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Ma T, Ding Y, Xu F, Zhang C, Zhou M, Tang Y, Chen Y, Wen Y, Chen R, Tang B, Wang S. Effects of acute and chronic chromium stress on the expression of heat shock protein genes and activities of antioxidant enzymes in larvae of Orthetrum albistylum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122712. [PMID: 37813144 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The dragonfly species Orthetrum albistylum, can accumulate heavy metals from its aquatic environment and thus serves as a biological indicator for monitoring and evaluating water quality. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play important biological roles in resistance to various types of environmental stress. The full-length cDNA sequences of the heat shock cognate (hsc) 70 and heat shock protein (hsp) 70 genes were cloned from O. albistylum larvae. Relative levels of expression of hsc70 and hsp70 in the head, epidermis, midgut, and adipose tissue were measured by qRT-PCR after chronic and acute contamination of 5-8 instar larvae with chromium (Cr) solution, and under control conditions. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in chronically contaminated larvae were also measured. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the cloned hsc70 and hsp70 genes were highly homologous to known HSP70 family members reported in other insects. The mRNA levels of hsc70 and hsp70 did not differ significantly in various larval tissues. Under chronic chromium stress, hsc70 and hsp70 expression were upregulated to a maximum and then downregulated; hsp70 mRNA levels were higher than those of hsc70 at all concentrations of chromium. Under acute chromium stress, hsc70 expression was inhibited at low chromium concentrations and upregulated at chromium concentrations higher than 125 mg/L. However, hsp70 expression was higher than that in the control group and markedly higher than that of hsc70. Changes in SOD and CAT activities displayed consistent trends for different chronic chromium concentrations, first increasing and then decreasing over time. Collectively, these findings demonstrated the response of the HSP family of genes and antioxidant enzymes following exposure to heavy metal stress, as well as their potential applicability as biomarkers for monitoring environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ma
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Yanjuan Ding
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Fengjiao Xu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Ya Tang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Yanrong Chen
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Yating Wen
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Rufei Chen
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Shigui Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
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Chaudhary S, Selvaraj V, Awasthi P, Bhuria S, Purohit R, Kumar S, Hallan V. Small Heat Shock Protein (sHsp22.98) from Trialeurodes vaporariorum Plays Important Role in Apple Scar Skin Viroid Transmission. Viruses 2023; 15:2069. [PMID: 37896846 PMCID: PMC10611230 DOI: 10.3390/v15102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trialeurodes vaporariorum, commonly known as the greenhouse whitefly, severely infests important crops and serves as a vector for apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd). This vector-mediated transmission may cause the spread of infection to other herbaceous crops. For effective management of ASSVd, it is important to explore the whitefly's proteins, which interact with ASSVd RNA and are thereby involved in its transmission. In this study, it was found that a small heat shock protein (sHsp) from T. vaporariorum, which is expressed under stress, binds to ASSVd RNA. The sHsp gene is 606 bp in length and encodes for 202 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 22.98 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.95. Intermolecular interaction was confirmed through in silico analysis, using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and northwestern assays. The sHsp22.98 protein was found to exist in both monomeric and dimeric forms, and both forms showed strong binding to ASSVd RNA. To investigate the role of sHsp22.98 during ASSVd infection, transient silencing of sHsp22.98 was conducted, using a tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based virus-induced gene silencing system. The sHsp22.98-silenced whiteflies showed an approximate 50% decrease in ASSVd transmission. These results suggest that sHsp22.98 from T. vaporariorum is associated with viroid RNA and plays a significant role in transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Chaudhary
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, CSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India (R.P.)
| | - Vijayanandraj Selvaraj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India (R.P.)
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preshika Awasthi
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, CSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Bhuria
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India (R.P.)
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India (R.P.)
- Bioinformatics Lab, Division of Biotechnology, CSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Surender Kumar
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, CSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vipin Hallan
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, CSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India (R.P.)
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Campbell LI, Nwezeobi J, van Brunschot SL, Kaweesi T, Seal SE, Swamy RAR, Namuddu A, Maslen GL, Mugerwa H, Armean IM, Haggerty L, Martin FJ, Malka O, Santos-Garcia D, Juravel K, Morin S, Stephens ME, Muhindira PV, Kersey PJ, Maruthi MN, Omongo CA, Navas-Castillo J, Fiallo-Olivé E, Mohammed IU, Wang HL, Onyeka J, Alicai T, Colvin J. Comparative evolutionary analyses of eight whitefly Bemisia tabaci sensu lato genomes: cryptic species, agricultural pests and plant-virus vectors. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:408. [PMID: 37468834 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The group of > 40 cryptic whitefly species called Bemisia tabaci sensu lato are amongst the world's worst agricultural pests and plant-virus vectors. Outbreaks of B. tabaci s.l. and the associated plant-virus diseases continue to contribute to global food insecurity and social instability, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Published B. tabaci s.l. genomes have limited use for studying African cassava B. tabaci SSA1 species, due to the high genetic divergences between them. Genomic annotations presented here were performed using the 'Ensembl gene annotation system', to ensure that comparative analyses and conclusions reflect biological differences, as opposed to arising from different methodologies underpinning transcript model identification. RESULTS We present here six new B. tabaci s.l. genomes from Africa and Asia, and two re-annotated previously published genomes, to provide evolutionary insights into these globally distributed pests. Genome sizes ranged between 616-658 Mb and exhibited some of the highest coverage of transposable elements reported within Arthropoda. Many fewer total protein coding genes (PCG) were recovered compared to the previously published B. tabaci s.l. genomes and structural annotations generated via the uniform methodology strongly supported a repertoire of between 12.8-13.2 × 103 PCG. An integrative systematics approach incorporating phylogenomic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial markers supported a monophyletic Aleyrodidae and the basal positioning of B. tabaci Uganda-1 to the sub-Saharan group of species. Reciprocal cross-mating data and the co-cladogenesis pattern of the primary obligate endosymbiont 'Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum' from 11 Bemisia genomes further supported the phylogenetic reconstruction to show that African cassava B. tabaci populations consist of just three biological species. We include comparative analyses of gene families related to detoxification, sugar metabolism, vector competency and evaluate the presence and function of horizontally transferred genes, essential for understanding the evolution and unique biology of constituent B. tabaci. s.l species. CONCLUSIONS These genomic resources have provided new and critical insights into the genetics underlying B. tabaci s.l. biology. They also provide a rich foundation for post-genomic research, including the selection of candidate gene-targets for innovative whitefly and virus-control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahcen I Campbell
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Joachim Nwezeobi
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Sharon L van Brunschot
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tadeo Kaweesi
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
- Rwebitaba Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Susan E Seal
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
| | - Rekha A R Swamy
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
| | - Annet Namuddu
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gareth L Maslen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Habibu Mugerwa
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Irina M Armean
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leanne Haggerty
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fergal J Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Osnat Malka
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Diego Santos-Garcia
- CNRS, Laboratory of Biometry and Evolutionary Biology UMR 5558, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
- Center for Biology and Management of Populations, INRAe UMR1062, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Ksenia Juravel
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shai Morin
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Paul Visendi Muhindira
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul J Kersey
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, UK
| | - M N Maruthi
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
| | | | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical Y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Algarrobo-Costa, Spain
| | - Elvira Fiallo-Olivé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical Y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Algarrobo-Costa, Spain
| | | | - Hua-Ling Wang
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Joseph Onyeka
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Titus Alicai
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Colvin
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
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Kanakala S, Xavier CAD, Martin KM, Tran HH, Redinbaugh MG, Whitfield AE. Rescue of the first alphanucleorhabdovirus entirely from cloned complementary DNA: An efficient vector for systemic expression of foreign genes in maize and insect vectors. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:788-800. [PMID: 36239302 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent reverse genetics technologies have enabled genetic manipulation of plant negative-strand RNA virus (NSR) genomes. Here, we report construction of an infectious clone for the maize-infecting Alphanucleorhabdovirus maydis, the first efficient NSR vector for maize. The full-length infectious clone was established using agrobacterium-mediated delivery of full-length maize mosaic virus (MMV) antigenomic RNA and the viral core proteins (nucleoprotein N, phosphoprotein P, and RNA-directed RNA polymerase L) required for viral transcription and replication into Nicotiana benthamiana. Insertion of intron 2 ST-LS1 into the viral L gene increased stability of the infectious clone in Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. To monitor virus infection in vivo, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was inserted in between the N and P gene junctions to generate recombinant MMV-GFP. Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones of MMV-wild type (WT) and MMV-GFP replicated in single cells of agroinfiltrated N. benthamiana. Uniform systemic infection and high GFP expression were observed in maize inoculated with extracts of the infiltrated N. benthamiana leaves. Insect vectors supported virus infection when inoculated via feeding on infected maize or microinjection. Both MMV-WT and MMV-GFP were efficiently transmitted to maize by planthopper vectors. The GFP reporter gene was stable in the virus genome and expression remained high over three cycles of transmission in plants and insects. The MMV infectious clone will be a versatile tool for expression of proteins of interest in maize and cross-kingdom studies of virus replication in plant and insect hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapathrudu Kanakala
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - César A D Xavier
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen M Martin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hong Hanh Tran
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Ghosh S, Srinivasan R, Ghanim M. A C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci interacts with the capsid proteins of begomoviruses and inhibits virus retention. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:240-250. [PMID: 36571165 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Begomoviruses are a group of ssDNA viruses exclusively transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci and constrain vegetable production in the old and new worlds. Although multiple molecular determinants governing the transmission of begomoviruses by whiteflies have been unravelled, factors critical for transmission majorly remain unknown. In this study, a whitefly C2H2 zinc finger (ZF) protein, 100% identical to the vascular endothelial ZF-like gene (vezf) protein was confirmed to interact with the CP of both old- and new-world begomoviruses. This was achieved by a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system screening of a whitefly cDNA library using capsid protein (CP) of TYLCV as a bait. In silico annotation of vezf protein revealed that it contains a N-terminal ZF-associated domain (ZAD) alongside multiple C2H2 ZF domains on the C-terminal end. ZAD-ZF proteins form the most abundant class of transcription factors within insects. Herein, we validated the interaction of vezf with four diverse begomoviruses and its functional role in begomovirus transmission. Silencing of the vezf gene of B. tabaci led to increased retention of three diverse begomoviruses tested. Vezf is the first insect transcription factor identified to interact with plant viruses and can be crucial to understand the possible mechanisms by which plant viruses modulate transcription of their insect vectors during transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Ghosh
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
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Maurastoni M, Han J, Whitfield AE, Rotenberg D. A call to arms: novel strategies for thrips and tospovirus control. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 57:101033. [PMID: 37030512 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Thrips and the tospoviruses they transmit are some of the most significant threats to food and ornamental crop production globally. Control of the insect and virus is challenging and new strategies are needed. Characterizing the thrips-virus interactome provides new targets for disrupting the transmission cycle. Viral and insect determinants of vector competence are being defined, including the viral attachment protein and its structure as well as thrips proteins that interact with and respond to tospovirus infection. Additional thrips control strategies such as RNA interference need further refinement and field-applicable delivery systems, but they show promise for the knockdown of essential genes for thrips survival and virus transmission. The identification of a toxin that acts to deter thrips oviposition on cotton also presents new opportunities for control of this important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlonni Maurastoni
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jinlong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Dorith Rotenberg
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Feng H, Chen W, Hussain S, Shakir S, Tzin V, Adegbayi F, Ugine T, Fei Z, Jander G. Horizontally transferred genes as RNA interference targets for aphid and whitefly control. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:754-768. [PMID: 36577653 PMCID: PMC10037149 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based technologies are starting to be commercialized as a new approach for agricultural pest control. Horizontally transferred genes (HTGs), which have been transferred into insect genomes from viruses, bacteria, fungi or plants, are attractive targets for RNAi-mediated pest control. HTGs are often unique to a specific insect family or even genus, making it unlikely that RNAi constructs targeting such genes will have negative effects on ladybugs, lacewings and other beneficial predatory insect species. In this study, we sequenced the genome of a red, tobacco-adapted isolate of Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) and bioinformatically identified 30 HTGs. We then used plant-mediated virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to show that several HTGs of bacterial and plant origin are important for aphid growth and/or survival. Silencing the expression of fungal-origin HTGs did not affect aphid survivorship but decreased aphid reproduction. Importantly, although there was uptake of plant-expressed RNA by Coccinella septempunctata (seven-spotted ladybugs) via the aphids that they consumed, we did not observe negative effects on ladybugs from aphid-targeted VIGS constructs. To demonstrate that this approach is more broadly applicable, we also targeted five Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) HTGs using VIGS and demonstrated that knockdown of some of these genes affected whitefly survival. As functional HTGs have been identified in the genomes of numerous pest species, we propose that these HTGs should be explored further as efficient and safe targets for control of insect pests using plant-mediated RNA interference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNYUSA
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Sonia Hussain
- Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNYUSA
- Present address:
National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering CollegePakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied SciencesFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Sara Shakir
- Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNYUSA
- Present address:
Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech InstituteThe University of LiegeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Vered Tzin
- Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNYUSA
- Present address:
Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen‐Gurion University of the NegevSede BoqerIsrael
| | - Femi Adegbayi
- Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNYUSA
- Present address:
Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Todd Ugine
- Department of EntomologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
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8
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Thesnim P, Jangra S, Kumar M, Ghosh A. Effect of silencing Bemisia tabaci TLR3 and TOB1 on fitness and begomovirus transmission. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136262. [PMID: 36998692 PMCID: PMC10043976 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important invasive pests worldwide. It infests several vegetables, legumes, fiber, and ornamental crops. Besides causing direct damage by sucking plant sap, B. tabaci is the principal vector of begomoviruses. Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV, Begomovirus) transmitted by B. tabaci is a major constraint in chilli production. B. tabaci genes associated with metabolism, signaling pathways, cellular processes, and organismal systems are highly enriched in response to ChiLCV infection. The previous transcriptome study suggested the association of B. tabaci Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and transducer of erbB2.1 (TOB1) in ChiLCV infection. In the present study, B. tabaci TLR3 and TOB1 were silenced using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and the effect on fitness and begomovirus transmission has been reported. Oral delivery of dsRNA at 3 µg/mL reduced the expression of B. tabaci TLR3 and TOB1 by 6.77 and 3.01-fold, respectively. Silencing of TLR3 and TOB1 induced significant mortality in B. tabaci adults compared to untreated control. The ChiLCV copies in B. tabaci significantly reduced post-exposure to TLR3 and TOB1 dsRNAs. The ability of B. tabaci to transmit ChiLCV also declined post-silencing TLR3 and TOB1. This is the first-ever report of silencing B. tabaci TLR3 and TOB1 to induce mortality and impair virus transmission ability in B. tabaci. B. tabaci TLR3 and TOB1 would be novel genetic targets to manage B. tabaci and restrict the spread of begomovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathukandathil Thesnim
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Jangra
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amalendu Ghosh
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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9
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Tatineni S, Hein GL. Plant Viruses of Agricultural Importance: Current and Future Perspectives of Virus Disease Management Strategies. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:117-141. [PMID: 36095333 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-22-0167-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses cause significant losses in agricultural crops worldwide, affecting the yield and quality of agricultural products. The emergence of novel viruses or variants through genetic evolution and spillover from reservoir host species, changes in agricultural practices, mixed infections with disease synergism, and impacts from global warming pose continuous challenges for the management of epidemics resulting from emerging plant virus diseases. This review describes some of the most devastating virus diseases plus select virus diseases with regional importance in agriculturally important crops that have caused significant yield losses. The lack of curative measures for plant virus infections prompts the use of risk-reducing measures for managing plant virus diseases. These measures include exclusion, avoidance, and eradication techniques, along with vector management practices. The use of sensitive, high throughput, and user-friendly diagnostic methods is crucial for defining preventive and management strategies against plant viruses. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has great potential for detecting unknown viruses in quarantine samples. The deployment of genetic resistance in crop plants is an effective and desirable method of managing virus diseases. Several dominant and recessive resistance genes have been used to manage virus diseases in crops. Recently, RNA-based technologies such as dsRNA- and siRNA-based RNA interference, microRNA, and CRISPR/Cas9 provide transgenic and nontransgenic approaches for developing virus-resistant crop plants. Importantly, the topical application of dsRNA, hairpin RNA, and artificial microRNA and trans-active siRNA molecules on plants has the potential to develop GMO-free virus disease management methods. However, the long-term efficacy and acceptance of these new technologies, especially transgenic methods, remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Tatineni
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Gary L Hein
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
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10
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Qasim Aslam M, Hussain A, Akram A, Hussain S, Zahra Naqvi R, Amin I, Saeed M, Mansoor S. Cotton Mi-1.2-like Gene: A potential source of whitefly resistance. Gene 2023; 851:146983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Sun Y, Gong Y, He Q, Kuang S, Gao Q, Ding W, He H, Xue J, Li Y, Qiu L. FAR knockout significantly inhibits Chilo suppressalis survival and transgene expression of double-stranded FAR in rice exhibits strong pest resistance. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:2272-2283. [PMID: 36028465 PMCID: PMC9674317 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chilo suppressalis is one of the most prevalent and damaging rice pests, causing significant economic losses each year. Chemical control is currently the primary method of controlling C. suppressalis. However, the indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides increases pest resistance, pollutes the environment and poses a significant health threat to humans and livestock, highlighting the need to find safer, more pest-specific and more effective alternatives to pest control. Plant-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising agricultural pest control method that is highly pest-specific and has less of an impact on the environment. Using multi-sgRNAs/Cas9 technology to delete Fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) of C. suppressalis in the G0 generation, we show that downregulating FAR transcription may significantly increase the mortality rate and darken the epidermis of C. suppressalis compared with the control. Subsequently, we developed dsFAR transgenic rice lines using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and then screened three strains expressing dsFAR at high levels using transcriptional level analysis. Using transgenic rice stems, a laboratory feeding bioassay indicated that at least one line (L#10) displayed a particularly high level of insect resistance, with an insect mortality rate of more than 80%. In the field trials, dsFAR transgenic rice displayed high levels of resistance to C. suppressalis damage. Collectively, these results suggest the potential of a new environment-friendly, species-specific strategy for rice pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant ProtectionHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Youwei Gong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant ProtectionHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qingzhen He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant ProtectionHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Suijie Kuang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant ProtectionHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qiao Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant ProtectionHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wenbing Ding
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional IngredientsHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Biopesticide and Formulation ProcessingChangshaChina
| | - Hualiang He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant ProtectionHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jin Xue
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant ProtectionHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Youzhi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant ProtectionHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional IngredientsHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lin Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant ProtectionHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
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12
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Tian J, Dewer Y, Qu C, Li F, Luo C. Heat-shock protein 70-a hub gene-underwent adaptive evolution involved in whitefly-wild tomato interaction. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4471-4479. [PMID: 35796079 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The whitefly Bemisia tabaci causes severe damage to cultivated tomato plants, but actively avoids the wild tomato Solanum habrochaites. Moreover, the mortality of whitefly increases significantly after feeding with the wild tomato. However, additional experiments are warranted to more carefully elucidate the specific molecular elements underlying the interaction between whitefly and wild tomato. RESULTS Our results showed that S. habrochaites significantly increases the mortality of whitefly adults and decreases both their fertility and fecundity. In addition, the expression of stress-response genes in whitefly after exposure to S. habrochaites was analyzed using RNA sequencing. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to identify the hub genes to determine their potential associations with the mortality of whitefly. These results suggested that the expression of heat-shock protein (HSP), multicopper oxidase, and 2-Oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline (OHCU) decarboxylase genes were induced in whitefly. To validate the gene associations with whitefly mortality, a high-throughput in vivo model system and RNAi-based gene silencing were used. The results revealed that the RNAi-mediated depletion of the HSP gene, which belongs to the HSP70 subfamily, increased the mortality of whitefly. Furthermore, the selection pressure analysis showed that a total of five amino acid sites of positive selection were identified, three of which were located in the nucleotide-binding domain and the other two in the substrate-binding domain. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the potential implication of HSPs in whitefly-wild plant interactions. This study could more precisely identify the molecular mechanisms of whitefly in response to wild tomatoes. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Cheng Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Mahmood MA, Awan MJA, Mansoor S. BioClay: next-generation crop protection strategy. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1090-1092. [PMID: 35981953 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Whitefly and the viruses they transmit pose a serious threat to crops globally. Recently, Jain et al. showed that BioClay-mediated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) spray provides an eco-friendly approach to controlling whitefly. This 'transgene-free next-generation' insect-specific crop protection strategy may help to reduce the use of chemical pesticides for controlling whitefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan Mahmood
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Akbar Awan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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14
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Ding C, Song L, Li Y, Shen L, Liu D, Wang F, Lin Z, Yang J. Proteome-wide analysis of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation in Frankliniella occidentalis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:621. [PMID: 36038823 PMCID: PMC9422105 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a novel and conserved post-translational modification (PTM). Frankliniella occidentalis are economically important agricultural pests globally and also notorious for vectoring destructive plant viruses. To better study the disease transmission mechanism of F. occidentalis, it is necessary to conduct in-depth analysis of it. So far, no Khib modification of insects has been reported. RESULTS In this study, a proteome-wide analysis of Khib modifications in F. occidentalis was analyzed for the first time through the combination of high performance liquid chromatography fractionation technology and 2-hydroxyisobutyrylated peptide enrichment and other advanced technologies, 4093 Khib sites were identified on 1125 modified proteins. Bioinformatics and functional enrichment analyses showed that Khib-modified proteins were significantly enriched in many cell compartments and pathways, especially related to various cellular components and biological processes, and were more concentrated in ribosomes and proteasome subunits, involved in energy metabolism, protein synthesis and degradation, compared to the other nine species including Japonica rice, Homo sapiens, P. patens, Botrytis, Ustilaginoidea virens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, T. gondii, C. albicans, and F. oxysporum. And Khib sites on virus-interacting insect proteins were discovered for the first time, such as cyclophilin and endoCP-GN. CONCLUSIONS After three repeated experiments, we found a total of 4093 Khib sites on 1125 proteins. These modified proteins are mainly concentrated in ribosomes and proteasome subunits, and are widely involved in a variety of critical biological activities and metabolic processes of F. occidentalis. In addition, for the first time, Khib modification sites are found on the proteome of F. occidentalis, and these sites could be acted as for the virus interaction, including cyclophilin and endoCP-GN. The global map of 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation in thrips is an invaluable resource to better understand the biological processes of thrips and provide new means for disease control and mitigation of pest damage to crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Liyun Song
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Liangshan State Company of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Liangshan, 615000, China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Zhonglong Lin
- Country Yunnan Province Company of China Tobacco Corporation, Kunming, 650001, China.
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring, Controlling and Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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15
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Dong Y, Wu M, Zhang Q, Fu J, Loiacono FV, Yang Y, Wang Z, Li S, Chang L, Bock R, Zhang J. Control of a sap-sucking insect pest by plastid-mediated RNA interference. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1176-1191. [PMID: 35619559 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Expression of double-stranded RNAs in plastids offers great potential for the efficient control of chewing insects. However, many insect pests do not consume plant tissue but rather feed on the host plant by sucking sap from the vascular system. Whether or not plastid-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) can be employed to control sap-sucking insects is unknown. Here, we show that five species of sap-sucking hemipteran insects acquire plastid RNA upon feeding on plants. We generated both nuclear transgenic and transplastomic tobacco plants expressing double-stranded RNAs targeting the MpDhc64C gene, a newly identified efficient target gene of RNAi whose silencing causes lethality to the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. In a whole-plant bioassay, transplastomic plants exhibited significant resistance to aphids, as evidenced by reduced insect survival, impaired fecundity, and decreased weight of survivors. The protective effect was comparable with that conferred by the best-performing nuclear transgenic plants. We found that the proportion of aphids on mature leaves of transplastomic plants was significantly lower compared with that of nuclear transgenic plants. When aphids were allowed to infest only the mature leaves, transplastomic plants grew significantly faster and were overall better protected from the pest compared with nuclear transgenic plants. When monitored by electrical-penetration-graph analyses and aphid avoidance response experiments, the insects displayed remarkable alterations in feeding behavior, which was different in nuclear transgenic and transplastomic plants, likely reflecting specific avoidance strategies to toxic RNA molecules. Taken together, our study demonstrates that plastid-mediated RNAi provides an efficient strategy for controlling at least some sap-sucking insect pests, even though there is most likely no or only very little chloroplast RNA in the sap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jinqiu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - F Vanessa Loiacono
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zican Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ling Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ralph Bock
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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16
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Wang XR, Shao Y, Wang C, Liu YQ. Effects of heat stress on virus transmission and virus-mediated apoptosis in whitefly Bemisia tabaci. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21857. [PMID: 34859483 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a plant DNA virus of the genus Begomovirus, is transmitted by whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci species complex in a persistent manner. Our previous study indicated that activation of the apoptosis pathway in whiteflies could facilitate TYLCV accumulation and transmission. Considering that temperature change can influence the spread of insect-borne plant viruses, we focused on plant virus induced-apoptosis to investigate the underlying mechanism of temperature regulation on plant virus transmission via an insect vector. We found that heat stress (40°C) on whiteflies could facilitate TYLCV accumulation and increase transmission to tomato plants. Despite upregulation of caspase-1 and caspase-3 gene expression, heat stress failed to induce an increase in the activation of cleaved caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation in TYLCV-infected whiteflies. However, our data failed to determine the role of heat stress in apoptosis modulation of insect-plant virus interplay while still providing clues to understand insect vectors and their transmitted plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ru Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yue Shao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer Management Station of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin-Quan Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province; Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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17
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Wu M, Dong Y, Zhang Q, Li S, Chang L, Loiacono FV, Ruf S, Zhang J, Bock R. Efficient control of western flower thrips by plastid-mediated RNA interference. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120081119. [PMID: 35380896 PMCID: PMC9169809 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastid-mediated RNA interference (PM-RNAi) has emerged as a promising strategy for pest control. Expression from the plastid genome of stable double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeted against essential insect genes can effectively control some herbivorous beetles, but little is known about the efficacy of the transplastomic approach in other groups of pest insects, especially nonchewing insects that do not consume large amounts of leaf material. Here we have investigated the susceptibility of the western flower thrip (WFT, Frankliniella occidentalis), a notorious pest in greenhouses and open fields, to PM-RNAi. We show that WFTs ingest chloroplasts and take up plastid-expressed dsRNAs. We generated a series of transplastomic tobacco plants expressing dsRNAs and hairpin RNAs (hpRNAs) targeted against four essential WFT genes. Unexpectedly, we discovered plastid genome instability in transplastomic plants expressing hpRNAs, suggesting that dsRNA cassettes are preferable over hpRNA cassettes when designing PM-RNAi strategies. Feeding studies revealed that, unlike nuclear transgenic plants, transplastomic plants induced a potent RNAi response in WFTs, causing efficient suppression of the targeted genes and high insect mortality. Our study extends the application range of PM-RNAi technology to an important group of nonchewing insects, reveals design principles for the construction of dsRNA-expressing transplastomic plants, and provides an efficient approach to control one of the toughest insect pests in agriculture and horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Department III, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ling Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - F. Vanessa Loiacono
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Department III, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Department III, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ralph Bock
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Department III, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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18
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Chakraborty P, Ghosh A. Topical Spray of dsRNA Induces Mortality and Inhibits Chilli Leaf Curl Virus Transmission by Bemisia tabaci Asia II 1. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050833. [PMID: 35269455 PMCID: PMC8909865 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV; genus: Begomovirus), transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in a persistent-circulative manner, is a major constraint in chilli production. The present study demonstrates for the first time that a topical spray of naked double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) on chilli plants causes mortality and inability to acquire and transmit ChiLCV in B. tabaci. dsRNA targeting heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and fasciclin 2 (fas2) of B. tabaci Asia II 1 was first assessed under controlled conditions through oral delivery. Hsp70 and fas2 dsRNA resulted in up to 82.22% and 72% mortality of B. tabaci and around 12.4- and 8.5-fold decreases in mRNA levels, respectively, 24 h post-ingestion. ChiLCV copies in hsp70 dsRNA-fed B. tabaci steadily decreased with an increase in dsRNA concentration and were undetectable at a higher concentration of dsRNA. However, ChiLCV copies significantly increased in fas2 dsRNA-fed B. tabaci. Transmission of ChiLCV by B. tabaci was completely inhibited post-24 h feeding on hsp70 dsRNA at 3 μg/mL. Naked hsp70 dsRNA was topically sprayed on ChiLCV-infected chilli plants like an insecticide. 67.77% mortality of B. tabaci, 4.6-fold downregulation of hsp70 mRNA, and 1.34 × 1015-fold decreased ChiLCV copies in B. tabaci were recorded when adults were exposed to the dsRNA-treated plants under semi-field conditions. Foliar application of naked dsRNA reduced the ChiLCV transmission by 75% without any visible symptoms in the inoculated plants. A total of 2 consecutive sprays of dsRNA provided significant protection to B. tabaci for up to 20 days under semi-field conditions.
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19
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Dong B, Liu XY, Li B, Li MY, Li SG, Liu S. A heat shock protein protects against oxidative stress induced by lambda-cyhalothrin in the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 181:104995. [PMID: 35082025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a pyrethroid insecticide widely used to control insect pests. Insect exposure to LCT may cause abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and result in oxidative damage. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) may help protect against oxidative stress. However, little is known about the role of HSPs in response to LCT in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. This insect is an important agricultural pest causing severe yield losses in crops. In this study, we characterized a cDNA sequence (MpHsp70) encoding a member of the HSP70 family in M. persicae. MpHsp70 encoded a 623 amino acid protein putatively localized in the cytosol. The highest expression level of MpHsp70 occurred in fourth-instar nymphs. Treatment of M. persicae with LCT resulted in oxidative stress and significantly increased H2O2 and malondialdehyde levels. This led to an elevated transcription level of MpHsp70. Injection of H2O2 into M. persicae also upregulated the MpHsp70 expression level, suggesting that MpHsp70 is responsive to ROS, particularly H2O2, induced by LCT. Recombinant MpHSP70 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. E. coli cells overexpressing MpHSP70 exhibited significant tolerance to H2O2 and the ROS generators, cumene hydroperoxide and paraquat. This indicated that MpHSP70 protects against oxidative stress. Furthermore, knockdown of MpHsp70 by RNA interference resulted in increased susceptibility in apterous adults of M. persicae to LCT. These findings indicate that MpHsp70 plays an important role in defense against LCT-induced oxidative stress and insecticide susceptibility in M. persicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Dong
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xi-Ya Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Science and Technology, Sichuan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Mao-Ye Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shi-Guang Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Su Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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20
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Mao C, Zhu X, Wang P, Sun Y, Huang R, Zhao M, Hull JJ, Lin Y, Zhou F, Chen H, Ma W. Transgenic double-stranded RNA rice, a potential strategy for controlling striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:785-792. [PMID: 34713554 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the striped stem borer (SSB, Chilo suppressalis Walker) is a devastating pest of rice that causes significant economic losses, management options are currently limited. Plant-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is an emerging crop protection technique in which transgenic plants are modified to express insect-specific double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that trigger RNAi silencing in target pests. RESULT In this study, an RNAi-based screen of 35 candidate SSB genes identified a small heat shock protein gene (CssHsp) as a potential plant-based RNAi target. To assess its utility in planta, a total of 39 transgenic rice plants were generated, with 11 independent transformants found to contain a single copy of the dsCssHsp expression cassette. In life-time feeding bioassays, three transgenic lines (DS10, DS35, DS36) were found to have significant negative impacts on SSB populations. After feeding for 8 days, mortality in the three transgenic lines exceeded 60%. By pupation, mortality further increased to 90% and few SSB survived to eclosion. Gene expression analyses confirmed that CssHsp transcript levels were significantly reduced after feeding on the transgenic dsCssHsp rice. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the potential for developing a plant-mediated RNAi strategy targeting CssHsp as a more biorational field-based approach for SSB control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Renliang Huang
- Nanchang Subcenter of Rice National Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Rice Physiology and Genetics of Jiangxi Province, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingchao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Joe Hull
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Ferreira AL, de Faria JC, da Costa Moura M, de Mendonça Zaidem AL, Pizetta CSR, de Oliveira Freitas E, Coelho GRC, Silva JFAE, Barrigossi JAF, Hoffmann LV, de Souza TLPO, Aragão FJL, Pinheiro PV. Whitefly-tolerant transgenic common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris) line. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984804. [PMID: 36092396 PMCID: PMC9453422 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a staple food in Brazil with both nutritional and socioeconomic importance. As an orphan crop, it has not received as much research attention as the commodity crops. Crop losses are strongly related to virus diseases transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, one of the most important agricultural pests in the world. The main method of managing whitefly-transmitted viruses has been the application of insecticides to reduce vector populations. Compared to chemical vector control, a more sustainable strategy for managing insect-borne viruses is the development of resistant/tolerant cultivars. RNA interference has been applied to develop plant lines resistant to the whitefly in other species, such as tomato, lettuce and tobacco. Still, no whitefly-resistant plant has been made commercially available to date. Common bean is a recalcitrant species to in vitro regeneration; therefore, stable genetic transformation of this plant has been achieved only at low frequencies (<1%) using particle bombardment. In the present work, two transgenic common bean lines were obtained with an intron-hairpin construct to induce post-transcriptional gene silencing against the B. tabaci vATPase (Bt-vATPase) gene, with stable expression of siRNA. Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of bands of expected size for siRNA in leaf samples of the line Bt-22.5, while in the other line (11.5), the amount of siRNA produced was significantly smaller. Bioassays were conducted with both lines, but only the line Bt-22.5 was associated with significant mortality of adult insects (97% when insects were fed on detached leaves and 59% on the whole plant). The expression of the Bt-vATPase gene was 50% lower (p < 0.05) in insects that fed on the transgenic line Bt-22.5, when compared to non-transgenic controls. The transgenic line did not affect the virus transmission ability of the insects. Moreover, no effect was observed on the reproduction of non-target organisms, such as the black aphid Aphis craccivora, the leafminer Liriomyza sp. and the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa. The results presented here serve as a basis for the development of whitefly-tolerant transgenic elite common bean cultivars, with potential to contribute to the management of the whitefly and virus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elínea de Oliveira Freitas
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Applied to Tropical Agriculture, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francisco José Lima Aragão
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Applied to Tropical Agriculture, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Patricia Valle Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Entomology, Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Patricia Valle Pinheiro,
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22
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Challenges and opportunities for plant viruses under a climate change scenario. Adv Virus Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Differential expression of gut protein genes and population density of Arsenophonus contributes to sex-biased transmission of Bemisia tabaci vectored Cotton leaf curl virus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259374. [PMID: 34843507 PMCID: PMC8629229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an important pest of cotton causing direct damage as sap feeder and vector of Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV). Previous few studies suggest that female whiteflies are more efficient vector of begomovirusthan males, however the sex-biased transmission efficiency is still not clearly understood. Present studies with B. tabaci AsiaII-1 haplotype showed higher virus transmission efficiency of females compared to males. This variable begomovirus transmission efficiency has been related to previously identifiedkey factors associated with B. tabaci. The higher density of endosymbiont Arsenophonus and variable expression of some midgut proteins genes i.e. Cyclophilin, Knottin, Hsp40, Hsp70 may be possibly imparting higher vector competency to the females compared to males. The present studies suggest low abundance of Arsenophonus spp. as well as lower expressionof Cyclophilin genein males as compared to females. This is further supplemented by overexpression of Knottin, Hsp40, and Hsp70 genes in males compared to females and thus collectively all these factors might be playing a key role in low virus transmission efficiency of males. The relative density of Arsenophonus spp. and expression of midgut proteins genes in male and female whitefly first time enriches our understanding about sex-biased transmission efficiency of begomovirus.
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24
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Suhag A, Yadav H, Chaudhary D, Subramanian S, Jaiwal R, Jaiwal PK. Biotechnological interventions for the sustainable management of a global pest, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1228-1252. [PMID: 32696581 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) are polyphagous invasive hemipteran insects that cause serious losses of important crops by directly feeding on phloem sap and transmitting pathogenic viruses. These insects have emerged as a major threat to global agriculture and food security. Chemically synthesized insecticides are currently the only option to control whiteflies, but the ability of whiteflies to evolve resistance against insecticides has made the management of these insects very difficult. Natural host-plant resistance against whiteflies identified in some crop plants has not been exploited to a great extent. Genetic engineering approaches, such as transgenics and RNA interference (RNAi), are potentially useful for the control of whiteflies. Transgenic plants harboring insecticidal toxins/lectins developed via nuclear or chloroplast transformation are a promising vehicle for whitefly control. Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of several insect genes, delivered either through microinjection into the insect body cavity or orally via an artificial diet and transiently or stably expressed in transgenic plants, have controlled whiteflies in model plants and in some crops at the laboratory level, but not at the field level. In this review, we highlight the merits and demerits of each delivery method along with strategies for sustained delivery of dsRNAs via fungal entomopathogen/endosymbiont or nontransgenic RNAi approaches, foliar sprays, root absorption or nanocarriers as well as the factors affecting efficient RNAi and their biosafety issues. Genome sequencing and transcriptome studies of whitefly species are facilitating the selection of appropriate genes for RNAi and gene-editing technology for the efficient and resilient management of whiteflies and their transmitted viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Suhag
- Department of Zoology, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
| | - Honey Yadav
- Centre for Biotechnology, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
| | | | - S Subramanian
- Division of Entomology, Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pawan K Jaiwal
- Centre for Biotechnology, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
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25
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Hunter WB, Wintermantel WM. Optimizing Efficient RNAi-Mediated Control of Hemipteran Pests (Psyllids, Leafhoppers, Whitefly): Modified Pyrimidines in dsRNA Triggers. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091782. [PMID: 34579315 PMCID: PMC8472347 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The advantages from exogenously applied RNAi biopesticides have yet to be realized in through commercialization due to inconsistent activity of the dsRNA trigger, and the activity level of RNAi suppression. This has prompted research on improving delivery methods for applying exogenous dsRNA into plants and insects for the management of pests and pathogens. Another aspect to improve RNAi activity is the incorporation of modified 2′-F pyrimidine nucleotides into the dsRNA trigger. Modified dsRNA incorporating 32–55% of the 2′-F- nucleotides produced improved RNAi activity that increased insect mortality by 12–35% greater than non-modified dsRNA triggers of the same sequence. These results were repeatable across multiple Hemiptera: the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri, Liviidae); whitefly (Bemisia tabaci, Aleyroididae); and the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis, Cicadellidae). Studies using siRNA with modified 2′-F- pyrimidines in mammalian cells show they improved resistance to degradation from nucleases, plus result in greater RNAi activity, due to increase concentrations and improved binding affinity to the mRNA target. Successful RNAi biopesticides of the future will be able to increase RNAi repeatability in the field, by incorporating modifications of the dsRNA, such as 2′-F- pyrimidines, that will improve delivery after applied to fruit trees or crop plants, with increased activity after ingestion by insects. Costs of RNA modification have decreased significantly over the past few years such that biopesticides can now compete on pricing with commercial chemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Brian Hunter
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Subtropical Insects Res., Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - William M. Wintermantel
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research, Salinas, CA 93905, USA;
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26
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Xu M, Xie Y, Li Y, Shen L, Huang K, Lin Z, Li B, Xia C, Zhang X, Chi Y, Zhang B, Yang J. Proteomic Analysis of Histone Crotonylation Suggests Diverse Functions in Myzus persicae. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:16391-16401. [PMID: 34235310 PMCID: PMC8246447 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Myzus persicae is one of the most important economic pests of cultivated crops. In the present study, we used an integrated approach involving high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation, affinity enrichment, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics to carry out a comprehensive proteomic analysis of lysine crotonylation in M. persicae. Altogether, 7530 lysine crotonylation sites were identified in 2452 protein groups. Intensive bioinformatic analyses were then carried out to annotate those lysine crotonylated targets identified in terms of Gene Ontology annotation, domain annotation, subcellular localization, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway annotation, functional cluster analysis, etc. Analysis results showed that lysine-crotonylated proteins were involved in many biological processes, such as the amino acid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, spliceosomes, ribosomes, and so forth. Notably, the interaction network showed that there were 199 crotonylated proteins involved in the amino acid metabolism and numerous crotonylation targets associated with fatty acid biosynthesis and degradation. The results provide a system-wide view of the entire M. persicae crotonylome and a rich data set for functional analysis of crotonylated proteins in this economically important pest, which marks an important beginning for the further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Xu
- Tobacco
Research Institute of CAAS, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
- Shandong
Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Tobacco
Research Institute of CAAS, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Ying Li
- Tobacco
Research Institute of CAAS, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Tobacco
Research Institute of CAAS, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tobacco
Company of Yunnan Province, Honghe Company, Mile, Yunnan 652300, China
| | - Zhonglong Lin
- China
Tobacco Corporation Yunnan Company, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Bin Li
- China
Tobacco Corporation Sichuan Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Changjian Xia
- Haikou Cigar
Research Institute, Hainan Provincial Branch
of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Shandong
Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yucheng Chi
- Shandong
Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Qingdao
Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Tobacco
Research Institute of CAAS, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
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27
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Saurabh S, Mishra M, Rai P, Pandey R, Singh J, Khare A, Jain M, Singh PK. Tiny Flies: A Mighty Pest That Threatens Agricultural Productivity-A Case for Next-Generation Control Strategies of Whiteflies. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12070585. [PMID: 34203297 PMCID: PMC8307429 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite being a pest of global importance, effective management of whiteflies by the implication of environmentally friendly approaches is still a far-reaching task. In this review, we have tried to bring the readers’ attention to next-generation control strategies such as RNA interference and genetic modifications of plants for the expression of anti-whitefly proteins. These strategies offer huge promise to provide an effective and sustainable solution to the problem of whiteflies, either in isolation or in combination with other widely used practices under the regimes of integrated pest management. Focus has also been given to advanced technologies such as nanotechnology and genome editing, with promising prospects for field applications. The importance, applicability, and demand of these technologies for the control of whiteflies have been highlighted. We have also attempted to present the holistic picture of challenges in the path of commercial application of these promising technologies. To underline the pest status of whiteflies concisely, we have enlisted all economically important species of the pest along with their host plants/crops across the world. A comprehensive list of various insecticides of chemical, microbial, and botanical origin, applied in the field for the control of sweetpotato whitefly along with their resistance status, ecotoxicities, and effects on biological control agents, has been provided for readers. Abstract Whiteflies are a group of universally occurring insects that are considered to be a serious pest in their own way for causing both direct and indirect damages to crops. A few of them serve as vectors of plant viruses that are detrimental to the crop in question and cause an actual loss in productivity. A lot of attention is focused on pest control measures under the umbrella of IPM. In this review, we attempt to summarize the existing literature on how and why whiteflies are a serious concern for agriculture and society. We reviewed why there could be a need for fresh insight into the ways and means with which the pest can be combated. Here, we have emphasized next-generation strategies based on macromolecules, i.e., RNA interference and genetic engineering (for the expression of anti-whitefly proteins), as these strategies possess the greatest scope for research and improvement in the future. Recent scientific efforts based on nanotechnology and genome editing, which seem to offer great potential for whitefly/crop pest control, have been discussed. Comprehensive apprehensions related to obstacles in the path of taking lab-ready technologies into the farmers’ field have also been highlighted. Although the use of RNAi, GM crops, nanotechnologies, for the control of whiteflies needs to be evaluated in the field, there is an emerging range of possible applications with promising prospects for the control of these tiny flies that are mighty pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Saurabh
- Insect Defense Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 435, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (P.R.); (J.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Manisha Mishra
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Preeti Rai
- Insect Defense Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 435, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (P.R.); (J.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Rashmi Pandey
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Insect Defense Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 435, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (P.R.); (J.S.); (A.K.)
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akansha Khare
- Insect Defense Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 435, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (P.R.); (J.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Meeta Jain
- School of Biochemistry, Khandwa Rd., D.A.V.V., Bhawarkuwa, DAVV Takshila Parisar, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Pradhyumna Kumar Singh
- Insect Defense Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 435, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (P.R.); (J.S.); (A.K.)
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-7080844111
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28
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Heu CC, McCullough FM, Luan J, Rasgon JL. CRISPR-Cas9-Based Genome Editing in the Silverleaf Whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci). CRISPR J 2021; 3:89-96. [PMID: 32315225 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2019.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci cryptic species Middle East-Asia Minor I (MEAM1) is a serious agricultural polyphagous insect pest and vector of numerous plant viruses, causing major worldwide economic losses. B. tabaci control is limited by lack of robust gene editing tools. Gene editing is difficult in B. tabaci due to small embryos that are technically challenging to inject and which have high mortality post injection. We developed a CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing protocol based on injection of vitellogenic adult females rather than embryos ("ReMOT Control"). We identified an ovary-targeting peptide ligand ("BtKV") that, when fused to Cas9 and injected into adult females, transduced the ribonucleoprotein complex to the germline, resulting in efficient, heritable editing of the offspring genome. In contrast to embryo injection, adult injection is easy and does not require specialized equipment. Development of easy-to-use gene editing protocols for B. tabaci will allow researchers to apply the power of reverse genetic approaches to this species and will lead to novel control methods for this devastating pest insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan C Heu
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francine M McCullough
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Junbo Luan
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.,College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jason L Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Rajarapu SP, Ullman DE, Uzest M, Rotenberg D, Ordaz NA, Whitfield AE. Plant–Virus–Vector Interactions. Virology 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119818526.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Liang S, Luo J, Alariqi M, Xu Z, Wang A, Zafar MN, Ren J, Wang F, Liu X, Xin Y, Xu H, Guo W, Wang Y, Ma W, Chen L, Lindsey K, Zhang X, Jin S. Silencing of a LIM gene in cotton exhibits enhanced resistance against Apolygus lucorum. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5921-5936. [PMID: 33481281 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant bugs (Miridae species) have become major agricultural pests that cause increasing and severe economic damage. Plant-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is emerging as an eco-friendly, efficient, and reliable strategy for pest management. In this study, we isolated and characterized a lethal gene of Apolygus lucorum and named it Apolygus lucorum LIM (AlLIM), which produced A. lucorum mortality rates ranging from 38% to 81%. Downregulation of the AlLIM gene expression in A. lucorum by injection of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) led to muscle structural disorganization that resulted in metamorphosis deficiency and increased mortality. Then we constructed a plant expression vector that enabled transgenic cotton to highly and stably express dsRNA of AlLIM (dsAlLIM) by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. In the field bioassay, dsAlLIM transgenic cotton was protected from A. lucorum damage with high efficiency, with almost no detectable yield loss. Therefore, our study successfully provides a promising genetically modified strategy to overpower A. lucorum attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,Academy of Industry innovation and Development, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muna Alariqi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongping Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Naeem Zafar
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fuqiu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfeng Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haonan Xu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weifeng Guo
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Kliot A, Johnson RS, MacCoss MJ, Kontsedalov S, Lebedev G, Czosnek H, Heck M, Ghanim M. A proteomic approach reveals possible molecular mechanisms and roles for endosymbiotic bacteria in begomovirus transmission by whiteflies. Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa124. [PMID: 33185242 PMCID: PMC7662926 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many plant viruses are vector-borne and depend on arthropods for transmission between host plants. Begomoviruses, the largest, most damaging and emerging group of plant viruses, infect hundreds of plant species, and new virus species of the group are discovered each year. Begomoviruses are transmitted by members of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex in a persistent-circulative manner. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most devastating begomoviruses worldwide and causes major losses in tomato crops, as well as in many agriculturally important plant species. Different B. tabaci populations vary in their virus transmission abilities; however, the causes for these variations are attributed among others to genetic differences among vector populations, as well as to differences in the bacterial symbionts housed within B. tabaci. RESULTS Here, we performed discovery proteomic analyses in 9 whitefly populations from both Middle East Asia Minor I (MEAM1, formerly known as B biotype) and Mediterranean (MED, formerly known as Q biotype) species. We analysed our proteomic results on the basis of the different TYLCV transmission abilities of the various populations included in the study. The results provide the first comprehensive list of candidate insect and bacterial symbiont (mainly Rickettsia) proteins associated with virus transmission. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that the proteomic signatures of better vector populations differ considerably when compared with less efficient vector populations in the 2 whitefly species tested in this study. While MEAM1 efficient vector populations have a more lenient immune system, the Q efficient vector populations have higher abundance of proteins possibly implicated in virus passage through cells. Both species show a strong link of the facultative symbiont Rickettsia to virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Kliot
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim Rd., Rishon LeZion, 50250, Israel
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Genomic Pipelines, Earlham Institute, Colney lane, Norwich, NR7 4UH, UK
| | - Richard S Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Foege Building, 98195-5065 Seattle, USA
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Foege Building, 98195-5065 Seattle, USA
| | - Svetlana Kontsedalov
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim Rd., Rishon LeZion, 50250, Israel
| | - Galina Lebedev
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim Rd., Rishon LeZion, 50250, Israel
| | - Henryk Czosnek
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michelle Heck
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, HaMacabim Rd., Rishon LeZion, 50250, Israel
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Mondal M, Brown JK, Flynt A. Exploiting somatic piRNAs in Bemisia tabaci enables novel gene silencing through RNA feeding. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/10/e202000731. [PMID: 32764103 PMCID: PMC7425214 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RNAi usually relies on Dicer-produced siRNAs to induce gene silencing. In many arthropods, another type of RNAi is present in the soma—the piRNA pathway. This work finds exploiting this biology is a viable alternative for gene knockdown. RNAi promises to reshape pest control by being nontoxic, biodegradable, and species specific. However, due to the plastic nature of RNAi, there is a significant variability in responses. In this study, we investigate small RNA pathways and processing of ingested RNAi trigger molecules in a hemipteran plant pest, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Unlike Drosophila, where the paradigm for insect RNAi technology was established, whitefly has abundant somatic piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs). Long regarded as germline restricted, piRNAs are common in the soma of many invertebrates. We sought to exploit this for a novel gene silencing approach. The main principle of piRNA biogenesis is the recruitment of target RNA fragments into the pathway. As such, we designed synthetic RNAs to possess complementarity to the loci we annotated. Following feeding of these exogenous piRNA triggers knockdown as effective as conventional siRNA-only approaches was observed. These results demonstrate a new approach for RNAi technology that could be applicable to dsRNA-recalcitrant pest species and could be fundamental to realizing insecticidal RNAi against pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosharrof Mondal
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Judith K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alex Flynt
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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Kaur R, Gupta M, Singh S, Joshi N, Sharma A. Enhancing RNAi Efficiency to Decipher the Functional Response of Potential Genes in Bemisia tabaci AsiaII-1 (Gennadius) Through dsRNA Feeding Assays. Front Physiol 2020; 11:123. [PMID: 32194431 PMCID: PMC7061899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a global invasive pest that causes substantial losses to agricultural crops worldwide either by direct feeding or vectoring numerous plant viruses. Management with insecticides remains a big challenge due to its rapid resistance development potential as well as the impact of these chemicals on non-target organisms. Thus, in search of alternate and novel pest management strategies RNA interference (RNAi) has come up as potential future tool in this direction. The present study targets nine potential genes (Aquaporin (AQP), Calcitonin (CAL), CyclophilinB (CYCP), Knottin-1 (k-1), Heat shock proteins (Hsp20, Hsp40 and Hsp70), SWItch/Sucrose Non-fermentable (SNF7) and inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) of whitefly that have been implicated to play a role in various vital physiological functions and virus transmission. The RNAi mediated knockdown efficiency of these genes has been improved through the conjugation of respective target gene dsRNA with CQD (carbon quantum dots) nanoparticles or simultaneous knockdown of dsRNA specific gut nucleases. The studies revealed that feeding of dsRNA (40 μg/ml sucrose diet) of the target gene(s) either conjugated with CQD or along with dsRNA against dsRNase (dsdsRNase) (40 μg/ml sucrose diet) enhanced the RNAi efficiency by 24-89% compared to whiteflies fed with naked dsRNA of the same target gene. The studies provide insights about the functional role of various genes in whitefly, which can possibly be exploited for the management of this pest in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Mridula Gupta
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot, India
| | - Satnam Singh
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Faridkot, India
| | - Neelam Joshi
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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