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Chawla HV, Singh N, Singh SB. The Association Between Oxidative Stress and the Progression of Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e55313. [PMID: 38559549 PMCID: PMC10981797 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a progressive multifactorial condition where the role of oxidative stress may have implications in the pathogenesis of the disease. Despite growing interest among researchers and clinicians, the limited, unorganized, and divergent findings regarding the association between oxidative stress and the progression of heart failure (HF) have prompted us to conduct this study. Drawing upon the evolving nature of this research domain, this study is one of the first of its kind to present a systematic and comprehensive overview of the existing evidence regarding the role of oxidative stress production in the progression of HF. This study systematically reviews peer-reviewed empirical studies published in English, particularly focusing on the association between oxidative stress and the progression of HF. Parameters, such as publication year, study design, population demographics (size, age, and gender), types of HF, and characterization of markers in the existing studies, were reviewed. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) procedure, a thorough search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Sage databases, without any restrictions on the publication dates of articles, which yielded a total of 1,808 records on the association of oxidative stress production with clinical outcomes in HF patients. The analysis of the content of 17 articles offered a robust observation of this phenomenon, providing insights into the levels of oxidative stress, antioxidant markers, and the enzymes involved in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and their association with the progression and severity of HF. The findings highlighted various knowledge gaps and future research priorities are recommended in the areas of interest and unexplored areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh V Chawla
- Acute Medicine, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, GBR
| | - Nikita Singh
- Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Singh
- Biochemistry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nuh, IND
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2
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Cao J, Wei Z, Nie Y, Chen HZ. Therapeutic potential of alternative splicing in cardiovascular diseases. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:104995. [PMID: 38350330 PMCID: PMC10874720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing is an important RNA processing step required by multiexon protein-coding mRNAs and some noncoding RNAs. Precise RNA splicing is required for maintaining gene and cell function; however, mis-spliced RNA transcripts can lead to loss- or gain-of-function effects in human diseases. Mis-spliced RNAs induced by gene mutations or the dysregulation of splicing regulators may result in frameshifts, nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), or inclusion/exclusion of exons. Genetic animal models have characterised multiple splicing factors required for cardiac development or function. Moreover, sarcomeric and ion channel genes, which are closely associated with cardiovascular function and disease, are hotspots for AS. Here, we summarise splicing factors and their targets that are associated with cardiovascular diseases, introduce some therapies potentially related to pathological AS targets, and raise outstanding questions and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ziyu Wei
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Labbé P, Martel C, Shi YF, Montezano A, He Y, Gillis MA, Higgins MÈ, Villeneuve L, Touyz R, Tardif JC, Thorin-Trescases N, Thorin E. Knockdown of ANGPTL2 promotes left ventricular systolic dysfunction by upregulation of NOX4 in mice. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1320065. [PMID: 38426206 PMCID: PMC10902461 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1320065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiopoietin-like 2 (ANGPTL2) is a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant circulating protein that predicts and promotes chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis in humans. Transgenic murine models demonstrated the deleterious role of ANGPTL2 in vascular diseases, while deletion of ANGPTL2 was protective. The nature of its role in cardiac tissues is, however, less clear. Indeed, in adult mice knocked down (KD) for ANGPTL2, we recently reported a mild left ventricular (LV) dysfunction originating from a congenital aortic valve stenosis, demonstrating that ANGPTL2 is essential to cardiac development and function. Hypothesis: Because we originally demonstrated that the KD of ANGPTL2 protected vascular endothelial function via an upregulation of arterial NOX4, promoting the beneficial production of dilatory H2O2, we tested the hypothesis that increased cardiac NOX4 could negatively affect cardiac redox and remodeling and contribute to LV dysfunction observed in adult Angptl2-KD mice. Methods and results: Cardiac expression and activity of NOX4 were higher in KD mice, promoting higher levels of cardiac H2O2 when compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Immunofluorescence showed that ANGPTL2 and NOX4 were co-expressed in cardiac cells from WT mice and both proteins co-immunoprecipitated in HEK293 cells, suggesting that ANGPTL2 and NOX4 physically interact. Pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction surgery (TAC) promoted LV systolic dysfunction in WT mice but did not further exacerbate the dysfunction in KD mice. Importantly, the severity of LV systolic dysfunction in KD mice (TAC and control SHAM) correlated with cardiac Nox4 expression. Injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV9) delivering shRNA targeting cardiac Nox4 expression fully reversed LV systolic dysfunction in KD-SHAM mice, demonstrating the causal role of NOX4 in cardiac dysfunction in KD mice. Targeting cardiac Nox4 expression in KD mice also induced an antioxidant response characterized by increased expression of NRF2/KEAP1 and catalase. Conclusion: Together, these data reveal that the absence of ANGPTL2 induces an upregulation of cardiac NOX4 that contributes to oxidative stress and LV dysfunction. By interacting and repressing cardiac NOX4, ANGPTL2 could play a new beneficial role in the maintenance of cardiac redox homeostasis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Labbé
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Martel
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yan-Fen Shi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Augusto Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ying He
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Rhian Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Eric Thorin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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4
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Benak D, Holzerova K, Hrdlicka J, Kolar F, Olsen M, Karelson M, Hlavackova M. Epitranscriptomic regulation in fasting hearts: implications for cardiac health. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-14. [PMID: 38326277 PMCID: PMC10854364 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2307732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tolerance to ischaemia can be increased by dietary interventions such as fasting, which is associated with significant changes in myocardial gene expression. Among the possible mechanisms of how gene expression may be altered are epigenetic modifications of RNA - epitranscriptomics. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am) are two of the most prevalent modifications in mRNA. These methylations are reversible and regulated by proteins called writers, erasers, readers, and m6A-repelled proteins. We analysed 33 of these epitranscriptomic regulators in rat hearts after cardioprotective 3-day fasting using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and targeted proteomic analysis. We found that the most of these regulators were changed on mRNA or protein levels in fasting hearts, including up-regulation of both demethylases - FTO and ALKBH5. In accordance, decreased methylation (m6A+m6Am) levels were detected in cardiac total RNA after fasting. We also identified altered methylation levels in Nox4 and Hdac1 transcripts, both of which play a role in the cytoprotective action of ketone bodies produced during fasting. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of inhibiting demethylases ALKBH5 and FTO in adult rat primary cardiomyocytes (AVCMs). Our findings indicate that inhibiting these demethylases reduced the hypoxic tolerance of AVCMs isolated from fasting rats. This study showed that the complex epitranscriptomic machinery around m6A and m6Am modifications is regulated in the fasting hearts and might play an important role in cardiac adaptation to fasting, a well-known cardioprotective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Benak
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Holzerova
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hrdlicka
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mark Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Mati Karelson
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marketa Hlavackova
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Ramos-Mondragón R, Lozhkin A, Vendrov AE, Runge MS, Isom LL, Madamanchi NR. NADPH Oxidases and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1833. [PMID: 37891912 PMCID: PMC10604902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia and its prevalence increases with age. The irregular and rapid contraction of the atria can lead to ineffective blood pumping, local blood stasis, blood clots, ischemic stroke, and heart failure. NADPH oxidases (NOX) and mitochondria are the main sources of reactive oxygen species in the heart, and dysregulated activation of NOX and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with AF pathogenesis. NOX- and mitochondria-derived oxidative stress contribute to the onset of paroxysmal AF by inducing electrophysiological changes in atrial myocytes and structural remodeling in the atria. Because high atrial activity causes cardiac myocytes to expend extremely high energy to maintain excitation-contraction coupling during persistent AF, mitochondria, the primary energy source, undergo metabolic stress, affecting their morphology, Ca2+ handling, and ATP generation. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in activating AF-triggered activities, regulating intracellular Ca2+ handling, and functional and anatomical reentry mechanisms, all of which are associated with AF initiation, perpetuation, and progression. Changes in the extracellular matrix, inflammation, ion channel expression and function, myofibril structure, and mitochondrial function occur during the early transitional stages of AF, opening a window of opportunity to target NOX and mitochondria-derived oxidative stress using isoform-specific NOX inhibitors and mitochondrial ROS scavengers, as well as drugs that improve mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism to treat persistent AF and its transition to permanent AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ramos-Mondragón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 2301 Medical Science Research Building III, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.R.-M.); (L.L.I.)
| | - Andrey Lozhkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Aleksandr E. Vendrov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Marschall S. Runge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Lori L. Isom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 2301 Medical Science Research Building III, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.R.-M.); (L.L.I.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nageswara R. Madamanchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
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Eisen B, Binah O. Modeling Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Cardiomyopathy with Patients' Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108657. [PMID: 37240001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked progressive muscle degenerative disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, resulting in death by the end of the third decade of life at the latest. A key aspect of the DMD clinical phenotype is dilated cardiomyopathy, affecting virtually all patients by the end of the second decade of life. Furthermore, despite respiratory complications still being the leading cause of death, with advancements in medical care in recent years, cardiac involvement has become an increasing cause of mortality. Over the years, extensive research has been conducted using different DMD animal models, including the mdx mouse. While these models present certain important similarities to human DMD patients, they also have some differences which pose a challenge to researchers. The development of somatic cell reprograming technology has enabled generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) which can be differentiated into different cell types. This technology provides a potentially endless pool of human cells for research. Furthermore, hiPSCs can be generated from patients, thus providing patient-specific cells and enabling research tailored to different mutations. DMD cardiac involvement has been shown in animal models to include changes in gene expression of different proteins, abnormal cellular Ca2+ handling, and other aberrations. To gain a better understanding of the disease mechanisms, it is imperative to validate these findings in human cells. Furthermore, with the recent advancements in gene-editing technology, hiPSCs provide a valuable platform for research and development of new therapies including the possibility of regenerative medicine. In this article, we review the DMD cardiac-related research performed so far using human hiPSCs-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) carrying DMD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyamin Eisen
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ofer Binah
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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7
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Lin Q, Kumar S, Kariyawasam U, Yang X, Yang W, Skinner JT, Gao WD, Johns RA. Human Resistin Induces Cardiac Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027621. [PMID: 36927008 PMCID: PMC10111547 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiac failure is the primary cause of death in most patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH). As pleiotropic cytokines, human resistin (Hresistin) and its rodent homolog, resistin-like molecule α, are mechanistically critical to pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH. However, it is still unclear whether activation of these resistin-like molecules can directly cause PH-associated cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. Methods and Results In this study, we detected Hresistin protein in right ventricular (RV) tissue of patients with PH and elevated resistin-like molecule expression in RV tissues of rodents with RV hypertrophy and failure. In a humanized mouse model, cardiac-specific Hresistin overexpression was sufficient to cause cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. Dilated hearts exhibited reduced force development and decreased intracellular Ca2+ transients. In the RV tissues overexpressing Hresistin, the impaired contractility was associated with the suppression of protein kinase A and AMP-activated protein kinase. Mechanistically, Hresistin activation triggered the inflammation mediated by signaling of the key damage-associated molecular pattern molecule high-mobility group box 1, and subsequently induced pro-proliferative Ki67 in RV tissues of the transgenic mice. Intriguingly, an anti-Hresistin human antibody that we generated protected the myocardium from hypertrophy and failure in the rodent PH models. Conclusions Our data indicate that Hresistin is expressed in heart tissues and plays a role in the development of RV dysfunction and maladaptive remodeling through its immunoregulatory activities. Targeting this signaling to modulate cardiac inflammation may offer a promising strategy to treat PH-associated RV hypertrophy and failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Udeshika Kariyawasam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
- Department of AnesthesiologyQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - John T. Skinner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Wei Dong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Roger A. Johns
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
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Nabeebaccus AA, Reumiller CM, Shen J, Zoccarato A, Santos CXC, Shah AM. The regulation of cardiac intermediary metabolism by NADPH oxidases. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3305-3319. [PMID: 35325070 PMCID: PMC9847558 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs), enzymes whose primary function is to generate reactive oxygen species, are important regulators of the heart's physiological function and response to pathological insults. The role of NOX-driven redox signalling in pathophysiological myocardial remodelling, including processes such as interstitial fibrosis, contractile dysfunction, cellular hypertrophy, and cell survival, is well recognized. While the NOX2 isoform promotes many detrimental effects, the NOX4 isoform has attracted considerable attention as a driver of adaptive stress responses both during pathology and under physiological states such as exercise. Recent studies have begun to define some of the NOX4-modulated mechanisms that may underlie these adaptive responses. In particular, novel functions of NOX4 in driving cellular metabolic changes have emerged. Alterations in cellular metabolism are a recognized hallmark of the heart's response to physiological and pathological stresses. In this review, we highlight the emerging roles of NOX enzymes as important modulators of cellular intermediary metabolism in the heart, linking stress responses not only to myocardial energetics but also other functions. The novel interplay of NOX-modulated redox signalling pathways and intermediary metabolism in the heart is unravelling a new aspect of the fascinating biology of these enzymes which will inform a better understanding of how they drive adaptive responses. We also discuss the implications of these new findings for therapeutic approaches that target metabolism in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Nabeebaccus
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Christina M Reumiller
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Celio X C Santos
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Lozhkin A, Vendrov AE, Ramos-Mondragón R, Canugovi C, Stevenson MD, Herron TJ, Hummel SL, Figueroa CA, Bowles DE, Isom LL, Runge MS, Madamanchi NR. Mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to diastolic dysfunction through impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102474. [PMID: 36183542 PMCID: PMC9530618 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction (DD) underlies heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a clinical syndrome associated with aging that is becoming more prevalent. Despite extensive clinical studies, no effective treatment exists for HFpEF. Recent findings suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of DD, but molecular mechanisms underpinning redox-sensitive cardiac remodeling in DD remain obscure. Using transgenic mice with mitochondria-targeted NOX4 overexpression (Nox4TG618) as a model, we demonstrate that NOX4-dependent mitochondrial oxidative stress induces DD in mice as measured by increased E/E', isovolumic relaxation time, Tau Glantz and reduced dP/dtmin while EF is preserved. In Nox4TG618 mice, fragmentation of cardiomyocyte mitochondria, increased DRP1 phosphorylation, decreased expression of MFN2, and a higher percentage of apoptotic cells in the myocardium are associated with lower ATP-driven and maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, a decrease in respiratory reserve, and a decrease in citrate synthase and Complex I activities. Transgenic mice have an increased concentration of TGFβ and osteopontin in LV lysates, as well as MCP-1 in plasma, which correlates with a higher percentage of LV myocardial periostin- and ACTA2-positive cells compared with wild-type mice. Accordingly, the levels of ECM as measured by Picrosirius Red staining as well as interstitial deposition of collagen I are elevated in the myocardium of Nox4TG618 mice. The LV tissue of Nox4TG618 mice also exhibited increased ICaL current, calpain 2 expression, and altered/disrupted Z-disc structure. As it pertains to human pathology, similar changes were found in samples of LV from patients with DD. Finally, treatment with GKT137831, a specific NOX1 and NOX4 inhibitor, or overexpression of mCAT attenuated myocardial fibrosis and prevented DD in the Nox4TG618 mice. Together, our results indicate that mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to DD by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, increased synthesis of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines, activation of fibroblasts, and the accumulation of extracellular matrix, which leads to interstitial fibrosis and passive stiffness of the myocardium. Further, mitochondrial oxidative stress increases cardiomyocyte Ca2+ influx, which worsens CM relaxation and raises the LV filling pressure in conjunction with structural proteolytic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Lozhkin
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Aleksandr E Vendrov
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - R Ramos-Mondragón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chandrika Canugovi
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Mark D Stevenson
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Todd J Herron
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Scott L Hummel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C Alberto Figueroa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lori L Isom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marschall S Runge
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Nageswara R Madamanchi
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA.
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10
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Saxagliptin Cardiotoxicity in Chronic Heart Failure: The Role of DPP4 in the Regulation of Neuropeptide Tone. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071573. [PMID: 35884882 PMCID: PMC9312997 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors are novel medicines for diabetes. The SAVOR-TIMI-53 clinical trial revealed increased heart-failure-associated hospitalization in saxagliptin-treated patients. Although this side effect could limit therapeutic use, the mechanism of this potential cardiotoxicity is unclear. We aimed to establish a cellular platform to investigate DPP4 inhibition and the role of its neuropeptide substrates substance P (SP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and to determine the expression of DDP4 and its neuropeptide substrates in the human heart. Western blot, radio-, enzyme-linked immuno-, and RNA scope assays were performed to investigate the expression of DPP4 and its substrates in human hearts. Calcein-based viability measurements and scratch assays were used to test the potential toxicity of DPP4 inhibitors. Cardiac expression of DPP4 and NPY decreased in heart failure patients. In human hearts, DPP4 mRNA is detectable mainly in cardiomyocytes and endothelium. Treatment with DPP4 inhibitors alone/in combination with neuropeptides did not affect viability but in scratch assays neuropeptides decreased, while saxagliptin co-administration increased fibroblast migration in isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocyte-fibroblast co-culture. Decreased DPP4 activity takes part in the pathophysiology of end-stage heart failure. DPP4 compensates against the elevated sympathetic activity and altered neuropeptide tone. Its inhibition decreases this adaptive mechanism, thereby exacerbating myocardial damage.
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11
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Szabó D, Sárszegi Z, Polgár B, Sághy É, Reglődi D, Tóth T, Onódi Z, Leszek P, Varga ZV, Helyes Z, Kemény Á, Ferdinandy P, Tamás A. PACAP-38 and PAC1 Receptor Alterations in Plasma and Cardiac Tissue Samples of Heart Failure Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073715. [PMID: 35409075 PMCID: PMC8998504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38) is a multifunctional neuropeptide, which may play a role in cardioprotection. However, little is known about the presence of PACAP-38 in heart failure (HF) patients. The aim of our study was to measure the alterations of PACAP-38 like immunoreactivity (LI) in acute (n = 13) and chronic HF (n = 33) and to examine potential correlations between PACAP-38 and HF predictors (cytokines, NT-proBNP). Tissue PACAP-38 LI and PAC1 receptor levels were also investigated in heart tissue samples of patients with HF. Significantly higher plasma PACAP-38 LI was detected in patients with acute HF, while in chronic HF patients, a lower level of immunoreactivity was observed compared to healthy controls (n = 13). Strong negative correlation was identified between plasma PACAP-38 and NT-proBNP levels in chronic HF, as opposed to the positive connection seen in the acute HF group. Plasma IL-1 β, IL-2 and IL-4 levels were significantly lower in chronic HF, and IL-10 was significantly higher in patients with acute HF. PACAP-38 levels of myocardial tissues were lower in all end-stage HF patients and lower PAC1 receptor levels were detected in the primary dilated cardiomyopathy group compared to the controls. We conclude that PACAP-38 and PAC1 expression correlates with some biomarkers of acute and chronic HF; therefore, further studies are necessary to explore whether PACAP could be a suitable prognostic biomarker in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Szabó
- Heart Institute, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (D.S.); (Z.S.)
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Centre for Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (D.R.); (T.T.)
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (Z.H.); (Á.K.)
| | - Zsolt Sárszegi
- Heart Institute, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (D.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Beáta Polgár
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Éva Sághy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (É.S.); (Z.O.); (Z.V.V.); (P.F.)
| | - Dóra Reglődi
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Centre for Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (D.R.); (T.T.)
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (Z.H.); (Á.K.)
| | - Tünde Tóth
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Centre for Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (D.R.); (T.T.)
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (Z.H.); (Á.K.)
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (É.S.); (Z.O.); (Z.V.V.); (P.F.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Przemyslaw Leszek
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Zoltán V. Varga
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (É.S.); (Z.O.); (Z.V.V.); (P.F.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (Z.H.); (Á.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kemény
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (Z.H.); (Á.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (É.S.); (Z.O.); (Z.V.V.); (P.F.)
- Pharmahungary Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Tamás
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, Centre for Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (D.R.); (T.T.)
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (Z.H.); (Á.K.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +36-72-536-001 (ext. 36421)
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12
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Chen QM. Nrf2 for protection against oxidant generation and mitochondrial damage in cardiac injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:133-143. [PMID: 34921930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the most common form of acute coronary syndrome. Blockage of a coronary artery due to blood clotting leads to ischemia and subsequent cell death in the form of necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis. Revascularization by coronary artery bypass graft surgery or non-surgical percutaneous coronary intervention combined with pharmacotherapy is effective in relieving symptoms and decreasing mortality. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated from damaged mitochondria, NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, and inflammation. Impairment of mitochondria is shown as decreased metabolic activity, increased ROS production, membrane permeability transition, and release of mitochondrial proteins into the cytoplasm. Oxidative stress activates Nrf2 transcription factor, which in turn mediates the expression of mitofusin 2 (Mfn 2) and proteasomal genes. Increased expression of Mfn2 and inhibition of mitochondrial fission due to decreased Drp1 protein by proteasomal degradation contribute to mitochondrial hyperfusion. Damaged mitochondria can be removed by mitophagy via Parkin or p62 mediated ubiquitination. Mitochondrial biogenesis compensates for the loss of mitochondria, but requires mitochondrial DNA replication and initiation of transcription or translation of mitochondrial genes. Experimental evidence supports a role of Nrf2 in mitophagy, via up-regulation of PINK1 or p62 gene expression; and in mitochondrial biogenesis, by influencing the expression of PGC-1α, NResF1, NResF2, TFAM and mitochondrial genes. Oxidative stress causes Nrf2 activation via Keap1 dissociation, de novo protein translation, and nuclear translocation related to inactivation of GSK3β. The mechanism of Keap 1 mediated Nrf2 activation has been hijacked for Nrf2 activation by small molecules derived from natural products, some of which have been shown capable of mitochondrial protection. Multiple lines of evidence support the importance of Nrf2 in protecting mitochondria and preserving or renewing energy metabolism following tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin M Chen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States.
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13
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Duelen R, Costamagna D, Gilbert G, Waele LD, Goemans N, Desloovere K, Verfaillie CM, Sipido KR, Buyse GM, Sampaolesi M. Human iPSC model reveals a central role for NOX4 and oxidative stress in Duchenne cardiomyopathy. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:352-368. [PMID: 35090586 PMCID: PMC8828550 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle disorder caused by mutations in the Dystrophin gene. Cardiomyopathy is a major cause of early death. We used DMD-patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to model cardiomyopathic features and unravel novel pathologic insights. Cardiomyocytes (CMs) differentiated from DMD hiPSCs showed enhanced premature cell death due to significantly elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from depolarized mitochondria and increased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). CRISPR-Cas9 correction of Dystrophin restored normal ROS levels. ROS reduction by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), ataluren (PTC124), and idebenone improved hiPSC-CM survival. We show that oxidative stress in DMD hiPSC-CMs was counteracted by stimulating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. ATP can bind to NOX4 and partially inhibit the ROS production. Considering the complexity and the early cellular stress responses in DMD cardiomyopathy, we propose targeting ROS production and preventing detrimental effects of NOX4 on DMD CMs as promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Duelen
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - O&N4 - bus 804, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Domiziana Costamagna
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - O&N4 - bus 804, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Waele
- Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Goemans
- Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine M Verfaillie
- Stem Cell Institute Leuven, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gunnar M Buyse
- Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - O&N4 - bus 804, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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14
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Adameova A, Horvath C, Abdul-Ghani S, Varga ZV, Suleiman MS, Dhalla NS. Interplay of Oxidative Stress and Necrosis-like Cell Death in Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Necroptosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010127. [PMID: 35052807 PMCID: PMC8773068 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research work has been carried out to define the exact significance and contribution of regulated necrosis-like cell death program, such as necroptosis to cardiac ischemic injury. This cell damaging process plays a critical role in the pathomechanisms of myocardial infarction (MI) and post-infarction heart failure (HF). Accordingly, it has been documented that the modulation of key molecules of the canonical signaling pathway of necroptosis, involving receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIP1 and RIP3) as well as mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), elicit cardioprotective effects. This is evidenced by the reduction of the MI-induced infarct size, alleviation of myocardial dysfunction, and adverse cardiac remodeling. In addition to this molecular signaling of necroptosis, the non-canonical pathway, involving Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-mediated regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, and phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5)–dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1)-induced mitochondrial fission, has recently been linked to ischemic heart injury. Since MI and HF are characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and degradation as well as the occurrence of necroptosis in the heart, it is likely that oxidative stress (OS) may be involved in the mechanisms of this cell death program for inducing cardiac damage. In this review, therefore, several observations from different studies are presented to support this paradigm linking cardiac OS, the canonical and non-canonical pathways of necroptosis, and ischemia-induced injury. It is concluded that a multiple therapeutic approach targeting some specific changes in OS and necroptosis may be beneficial in improving the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Adameova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81438 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Csaba Horvath
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Safa Abdul-Ghani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis P.O. Box 89, Palestine;
| | - Zoltan V. Varga
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - M. Saadeh Suleiman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, The Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK;
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Center, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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15
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Crocin Improves Diabetes-Induced Oxidative Stress via Downregulating the Nox-4 in Myocardium of Diabetic Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:275-285. [PMID: 34981484 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has a crucial role in the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction in the diabetic milieu. Crocin is a natural compound that acts as an antioxidant which could potentially ameliorate oxidative damages in various tissues. The potential role of crocin in the myocardial tissue is not clear yet. This study was aimed to evaluate the possible antioxidative properties of crocin in the myocardium of diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as normal, normal-treated, diabetic, and diabetic-treated. Diabetes was induced by a single intravenous injection of STZ (40 mg/kg). Two treated groups of animals (diabetic and non-diabetic) were treated with crocin daily for 8 weeks (40 mg/kg/IP). At the end of day 56, animals were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, and blood and tissue samples were collected. After tissue preparation, the level of nitrate, malondialdehyde, and glutathione and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes were measured via standard protocols. In addition, the level of Nox-4 mRNA expression was examined by RT-PCR method. The data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA, and P < 0.05 was considered as a significant difference. RESULTS Diabetes induces oxidative damages by upregulating the Nox-4 enzyme and increasing nitrate and malondialdehyde levels in the myocardium. Diabetes reduced the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione activities in the myocardial tissues. Treatment with crocin reversed these changes, reduced Nox-4 mRNA expression, and reduced the nitrate and malondialdehyde content in the myocardium of diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Diabetes induces oxidative stress in myocardium via the upregulating Nox-4 enzyme, and the treatment with crocin reversed these changes. Thus, crocin could be considered as a novel agent for potentially protecting myocardial tissues against diabetes-induced oxidative damages.
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16
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Onódi Z, Ruppert M, Kucsera D, Sayour AA, Tóth VE, Koncsos G, Novák J, Brenner GB, Makkos A, Baranyai T, Giricz Z, Görbe A, Leszek P, Gyöngyösi M, Horváth IG, Schulz R, Merkely B, Ferdinandy P, Radovits T, Varga ZV. AIM2-driven inflammasome activation in heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2639-2651. [PMID: 34117866 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an important pathogenic factor in cardiovascular diseases including chronic heart failure (HF). The CANTOS trial highlighted that inflammasomes as primary sources of IL-1 β are promising new therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we aimed to assess inflammasome activation in failing hearts to identify activation patterns of inflammasome subtypes as sources of IL-1β. METHODS AND RESULTS Out of the four major inflammasome sensors tested, expression of the inflammasome protein absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) increased in human HF regardless of the aetiology (ischaemic or dilated cardiomyopathy), while the NLRP1/NALP1 and NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1 and 3) inflammasome showed no change in HF samples. AIM2 expression was primarily detected in monocytes/macrophages of failing hearts. Translational animal models of HF (pressure or volume overload, and permanent coronary artery ligation in rat, as well as ischaemia/reperfusion-induced HF in pigs) demonstrated activation pattern of AIM2 similar to that of observed in end-stages of human HF. In vitro AIM2 inflammasome activation in human Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 (THP-1) monocytic cells and human AC16 cells was significantly reduced by pharmacological blockade of pannexin-1 channels by the clinically used uricosuric drug probenecid. Probenecid was also able to reduce pressure overload-induced mortality and restore indices of disease severity in a rat chronic HF model in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report showing that AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation contribute to chronic inflammation in HF and that probenecid alleviates chronic HF by reducing inflammasome activation. The present translational study suggests the possibility of repositioning probenecid for HF indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Onódi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Ruppert
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Kucsera
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alex Ali Sayour
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória E Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Koncsos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julianna Novák
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor B Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Makkos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Baranyai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Przemyslaw Leszek
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iván G Horváth
- Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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17
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Vörös I, Sághy É, Pohóczky K, Makkos A, Onódi Z, Brenner GB, Baranyai T, Ágg B, Váradi B, Kemény Á, Leszek P, Görbe A, Varga ZV, Giricz Z, Schulz R, Helyes Z, Ferdinandy P. Somatostatin and Its Receptors in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:663655. [PMID: 34803662 PMCID: PMC8602362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.663655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of the neuropeptide somatostatin (SST) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. Here, we investigated the direct cardiocytoprotective effect of SST on ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiomyocyte cultures, as well as the expression of SST and its receptors in pig and human heart tissues. SST induced a bell-shaped, concentration-dependent cardiocytoprotection in both adult rat primary cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cells subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury. Furthermore, in a translational porcine closed-chest acute myocardial infarction model, ischemic preconditioning increased plasma SST-like immunoreactivity. Interestingly, SST expression was detectable at the protein, but not at the mRNA level in the pig left ventricles. SSTR1 and SSTR2, but not the other SST receptors, were detectable at the mRNA level by PCR and sequencing in the pig left ventricle. Moreover, remote ischemic conditioning upregulated SSTR1 mRNA. Similarly, SST expression was also detectable in healthy human interventricular septum samples at the protein level. Furthermore, SST-like immunoreactivity decreased in interventricular septum samples of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. SSTR1, SSTR2, and SSTR5 but not SST and the other SST receptors were detectable at the mRNA level by sequencing in healthy human left ventricles. In addition, in healthy human left ventricle samples, SSTR1 and SSTR2 mRNAs were expressed especially in vascular endothelial and some other cell types as detected by RNA Scope® in situ hybridization. This is the first demonstration that SST exerts a direct cardiocytoprotective effect against simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury. Moreover, SST is expressed in the heart tissue at the peptide level; however, it is likely to be of sensory neural origin since its mRNA is not detectable. SSTR1 and SSTR2 might be involved in the cardioprotective action of SST, but other mechanisms cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Vörös
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Sághy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pohóczky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Makkos
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor B. Brenner
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Baranyai
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Ágg
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Váradi
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kemény
- Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Przemyslaw Leszek
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V. Varga
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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18
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Smolka C, Schlösser D, Koentges C, Tarkhnishvili A, Gorka O, Pfeifer D, Bemtgen X, Asmussen A, Groß O, Diehl P, Moser M, Bode C, Bugger H, Grundmann S, Pankratz F. Cardiomyocyte-specific miR-100 overexpression preserves heart function under pressure overload in mice and diminishes fatty acid uptake as well as ROS production by direct suppression of Nox4 and CD36. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21956. [PMID: 34605573 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100829rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are key regulators of the cardiac response to injury. MiR-100 has recently been suggested to be involved in different forms of heart failure, but functional studies are lacking. In the present study, we examined the impact of transgenic miR-100 overexpression on cardiac structure and function during physiological aging and pathological pressure-overload-induced heart failure in mice after transverse aortic constriction surgery. MiR-100 was moderately upregulated after induction of pressure overload in mice. While in our transgenic model the cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of miR-100 did not result in an obvious cardiac phenotype in unchallenged mice, the transgenic mouse strain exhibited less left ventricular dilatation and a higher ejection fraction than wildtype animals, demonstrating an attenuation of maladaptive cardiac remodeling by miR-100. Cardiac transcriptome analysis identified a repression of several regulatory genes related to cardiac metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by miR-100 overexpression, possibly mediating the observed functional effects. While the modulation of ROS-production seemed to be indirectly affected by miR-100 via Alox5-and Nox4-downregulation, we demonstrated that miR-100 induced a direct repression of the scavenger protein CD36 in murine hearts resulting in a decreased uptake of long-chain fatty acids and an alteration of mitochondrial respiratory function with an enhanced glycolytic state. In summary, we identified miR-100 as a modulator of cardiac metabolism and ROS production without an apparent cardiac phenotype at baseline but a protective effect under conditions of pressure-overload-induced cardiac stress, providing new insight into the mechanisms of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Smolka
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Delia Schlösser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Koentges
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandre Tarkhnishvili
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Gorka
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xavier Bemtgen
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Asmussen
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Diehl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Moser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Grundmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Pankratz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Alternative Splicing in Cardiovascular Disease-A Survey of Recent Findings. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091457. [PMID: 34573439 PMCID: PMC8469243 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing, a driver of posttranscriptional variance, differs from canonical splicing by arranging the introns and exons of an immature pre-mRNA transcript in a multitude of different ways. Although alternative splicing was discovered almost half a century ago, estimates of the proportion of genes that undergo alternative splicing have risen drastically over the last two decades. Deep sequencing methods and novel bioinformatic algorithms have led to new insights into the prevalence of spliced variants, tissue-specific splicing patterns and the significance of alternative splicing in development and disease. Thus far, the role of alternative splicing has been uncovered in areas ranging from heart development, the response to myocardial infarction to cardiac structural disease. Circular RNAs, a product of alternative back-splicing, were initially discovered in 1976, but landmark publications have only recently identified their regulatory role, tissue-specific expression, and transcriptomic abundance, spurring a renewed interest in the topic. The aim of this review is to provide a brief insight into some of the available findings on the role of alternative splicing in cardiovascular disease, with a focus on atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy and circular RNAs in myocardial infarction.
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20
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Weissman D, Maack C. Redox signaling in heart failure and therapeutic implications. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:345-364. [PMID: 34019933 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a growing health burden worldwide characterized by alterations in excitation-contraction coupling, cardiac energetic deficit and oxidative stress. While current treatments are mostly limited to antagonization of neuroendocrine activation, more recent data suggest that also targeting metabolism may provide substantial prognostic benefit. However, although in a broad spectrum of preclinical models, oxidative stress plays a causal role for the development and progression of heart failure, no treatment that targets reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly has entered the clinical arena yet. In the heart, ROS derive from various sources, such as NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, uncoupled nitric oxide synthase and mitochondria. While mitochondria are the primary source of ROS in the heart, communication between different ROS sources may be relevant for physiological signalling events as well as pathologically elevated ROS that deteriorate excitation-contraction coupling, induce hypertrophy and/or trigger cell death. Here, we review the sources of ROS in the heart, the modes of pathological activation of ROS formation as well as therapeutic approaches that may target ROS specifically in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weissman
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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21
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Tékus V, Horváth ÁI, Csekő K, Szabadfi K, Kovács-Valasek A, Dányádi B, Deres L, Halmosi R, Sághy É, Varga ZV, Adeghate E, Kőszegi T, Mátyus P, Gábriel R, Ferdinandy P, Pintér E, Helyes Z. Protective effects of the novel amine-oxidase inhibitor multi-target drug SZV 1287 on streptozotocin-induced beta cell damage and diabetic complications in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111105. [PMID: 33338750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease leading to hyperglycemia due to insufficient pancreatic insulin production or effect. Amine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3) is an enzyme that belongs to the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase family, which may be a novel therapeutic target to treat diabetic complications. We aimed to explore the effects of AOC3 inhibition and to test the actions of our novel AOC3 inhibitor multi-target drug candidate, SZV 1287, compared to a selective reference compound, LJP 1207, in an 8-week long insulin-controlled streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (60 mg/kg i.p.) rat diabetes model. Both AOC3 inhibitors (20 mg/kg, daily s.c. injections) were protective against STZ-induced pancreatic beta cell damage determined by insulin immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay, neuropathic cold hypersensitivity measured by paw withdrawal latency decrease from 0 °C water, and retinal dysfunction detected by electroretinography. SZV 1287 showed greater inhibitory effects on beta cell damage, and reduced retinal apoptosis shown by histochemistry. Mechanical hypersensitivity measured by aesthesiometry, cardiac dysfunction and nitrosative stress determined by echocardiography and immunohistochemistry/Western blot, respectively, serum Na+, K+, fructosamine, and urine microalbumin, creatinine, total protein/creatinine ratio alterations did not develop in response to diabetes. None of these parameters were influenced by the treatments except for SZV 1287 reducing serum fructosamine and LJP 1207 increasing urine creatinine. We provide the first evidence for protective effects of AOC3 inhibition on STZ-induced pancreatic beta cell damage, neuropathic cold hypersensitivity and diabetic retinal dysfunction. Long-term treatment with our novel multi-target analgesic candidate, SZV 1287, is safe and effective also under diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Tékus
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ádám István Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Csekő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szabadfi
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kovács-Valasek
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bese Dányádi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Deres
- Genomics and Experimental Cardiology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, H-1245, Budapest, Hungary; 1st Department of Medicine, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Halmosi
- Genomics and Experimental Cardiology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; 1st Department of Medicine, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Sághy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Mátyus
- Institute of Digital Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Health and Public Services, Ferenc tér 15, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Gábriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi György u. 10, H-7629, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi György u. 10, H-7629, Pécs, Hungary.
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22
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Rajaram RD, Dissard R, Jaquet V, de Seigneux S. Potential benefits and harms of NADPH oxidase type 4 in the kidneys and cardiovascular system. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:567-576. [PMID: 29931336 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main function of NADPH oxidases is to catalyse the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is expressed at high levels in kidney tubular cells, and at lower levels in endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes and other cell types under physiological conditions. NOX4 is constitutively active producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the prevalent ROS detected, whereas other NOX isoforms present in the renal and cardiovascular systems (i.e. NOX1, NOX2 and NOX5) generate superoxide radical anions as main products. Pharmacological inhibition of NOX4 has received enormous attention for its potential therapeutic benefit in fibrotic disease and nephropathologies. Ongoing clinical trials are testing this approach in humans. Diabetes elevates NOX4 expression in podocytes and mesangial cells, which was shown to damage glomeruli leading to podocyte loss, mesangial cell hypertrophy and matrix accumulation. Consequently, NOX4 represents an interesting therapeutic target in diabetic nephropathy. On the contrary, experiments using NOX4-deficient mice have shown that NOX4 is cytoprotective in tubular cells, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, and has a metabolism-regulating role when these cells are subjected to injury. Mice with systemic NOX4 deletion are more susceptible to acute and chronic tubular injury, heart failure and atherosclerosis. Overall, the current literature suggests a detrimental role of increased NOX4 expression in mesangial cells and podocytes during diabetic nephropathy, but a cytoprotective role of this enzyme in other cellular types where it is expressed endogenously. We review here the recent evidence on the role of NOX4 in the kidneys and cardiovascular system. With the emergence of pharmacological NOX4 inhibitors in clinical trials, caution should be taken in identifying potential side effects in patients prone to acute kidney injury and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuga D Rajaram
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Service of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romain Dissard
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Service of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Service of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in heart disease. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-13. [PMID: 31857574 PMCID: PMC6923355 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond their role as a cellular powerhouse, mitochondria are emerging as integral players in molecular signaling and cell fate determination through reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS production has historically been portrayed as an unregulated process driving oxidative stress and disease pathology, contemporary studies reveal that ROS also facilitate normal physiology. Mitochondria are especially abundant in cardiac tissue; hence, mitochondrial dysregulation and ROS production are thought to contribute significantly to cardiac pathology. Moreover, there is growing appreciation that medical therapies designed to mediate mitochondrial ROS production can be important strategies to ameliorate cardiac disease. In this review, we highlight evidence from animal models that illustrates the strong connections between mitochondrial ROS and cardiac disease, discuss advancements in the development of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant therapies, and identify challenges faced in bringing such therapies into the clinic. Heart disease progression could be tackled by targeting signaling molecules that cause oxidative stress. Jennifer Kwong at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, USA, and co-workers reviewed research into the role of mitochondria and their associated signaling molecules in the development of heart disease. Mitochondria are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), signaling molecules involved in muscle contraction and calcium transfer in the heart, but they also destroy ROS to maintain a balance. Disruption to this balance can lead to elevated ROS, causing DNA and cellular damage, triggering disease. Animal trials using drugs to target mitochondrial ROS show promise in limiting heart disease progression. Further research is needed to determine whether this approach will work in humans and which specific heart problems might benefit from such therapies.
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24
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van Esbroeck ACM, Varga ZV, Di X, van Rooden EJ, Tóth VE, Onódi Z, Kuśmierczyk M, Leszek P, Ferdinandy P, Hankemeier T, van der Stelt M, Pacher P. Activity-based protein profiling of the human failing ischemic heart reveals alterations in hydrolase activities involving the endocannabinoid system. Pharmacol Res 2019; 151:104578. [PMID: 31794870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Acute myocardial infarction and subsequent post-infarction heart failure are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The endocannabinoid system has emerged as an important modulator of cardiovascular disease, however the role of endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes in heart failure is still elusive. Herein, we investigated the endocannabinoids and their metabolic enzymes in ischemic end-stage failing human hearts and non-failing controls. METHODS AND RESULTS Quantitative real-time PCR, targeted lipidomics, and activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) enabled assessment of the endocannabinoids and their metabolic enzymes in ischemic end-stage failing human hearts and non-failing controls. Based on lipidomic analysis, two subgroups were identified within the ischemic heart failure group; the first similar to control hearts and the second with decreased levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) and drastically increased levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), other N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and free fatty acids. The altered lipid profile was accompanied by strong reductions in the activity of 13 hydrolases, including the 2-AG hydrolytic enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MGLL). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the presence of different biological states within the ischemic heart failure group, based on alterations in the lipid and hydrolase activity profiles. In addition, this study demonstrates that ABPP is a valuable tool to rapidly analyze enzyme activity in clinical samples with potential for novel drug and biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelot C M van Esbroeck
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Zoltan V Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xinyu Di
- Department of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Eva J van Rooden
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Viktória E Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mariusz Kuśmierczyk
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Leszek
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Department of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, USA.
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Fibroblasts to Keratinocytes Redox Signaling: The Possible Role of ROS in Psoriatic Plaque Formation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110566. [PMID: 31752190 PMCID: PMC6912201 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of reactive oxygen species-mediated (ROS-mediated) signalling in physiologic and pathologic skin conditions has been proven, no data exist on the skin cells ROS-mediated communication. Primary fibroblasts were obtained from lesional and non-lesional skin of psoriatic patients. ROS, superoxide anion, calcium and nitric oxide levels and lipoperoxidation markers and total antioxidant content were measured in fibroblasts. NADPH oxidase activity and NOX1, 2 and 4 expressions were assayed and NOX4 silencing was performed. Fibroblasts and healthy keratinocytes co-culture was performed. MAPK pathways activation was studied in fibroblasts and in co-cultured healthy keratinocytes. Increased intracellular calcium, •NO and ROS levels as well as an enhanced NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)-mediated extracellular ROS release was shown in lesional psoriatic vs. control fibroblasts. Upon co-culture with lesional fibroblasts, keratinocytes showed p38 and ERK MAPKs pathways activation, ROS, Ca2+ and •NO increase and cell cycle acceleration. Notably, NOX4 knockdown significantly reduced the observed effects of lesional fibroblasts on keratinocyte cell cycle progression. Co-culture with non-lesional psoriatic and control fibroblasts induced slight cell cycle acceleration, but notable intracellular ROS accumulation and ERK MAPK activation in keratinocytes. Collectively, our data demonstrate that NOX4 expressed in dermal fibroblasts is essential for the redox paracrine regulation of epidermal keratinocytes proliferation.
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Touyz RM, Anagnostopoulou A, Camargo LL, Rios FJ, Montezano AC. Vascular Biology of Superoxide-Generating NADPH Oxidase 5-Implications in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1027-1040. [PMID: 30334629 PMCID: PMC6354601 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE NADPH oxidases (Noxs), of which there are seven isoforms (Nox1-5, Duox1/Duox2), are professional oxidases functioning as reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating enzymes. ROS are signaling molecules important in physiological processes. Increased ROS production and altered redox signaling in the vascular system have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, and have been attributed, in part, to increased Nox activity. Recent Advances: Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, and Nox5 are expressed and functionally active in human vascular cells. While Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 have been well characterized in models of cardiovascular disease, little is known about Nox5. This may relate to the lack of experimental models because rodents lack NOX5. However, recent studies have advanced the field by (i) elucidating mechanisms of Nox5 regulation, (ii) identifying Nox5 variants, (iii) characterizing Nox5 expression, and (iv) discovering the Nox5 crystal structure. Moreover, studies in human Nox5-expressing mice have highlighted a putative role for Nox5 in cardiovascular disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Although growing evidence indicates a role for Nox-derived ROS in cardiovascular (patho)physiology, the exact function of each isoform remains unclear. This is especially true for Nox5. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future directions should focus on clinically relevant studies to discover the functional significance of Noxs, and Nox5 in particular, in human health and disease. Two important recent studies will impact future directions. First, Nox5 is the first Nox to be crystallized. Second, a genome-wide association study identified Nox5 as a novel blood pressure-associated gene. These discoveries, together with advancements in Nox5 biology and biochemistry, will facilitate discovery of drugs that selectively target Noxs to interfere in uncontrolled ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Aikaterini Anagnostopoulou
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Livia L Camargo
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J Rios
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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NADPH Oxidases and Mitochondria in Vascular Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051327. [PMID: 29710840 PMCID: PMC5983750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or by reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes is a major contributor to the progression of vascular senescence, pathologic remodeling of the vascular wall, and disease. Both oxidative stress and inflammation promote the development of senescence, a process by which cells stop proliferating and become dysfunctional. This review focuses on the role of the mitochondria and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases Nox1 and Nox4 in vascular senescence, and their contribution to the development of atherosclerosis. Recent findings are reviewed, supporting a critical role of the mitochondrial regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), the inflammatory gene nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), zinc, the zinc transporters (ZnTs) ZnT3 and ZnT10, and angiotensin II (Ang II) in mitochondrial function, and their role in telomere stability, which provides new mechanistic insights into a previously proposed unified theory of aging.
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