community. While the current body of evidence showcases the impressive impact of cryogenic mediums, such as nitrogen, helium, argon, and oxygen, on revolutionary developments, reaching definitive conclusions on their efficiency and safety remains challenging due to process complexity and research scarcity with a moderate certainty of evidence. Knowledge gaps further underline the need for additional studies to facilitate cryogenic research in developing innovative technological processes in biomedicine. These advancements have the potential to reshape the modern world and significantly enhance the quality of life for people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefah Mokbel
- The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, U.K
| | - Alevtina Kodresko
- Heat Pipe and Thermal Management Research Group, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University, London, U.K
| | - Heba Ghazal
- Kingston University, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston Upon Thames, U.K
| | - Ramia Mokbel
- The Princess Grace Hospital, part of HCA Healthcare UK, London, U.K
| | - Jon Trembley
- Air Products PLC, Hersham Place Technology Park, Surrey, U.K
| | - Hussam Jouhara
- Heat Pipe and Thermal Management Research Group, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University, London, U.K.;
- Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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7
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Verme F, Fontana JM, Piterà P, Alito A, Saffioti S, Baccalaro G, Zebellin G, Capodaglio P. Whole-Body Cryostimulation in Functional Neurological Disorders: A Case Report. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 12:71. [PMID: 38200977 PMCID: PMC10778987 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional neurological disorders (FNDs) are complex disabling conditions requiring a multiple rehabilitation intervention. Here, we propose a new use of whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) that was implemented in a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme in a wheelchair-ridden woman diagnosed with FND and other comorbidities. WBC is a promising adjuvant treatment in various conditions of rehabilitation interest, mainly because of its wide range of rapid effects, from anti-inflammatory to pain and autonomic modulating effects. The 4-week program included physiotherapy, nutritional intervention, psychological support, and WBC (-110 °C for 2 min). Questionnaires to assess disease impact, pain level, fatigue and sleep quality were administered. At discharge, improvements in body composition, haematological biomarkers, physical performance, and questionnaire scores were observed. The patient was able to walk independently with a walker for medium distances and reported unprecedented improvements, particularly in functional parameters and questionnaire scores. Although the extent to which WBC per se contributed to the measured improvements cannot be ascertained, subjective reports and our clinical observations indicate that WBC, the only intervention not previously experienced by the patient, acted as a booster for the rehabilitation interventions. Further research will be necessary to rule out any possible placebo effect and to confirm the effects of WBC on FND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Verme
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (J.M.F.); (P.P.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Jacopo Maria Fontana
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (J.M.F.); (P.P.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Piterà
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (J.M.F.); (P.P.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Angelo Alito
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Silvia Saffioti
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (J.M.F.); (P.P.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Gabriele Baccalaro
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (J.M.F.); (P.P.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Giuliano Zebellin
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (J.M.F.); (P.P.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (J.M.F.); (P.P.); (S.S.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (P.C.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Piterà P, Springhetti I, Alito A, Verme F, Fontana JM, Capodaglio P. Whole-Body Cryostimulation, a Complementary Treatment for Phantom Limb Syndrome: Preliminary Evidence from a Case Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:22. [PMID: 38256283 PMCID: PMC10821185 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a challenging condition affecting a significant proportion of amputees. In this article, we describe the case of a 54-year-old Paralympic athlete with phantom limb syndrome following right leg amputation and widespread sports-related enthesitic pain who underwent a whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) cycle, an emerging treatment known for its rapid pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects. Assessments were conducted before and after a 10-session WBC cycle, including pain and quality of life assessment and use of medications. A substantial reduction in enthesitic pain, PLP intensity, paresthesia, and tingling related to atmospheric events and improved function and quality of life were reported after the WBC cycle and lasted for two weeks. One month after WBC, the enthesitic pain following sports activity and PLP gradually returned, but with lesser intensity. Similarly, the stump's sensitivity to atmospheric changes returned, but with lower frequency. Pain at night remained lower than before WBC, with significantly improved quality of sleep. This case study suggests that WBC could be a valuable adjuvant treatment for alleviating PLP. Controlled studies are warranted to validate the findings of this case report and elucidate the mechanisms underlying the positive effects of WBC in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Piterà
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (I.S.); (F.V.); (J.M.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Isabella Springhetti
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (I.S.); (F.V.); (J.M.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Angelo Alito
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Federica Verme
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (I.S.); (F.V.); (J.M.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Jacopo Maria Fontana
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (I.S.); (F.V.); (J.M.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (I.S.); (F.V.); (J.M.F.); (P.C.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Wiecek M, Szymura J, Kusmierczyk J, Lipowska M, Szygula Z. Whole-Body Cryotherapy Improves Asprosin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Postmenopausal Women-Perspectives in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1602. [PMID: 38002284 PMCID: PMC10669023 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a global problem. The effect of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on metabolism in humans is postulated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of WBC on asprosin concentrations, glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with T2DM. Changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, asprosin, insulin-resistance indices (HOMA-IR, Quicki), the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. Determination was carried out after 30 WBCs (3 min, -120 °C), applied in six series of five treatments, with 2-day breaks in postmenopausal women with T2DM and the results were compared to changes in postmenopausal women without T2DM (CON). Blood was collected before 1 WBC (T0), after 30 WBCs (T1) and 2 weeks after their completion (T2). In the T2DM group, there was a significant decrease in FBG and HbA1c in T1 and T2, as well as a significant decrease in insulin, HOMA-IR and CRP, and an increase in the Quicki index in T2. In the CON group, the concentration of asprosin at T2 was significantly lower than at T0. There was a significantly positive correlation between asprosin and FBG and HOMA-IR, and a trend towards a decrease of asprosin concentration in T2 in postmenopausal women with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wiecek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Szymura
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Kusmierczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Lipowska
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szygula
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Kraków, Poland
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Ptaszek B, Podsiadło S, Wójcik A, Czerwińska-Ledwig O, Teległów A. The influence of whole-body cryotherapy or winter swimming on the lipid profile and selected adipokines. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:135. [PMID: 37858203 PMCID: PMC10588021 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a series of 20 whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) sessions and 20 winter swimming sessions on the lipid profile and selected adipokines. MATERIALS/METHODS The experimental group consisted of 30 people who underwent a series of WBC treatments and 30 people who underwent a winter swimming. The control group consisted of 30 people - without intervention. Study 1: on the day of the commencement of whole-body cryotherapy / at the beginning of the winter swimming season; and Study 2: after a series of 20 cryotherapy sessions / at the end of the winter swimming season. The control group was also tested twice (4-week break). There were 20 WBC treatments - 5 times a week (4 weeks) and 20 cold water baths - once a week (20 weeks). RESULTS A statistically significant increase in the concentration of adiponectin, resistin and leptin in women and resistin and leptin in men was observed after the winter swimming season. Differences were also found in the second study between the groups of women using WBC and the control group, as well as the groups of women swimming and the control group. In men, however, these differences were observed in WBC and the control group. The significance level of α = 0.05 was adopted in the analyzes. CONCLUSIONS The use of WBC may changes in the lipid profile and selected adipokines in men. Regular winter swimming may changes of selected adipokines in both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Ptaszek
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, 31-571 Poland
| | - Szymon Podsiadło
- Institute of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, 31-571 Poland
| | - Artur Wójcik
- Malopolska Cryotherapy Rehabilitation Center in Krakow, Krakow, 30-036 Poland
| | - Olga Czerwińska-Ledwig
- Institute of Basic Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, 31-571 Poland
| | - Aneta Teległów
- Institute of Basic Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, 31-571 Poland
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11
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Pokora I, Drzazga Z, Wyderka P, Binek M. Determination of the Effects of a Series of Ten Whole-Body Cryostimulation Sessions on Physiological Responses to Exercise and Skin Temperature Behavior following Exercise in Elite Athletes. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6159. [PMID: 37834804 PMCID: PMC10573447 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of a series of 10 whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) sessions (3 min; -110 °C) on physiological and thermal responses to a submaximal exercise test in 17 elite athletes. Participants performed an exercise test twice at similar levels of intensity before and after a series of ten WBC sessions. Before and during the test, each participant's oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), internal temperature (Ti), and skin temperature in selected areas of the skin were measured, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP), physiological strain index (PSI), and mean skin temperature (Tsk) were calculated. The results show that during exercise, increases in Ti and the PSI were significantly lower after the WBC sessions, and although there were no significant changes in HR or the MAP, the Tsk was significantly higher. Following exercise, an increase in skin temperature asymmetry over the lower-body muscles was detected. A series of WBC sessions induced a tendency toward a decrease in temperature asymmetry over the thigh muscles. In conclusion, a series of ten WBC sessions does not induce significant modifications in physiological variables but does influence the PSI and Ti during exercise. Moreover, a series of ten WBC sessions influences the distribution of skin temperature and the magnitude of temperature asymmetries in the early phase of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Pokora
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
| | - Zofia Drzazga
- The Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Piotr Wyderka
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mariusz Binek
- The Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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Wolska B, Domagała Ł, Kisilewicz A, Hassanlouei H, Makar P, Kawczyński A, Klich S. Multiple cryosauna sessions for post-exercise recovery of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS): a randomized control trial. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1253140. [PMID: 37772056 PMCID: PMC10523143 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1253140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The main goal was to investigate the effectiveness of cryosauna in preventing the development of delayed onset muscle soreness and to analyze the regenerative changes within muscles after acute fatigue-induced exercises. Thirty-one volunteers were assigned into two groups: 1) an intervention group that participated in cryostimulation after fatigue-induced exercise protocol (CRYO, n = 16) and a control group that performed fatigue-induced exercise protocol, but without any intervention (CONT, n = 15). Main outcome measures include at baseline: blood sample testing (leukocyte content, myoglobin concentration, and creatine kinase activity) and muscle stiffness of lower extremity; immediately after (stiffness), and 24-48-72-96 h post-exercise (blood samples and stiffness). Both groups performed an exercise-induced muscle damage protocol based on repeated countermovement jumps (10 sets, 10 repetitions). The CRYO group underwent a cryosauna (temperature: -110°C, time: 1.5 min per session) intervention during four sessions (i.e., immediately after, 24-48-72 h post-exercise). Leukocyte content was significantly greater 24-48-72 h after exercise in CONT, compared with the CRYO group (p ≤ 0.05 for all), while creatine kinase activity was greater 24-48-96 h in CONT, compared with the CRYO group (p ≤ 0.05 for all). Muscle stiffness increased significantly in rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, and fibula muscle after 48 h post-exercise (p ≤ 0.05 for all), as well as in tibialis anterior and fibula after 72 h post-exercise (p ≤ 0.05 for all) in the CRYO group. Multiple cryosauna was an effective recovery strategy that reduced blood biomarkers and muscle stiffness after exercise-induced muscle damage. Moreover, the development of delayed onset muscle soreness, expressed by a greater muscle stiffness post-exercise, was attenuated to the first 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Wolska
- Department of Combat Sports, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Domagała
- Department of Athletics, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Hamidollah Hassanlouei
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences and Technology in Sport, Shahid Beheshti University, Teheran, Iran
| | - Piotr Makar
- Department of Swimming, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Kawczyński
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sebastian Klich
- Department of Paralympic Sport, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Kujawski S, Zalewski P, Godlewska BR, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Murovska M, Newton JL, Sokołowski Ł, Słomko J. Effects of whole-body cryotherapy and static stretching are maintained 4 weeks after treatment in most patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Cryobiology 2023; 112:104546. [PMID: 37230457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the previous study, whole-body cryotherapy (WBC)+static stretching (SS) has been shown to reduce the severity of some symptoms in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) noted just after the therapy. Here we consider the effects of treatment and explore the sustainability of symptom improvements at four weeks (one-month) follow-up. Twenty-two CFS patients were assessed one month after WBC + SS programme. Parameters related to fatigue (Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ), Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)), cognitive function (Trial Making test part A and B (TMT A and TMT B and its difference (TMT B-A)), Coding) hemodynamic, aortic stiffness (aortic systolic blood pressure (sBP aortic)) and autonomic nervous system functioning were measured. TMT A, TMT B, TMT B-A and Coding improved at one month after the WBC + SS programme. WBC + SS had a significant effect on the increase in sympathetic nervous system activity in rest. WBC + SS had a significant, positive chronotropic effect on the cardiac muscle. Peripheral and aortic systolic blood pressure decreased one month after WBC + SS in comparison to before. Effects of WBC + SS on reduction of fatigue, indicators of aortic stiffness and symptoms severity related to autonomic nervous system disturbance and improvement in cognitive function were maintained at one month. However, improvement in all three fatigue scales (CFQ, FIS and FSS) was noted in 17 of 22 patients. In addition, ten patients were treated initially but they were not assessed at 4 weeks, and are thus not included in the 22 patients who were examined on follow-up. The overall effects of WBC + SS noted at one month post-treatment should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Kujawski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Paweł Zalewski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Warsaw Medical University, 1b Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Beata R Godlewska
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Warsaw Medical University, 1b Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Modra Murovska
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradinš University, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Julia L Newton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Łukasz Sokołowski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Słomko
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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14
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Pałka T, Maciejczyk M, Czerwińska-Ledwig O, Tota Ł, Bawelski M, Leiva-Arcas A, Stabrawa R, Bujas P, Mucha D, Wiśniewski A, Piotrowska A. Effects of Vibrotherapy with Different Characteristics and Body Position on Post-Exercise Recovery after Anaerobic Exercise. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4629. [PMID: 37510743 PMCID: PMC10380729 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this project was to indicate the optimal parameters such as frequency, duration of a single vibrotherapy, and body position, which will be used as a form of recovery modality after physical exercise. Sixteen healthy male volunteers were involved in this study. The aerobic and anaerobic capacity of participants was assessed. Each of the subjects performed a set of intensive physical exercises and then underwent vibrotherapy treatment. In random order, each of the men tested the effectiveness of eight of the combinations of frequency, duration, and body position. The effect of the procedure accelerating recovery was assessed 24 h after physical exercise with the Wingate test. Changes in oxygen saturation and biochemical markers (interleukins: Il-1β, Il-6, and creatine kinase: CK), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) were assessed 1 h and 24 h after the physical effort. Lactate concentrations were measured 3, 15, 30, and 60 min after the end of the vibration. It was indicated that the optimal treatment should be based on lower ranges of frequency values (2-52 Hz). The procedure with raised feet is also more beneficial than the flat, supine position. To improve the overall work, and a number of biochemical markers (CK and Il-1β), a 45 min treatment will be more efficient, because significantly lower CK activity was indicated for the 45 min treatment. For this duration, higher values of Il-1β were indicated in the measurement carried out for samples collected 60 min after the treatment and lower in the measurement carried out 24 h after the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pałka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Czerwińska-Ledwig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Tota
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Bawelski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alejandro Leiva-Arcas
- Faculty of Sport, San Antonio de Murcia Catholic University Los Jerónimos Campus, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Rafał Stabrawa
- Institute of Physical Education, State Higher School of Vocational Education, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bujas
- Department of Sports Theory and Anthropomotorics, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dawid Mucha
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wiśniewski
- II Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Stefan Żeromski Specialist Hospital, 31-913 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
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15
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Tabisz H, Modlinska A, Kujawski S, Słomko J, Zalewski P. Whole-body cryotherapy as a treatment for chronic medical conditions? Br Med Bull 2023; 146:43-72. [PMID: 37170956 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is a controlled exposure of the whole body to cold to gain health benefits. In recent years, data on potential applications of WBC in multiple clinical settings have emerged. SOURCES OF DATA PubMed, EBSCO and Clinical Key search using keywords including terms 'whole body', 'cryotherapy' and 'cryostimulation'. AREAS OF AGREEMENT WBC could be applied as adjuvant therapy in multiple conditions involving chronic inflammation because of its potent anti-inflammatory effects. Those might include systemic inflammation as in rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, WBC could serve as adjuvant therapy for chronic inflammation in some patients with obesity. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY WBC probably might be applied as an adjuvant treatment in patients with chronic brain disorders including mild cognitive impairment and general anxiety disorder and in patients with depressive episodes and neuroinflammation reduction as in multiple sclerosis. WBC effects in metabolic disorder treatment are yet to be determined. WBC presumably exerts pleiotropic effects and therefore might serve as adjuvant therapy in multi-systemic disorders, including myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). GROWING POINTS The quality of studies on the effects of WBC in the clinical setting is in general low; hence, randomized controlled trials with adequate sample size and longer follow-up periods are needed. AREAS ARE TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Further studies should examine the mechanism underlying the clinical efficacy of WBC. Multiple conditions might involve chronic inflammation, which in turn could be a potential target of WBC. Further research on the application of WBC in neurodegenerative disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders and ME/CFS should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tabisz
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, Bydgoszcz 85-077, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Modlinska
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, Bydgoszcz 85-077, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kujawski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, Bydgoszcz 85-077, Poland
| | - Joanna Słomko
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, Bydgoszcz 85-077, Poland
| | - Pawel Zalewski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, Bydgoszcz 85-077, Poland
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Warsaw Medical University, 1b Banacha Street, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
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16
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Kelly EA, Forootan NS, Checketts JX, Frank A, Tangen CL. Retrospective analysis of whole-body cryotherapy adverse effects in Division I collegiate athletes. J Osteopath Med 2023; 123:249-257. [PMID: 36927611 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2022-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although the physiological effects and the performance of athletes after utilizing whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) have been widely studied, there is a lack of data on its adverse effects. It is important to be aware of the adverse effects of any treatment for its use to be properly recommended. OBJECTIVES This study aims to provide insight to any adverse effects that collegiate athletes experienced after utilizing WBC to better utilize this therapeutic modality. METHODS After the Institutional Review Board (IRB) deemed exemption, all 457 Division 1-A varsity athletes were recruited via email to participate in a retrospective survey. Participants consented to the study by continuing to the questions. The inclusion criteria were that they must be 18 years of age or older, had completed WBC at that university, and were a student-athlete. The survey was six questions long, and if any of the inclusion criteria was not met, they were redirected to end the survey. The data were analyzed utilizing odds ratios. RESULTS Of the 457 student-athletes, 11.2% (n=51) responded and 6.3% (n=29) met the inclusion criteria. Responses were obtained from women's lacrosse (27.6%; n=8), women's gymnastics (24.1%, n=7), field hockey (17.2%, n=5), wrestling (6.9%, n=2), football (6.9%, n=2), women's cross country (3.5%, n=1), men's basketball (3.5%, n=1), women's volleyball (3.5%, n=1), softball (3.5%, n=1), and baseball (3.5%, n=1). Among the responses, 79.3% (n=23) were females and 29.7% (n=6) were males. Within 1 h of WBC, the most frequently reported adverse effects were skin rash (27.6%, n=8), itching (13.8%, n=4), and fatigue (6.9%, n=2). More than 1 h after WBC, the most frequently reported adverse effects were skin rash (20.7%, n=6), itching (10.3%, n=3), and increased energy (6.9%, n=2). When stratified by female and male athletes, for both within 1 h and more than 1 h after WBC, there were increased odds for females reporting adverse effects; however, neither were statistically significant (OR 4.58, p=0.19, 95% CI 0.46 to 45.61) (OR 3.84, p=0.25, 95% CI 0.39 to 38.36). Within 1 h of WBC, 58.6% (n=17) of subjects reported no adverse effects, and more than 1 h after WBC, 65.5% (n=19) subjects reported no adverse effects. The mean satisfaction level rating was 6.34 (range 0-10, n=29). When asked if they would do WBC again, 65.5% (n=19) responded "yes" and 34.5% (n=10) responded "no." CONCLUSIONS In this collegiate athlete population, negative adverse effects of WBC commonly included skin burns and itching while potentially proving a beneficial adverse effect of increased energy. Subjects commonly reported no adverse effects after WBC treatment as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA
| | | | - Jake X Checketts
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oklahoma State Medical Center, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Austin Frank
- Athletic Training Department, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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The Influence of Single Whole-Body Cryostimulation on Cytokine Status and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers during Exhaustive Physical Effort: A Crossover Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065559. [PMID: 36982633 PMCID: PMC10058332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of single whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) preceding submaximal exercise on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in professional, male athletes. The subjects (n = 32, age 25.2 ± 37) were exposed to low temperatures (−130 °C) in a cryochamber and then participated in 40 min of exercise (85% HRmax). Two weeks afterwards, the control exercise (without WBC) was performed. Blood samples were taken before the start of the study, immediately after the WBC procedure, after exercise preceded by WBC (WBC exercise) and after exercise without WBC. It has been shown that catalase activity after WBC exercise is lower in comparison with activity after control exercise. The interleukin 1β (IL-1-1β) level was higher after control exercise than after WBC exercise, after the WBC procedure and before the start of the study (p < 0.01). The WBC procedure interleukin 6 (IL-6) level was compared with the baseline level (p < 0.01). The level of Il-6 was higher both after WBC exercise and after control exercise compared with the level recorded after the WBC procedure (p < 0.05). Several significant correlations between the studied parameters were shown. In conclusion, the changes in the cytokine concentration in the athletes’ blood confirm that body exposition to extremely low temperatures before exercise could regulate the inflammatory reaction course and secretion of cytokines during exercise. A single session of WBC in the case of well-trained, male athletes does not significantly affect the level of oxidative stress indicators.
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Qu C, Wu Z, Xu M, Lorenzo S, Dong Y, Wang Z, Qin F, Zhao J. Cryotherapy on Subjective Sleep Quality, Muscle, and Inflammatory Response in Chinese Middle- and Long-Distance Runners After Muscle Damage. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:2883-2890. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ptaszek B, Podsiadło S, Czerwińska-Ledwig O, Maciejczyk M, Teległów A. Effect of Whole-Body Cryotherapy on Iron Status and Biomarkers of Neuroplasticity in Multiple Sclerosis Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091681. [PMID: 36141293 PMCID: PMC9498764 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effect of a series of 20 whole body cryotherapy (WBC) sessions on iron levels and neuroplasticity biomarkers in women with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy women. Consent was obtained from the Bioethics Committee at the Regional Medical Chamber in Krakow (87/KBL/OIL/2018; 8 May 2018). The study was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620001142921; 2 November 2020). The study included 30 people: 15 women with multiple sclerosis (mean age 41.53 ± 6.98 years) and 15 healthy women (mean age 38.47 ± 6.0 years). Both groups attended cryotherapy sessions. Venous blood was collected for analysis before the WBC session and after 20 sessions. In women with MS and healthy women, no significant effect of WBC on changes in the level biomarkers of neuroplasticity was found. There were also no statistically significant differences between the groups of the analyzed indices at the beginning of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Ptaszek
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Szymon Podsiadło
- Institute of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Czerwińska-Ledwig
- Institute of Basic Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Teległów
- Institute of Basic Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
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20
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Rodrigues S, Forte P, Dewaele E, Branquinho L, Teixeira JE, Ferraz R, Barbosa TM, Monteiro AM. Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Technique on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Systematic Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58091154. [PMID: 36143831 PMCID: PMC9505400 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The effect of the blood flow restriction technique (BFR) on delayed onset muscular soreness (DOMS) symptoms remains unclear. Since there is no consensus in the literature, the aim of the present study is to systematically identify and appraise the available evidence on the effects of the BFR technique on DOMS, in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Computerized literature search in the databases Pubmed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Cochrane and PEDro to identify randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of blood flow restriction on delayed onset muscular soreness symptoms. Results: Eight trials met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review, presenting the results of 118 participants, with a mean methodological rating of 6/10 on the PEDro scale. Conclusions: So far, there is not enough evidence to confirm or refute the influence of BFR on DOMS, and more studies with a good methodological basis are needed, in larger samples, to establish protocols and parameters of exercise and intervention. Data analysis suggests a tendency toward the proinflammatory effect of BFR during high restrictive pressures combined with eccentric exercises, while postconditioning BFR seems to have a protective effect on DOMS. Prospero ID record: 345457, title registration: “Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Technique on the Prevention of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Systematic Review”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodrigues
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa, Rua Delfim Maia, 334, 4200-253 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro Forte
- Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eva Dewaele
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa, Rua Delfim Maia, 334, 4200-253 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Branquinho
- Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José E. Teixeira
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago M. Barbosa
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - António M. Monteiro
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Haq A, Ribbans WJ, Hohenauer E, Baross AW. The Comparative Effect of Different Timings of Whole Body Cryotherapy Treatment With Cold Water Immersion for Post-Exercise Recovery. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:940516. [PMID: 35873209 PMCID: PMC9299249 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.940516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several established benefits of Whole Body Cryotherapy (WBC) for post-exercise recovery, there is a scarcity of research which has identified the optimum WBC protocol for this purpose. This study investigated the influence of WBC treatment timing on physiological and functional responses following a downhill running bout. An additional purpose was to compare such responses with those following cold water immersion (CWI), since there is no clear consensus as to which cold modality is more effective for supporting athletic recovery. Thirty-three male participants (mean ± SD age 37.0 ± 13.3 years, height 1.76 ± 0.07 m, body mass 79.5 ± 13.7 kg) completed a 30 min downhill run (15% gradient) at 60% VO2 max and were then allocated into one of four recovery groups: WBC1 (n = 9) and WBC4 (n = 8) underwent cryotherapy (3 min, −120°C) 1 and 4 h post-run, respectively; CWI (n = 8) participants were immersed in cold water (10 min, 15°C) up to the waist 1 h post-run and control (CON, n = 8) participants passively recovered in a controlled environment (20°C). Maximal isometric leg muscle torque was assessed pre and 24 h post-run. Blood creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness, femoral artery blood flow, plasma IL-6 and sleep were also assessed pre and post-treatment. There were significant decreases in muscle torque for WBC4 (10.9%, p = 0.04) and CON (11.3% p = 0.00) and no significant decreases for WBC1 (5.6%, p = 0.06) and CWI (5.1%, p = 0.15). There were no significant differences between groups in muscle soreness, CK, IL-6 or sleep. Femoral artery blood flow significantly decreased in CWI (p = 0.02), but did not differ in other groups. WBC treatments within an hour may be preferable for muscle strength recovery compared to delayed treatments; however WBC appears to be no more effective than CWI. Neither cold intervention had an impact on inflammation or sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Haq
- Sports Studies, Moulton College, Moulton, United Kingdom
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, University of South Wales Sport Park, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Adnan Haq
| | - William J. Ribbans
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
- The County Clinic, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Erich Hohenauer
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Anthony W. Baross
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
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22
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Kujawski S, Słomko J, Godlewska BR, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Murovska M, Newton JL, Sokołowski Ł, Zalewski P. Combination of whole body cryotherapy with static stretching exercises reduces fatigue and improves functioning of the autonomic nervous system in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J Transl Med 2022; 20:273. [PMID: 35715857 PMCID: PMC9204866 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the tolerability and effect of static stretching (SS) and whole body cryotherapy (WBC) upon fatigue, daytime sleepiness, cognitive functioning and objective and subjective autonomic nervous system functioning in those with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) compared to a control population. METHODS Thirty-two CFS and eighteen healthy controls (HC) participated in 2 weeks of a SS + WBC programme. This programme was composed of five sessions per week, 10 sessions in total. RESULTS A significant decrease in fatigue was noted in the CFS group in response to SS + WBC. Some domains of cognitive functioning (speed of processing visual information and set-shifting) also improved in response to SS + WBC in both CFS and HC groups. Our study has confirmed that WBC is well tolerated by those with CFS and leads to symptomatic improvements associated with changes in cardiovascular and autonomic function. CONCLUSIONS Given the preliminary data showing the beneficial effect of cryotherapy, its relative ease of application, good tolerability, and proven safety, therapy with cold exposure appears to be an approach worth attention. Further studies of cryotherapy as a potential treatment in CFS is important in the light of the lack of effective therapeutic options for these common and often disabling symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Kujawski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Słomko
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Warsaw Medical University, 1b Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Modra Murovska
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradinš University, Riga, 1067, Latvia
| | - Julia L Newton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Łukasz Sokołowski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Zalewski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Warsaw Medical University, 1b Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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Coppi F, Pinti M, Selleri V, Zanini G, D'Alisera R, Latessa PM, Tripi F, Savino G, Cossarizza A, Nasi M, Mattioli AV. Cardiovascular Effects of Whole-Body Cryotherapy in Non-professional Athletes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:905790. [PMID: 35757346 PMCID: PMC9227663 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.905790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The study aimed to investigate changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature in non-professional trained runners during whole body cryotherapy (WBC). Methods Ten middle-distance runners received 3 once-a-day sessions of WBC. Subjects underwent BP measurements and ECG recorded before and immediately after the daily WBC session. During WBC we recorded a single lead trace (D1) for heart rhythm control. In addition, the 5 vital signs Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature were monitored before, during, and after all WBC session. Results We did not report significant changes in ECG main intervals (PR, QT, and QTc). Mean heart rate changed from 50.98 ± 4.43 bpm (before) to 56.83 ± 4.26 bpm after WBC session (p < 0.05). The mean systolic blood pressure did not change significantly during and after WBC [b baseline: 118 ± 5 mmHg, changed to 120 ± 3 mmHg during WBC, and to 121 ± 2 mmHg after session (p < 0.05 vs. baseline)]. Mean respiratory rate did not change during WBC as well as oxygen saturations (98 vs. 99%). Body temperature was slightly increased after WBC, however it remains within physiological values Conclusion In non-professional athletes WBC did not affect cardiovascular response and can be safely used. However, further studies are required to confirm these promising results of safety in elderly non-athlete subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coppi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Selleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research—INRC, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giada Zanini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Alisera
- Department of Public Healthcare, Sport Medicine Service Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Tripi
- “La Fratellanza 1874” Not-for-profit sport Association, Modena, Italy
| | - Gustavo Savino
- Department of Public Healthcare, Sport Medicine Service Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research—INRC, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Anna Vittoria Mattioli
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24
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The Acute Influence of Whole-Body Cryotherapy on Electromyographic Signals and Jumping Tasks. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is a popular treatment in prevention as well as post-injury therapy. The parameter used to assess the risk of injury is the ability of the human body to absorb and recover energy (elasticity). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) at 1 and 3 min intervals on the bioelectric activity of lower-limb muscles and countermovement jumps (CMJs) using trained subjects. A total of 24 individuals participated in the study. The mean age of the study group was 27.9 ± 7.9 years, mean body weight was 77.9 ± 8.8 kg, and mean body height was equal to 181 ± 6 cm. The training routine included 2–4 training sessions per week that lasted for at least 2 h at a time (mainly football). Along with the surface electromyography (sEMG) test of the rectus femoris, the BTS G-Sensor inertia measurement device was applied. After three minutes of WBC, a 6% difference in take-off force was noted, with a 7% (p < 0.04) decrease in elasticity. In the bioelectrical activity of the rectus femoris after MVC normalization, differences (p < 0.05) were noted 3 min after WBC. In this conducted study, a reduction in flexibility of the lower-limb muscle groups in the CMJ task was noted after 3 min of WBC.
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Abstract
Currently, all available therapies for the control and management of fibromyalgia (FM) are mostly focused on relieving patients’ symptoms and improving their quality of life. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) in patients with FM and evidence-based guidance on the possible adjuvant use of WBC in the treatment of FM. We searched the most recent literature by retrieving 10 eligible studies, 4 of which were abstracts only, from a total of 263 records. Thermal stress caused by cryostimulation induces an analgesic effect, improving pain, redox balance, and inflammatory symptoms in an exercise-mimicking fashion. In addition, it reduces the feeling of fatigue, improves mood, and reduces mental health deterioration with positive consequences on depressive states and improved sleep quality. Although the studies included in this review are not of sufficient quality and quantity to draw definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of WBC in FM, initial evidence indicates WBC as a promising add-on option in the multidisciplinary treatment of FM, due to its rapid action and high patients’ compliance. The application of WBC protocols has the potential to expand therapeutic options for the treatment of FM and related disorders; however, larger, high-quality primary studies are still needed.
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26
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Whole-body cryostimulation in obesity. A scoping review. J Therm Biol 2022; 106:103250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Magdalena KS, Marta S, Zbigniew D, Zbigniew S. Whole-body cryostimulation does not disturb the homeostasis of the system in physically active men - Pilot study. Cryobiology 2022; 106:73-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Haq A, Ribbans WJ, Hohenauer E, Baross AW. The Effect of Repetitive Whole Body Cryotherapy Treatment on Adaptations to a Strength and Endurance Training Programme in Physically Active Males. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:834386. [PMID: 35399598 PMCID: PMC8990227 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.834386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its potential merit in sport and exercise recovery, the implications of repetitive Whole Body Cryotherapy (WBC) during training programmes require further review due to the possibility of repetitive cold interfering with long term adaptations. This study investigated the impact of two weekly 3 min WBC sessions (30 s at −60°C, 150 s at −120°C) on adaptations to a 6 week strength and endurance training programme. Sixteen male participants (mean ± SD age 33.4 ± 9.8 years, body mass 82.3 ± 9.8 kg) randomly allocated into WBC (n = 7) and non-cryotherapy control (CON, n=9) groups completed the programme consisting of two weekly strength and plyometric training sessions and two weekly 30 min runs (70% VO2 max). Participants were assessed for body fat, VO2 max, muscle torque, three repetition maximum barbell squat and countermovement jump height before and after the programme. Resistance and running intensities were progressed after 3 weeks. Participants in both groups significantly improved muscle torque (WBC: 277.1 ± 63.2 Nm vs. 318.1 ± 83.4 Nm, p < 0.01, d = 0.56; CON: 244.6 ± 50.6 Nm vs. 268.0 ± 71.8 Nm, p = 0.05, d = 0.38) and barbell squat (WBC: 86.4 ± 19.5 kg vs. 98.9 ± 15.2 kg, p = 0.03, d = 0.69; CON: 91.1 ± 28.7 kg vs. 106.1 ± 30.0 kg, p < 0.01, d=0.51) following the 6 week programme. For the CON group, there was also a significant reduction in body fat percentage (p = 0.01) and significant increase in jump height (p = 0.01). There was no significant increase in VO2 max for either group (both p > 0.2). There was no difference between WBC and CON for responses in muscle torque, 3RM barbell squat and body fat, however WBC participants did not increase their jump height (p = 0.23). Repetitive WBC does not appear to blunt adaptations to a concurrent training programme, although there may be an interference effect in the development of explosive power. Sports practitioners can cautiously apply repetitive WBC to support recovery post-exercise without undue concern on athletes' fitness gains or long term performance, particularly throughout training phases focused more on general strength development than explosive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Haq
- Sports Studies, Moulton College, Moulton, United Kingdom
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton Waterside, Northampton, United Kingdom
- School of Health, Sport and Professional Practice, University of South Wales Sport Park, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Adnan Haq
| | - William J. Ribbans
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton Waterside, Northampton, United Kingdom
- The County Clinic, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Erich Hohenauer
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Anthony W. Baross
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton Waterside, Northampton, United Kingdom
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Tamai S, Fujita SI, Komine R, Kanki Y, Aoki K, Watanabe K, Takekoshi K, Sugasawa T. Acute cold stress induces transient MuRF1 upregulation in the skeletal muscle of zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 608:59-65. [PMID: 35390673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cryotherapy is one of the most common treatments for trauma or fatigue in the field of sports medicine. However, the molecular biological effects of acute cold exposure on skeletal muscle remain unclear. Therefore, we used zebrafish, which have recently been utilized as an animal model for skeletal muscle, to comprehensively investigate and selectively clarify the time-course changes induced by cryotherapy. Zebrafish were exposed intermittently to cold stimulation three times for 15 min each. Thereafter, skeletal muscle samples were collected after 15 min and 1, 2, 4, and 6 h. mRNA sequencing revealed the involvement of trim63a, fbxo32, fbxo30a, and klhl38b in "protein ubiquitination" from the top 10 most upregulated genes. Subsequently, we examined the time-course changes of the four genes by quantitative PCR, and their expression peaked 2 h after cryotherapy and returned to baseline after 6 h. Moreover, the proteins encoded by trim63a and fbxo32 (muscle-specific RING finger protein 1 [MuRF1] and muscle atrophy F-box, respectively), which are known to be major genes encoding E3 ubiquitin ligases, were examined by western blotting, and MuRF1 expression displayed similar temporal changes as trim63a expression. These findings suggest that acute cold exposure transiently upregulates E3 ubiquitin ligases, especially MuRF1; thus, cryotherapy may contribute to the treatment of trauma or fatigue by promoting protein processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Tamai
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Fujita
- Laboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Komine
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Laboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kai Aoki
- Laboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takekoshi
- Laboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takehito Sugasawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Sports Medicine Analysis, Open Facility Network Office, Research Facility Center for Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
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30
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Wang Z, Fan Y, Kong X, Viroux P, Tiemessen IJH, Wu H. The Physiological Profile Following Two Popular Cold Interventions After Activity in Hot and Humid Environment. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221079150. [PMID: 35209744 PMCID: PMC8883315 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221079150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to describe and compare the effects of partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) and cold-water immersion (CWI) on the physiological responses of soccer players after cycling in a hot and humid environment. Sixteen elite soccer players participated in three experiments, and received CWI (13°C for 15 min), PBC (110°C−140°C for 3 min), and CON (room temperature: 21°C ± 2°C), respectively, after aerobic and anaerobic cycling in a hot and humid environment (temperature: 35°C–38°C; humidity: 60%–70%). Heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa-), perfusion index (PI), oxygen saturation (SaO2), core temperature (Tc), skin temperature (Ts), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed at baseline and through 20 min (5-min intervals). HR was lower in CWI than CON after 20 min (p < .05). SaO2 was higher in CWI than PBC and CON between 10 and 20 min (p < .05). Tc was lower from CWI and PBC than CON between 10 and 20 min (p < .05). Ts was lower in PBC than CWI between 15 and 20 min (p < .05). RPE was lower in PBC than CON 20 min after the exercise (p < .05). No main group differences for BLa- and PI were observed. The physiological effects of PBC are generally similar to CWI. Compared with CON, both CWI and PBC could promote the recovery of physiological indexes within 20 min of exercise in a hot and humid environment. However, PBC can lead to a decrease in SaO2 due to excessive nitrogen inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Wang
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhao Fan
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Kong
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Hao Wu
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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Cold for centuries: a brief history of cryotherapies to improve health, injury and post-exercise recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1153-1162. [PMID: 35195747 PMCID: PMC9012715 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, cold temperatures have been used by humans for therapeutic, health and sporting recovery purposes. This application of cold for therapeutic purposes is regularly referred to as cryotherapy. Cryotherapies including ice, cold-water and cold air have been popularised by an ability to remove heat, reduce core and tissue temperatures, and alter blood flow in humans. The resulting downstream effects upon human physiologies providing benefits that include a reduced perception of pain, or analgesia, and an improved sensation of well-being. Ultimately, such benefits have been translated into therapies that may assist in improving post-exercise recovery, with further investigations assessing the role that cryotherapies can play in attenuating the ensuing post-exercise inflammatory response. Whilst considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanistic changes associated with adopting cryotherapies, research focus tends to look towards the future rather than to the past. It has been suggested that this might be due to the notion of progress being defined as change over time from lower to higher states of knowledge. However, a historical perspective, studying a subject in light of its earliest phase and subsequent evolution, could help sharpen one's vision of the present; helping to generate new research questions as well as look at old questions in new ways. Therefore, the aim of this brief historical perspective is to highlight the origins of the many arms of this popular recovery and treatment technique, whilst further assessing the changing face of cryotherapy. We conclude by discussing what lies ahead in the future for cold-application techniques.
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Wafa D, Bisschop Claire D, Benoit D. Regular short exposures to cold environment as an adjunct therapy for patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Davis JK, Oikawa SY, Halson S, Stephens J, O'Riordan S, Luhrs K, Sopena B, Baker LB. In-Season Nutrition Strategies and Recovery Modalities to Enhance Recovery for Basketball Players: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:971-993. [PMID: 34905181 PMCID: PMC9023401 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Basketball players face multiple challenges to in-season recovery. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on recovery modalities and nutritional strategies for basketball players and practical applications that can be incorporated throughout the season at various levels of competition. Sleep, protein, carbohydrate, and fluids should be the foundational components emphasized throughout the season for home and away games to promote recovery. Travel, whether by air or bus, poses nutritional and sleep challenges, therefore teams should be strategic about packing snacks and fluid options while on the road. Practitioners should also plan for meals at hotels and during air travel for their players. Basketball players should aim for a minimum of 8 h of sleep per night and be encouraged to get extra sleep during congested schedules since back-to back games, high workloads, and travel may negatively influence night-time sleep. Regular sleep monitoring, education, and feedback may aid in optimizing sleep in basketball players. In addition, incorporating consistent training times may be beneficial to reduce bed and wake time variability. Hydrotherapy, compression garments, and massage may also provide an effective recovery modality to incorporate post-competition. Future research, however, is warranted to understand the influence these modalities have on enhancing recovery in basketball players. Overall, a strategic well-rounded approach, encompassing both nutrition and recovery modality strategies, should be carefully considered and implemented with teams to support basketball players' recovery for training and competition throughout the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon K Davis
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo, Inc., 3800 Gaylord Parkway, Suite 210, Frisco, TX, 75034, USA.
| | - Sara Y Oikawa
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo, Inc., Bradenton, FL, 34210, USA
| | - Shona Halson
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Shane O'Riordan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kevin Luhrs
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo, Inc., Bradenton, FL, 34210, USA
| | - Bridget Sopena
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo, Inc., Barrington, IL, 60010, USA
| | - Lindsay B Baker
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo, Inc., Barrington, IL, 60010, USA
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Bouzigon R, Dupuy O, Tiemessen I, De Nardi M, Bernard JP, Mihailovic T, Theurot D, Miller ED, Lombardi G, Dugué BM. Cryostimulation for Post-exercise Recovery in Athletes: A Consensus and Position Paper. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:688828. [PMID: 34901847 PMCID: PMC8652002 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.688828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery after exercise is a crucial key in preventing muscle injuries and in speeding up the processes to return to homeostasis level. There are several ways of developing a recovery strategy with the use of different kinds of traditional and up-to-date techniques. The use of cold has traditionally been used after physical exercise for recovery purposes. In recent years, the use of whole-body cryotherapy/cryostimulation (WBC; an extreme cold stimulation lasting 1-4 min and given in a cold room at a temperature comprised from -60 to -195°C) has been tremendously increased for such purposes. However, there are controversies about the benefits that the use of this technique may provide. Therefore, the main objectives of this paper are to describe what is whole body cryotherapy/cryostimulation, review and debate the benefits that its use may provide, present practical considerations and applications, and emphasize the need of customization depending on the context, the purpose, and the subject's characteristics. This review is written by international experts from the working group on WBC from the International Institute of Refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bouzigon
- Université de Franche-Comté, UFR STAPS Besançon, Laboratoire C3S (EA4660), Axe Sport Performance, Besançon, France
- Society Inside the Athletes 3.0, Sport Performance Optimization Complex (COPS25), Besançon, France
- Society Aurore Concept, Noisiel, France
| | - Olivier Dupuy
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire MOVE (EA 6314), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Poitiers, France
- Ecole de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Actvivité Physique (EKSAP), Faculté de Medecine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ivo Tiemessen
- ProCcare BVBA, Antwerp, Belgium
- Mobilito Sport, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Massimo De Nardi
- Krioplanet Ltd, Treviglio, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Bernard
- Air Liquide Group International Expert in Cryogenic Applications Cryolor, Ennery, France
| | - Thibaud Mihailovic
- Université de Franche-Comté, UFR STAPS Besançon, Laboratoire C3S (EA4660), Axe Sport Performance, Besançon, France
- Society Inside the Athletes 3.0, Sport Performance Optimization Complex (COPS25), Besançon, France
| | - Dimitri Theurot
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire MOVE (EA 6314), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Benoit Michel Dugué
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire MOVE (EA 6314), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Poitiers, France
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Hoffman JL. "Everything Old Is New Again": A Review of Current Complementary and Alternative Medicine Trends. Holist Nurs Pract 2021; 35:300-305. [PMID: 34647911 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine therapies can be used as adjuvant or preventive therapy, and have newer applications: cryotherapy, halotherapy, floatation therapy, and compression therapy. Nurse practitioners need to know about these therapies and their applicability to patient populations. Appropriate integration of these therapies is part of holistic care, which they strive to provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni L Hoffman
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Human Services, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti
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Ferlito JV, Ferlito MV, Leal-Junior ECP, Tomazoni SS, De Marchi T. Comparison between cryotherapy and photobiomodulation in muscle recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1375-1388. [PMID: 34669081 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and cryotherapy (CRT) on muscle recovery outcomes. These searches were performed in PubMed, PEDro, CENTRAL, and VHL (which includes the Lilacs, Medline, and SciELO database) from inception to June 2021. We included randomized clinical trials involved healthy human volunteers (> 18 years) underwent an intervention of PBMT and CRT, when used in both isolated form post-exercise. Standardized mean differences (SMD) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval were calculated and pooled in a meta-analysis for synthesis. The risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed through Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and GRADE system. Four articles (66 participants) with a high to low risk of bias were included. The certainty of evidence was classified as moderate to very low. PBMT was estimated to improve the muscle strength (SMD = 1.73, CI 95% 1.33 to 2.13, I2 = 27%, p < 0.00001), reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (MD: - 25.69%, CI 95% - 34.42 to - 16.97, I2 = 89%, p < 0.00001), and lower the concentration of biomarkers of muscle damage (SMD = - 1.48, CI 95% - 1.93 to - 1.03, I2 = 76%, p < 0,00,001) when compared with CRT. There was no difference in oxidative stress and inflammatory levels. Based on our findings, the use of PBMT in muscle recovery after high-intensity exercise appears to be beneficial, provides a clinically important effect, and seems to be the best option when compared to CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor Ferlito
- Physiotherapy's Clinic, University Center CNEC of Bento Gonçalves (UNICNEC), R. Arlindo Franklin Barbosa, 460, Bento Gonçalves, RS, 95700-000, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Laboratory, University of Caxias Do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Ferlito
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Laboratory, University of Caxias Do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
- Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shaiane Silva Tomazoni
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thiago De Marchi
- Physiotherapy's Clinic, University Center CNEC of Bento Gonçalves (UNICNEC), R. Arlindo Franklin Barbosa, 460, Bento Gonçalves, RS, 95700-000, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Phototherapy and Innovative Technologies in Health (LaPIT), Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Doets JJR, Topper M, Nugter AM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of whole body cryotherapy on mental health problems. Complement Ther Med 2021; 63:102783. [PMID: 34655758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To give an overview of the nature and methodological quality of studies on whole body cryotherapy (WBC) as add-on intervention for mental health problems. METHODS A meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted (Prospero registration: CRD42020167443). Databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library were searched. Risk of bias was scored according to the Cochrane ROBINS-I-tool to which an extra bias-dimension of allegiance bias was added. Within and between Hedges' g pooled effect sizes were calculated for the main aspect of mental health measured. Treatment efficacy was examined using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was examined through identification of visual outliers and by I2 statistics. RESULTS Out of 196 articles coming up from the search, ten studies met all inclusion criteria, six of which were (randomized) controlled trials. Together these studies report on a total of 294 participants receiving WBC. The within-group pooled effect size for mental health problems is large (Hedges' g = 1.63, CI: 1.05-2.21), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 93%). Subgroup analyses on depressive symptoms and quality of life (QOL) showed a diminution of heterogeneity to moderate. Effect sizes for depressive symptoms are very large (Hedges' g = 2.95, CI: 2.44-3.45) and for QOL medium (Hedges' g = 0.70, CI: 0.15-1.24). The between-group pooled effect size is medium (Hedges' g = 0.76, CI: 0.17-1.36). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate preliminary evidence for WBC as efficacious add-on intervention for mental health problems, especially depressive symptoms. Further research in the form of RCTs with larger numbers of participants is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J R Doets
- Department of Anxiety Disorders, Mental Health Service Organization 'GGZ Noord-Holland-Noord', Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
| | - Maurice Topper
- Department of Research, Mental Health Service Organization 'GGZ Noord-Holland-Noord', Heerhugowaard, The Netherlands
| | - Annet M Nugter
- Department of Research, Mental Health Service Organization 'GGZ Noord-Holland-Noord', Heerhugowaard, The Netherlands
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Straburzyńska-Lupa A, Cisoń T, Gomarasca M, Babińska A, Banfi G, Lombardi G, Śliwicka E. Sclerostin and bone remodeling biomarkers responses to whole-body cryotherapy (- 110 °C) in healthy young men with different physical fitness levels. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16156. [PMID: 34373519 PMCID: PMC8352874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of single and repeated exposures to whole-body cryotherapy on biomarkers of bone remodeling and osteo-immune crosstalk: sclerostin, osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx-I), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and free soluble receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B ligand (sRANKL). The study included 22 healthy males, grouped in high physical fitness level (HPhL) and low physical fitness level (LPhL), all undergone 10 consecutive sessions in a cryogenic chamber (- 110 °C). We observed a significant time-effect on sclerostin (p < 0.05), OC (p < 0.01), CTx-I (p < 0.001), OC/CTx-I (p < 0.05), and significant differences in sRANKL between the groups (p < 0.05) after the 1st cryostimulation; a significant time-effect on OC (p < 0.001) and OC/CTx-I (p < 0.001) after the 10th cryostimulation, and a significant time-effect on CTx-I (p < 0.001) and OC/CTx-I (p < 0.01) after 10 sessions of WBC. In conclusion, in young men, the first exposure to extreme cold induced significant changes in serum sclerostin. The changes in sRANKL, between groups, suggest that fitness level may modify the body's response to cold. The effects of the first stimulus and the whole session are not identical, probably due to the physiological development of habituation to cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Straburzyńska-Lupa
- Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Recovery, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cisoń
- Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Applied Science in Nowy Sącz, Nowy Sącz, Poland
| | - Marta Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Babińska
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Śliwicka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi Str. 27/39, 61-871, Poznań, Poland.
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Senczyszyn A, Wallner R, Szczesniak DM, Łuc M, Rymaszewska J. The Effectiveness of Computerized Cognitive Training Combined With Whole Body Cryotherapy in Improving Cognitive Functions in Older Adults. A Case Control Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:649066. [PMID: 34248698 PMCID: PMC8267365 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.649066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) are common in elderly population, and constitute a high-risk group for progression to dementia. Innovative, complex, and engaging non-pharmacological methods of cognitive stimulation, implementable at this stage, are needed. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Computerized Cognitive Training (CCT) combined with Whole Body Stimulation (WBC) on cognitive functions of older adults with SCD and MCI. Methods: A 9-week single-blind pre/post case control trial was conducted. The study enrolled 84 adults aged 60 or older, allocated to one of two intervention groups: EG; CCT with psychoeducation, EG2; CCT with psychoeducation and 10 WBC sessions, or the control group (CG), which comprised patients receiving usual care. The primary outcome measures were cognitive functions evaluated with MoCA scale and several other neuropsychological tools. Depressive symptoms assessed with the GDS scale constituted the secondary outcome measures. Results: The results show evidence for increased performance in the assessment of general cognitive functioning in both EGs (p ≤ 0.05). Significant improvement was also visible in several cognitive domains, such as verbal fluency (EG1 & EG2), learning ability and immediate memory (EG1 & EG2), delayed memory (EG2), attentional control (EG1), and information processing (EG2) (p ≤ 0.05). However, only in the group with combined interventions (CCT + WBC) the participants presented significantly less depressive symptoms (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that CCT, especially in combination with WBC, might be a practical and effective method of improving cognitive performance. Moreover, this combination leads to a reduction of depressive symptoms.
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Impact of acute partial-body cryostimulation on cognitive performance, cerebral oxygenation, and cardiac autonomic activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7793. [PMID: 33833278 PMCID: PMC8032750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effects of a 3-min partial-body cryostimulation (PBC) exposure—where the whole body is exposed to extreme cold, except the head—on cognitive inhibition performance and the possible implications of parasympathetic cardiac control and cerebral oxygenation. In a randomized controlled counterbalanced cross-over design, eighteen healthy young adults (nine males and nine females) completed a cognitive Stroop task before and after one single session of PBC (3-min exposure at − 150 °C cold air) and a control condition (3 min at room temperature, 20 °C). During the cognitive task, heart rate variability (HRV) and cerebral oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex were measured using heart rate monitoring and near-infrared spectroscopy methods. We also recorded the cerebral oxygenation during the PBC session. Stroop performance after PBC exposure was enhanced (562.0 ± 40.2 ms) compared to pre-PBC (602.0 ± 56.4 ms; P < 0.042) in males only, accompanied by an increase (P < 0.05) in HRV indices of parasympathetic tone, in greater proportion in males compared to females. During PBC, cerebral oxygenation decreased in a similar proportion in males and females but the cerebral extraction (deoxyhemoglobin: ΔHHb) remained higher after exposure in males, only. These data demonstrate that a single PBC session enhances the cognitive inhibition performance on a Stroop task in males, partly mediated by a greater parasympathetic cardiac control and greater cerebral oxygenation. The effects of PBC on cognitive function seem different in females, possibly explained by a different sensitivity to cold stimulation.
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Piotrowska A, Aszklar K, Dzidek A, Ptaszek B, Czerwińska-Ledwig O, Pilch W. The impact of a single whole body cryostimulation treatment on selected skin properties of healthy young subjects. Cryobiology 2021; 100:96-100. [PMID: 33753092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic cryotherapy is a popular treatment involving a short stay in a cryogenic chamber at a temperature below -100 °C. This leads to a number of physiological reactions, some of them also observed in the skin. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of a single cryogenic treatment on selected skin characteristics (skin pH, level of hydration and TEWL - Transepidermal Water Loss) in young, healthy people. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin characteristics in 77 young people (23.63 ± 1.36 years) were assessed. In the study, 43 women and 33 men who took part in a one-time treatment (-120 °C) lasting 3 min. Measurements were made on the forearm skin and (in men) on the face twice: before and immediately after the procedure. RESULTS Initial differences in hydration of the stratum corneum and TEWL were observed between the group of women and men. After one treatment, the examined characteristics of the forearm skin did not change, and an unfavorable increase in TEWL in men was indicated in the facial area. CONCLUSIONS A single stay in the cryogenic chamber, while maintaining the correct methodology of the treatment, is safe for the skin. The changes taking place depend on the body surface area tested, which indicates that the skin on the limbs and on the face reacts differently to the cryogenic stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piotrowska
- Institute for Basics Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland.
| | - K Aszklar
- Science Club By Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Dzidek
- Science Club By Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Ptaszek
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - O Czerwińska-Ledwig
- Institute for Basics Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
| | - W Pilch
- Institute for Basics Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
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The Effects of Age and Body Fat Content on Post-Downhill Run Recovery Following Whole Body Cryotherapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062906. [PMID: 33809147 PMCID: PMC8001899 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of age and body fat content on responses to whole body cryotherapy (WBC) following a downhill running bout. Forty-one male participants (mean ± SD age 42.0 ± 13.7 years, body mass 75.2 ± 10.8 kg) were allocated into WBC (n = 26) and control (CON, n = 15) groups. WBC participants were divided into old (OLD, ≥45 years, n = 10) and young (YNG, <40 years, n = 13), as well as high fat (HFAT, ≥20%, n = 10) and low fat (LFAT ≤ 15%, n = 8) groups. Participants completed a 30 min downhill run (15% gradient) at 60% VO2 max. The WBC group underwent cryotherapy (3 min, −120 °C) 1 h post-run and CON participants passively recovered in a controlled environment (20 °C). Maximal isometric leg muscle torque was assessed pre and 24 h post-run. Blood creatine kinase (CK) and muscle soreness were assessed pre, post, one hour and 24 h post-run. Muscle torque significantly decreased in both groups post-downhill run (WBC: 220.6 ± 61.4 Nm vs. 208.3 ± 67.6 Nm, p = 0.02; CON: 239.7 ± 51.1 Nm vs. 212.1 ± 46.3 Nm, p = 0.00). The mean decrease in WBC was significantly less than in CON (p = 0.04). Soreness and CK increased 24 h post for WBC and CON (p < 0.01) with no difference between groups. Muscle torque significantly decreased in OLD participants (p = 0.04) but not in YNG (p = 0.55). There were no differences between HFAT and LFAT (all p values > 0.05). WBC may attenuate muscle damage and benefit muscle strength recovery following eccentrically biased exercises, particularly for young males.
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Jaworska J, Laskowski R, Ziemann E, Zuczek K, Lombardi G, Antosiewicz J, Zurek P. The Specific Judo Training Program Combined With the Whole Body Cryostimulation Induced an Increase of Serum Concentrations of Growth Factors and Changes in Amino Acid Profile in Professional Judokas. Front Physiol 2021; 12:627657. [PMID: 33633589 PMCID: PMC7900507 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.627657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a specific training program, supported by 10 sessions of whole body cryostimulation, on growth factors concentrations, amino acids profile and motor abilities in professional judokas. Ultimately, twelve athletes took part in the study. They were randomly assigned to the cryostimulation group (CRY, n = 6) or the control group (CON, n = 6). During 2 weeks of the judo training program, the CRY group performed 10 cryo-sessions (3-min, at a temperature of -110°C) and the CON group rested passively. Anthropometric measurements, a strength test, the Special Judo Efficiency Test (SJET) were assessed 2 days before and after the judo training program. Blood samples were collected at rest, 1 h after the first and the second SJET and 1 h after the first and the last cryo-session to establish growth factors and amino acid concentrations. Lactate level was measured before, immediately after and 1 h after the first and the second SJET. The applied intervention resulted in a significant increase of resting concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (from 10.23 ± 1.61 to 15.13 ± 2.93 ng⋅ml-1; p = 0.01) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; from 174.29 ± 49.34 to 300.50 ± 43.80 pg⋅ml-1; p = 0.00) in the CRY group. A different response was registered 1 h directly post SJET in the CRY group (a significant increase of IGF-1, interleukin 15 and irisin: p = 0.01; p = 0.00; p = 0.03). Additionally, the significant drop of proline and leucine concentrations in the CRY group was obtained. Athletes' performance remained unchanged in both groups. However, subjects perceived positive changes induced by the intervention - not directly after cryostimulation but in response to the specific training workload. The increase of growth factors concentrations and the improvement of amino acid profile (proline and leucine) contributed to maintaining a high level of muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jaworska
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Laskowski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Klaudia Zuczek
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland.,IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Lab Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Jedrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Zurek
- Department of Physical Culture Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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Zakynthinos GE, Stavrou VT, Malli F, Papathanasiou IV, Zakynthinos Ε, Gourgoulianis KI, Kalabakas K, Karagiannis D, Basdekis G. The Effect of Whole-Body Cryostimulation in Healthy Adults. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1337:315-321. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Whole-Body Cryostimulation Improves Inflammatory Endothelium Parameters and Decreases Oxidative Stress in Healthy Subjects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121308. [PMID: 33371392 PMCID: PMC7767467 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) and subsequent kinesiotherapy on inflammatory endothelium and oxidative stress parameters in healthy subjects. METHODS The effects of ten WBC procedures lasting 3 min per day and followed by a 60-min session of kinesiotherapy on oxidative stress and inflammatory endothelium parameters in healthy subjects (WBC group n = 32) were analyzed. The WBC group was compared to a kinesiotherapy only (KT; n = 16) group. The following parameters were estimated one day before the start, and one day after the completion of the studies: oxidative stress parameters (the total antioxidant capacity of plasma (FRAP), paraoxonase-1 activity (PON-1), and total oxidative status (TOS)) and inflammatory endothelium parameters (myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), serum amyloid A (SAA), and sCD40L levels). RESULTS A significant decrease of PON-1 and MPO activities and TOS, SAA, and sCD40L levels as well as a significant FRAP increase were observed in the WBC group after the treatment. In addition, the SAA levels and PON-1 activity decreased significantly after the treatment in both groups, but the observed decrease of these parameters in the WBC group was higher in comparison to the KT group. CONCLUSION WBC procedures have a beneficial impact on inflammatory endothelium and oxidative stress parameters in healthy subjects, therefore they may be used as a wellness method.
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Effects of whole-body cryotherapy on the innate and adaptive immune response in cyclists and runners. Immunol Res 2020; 68:422-435. [PMID: 33159311 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to identify the effects of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on immunological, hormonal, and metabolic responses of non-professional male athletes. Ten cyclists and ten middle-distance runners received 3 once-a-day sessions of WBC. Before initiating and after the final WBC session, a full set of hematologic parameters, serum chemistry profile, hormones, circulating mitochondrial (mt) DNA levels, cytokines, and chemokines concentration were evaluated. The phenotype of monocyte, T cells, and B cells was analyzed. mRNA expression of 6 genes involved in inflammasome activation (NAIP, AIM2, NLRP3, PYCARD, IL-1β, and IL-18) was quantified. WBC reduced glucose and C and S protein and increased HDL, urea, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, follicle-stimulating hormone, IL-18, IL-1RA, CCL2, and CXCL8. Intermediate and non-classical monocyte percentages decreased, and the CD14, CCR5, CCR2, and CXCR4 expressions changed in different subsets. Only IL-1β mRNA increased in monocytes. Finally, a redistribution of B and T cell subsets was observed, suggesting the migration of mature cells to tissue. WBC seems to induce changes in both innate and adaptive branches of the immune system, hormones, and metabolic status in non-professional male athletes, suggesting a beneficial involvement of WBC in tissue repair.
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Polidori G, Elfahem R, Abbes B, Bogard F, Legrand F, Bouchet B, Beaumont F. Preliminary study on the effect of sex on skin cooling response during whole body cryostimulation (-110 °C): Modeling and prediction of exposure durations. Cryobiology 2020; 97:12-19. [PMID: 33130106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the required duration of whole-body exposure to extreme cold (-110 °C) in males and females for achieving the same cold-induced response, a mathematical model of skin cooling kinetics was developed. This modeling is derived from the implementation of a new experimental cryotherapy protocol to obtain continuous skin temperature maps over time. Each 3-min whole-body cryostimulation session was divided into six incremental sessions of 30 s carried out over six consecutive days. Seventeen young, healthy subjects (8 males aged 22.6 ±3.0 years and 9 females aged 23.7 ±4.7 years) agreed to participate in this study. The smallest sex-related difference in temperature was found in the trunk area (2.93 °C after 3 min) while the greatest temperature drop was found in the lower limbs (5.92 °C after 3 min). The largest temperature variation was observed between the trunk and the lower limbs, and peaked at 2.67 °C in males and 6.99 °C in females. For both sexes, skin cooling kinetics showed a strong transient exponential type decrease followed by linear regression behavior. It appeared that for achieving the same cold-induced response, the required duration of cryostimulation is longer for males. For example, a trunk skin cooling of -12 °C could be achieved in 125s for females vs 170s for males (+36% longer); for the lower limbs, the same skin cooling magnitude could be reached after 87s for females vs 140s for males (+62% longer).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Polidori
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, France
| | - R Elfahem
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, France
| | - B Abbes
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, France
| | - F Bogard
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, France
| | - F Legrand
- C2S, Cognition Health and Society, EA 6291, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
| | - B Bouchet
- Cryotera, 2 Rue Jules Méline, 51430, Bezannes, France
| | - F Beaumont
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, France.
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Kwiecien SY, McHugh MP, Howatson G. Don't Lose Your Cool With Cryotherapy: The Application of Phase Change Material for Prolonged Cooling in Athletic Recovery and Beyond. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:118. [PMID: 33345107 PMCID: PMC7739598 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strenuous exercise can result in muscle damage in both recreational and elite athletes, and is accompanied by strength loss, and increases in soreness, oxidative stress, and inflammation. If the aforementioned signs and symptoms associated with exercise-induced muscle damage are excessive or unabated, the recovery process becomes prolonged and can result in performance decrements; consequently, there has been a great deal of research focussing on accelerating recovery following exercise. A popular recovery modality is cryotherapy which results in a reduction of tissue temperature by the withdrawal of heat from the body. Cryotherapy is advantageous because of its ability to reduce tissue temperature at the site of muscle damage. However, there are logistical limitations to traditional cryotherapy modalities, such as cold-water immersion or whole-body cryotherapy, because they are limited by the duration for which they can be administered in a single dose. Phase change material (PCM) at a temperature of 15°C can deliver a single dose of cooling for a prolonged duration in a practical, efficacious, and safe way; hence overcoming the limitations of traditional cryotherapy modalities. Recently, 15°C PCM has been locally administered following isolated eccentric exercise, a soccer match, and baseball pitching, for durations of 3-6 h with no adverse effects. These data showed that using 15°C PCM to prolong the duration of cooling successfully reduced strength loss and soreness following exercise. Extending the positive effects associated with cryotherapy by prolonging the duration of cooling can enhance recovery following exercise and give athletes a competitive advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Y. Kwiecien
- Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Malachy P. McHugh
- Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Tsai YJ, Jhong YC, Ching SH, Liao YC, Ching CH, Chuang JI. Cold Exposure After Exercise Impedes the Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise on Thermoregulation and UCP4 Expression in an MPTP-Induced Parkinsonian Mouse Model. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:573509. [PMID: 33041765 PMCID: PMC7522410 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.573509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate exercise and mild hypothermia have protective effects against brain injury and neurodegeneration. Running in a cold environment alters exercise-induced hyperthermia and outcomes; however, evaluations of post-exercise cold exposure related to exercise benefits for the brain are relatively rare. We investigated the effects of 4°C cold exposure after exercise on exercise-induced thermal responses and neuroprotection in an MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced Parkinsonian mouse model. Male C57BL/6J mice were pretreated with MPTP for five consecutive days and follow-up treadmill exercise for 4 weeks. After 1-h running at a 22°C temperature, the mice were exposed to a 4°C environment for 2 h. An MPTP injection induced a transient drop in body and brain temperatures, while mild brain hypothermia was found to last for 4 weeks after MPTP treatment. Preventing brain hypothermia by exercise or 4°C exposure was associated with an improvement in MPTP-induced striatal uncoupling protein 4 (UCP4) downregulation and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. However, 4°C exposure after exercise abrogated the exercise-induced beneficial effects and thermal responses in MPTP-treated mice, including a low amplitude of exercise-induced brain hyperthermia and body temperature while at rest after exercise. Our findings elucidate that post-exercise thermoregulation and UCP4 expression are important in the neuroprotective effects of exercise against MPTP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Cih Jhong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hong Ching
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Liao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Ching
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Ing Chuang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,The Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Bouzigon R, Mihailovic T, Lafrance G, Fostel C. Whole‐body cryotherapy accelerates isometric muscle recovery in motocross riders following simulated motocross heats. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bouzigon
- Unité de Promotion de Formation et de Recherche (UPFR) des Sports Université de Franche Comté Besançon France
- Laboratoire C3S (EA 4660) Besançon France
- Société Inside the Athletes 3.0 Besançon France
- Société Aurore Concept Noisiel France
| | - Thibaud Mihailovic
- Unité de Promotion de Formation et de Recherche (UPFR) des Sports Université de Franche Comté Besançon France
- Laboratoire C3S (EA 4660) Besançon France
- Société Inside the Athletes 3.0 Besançon France
| | - Guillaume Lafrance
- Unité de Promotion de Formation et de Recherche (UPFR) des Sports Université de Franche Comté Besançon France
| | - Charles Fostel
- Unité de Promotion de Formation et de Recherche (UPFR) des Sports Université de Franche Comté Besançon France
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