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Nord A, Chamkha I, Elmér E. A whole blood approach improves speed and accuracy when measuring mitochondrial respiration in intact avian blood cells. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22766. [PMID: 36734850 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201749r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding mitochondrial biology and pathology is key to understanding the evolution of animal form and function. However, mitochondrial measurement often involves invasive, or even terminal, sampling, which can be difficult to reconcile in wild models or longitudinal studies. Non-mammal vertebrates contain mitochondria in their red blood cells, which can be exploited for minimally invasive mitochondrial measurement. Several recent bird studies have measured mitochondrial function using isolated blood cells. Isolation adds time in the laboratory and might be associated with physiological complications. We developed and validated a protocol to measure mitochondrial respiration in bird whole blood. Endogenous respiration was comparable between isolated blood cells and whole blood. However, respiration towards oxidative phosphorylation was higher in whole blood, and whole blood mitochondria were better coupled and had higher maximum working capacity. Whole blood measurement was also more reproducible than measurement on isolated cells for all traits considered. Measurements were feasible over a 10-fold range of sample volumes, although both small and large volumes were associated with changes to respiratory traits. The protocol was compatible with long-term storage: after 24 h at 5°C without agitation, all respiration traits but maximum working capacity remained unchanged, the latter decreasing by 14%. Our study suggests that whole blood measurement provides faster, more reproducible, and more biologically and physiologically relevant (mitochondrial integrity) assessment of mitochondrial respiration. We recommend future studies to take a whole blood approach unless specific circumstances require the use of isolated blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nord
- Department of Biology, Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Imen Chamkha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mitochondrial Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Mitochondrial Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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2
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Li C, Zhao P, Shao Q, Chen W, Huang S, Wang X, Zhang C, He L. Effects of dietary Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on growth performance, blood parameters and immunity in weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:136-146. [PMID: 35247286 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GCP) on growth performance, blood parameters and immunity in weaned piglets. A total of 240 (10.33 ± 0.62 kg body weight) 35-day-old (Duroc × Landrace × White) weaned piglets were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, with six replicate pens per treatment and 10 piglets per pen (five males and five females). The dietary treatments continued for 21 days and comprised a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg GCP. The results showed that the inclusion of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg GCP increased the average daily gain and decreased the feed conversion rate compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The piglets treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg GCP had a lower diarrhoeal incidence than the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation with 1000 mg/kg GCP increased the counts of white blood cells, neutrophils, red blood cells, and platelets, and elevated alkaline phosphatase, total protein, globulin, glucose, triglyceride, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and total antioxidant capacity levels (p < 0.05), and decreased malondialdehyde content compare with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, relative to the control group, piglets fed 500 and 1000 mg/kg GCP had significantly lower expression of interleukin-6 mRNA in spleen (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that dietary supplementation with GCP can improve growth performance, blood parameters and immunity in weaned piglets. Our study suggests that adding 1000 mg/kg GCP to the diet had the most beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Pengli Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qi Shao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lei He
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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3
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Sowa PW, Kiełbik AS, Pakhomov AG, Gudvangen E, Mangalanathan U, Adams V, Pakhomova ON. How to alleviate cardiac injury from electric shocks at the cellular level. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1004024. [PMID: 36620647 PMCID: PMC9812960 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1004024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric shocks, the only effective therapy for ventricular fibrillation, also electroporate cardiac cells and contribute to the high-mortality post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Copolymers such as Poloxamer 188 (P188) are known to preserve the membrane integrity and viability of electroporated cells, but their utility against cardiac injury from cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remains to be established. We studied the time course of cell killing, mechanisms of cell death, and protection with P188 in AC16 human cardiomyocytes exposed to micro- or nanosecond pulsed electric field (μsPEF and nsPEF) shocks. A 3D printer was customized with an electrode holder to precisely position electrodes orthogonal to a cell monolayer in a nanofiber multiwell plate. Trains of nsPEF shocks (200, 300-ns pulses at 1.74 kV) or μsPEF shocks (20, 100-μs pulses at 300 V) produced a non-uniform electric field enabling efficient measurements of the lethal effect in a wide range of the electric field strength. Cell viability and caspase 3/7 expression were measured by fluorescent microscopy 2-24 h after the treatment. nsPEF shocks caused little or no caspase 3/7 activation; most of the lethally injured cells were permeable to propidium dye already at 2 h after the exposure. In contrast, μsPEF shocks caused strong activation of caspase 3/7 at 2 h and the number of dead cells grew up to 24 h, indicating the prevalence of the apoptotic death pathway. P188 at 0.2-1% reduced cell death, suggesting its potential utility in vivo to alleviate electric injury from defibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela W. Sowa
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States,Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,*Correspondence: Pamela W. Sowa,
| | - Aleksander S. Kiełbik
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrei G. Pakhomov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Emily Gudvangen
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Uma Mangalanathan
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Volker Adams
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga N. Pakhomova
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
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4
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Marx RE, Amailuk P, Patel N, Ledoux A, Stanbouly D. FlexMetric bone marrow aspirator yields laboratory and clinically improved results from mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells without centrifugation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:1047-1057. [PMID: 36112534 DOI: 10.1002/term.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several devices used to harvest stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow are available to clinicians. This study compared three devices measuring stem cell yields and correlating those yields to bone regeneration. A flexible forward aspirating system Marrow Marxman (MM), a straight needle aspirating on withdrawal system Marrow Cellutions (MC), and a straight needle aspirating on withdrawal and centrifuging the aspirate (BMAC) were compared in a side-to-side patient comparison, as well as tissue engineered bone grafts. The FlexMetric system (MM) produced greater CFU-f values compared to the straight needle (MC) Δ = 1083/ml, p < 0.001 and 1225/ml, p < 0.001 than the BMAC system. This increased stem/progenitor cell yield also translated into a greater radiographic bone density at 6 months Δ = 88.3 Hu, p ≤ 0.001 versus MC and Δ = 116.7, p < 0.001 versus BMAC at 6 months and Δ = 72.2, p < 0.001 and Δ = 93.3, p < 0.001 at 9 months respectively. The increased stem/progenitor cell yield of the MM system clinically translated into greater bone regeneration as measured by bone volume p < 0.014 and p < 0.001 respectively, trabecular thickness p < 0.007 and p < 0.002 respectively, and trabecular separation p = 0.011 and p < 0.001. A flexible bone marrow aspirator produces higher yields of stem/progenitor cells. Higher yields of stem/progenitor cells translate into greater bone regeneration in tissue engineering. Flexmetric technology produces better bone regeneration due to a forward aspiration concept reducing dilution from peripheral blood and its ability to target lining cells along the inner cortex. Centrifugation systems are not required in tissue engineering procedures involving stem/progenitor cells due to nonviability or functional loss from g-forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Marx
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Retired Hospital Corporation of America, Mercy Hospital, Consultant, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Paul Amailuk
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Retired Hospital Corporation of America, Mercy Hospital, Consultant, Miami, Florida, USA.,Gold Coast University Hospital Australia, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Jackson Health Systems, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Neel Patel
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Retired Hospital Corporation of America, Mercy Hospital, Consultant, Miami, Florida, USA.,Jackson Health Systems, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Andre Ledoux
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Retired Hospital Corporation of America, Mercy Hospital, Consultant, Miami, Florida, USA.,Jackson Health Systems, Miami, Florida, USA.,US Army Walter Reed Military Medical Center, Private Practice, Baptist Health Systems, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dani Stanbouly
- Columbia University, College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Zhu H, Yan S, Wu J, Zhang Z, Xu A. Effect of anticoagulants on plasma concentration of macrophage migration inhibitory factor: A pilot study. Int J Lab Hematol 2022; 44:e236-e238. [PMID: 35677957 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Second People's Hospital, Zhengzhou Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaochun Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Jingshuo Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Second People's Hospital, Zhengzhou Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Second People's Hospital, Zhengzhou Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aiguo Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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von Petersdorff-Campen K, Schmid Daners M. Hemolysis Testing In Vitro: A Review of Challenges and Potential Improvements. ASAIO J 2022; 68:3-13. [PMID: 33989208 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many medical devices such as cardiopulmonary bypass systems, mechanical heart valves, or ventricular assist devices are intended to come into contact with blood flow during use. In vitro hemolysis testing can provide valuable information about the hemocompatibility of prototypes and thus help reduce the number of animal experiments required. Such tests play an important role as research and development tools for objective comparisons of prototypes and devices as well as for the extrapolation of their results to clinical outcomes. Therefore, it is important to explore and provide new ways to improve current practices. In this article, the main challenges of hemolysis testing are described, namely the difficult blood sourcing, the high experimental workload, and the low reproducibility of test results. Several approaches to address the challenges identified are proposed and the respective literature is reviewed. These include the replacement of blood as the "shear-sensitive fluid" by alternative test fluids, the replacement of sparse, manual sampling and blood damage assessment by a continuous and automated monitoring, as well as an analysis of categories and causes of variability in hemolysis test results that may serve as a structural template for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai von Petersdorff-Campen
- From the Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Paciotti S, Stoops E, François C, Bellomo G, Eusebi P, Vanderstichele H, Chiasserini D, Parnetti L. Cerebrospinal fluid hemoglobin levels as markers of blood contamination: relevance for α-synuclein measurement. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1653-1661. [PMID: 33957709 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein (CSF α-syn) represents a possible biomarker in Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis. CSF blood contamination can introduce a bias in α-syn measurement. To date, CSF samples with a red blood cells (RBC) count >50 RBC × 106/L or haemoglobin (Hb) concentration >200 μg/L are excluded from biomarker studies. However, investigations for defining reliable cut-off values are missing. METHODS We evaluated the effect of blood contamination on CSF α-syn measurement by a systematic approach in a cohort of 42 patients with different neurological conditions who underwent lumbar puncture (LP) for diagnostic reasons. CSF samples were spiked with whole blood and serially diluted to 800, 400, 200, 100, 75, 50, 25, 5, 0 RBC × 106/L. CSF α-syn and Hb levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In neat CSF, the average concentration of α-syn was 1,936 ± 636 ng/L. This value increased gradually in spiked CSF samples, up to 4,817 ± 1,456 ng/L (+149% α-syn variation) in samples with 800 RBC × 106/L. We established different cut-offs for discriminating samples with α-syn level above 5, 10, and 20% variation, corresponding to a Hb (RBC) concentration of 1,569 μg/L (37 RBC × 106/L), 2,082 μg/L (62 RBC × 106/L), and 3,118 μg/L (87 RBC × 106/L), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data show the high impact of CSF blood contamination on CSF α-syn levels, highlighting the measurement of Hb concentration as mandatory when assessing CSF α-syn. The thresholds we calculated are useful to classify CSF samples for blood contamination, considering as reliable only those showing a Hb concentration <1,569 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Paciotti
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Bellomo
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Eusebi
- Regional Health Authority of Umbria, Epidemiology Department, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Davide Chiasserini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Jakfar S, Lin TC, Wu SC, Wang YH, Sun YJ, Thacker M, Liu LX, Lin FH. New design to remove leukocytes from platelet-rich plasma (PRP) based on cell dimension rather than density. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3528-3540. [PMID: 33842739 PMCID: PMC8008179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can stimulate the proliferation of stem cells and have a positive effect on tissue repair. Although many commercialized PRP preparation kits are already on the market, first-line clinical workers are still not satisfied with most of the PRP kits. The work of commercial PRP kits is based on the density of blood elements. However, the blood elements are very close in density which makes the separation challenging. Therefore, the mentioned commercialized kits are generally contaminated by leucocytes and erythrocyte. In this study, a home-designed PRP device was developed to use a separation membrane with adequate cut-off pore size of 5 μm, 3 μm and 2 μm for the groups of H5M, H3M, and H2M, respectively, to be placed in the middle of the centrifuge tube. The home-designed H2M showed a very promising results regardless of the final volume (1.82 ± 0.09 ml), platelet yield (8.39 ± 0.44%), Red Blood Cells (0%), White Blood Cells (0%), and Relative Concentration of Platelet Increment value (225.09%). Further, it showed a good result in cell viability and cytotoxicity and confirmed a good multilineage potentials. The concentration in PRP prepared by group H2M was relatively stable and far above average. All the fibrin fibers were linked together as bridging strands or strings and turned into an inter-connected porous structure for nutrients transportation and regenerative cell migration. We believe that the home-designed group H2M should have a great potential to develop into the final product to meet the requirements of first-line clinical workers. The home-designed PRP device is a novel and effective method to remove leukocytes based on cell dimension. All the PRP products from the home-designed PRP devices have shown good the cell viability, and the multilineage potentials The H2M design could provide the stability of PRP compared to other groups and far above average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhaini Jakfar
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.,Dentistry Faculty, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, 23111, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Tzu-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Chih Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Horng Wang
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, 306, Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jun Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Minal Thacker
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Li-Xin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen Unversity, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
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van Cromvoirt AM, Fenk S, Sadafi A, Melnikova EV, Lagutkin DA, Dey K, Petrushanko IY, Hegemann I, Goede JS, Bogdanova A. Donor Age and Red Cell Age Contribute to the Variance in Lorrca Indices in Healthy Donors for Next Generation Ektacytometry: A Pilot Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:639722. [PMID: 33737886 PMCID: PMC7960761 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.639722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of red blood cells (RBCs) to transport gases, their lifespan as well as their rheological properties invariably depend on the deformability, hydration, and membrane stability of these cells, which can be measured by Laser optical rotational red cell analyser (Lorrca® Maxsis, RR Mechatronics). The osmoscan mode of Lorrca is currently used in diagnosis of rare anemias in clinical laboratories. However, a broad range of normal values for healthy subjects reduces the sensitivity of this method for diagnosis of mild disease phenotype. In this pilot study, we explored the impact of age and gender of 45 healthy donors, as well as RBC age on the Lorrca indices. Whereas gender did not affect the Lorrca indices in our study, the age donors had a profound effect on the O_hyper parameter. To study the impact of RBC age on the osmoscan parameters, we have isolated low (L)-, medium (M)-, or high (H)- density fractions enriched with young, mature, and senescent RBCs, respectively, and evaluated the influence of RBC age-related properties, such as density, morphology, and redox state, on the osmoscan indices. As before, O_hyper was the most sensitive parameter, dropping markedly with an increase in RBC density and age. Senescence was associated with a decrease in deformability (EI_max) and tolerability to low and high osmolatites (Area). L-fraction was enriched with reticulocytes and cells with high projected area and EMA staining, but also contained a small number of cells small in projected area and most likely, terminally senescent. L-fraction was on average slightly less deformable than mature cells. The cells from the L-fraction produced more oxidants and NO than all other fractions. However, RBCs from the L-fraction contained maximal levels of reduced thiols compared to other fractions. Our study suggests that reference values for O_hyper should be age-stratified, and, most probably, corrected for the average RBC age. Further multi-center study is required to validate these suggestions before implementing them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankie M van Cromvoirt
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Fenk
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ario Sadafi
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Computer Aided Medical Procedures, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elizaveta V Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis A Lagutkin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kuntal Dey
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irina Yu Petrushanko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inga Hegemann
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen S Goede
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Chen CS, Ogawa S, Imura Y, Suzuki M, Yoshimura E. Post-column detection of cadmium chelators by high-performance liquid chromatography using 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphinetetrasulfonic acid. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1141:122025. [PMID: 32109747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cd(II) is toxic to many species, including humans, because it inactivates a number of enzymes and induces cytopathic effects in the liver, kidney, and skeletal tissues in humans. Metallothionein and glutathione (GSH) play a major role in the protection against Cd(II)-induced toxicity in mammalian cells. In this study, a relatively simple method for detecting trace amounts of Cd(II) chelators was developed by using 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphinetetrasulfonic acid (TPPS). The TPPS-Cd(II) complex was added to the elutions of high-performance liquid chromatography. The Cd(II) chelators separated by column chromatography were mixed with Cd(II)-bound TPPS (TPPS-Cd(II)). Cd(II) from TPPS-Cd(II) was chelated by the eluted Cd(II) chelators, resulting in the formation of free TPPS. The absorbance of TPPS shifted from 434 nm (TPPS-Cd(II)) to 414 nm (TPPS), and this characteristic shift was used to estimate the quantity and affinity of the Cd(II) chelators. This new method was compared with the bathocuproine disulfonate (BCS) method developed in our previous study. Instead of BCS-Cu(I), TPPS-Cd(II) was used as the colorimetric reagent. The experimental setup of the TPPS-based method is more general, and the preparation of the colorimetric solution is also much simpler than the BCS method. To verify the efficacy of this new method, we determined the actual Cd(II)-chelating ability of GSH in horse blood; the obtained concentration was in good agreement with the previously reported value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shang Chen
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shinya Ogawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuki Imura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Etsuro Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; The Open University of Japan, 2-11 Wakaba, Mishima-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 261-8586, Japan.
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11
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Abay A, Simionato G, Chachanidze R, Bogdanova A, Hertz L, Bianchi P, van den Akker E, von Lindern M, Leonetti M, Minetti G, Wagner C, Kaestner L. Glutaraldehyde - A Subtle Tool in the Investigation of Healthy and Pathologic Red Blood Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:514. [PMID: 31139090 PMCID: PMC6527840 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutaraldehyde is a well-known substance used in biomedical research to fix cells. Since hemolytic anemias are often associated with red blood cell shape changes deviating from the biconcave disk shape, conservation of these shapes for imaging in general and 3D-imaging in particular, like confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy or scanning probe microscopy is a common desire. Along with the fixation comes an increase in the stiffness of the cells. In the context of red blood cells this increased rigidity is often used to mimic malaria infected red blood cells because they are also stiffer than healthy red blood cells. However, the use of glutaraldehyde is associated with numerous pitfalls: (i) while the increase in rigidity by an application of increasing concentrations of glutaraldehyde is an analog process, the fixation is a rather digital event (all or none); (ii) addition of glutaraldehyde massively changes osmolality in a concentration dependent manner and hence cell shapes can be distorted; (iii) glutaraldehyde batches differ in their properties especially in the ratio of monomers and polymers; (iv) handling pitfalls, like inducing shear artifacts of red blood cell shapes or cell density changes that needs to be considered, e.g., when working with cells in flow; (v) staining glutaraldehyde treated red blood cells need different approaches compared to living cells, for instance, because glutaraldehyde itself induces a strong fluorescence. Within this paper we provide documentation about the subtle use of glutaraldehyde on healthy and pathologic red blood cells and how to deal with or circumvent pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asena Abay
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Greta Simionato
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Revaz Chachanidze
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LRP, Grenoble, France
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and the Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Hertz
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Paola Bianchi
- UOC Ematologia, UOS Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Marc Leonetti
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LRP, Grenoble, France
| | - Giampaolo Minetti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Christian Wagner
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Mancuso JE, Jayaraman A, Ristenpart WD. Centrifugation-induced release of ATP from red blood cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203270. [PMID: 30183749 PMCID: PMC6124747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrifugation is the primary preparation step for isolating red blood cells (RBCs) from whole blood, including for use in studies focused on transduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an important vasodilatory signaling molecule. Despite the wide use of centrifugation, little work has focused on how the centrifugation itself affects release of ATP from RBCs prior to subsequent experimentation. Here we report that both the centrifugation force and duration have a pronounced impact on the concentration of ATP present in the packed RBCs following centrifugation. Multiple subsequent centrifugations yield extracellular ATP concentrations comparable to the amount released during the initial centrifugation, suggesting this effect is cumulative. Pairwise measurements of hemoglobin and ATP suggest the presence of ATP is primarily due to an increase in centrifugation-induced hemolysis. These results indicate that common centrifugation parameters, within the ranges explored here, can release ATP in quantities comparable to the low end of the range of values measured in typical ATP transduction experiments, potentially complicating experimental interpretation of those results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E. Mancuso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Anjana Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - William D. Ristenpart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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