1
|
Oh SB, Cho S, Kim HJ, Kim SJ. Differential expression of the enzymes regulating myosin light chain phosphorylation are responsible for the slower relaxation of pulmonary artery than mesenteric artery in rats. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 28:49-57. [PMID: 38154964 PMCID: PMC10762492 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2024.28.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
While arterial tone is generally determined by the phosphorylation of Ser19 in myosin light chain (p-MLC2), Thr18/Ser19 diphosphorylation of MLC2 (pp-MLC2) has been suggested to hinder the relaxation of smooth muscle. In a dual-wire myography of rodent pulmonary artery (PA) and mesenteric artery (MA), we noticed significantly slower relaxation in PA than in MA after 80 mM KCl-induced condition (80K-contraction). Thus, we investigated the MLC2 phosphorylation and the expression levels of its regulatory enzymes; soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), Rho-A dependent kinase (ROCK) and myosin light chain phosphatase target regulatory subunit (MYPT1). Immunoblotting showed higher sGC-α and ROCK2 in PA than MA, while sGC-β and MYPT1 levels were higher in MA than in PA. Interestingly, the level of pp-MLC2 was higher in PA than in MA without stimulation. In the 80K-contraction state, the levels of p-MLC2 and pp-MLC2 were commonly increased. Treatment with the ROCK inhibitor (Y27632, 10 μM) reversed the higher pp-MLC2 in PA. In the myography study, pharmacological inhibition of sGC (ODQ, 10 μM) slowed relaxation during washout, which was more pronounced in PA than in MA. The simultaneous treatment of Y27632 and ODQ reversed the impaired relaxation in PA and MA. Although treatment of PA with Y27632 alone could increase the rate of relaxation, it was still slower than that of MA without Y27632 treatment. Taken together, we suggest that the higher ROCK and lower MYPT in PA would have induced the higher level of MLC2 phosphorylation, which is responsible for the characteristic slow relaxation in PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Beom Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Suhan Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hyun Jong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeng C, Liu J, Zheng X, Hu X, He Y. Prostaglandin and prostaglandin receptors: present and future promising therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Res 2023; 24:263. [PMID: 37915044 PMCID: PMC10619262 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH), is a type of pulmonary vascular disease characterized by abnormal contraction and remodeling of the pulmonary arterioles, manifested by pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and increased pulmonary arterial pressure, eventually leading to right heart failure or even death. The mechanisms involved in this process include inflammation, vascular matrix remodeling, endothelial cell apoptosis and proliferation, vasoconstriction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and hypertrophy. In this study, we review the mechanisms of action of prostaglandins and their receptors in PAH. MAIN BODY PAH-targeted therapies, such as endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, activators of soluble guanylate cyclase, prostacyclin, and prostacyclin analogs, improve PVR, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and the six-minute walk distance, cardiac output and exercise capacity and are licensed for patients with PAH; however, they have not been shown to reduce mortality. Current treatments for PAH primarily focus on inhibiting excessive pulmonary vasoconstriction, however, vascular remodeling is recalcitrant to currently available therapies. Lung transplantation remains the definitive treatment for patients with PAH. Therefore, it is imperative to identify novel targets for improving pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH. Studies have confirmed that prostaglandins and their receptors play important roles in the occurrence and development of PAH through vasoconstriction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. CONCLUSION Prostacyclin and related drugs have been used in the clinical treatment of PAH. Other prostaglandins also have the potential to treat PAH. This review provides ideas for the treatment of PAH and the discovery of new drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xialei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhu He
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Middle Ren-min Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cho S, Oh SB, Kim HJ, Kim SJ. T18/S19 diphosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain impairs pulmonary artery relaxation in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1097-1112. [PMID: 37422604 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of Ser19 (S19-p) on the myosin regulatory light chain (MLC2) is critical for arterial contraction. It has been shown that elevated RhoA-dependent kinase (ROCK) activity or decreased MLC phosphatase (MLCP) activity leads to further phosphorylation of Thr18 (T18/S19-pp), which has been linked to vasospastic diseases. However, this phenomenon has not yet been studied in the context of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In the monocrotaline-induced PAH (PAH-MCT) rat model, we observed a significant delay in pulmonary artery (PA) relaxation following high potassium-induced contraction, which persisted even with the use of an L-type calcium channel blocker or in a calcium-free solution. Immunoblot analysis showed increased levels of both S19-p and T18/S19-pp in unstimulated PAs from PAH-MCT rats. Proteomics analysis revealed a reduction in soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and protein kinase G (PKG) levels, and immunoblotting confirmed decreased levels of MYPT1 (a component of MLCP) and increased ROCK in PAH-MCT. In the control PAs, the pharmacological inhibition of sGC with ODQ resulted in a prominent delay of relaxation and increased T18/S19-pp as in PAH-MCT. The delayed relaxation and the T18/S19-pp in PAH-MCT were reversed by ROCK inhibitor, Y27632, while not by membrane permeable 8-Br-cGMP. The delayed relaxation and T18/S19-diP in the ODQ-treated control PA were also reversed by Y27632. Taken together, the decreased sGC and MLCP, and increased ROCK increased T18/S19-pp, which leads to the decreased ability of PA to relax in PAH-MCT rats. PA specific inhibition of ROCK or activation of MLCP are expected to serve as potential drugs in the treatment of PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhan Cho
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Seung Beom Oh
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, MO, Columbia, USA
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdelazeem H, Tu L, Thuillet R, Ottaviani M, Boulfrad A, Beck T, Senbel A, Mani S, Castier Y, Guyard A, Tran-Dinh A, El-Benna J, Longrois D, Silverstein AM, Guignabert C, Norel X. AMPK activation by metformin protects against pulmonary hypertension in rats and relaxes isolated human pulmonary artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 946:175579. [PMID: 36914083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with pulmonary vasoconstriction and endothelial dysfunction leading to impaired nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) pathways. Metformin, the first line treatment for type 2 diabetes and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has been recently highlighted as a potential PH treatment. AMPK activation has been reported to improve endothelial function by enhancing endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity and to have relaxant effects in blood vessels. In this study, we examined the effect of metformin treatment on PH as well as on NO and PGI2 pathways in monocrotaline (MCT)-injected rats with established PH. Moreover, we investigated the anti-contractile effects of AMPK activators on endothelium-denuded human pulmonary arteries (HPA) from Non-PH and Group 3 PH patients (due to lung diseases and/or hypoxia). Furthermore, we explored the interaction between treprostinil and the AMPK/eNOS pathway. Our results showed that metformin protected against PH progression in MCT rats where it reduced the mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis compared to vehicle-treated MCT rats. The protective effects on rat lungs were mediated in part by increasing eNOS activity and protein kinase G-1 expression but not through the PGI2 pathway. In addition, incubation with AMPK activators reduced the phenylephrine-induced contraction of endothelium-denuded HPA from Non-PH and PH patients. Finally, treprostinil also augmented eNOS activity in HPA smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, we found that AMPK activation can enhance the NO pathway, attenuate vasoconstriction by direct effects on smooth muscles, and reverse established MCT-induced PH in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abdelazeem
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mina Ottaviani
- INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Achraf Boulfrad
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Beck
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Amira Senbel
- Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salma Mani
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France; Université de Monastir-Tunisia, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Tunisia
| | - Yves Castier
- Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alice Guyard
- Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexy Tran-Dinh
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France; Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Dan Longrois
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France; Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Xavier Norel
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mechanism of Hypoxia-Mediated Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Leading to Vascular Remodeling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3959845. [PMID: 36593773 PMCID: PMC9805398 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3959845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling refers to changes in the size, contraction, distribution, and flow rate of blood vessels and even changes in vascular function. Vascular remodeling can cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It can also lead to other systemic diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, and ascites of broilers. Hypoxia is one of the main causes of vascular remodeling. Prolonged hypoxia or intermittent hypoxia can lead to loss of lung ventilation, causing respiratory depression, irregular respiratory rhythms, and central respiratory failure. Animals that are unable to adapt to the highland environment are also prone to sustained constriction of the small pulmonary arteries, increased resistance to pulmonary circulation, and impaired blood circulation, leading to pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure if they live in a highland environment for long periods of time. However, limited studies have been found on the relationship between hypoxia and vascular remodeling. Therefore, this review will explore the relationship between hypoxia and vascular remodeling from the aspects of endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal calcium channel, disordered cellular metabolism, abnormal expression of miRNA, and other factors. This will help to understand the detailed mechanism of hypoxia-mediated smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular remodeling for the better treatment and management of diseases due to vascular remodeling.
Collapse
|