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Belosludtsev KN, Ilzorkina AI, Matveeva LA, Chulkov AV, Semenova AA, Dubinin MV, Belosludtseva NV. Effect of VBIT-4 on the functional activity of isolated mitochondria and cell viability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184329. [PMID: 38679309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
VBIT-4 is a new inhibitor of the oligomerization of VDAC proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane preventing the development of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death in various pathologies. However, as a VDAC inhibitor, VBIT-4 may itself cause mitochondrial dysfunction in healthy cells. The article examines the effect of VBIT-4 on the functional activity of rat liver mitochondria and cell cultures. We have demonstrated that high concentrations of VBIT-4 (15-30 μM) suppressed mitochondrial respiration in state 3 and 3UDNP driven by substrates of complex I and II. VBIT-4 induced depolarization of organelles fueled by substrates of complex I but not complex II of the respiratory chain. VBIT-4 has been found to inhibit the activity of complexes I, III, and IV of the respiratory chain. Molecular docking demonstrated that VBIT-4 interacts with the rotenone-binding site in complex I with similar affinity. 15-30 μM VBIT-4 caused an increase in H2O2 production in mitochondria, decreased the Ca2+ retention capacity, but increased the time of Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial swelling. We have found that the incubation of breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) with 30 μM VBIT-4 for 48 h led to the decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in ROS production and death of MCF-7 cells. The mechanism of action of VBIT-4 on mitochondria and cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna I Ilzorkina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
| | | | | | - Alena A Semenova
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El 424001, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Dubinin
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El 424001, Russia
| | - Natalia V Belosludtseva
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El 424001, Russia; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
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2
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Zhang L, Ren C, Liu J, Huang S, Wu C, Zhang J. Development and therapeutic implications of small molecular inhibitors that target calcium-related channels in tumor treatment. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103995. [PMID: 38670255 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Calcium ion dysregulation exerts profound effects on various physiological activities such as tumor proliferation, migration, and drug resistance. Calcium-related channels play a regulatory role in maintaining calcium ion homeostasis, with most channels being highly expressed in tumor cells. Additionally, these channels serve as potential drug targets for the development of antitumor medications. In this review, we first discuss the current research status of these pathways, examining how they modulate various tumor functions such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metabolism, and drug resistance. Simultaneously, we summarize the recent progress in the study of novel small-molecule drugs over the past 5 years and their current status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Zhang
- China Medical University-Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chengyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Yan H, Wei Y, Wei X. Decoding mitochondria's role in immunity and cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189107. [PMID: 38734035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The functions of mitochondria, including energy production and biomolecule synthesis, have been known for a long time. Given the rising incidence of cancer, the role of mitochondria in cancer has become increasingly popular. Activated by components released by mitochondria, various pathways interact with each other to induce immune responses to protect organisms from attack. However, mitochondria play dual roles in the progression of cancer. Abnormalities in proteins, which are the elementary structures of mitochondria, are closely linked with oncogenesis. Both the aberrant accumulation of intermediates and mutations in enzymes result in the generation and progression of cancer. Therefore, targeting mitochondria to treat cancer may be a new strategy. Several drugs aimed at inhibiting mutated enzymes and accumulated intermediates have been tested clinically. Here, we discuss the current understanding of mitochondria in cancer and the interactions between mitochondrial functions, immune responses, and oncogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss mitochondria as hopeful targets for cancer therapy, providing insights into the progression of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hong Yan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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4
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Zorova LD, Abramicheva PA, Andrianova NV, Babenko VA, Zorov SD, Pevzner IB, Popkov VA, Semenovich DS, Yakupova EI, Silachev DN, Plotnikov EY, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB. Targeting Mitochondria for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:444. [PMID: 38675106 PMCID: PMC11054825 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing accumulation of data on the exceptional importance of mitochondria in the occurrence and treatment of cancer, and in all lines of evidence for such participation, there are both energetic and non-bioenergetic functional features of mitochondria. This analytical review examines three specific features of adaptive mitochondrial changes in several malignant tumors. The first feature is characteristic of solid tumors, whose cells are forced to rebuild their energetics due to the absence of oxygen, namely, to activate the fumarate reductase pathway instead of the traditional succinate oxidase pathway that exists in aerobic conditions. For such a restructuring, the presence of a low-potential quinone is necessary, which cannot ensure the conventional conversion of succinate into fumarate but rather enables the reverse reaction, that is, the conversion of fumarate into succinate. In this scenario, complex I becomes the only generator of energy in mitochondria. The second feature is the increased proliferation in aggressive tumors of the so-called mitochondrial (peripheral) benzodiazepine receptor, also called translocator protein (TSPO) residing in the outer mitochondrial membrane, the function of which in oncogenic transformation stays mysterious. The third feature of tumor cells is the enhanced retention of certain molecules, in particular mitochondrially directed cations similar to rhodamine 123, which allows for the selective accumulation of anticancer drugs in mitochondria. These three features of mitochondria can be targets for the development of an anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubava D. Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina A. Abramicheva
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Nadezda V. Andrianova
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Valentina A. Babenko
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Savva D. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina B. Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Semenovich
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Elmira I. Yakupova
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Mitaishvili E, Feinsod H, David Z, Shpigel J, Fernandez C, Sauane M, de la Parra C. The Molecular Mechanisms behind Advanced Breast Cancer Metabolism: Warburg Effect, OXPHOS, and Calcium. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2024; 29:99. [PMID: 38538285 PMCID: PMC10999756 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2903099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Altered metabolism represents a fundamental difference between cancer cells and normal cells. Cancer cells have a unique ability to reprogram their metabolism by deviating their reliance from primarily oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis, in order to support their survival. This metabolic phenotype is referred to as the "Warburg effect" and is associated with an increase in glucose uptake, and a diversion of glycolytic intermediates to alternative pathways that support anabolic processes. These processes include synthesis of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, necessary for the rapidly dividing cancer cells, sustaining their growth, proliferation, and capacity for successful metastasis. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, with the poorest patient outcome due to its high rate of metastasis. TNBC is characterized by elevated glycolysis and in certain instances, low OXPHOS. This metabolic dysregulation is linked to chemotherapeutic resistance in TNBC research models and patient samples. There is more than a single mechanism by which this metabolic switch occurs and here, we review the current knowledge of relevant molecular mechanisms involved in advanced breast cancer metabolism, focusing on TNBC. These mechanisms include the Warburg effect, glycolytic adaptations, microRNA regulation, mitochondrial involvement, mitochondrial calcium signaling, and a more recent player in metabolic regulation, JAK/STAT signaling. In addition, we explore some of the drugs and compounds targeting cancer metabolic reprogramming. Research on these mechanisms is highly promising and could ultimately offer new opportunities for the development of innovative therapies to treat advanced breast cancer characterized by dysregulated metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Mitaishvili
- Department of Chemistry, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10468, USA
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hanna Feinsod
- Department of Chemistry, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10468, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zachary David
- Department of Chemistry, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10468, USA
| | - Jessica Shpigel
- Department of Chemistry, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10468, USA
| | - Chelsea Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10468, USA
| | - Moira Sauane
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10468, USA
| | - Columba de la Parra
- Department of Chemistry, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10468, USA
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- PhD Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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6
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Chakraborty P, Lubna S, Bhuin S, K. D, Chakravarty M, Jamma T, Yogeeswari P. Targeting hexokinase 2 for oral cancer therapy: structure-based design and validation of lead compounds. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1346270. [PMID: 38529190 PMCID: PMC10961359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1346270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of small molecule inhibitors targeting hexokinase 2 (HK2) has significantly captivated the field of cancer drug discovery. Nevertheless, the creation of selective inhibitors aimed at specific isoforms of hexokinase (HK) remains a formidable challenge. Here, we present a multiple-pharmacophore modeling approach for designing ligands against HK2 with a marked anti-proliferative effect on FaDu and Cal27 oral cancer cell lines. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that the prototype ligand exhibited a higher affinity towards HK2. Complementing this, we put forth a sustainable synthetic pathway: an environmentally conscious, single-step process facilitated through a direct amidation of the ester with an amine under transition-metal-free conditions with an excellent yield in ambient temperature, followed by a column chromatography avoided separation technique of the identified lead bioactive compound (H2) that exhibited cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We observed that the inhibition of HK2 led to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitophagy as a potential mechanism of anticancer action. The lead H2 also reduced the growth of spheroids. Collectively, these results indicated the proof-of-concept for the prototypical lead towards HK2 inhibition with anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purbali Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, India
- Cancer Research Group, Centre for Human Diseases Research, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, India
| | - Syeda Lubna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shouvik Bhuin
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, India
| | - Deepika K.
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manab Chakravarty
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, India
| | - Trinath Jamma
- Cancer Research Group, Centre for Human Diseases Research, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, India
| | - Perumal Yogeeswari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, India
- Cancer Research Group, Centre for Human Diseases Research, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, India
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7
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Sousa AD, Costa AL, Costa V, Pereira C. Prediction and biological analysis of yeast VDAC1 phosphorylation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109914. [PMID: 38290597 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial outer membrane protein porin 1 (Por1), the yeast orthologue of mammalian voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), is the major permeability pathway for the flux of metabolites and ions between cytosol and mitochondria. In yeast, several Por1 phosphorylation sites have been identified. Protein phosphorylation is a major modification regulating a variety of biological activities, but the potential biological roles of Por1 phosphorylation remains unaddressed. In this work, we analysed 10 experimentally observed phosphorylation sites in yeast Por1 using bioinformatics tools. Two of the residues, T100 and S133, predicted to reduce and increase pore permeability, respectively, were validated using biological assays. In accordance, Por1T100D reduced mitochondrial respiration, while Por1S133E phosphomimetic mutant increased it. Por1T100A expression also improved respiratory growth, while Por1S133A caused defects in all growth conditions tested, notably in fermenting media. In conclusion, we found phosphorylation has the potential to modulate Por1, causing a marked effect on mitochondrial function. It can also impact on cell morphology and growth both in respiratory and, unpredictably, also in fermenting conditions, expanding our knowledge on the role of Por1 in cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- André D Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luisa Costa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Costa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
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8
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Ventura C, Junco M, Santiago Valtierra FX, Gooz M, Zhiwei Y, Townsend DM, Woster PM, Maldonado EN. Synergism of small molecules targeting VDAC with sorafenib, regorafenib or lenvatinib on hepatocarcinoma cell proliferation and survival. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176034. [PMID: 37652292 PMCID: PMC10586475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) in the outer mitochondrial membrane regulate the influx of metabolites that sustain mitochondrial metabolism and the efflux of ATP to the cytosol. Free tubulin and NADH close VDAC. The VDAC-binding small molecules X1 and SC18 modulate mitochondrial metabolism. X1 antagonizes the inhibitory effect of tubulin on VDAC. SC18 occupies an NADH-binding pocket in the inner wall of all VDAC isoforms. Here, we hypothesized that X1 and SC18 have a synergistic effect with sorafenib, regorafenib or lenvatinib to arrest proliferation and induce death in hepatocarcinoma cells. We used colony formation assays to determine cell proliferation, and a combination of calcein/propidium iodide, and trypan blue exclusion to assess cell death in the well differentiated Huh7 and the poorly differentiated SNU-449 cells. Synergism was assessed using the Chou-Talalay method. The inhibitory effect of X1, SC18, sorafenib, regorafenib and lenvatinib was concentration and time dependent. IC50s calculated from the inhibition of clonogenic capacity were lower than those determined from cell survival. At IC50s that inhibited cell proliferation, SC18 arrested cells in G0/G1. SC18 at 0.25-2 IC50s had a synergistic effect with sorafenib on clonogenic inhibition in Huh7 and SNU-449 cells, and with regorafenib or lenvatinib in SNU-449 cells. X1 or SC18 also had synergistic effects with sorafenib on promoting cell death at 0.5-2 IC50s for SC18 in Huh7 and SNU-449 cells. These results suggest that small molecules targeting VDAC represent a potential new class of drugs to treat liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ventura
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Institute for Immunological and Physiopathological Studies (IIFP), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - M Junco
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - F X Santiago Valtierra
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Y Zhiwei
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - D M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - P M Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - E N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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9
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Zhang JZ, Ong SE, Baker D, Maly DJ. Single-cell signaling analysis reveals that Major Vault Protein facilitates RasG12C inhibitor resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560617. [PMID: 37873412 PMCID: PMC10592919 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently developed covalent inhibitors for RasG12C provide the first pharmacological tools to target mutant Ras-driven cancers. However, the rapid development of resistance to current clinical Ras G12C inhibitors is common. Presumably, a subpopulation of RasG12C-expressing cells adapt their signaling to evade these inhibitors and the mechanisms for this phenomenon are unclear due to the lack of tools that can measure signaling with single-cell resolution. Here, we utilized recently developed Ras sensors to profile the environment of active Ras and to measure the activity of endogenous Ras in order to pair structure (Ras signalosome) to function (Ras activity), respectively, at a single-cell level. With this approach, we identified a subpopulation of KRasG12C cells treated with RasG12C-GDP inhibitors underwent oncogenic signaling and metabolic changes driven by WT Ras at the golgi and mutant Ras at the mitochondria, respectively. Our Ras sensors identified Major Vault Protein (MVP) as a mediator of Ras activation at both compartments by scaffolding Ras signaling pathway components and metabolite channels. We found that recently developed RasG12C-GTP inhibitors also led to MVP-mediated WT Ras signaling at the golgi, demonstrating that this a general mechanism RasG12C inhibitor resistance. Overall, single-cell analysis of structure-function relationships enabled the discovery of a RasG12C inhibitor-resistant subpopulation driven by MVP, providing insight into the complex and heterogenous rewiring occurring during drug resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Z. Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dustin J. Maly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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10
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Benko F, Urminská D, Ďuračka M, Tvrdá E. Signaling Roleplay between Ion Channels during Mammalian Sperm Capacitation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2519. [PMID: 37760960 PMCID: PMC10525812 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to accomplish their primary goal, mammalian spermatozoa must undergo a series of physiological, biochemical, and functional changes crucial for the acquisition of fertilization ability. Spermatozoa are highly polarized cells, which must swiftly respond to ionic changes on their passage through the female reproductive tract, and which are necessary for male gametes to acquire their functional competence. This review summarizes the current knowledge about specific ion channels and transporters located in the mammalian sperm plasma membrane, which are intricately involved in the initiation of changes within the ionic milieu of the sperm cell, leading to variations in the sperm membrane potential, membrane depolarization and hyperpolarization, changes in sperm motility and capacitation to further lead to the acrosome reaction and sperm-egg fusion. We also discuss the functionality of selected ion channels in male reproductive health and/or disease since these may become promising targets for clinical management of infertility in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Benko
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (D.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Dana Urminská
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (D.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Michal Ďuračka
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Eva Tvrdá
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (D.U.); (E.T.)
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11
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Lemeshko VV. VDAC as a voltage-dependent mitochondrial gatekeeper under physiological conditions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184175. [PMID: 37201560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, composed of two membranes, play a key role in energy production in eukaryotic cells. The main function of the inner membrane is oxidative phosphorylation, while the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) seems to control the energy flux and exchange of various charged metabolites between mitochondria and the cytosol. Metabolites cross MOM via the various isoforms of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). In turn, VDACs interact with some enzymes, other proteins and molecules, including drugs. This work aimed to analyze various literature experimental data related to targeting mitochondrial VDACs and VDAC-kinase complexes on the basis of the hypothesis of generation of the outer membrane potential (OMP) and OMP-dependent reprogramming of cell energy metabolism. Our previous model of the VDAC-hexokinase-linked generation of OMP was further complemented in this study with an additional regulation of the MOM permeability by the OMP-dependent docking of cytosolic proteins like tubulin to VDACs. Computational analysis of the model suggests that OMP changes might be involved in the mechanisms of apoptosis promotion through the so-called transient hyperpolarization of mitochondria. The high concordance of the performed computational estimations with many published experimental data allows concluding that OMP generation under physiological conditions is highly probable and VDAC might function as an OMP-dependent gatekeeper of mitochondria, controlling cell life and death. The proposed model of OMP generation allows understanding in more detail the mechanisms of cancer death resistance and anticancer action of various drugs and treatments influencing VDAC voltage-gating properties, VDAC content, mitochondrial hexokinase activity and VDAC-kinase interactions in MOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Lemeshko
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Carrera 65, Nro. 59A - 110, Medellín, Colombia.
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12
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Mayse LA, Movileanu L. Gating of β-Barrel Protein Pores, Porins, and Channels: An Old Problem with New Facets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12095. [PMID: 37569469 PMCID: PMC10418385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
β barrels are ubiquitous proteins in the outer membranes of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and Gram-negative bacteria. These transmembrane proteins (TMPs) execute a wide variety of tasks. For example, they can serve as transporters, receptors, membrane-bound enzymes, as well as adhesion, structural, and signaling elements. In addition, multimeric β barrels are common structural scaffolds among many pore-forming toxins. Significant progress has been made in understanding the functional, structural, biochemical, and biophysical features of these robust and versatile proteins. One frequently encountered fundamental trait of all β barrels is their voltage-dependent gating. This process consists of reversible or permanent conformational transitions between a large-conductance, highly permeable open state and a low-conductance, solute-restrictive closed state. Several intrinsic molecular mechanisms and environmental factors modulate this universal property of β barrels. This review article outlines the typical signatures of voltage-dependent gating. Moreover, we discuss recent developments leading to a better qualitative understanding of the closure dynamics of these TMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Mayse
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, 201 Physics Building, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA;
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 223 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Liviu Movileanu
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, 201 Physics Building, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA;
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 223 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- The BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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13
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Gooz M, Maldonado EN. Fluorescence microscopy imaging of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1152553. [PMID: 37427141 PMCID: PMC10326048 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1152553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is an important contributor to cancer cell survival and proliferation that coexists with enhanced glycolytic activity. Measuring mitochondrial activity is useful to characterize cancer metabolism patterns, to identify metabolic vulnerabilities and to identify new drug targets. Optical imaging, especially fluorescent microscopy, is one of the most valuable tools for studying mitochondrial bioenergetics because it provides semiquantitative and quantitative readouts as well as spatiotemporal resolution of mitochondrial metabolism. This review aims to acquaint the reader with microscopy imaging techniques currently used to determine mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are major readouts of mitochondrial metabolism. We describe features, advantages, and limitations of the most used fluorescence imaging modalities: widefield, confocal and multiphoton microscopy, and fluorescent lifetime imaging (FLIM). We also discus relevant aspects of image processing. We briefly describe the role and production of NADH, NADHP, flavins and various ROS including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and discuss how these parameters can be analyzed by fluorescent microscopy. We also explain the importance, value, and limitations of label-free autofluorescence imaging of NAD(P)H and FAD. Practical hints for the use of fluorescent probes and newly developed sensors for imaging ΔΨm, ATP and ROS are described. Overall, we provide updated information about the use of microscopy to study cancer metabolism that will be of interest to all investigators regardless of their level of expertise in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Eduardo N. Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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14
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Huang L, Wei B, Zhao Y, Gong X, Chen L. DYNLT1 promotes mitochondrial metabolism to fuel breast cancer development by inhibiting ubiquitination degradation of VDAC1. Mol Med 2023; 29:72. [PMID: 37280526 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial metabolism has been proposed as an attractive target for breast cancer therapy. The discovery of new mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction will facilitate the development of new metabolic inhibitors to improve the clinical treatment of breast cancer patients. DYNLT1 (Dynein Light Chain Tctex-Type 1) is a key component of the motor complex that transports cellular cargo along microtubules in the cell, but whether and how DYNLT1 affects mitochondrial metabolism and breast cancer has not been reported. METHODS The expression levels of DYNLT1 were analyzed in clinical samples and a panel of cell lines. The role of DYNLT1 in breast cancer development was investigated using in vivo mouse models and in vitro cell assays, including CCK-8, plate cloning and transwell assay. The role of DYNLT1 in regulating mitochondrial metabolism in breast cancer development is examined by measuring mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism, many methods, including but not limited to Co-IP and ubiquitination assay were used. RESULTS First, we found that DYNLT1 was upregulated in breast tumors, especially in ER + and TNBC subtypes. DYNLT1 promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion and mitochondrial metabolism in breast cancer cells in vitro and breast tumor development in vivo. DYNLT1 colocalizes with voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) on mitochondria to regulate key metabolic and energy functions. Mechanistically, DYNLT1 stabilizes the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) by hindering E3 ligase Parkin-mediated VDAC1 ubiquitination and degradation. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that DYNLT1 promotes mitochondrial metabolism to fuel breast cancer development by inhibiting Parkin-mediated ubiquitination degradation of VDAC1. This study suggests that mitochondrial metabolism can be exploited by targeting the DYNLT1-Parkin-VDAC1 axis to improve the ability of metabolic inhibitors to suppress cancers with limited treatment options, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Cancer Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Cancer Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuran Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Cancer Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xue Gong
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China.
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Cancer Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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15
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Szabo I, Szewczyk A. Mitochondrial Ion Channels. Annu Rev Biophys 2023; 52:229-254. [PMID: 37159294 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-092622-094853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in multiple cellular tasks, such as ATP synthesis, metabolism, metabolite and ion transport, regulation of apoptosis, inflammation, signaling, and inheritance of mitochondrial DNA. The majority of the correct functioning of mitochondria is based on the large electrochemical proton gradient, whose component, the inner mitochondrial membrane potential, is strictly controlled by ion transport through mitochondrial membranes. Consequently, mitochondrial function is critically dependent on ion homeostasis, the disturbance of which leads to abnormal cell functions. Therefore, the discovery of mitochondrial ion channels influencing ion permeability through the membrane has defined a new dimension of the function of ion channels in different cell types, mainly linked to the important tasks that mitochondrial ion channels perform in cell life and death. This review summarizes studies on animal mitochondrial ion channels with special focus on their biophysical properties, molecular identity, and regulation. Additionally, the potential of mitochondrial ion channels as therapeutic targets for several diseases is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy;
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland;
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16
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Moreno-Sánchez R, Robledo-Cadena DX, Pacheco-Velázquez SC, Vargas Navarro JL, Padilla-Flores JA, Rodríguez-Enríquez S. Estimation of energy pathway fluxes in cancer cells - Beyond the Warburg effect. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 739:109559. [PMID: 36906097 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycolytic and respiratory fluxes were analyzed in cancer and non-cancer cells. The steady-state fluxes in energy metabolism were used to estimate the contributions of aerobic glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) pathways to the cellular ATP supply. The rate of lactate production - corrected for the fraction generated by glutaminolysis - is proposed as the appropriate way to estimate glycolytic flux. In general, the glycolytic rates estimated for cancer cells are higher than those found in non-cancer cells, as originally observed by Otto Warburg. The rate of basal or endogenous cellular O2 consumption corrected for non-ATP synthesizing O2 consumption, measured after inhibition by oligomycin (a specific, potent and permeable ATP synthase inhibitor), has been proposed as the appropriate way to estimate mitochondrial ATP synthesis-linked O2 flux or net OxPhos flux in living cells. Detecting non-negligible oligomycin-sensitive O2 consumption rates in cancer cells has revealed that the mitochondrial function is not impaired, as claimed by the Warburg effect. Furthermore, when calculating the relative contributions to cellular ATP supply, under a variety of environmental conditions and for different types of cancer cells, it was found that OxPhos pathway was the main ATP provider over glycolysis. Hence, OxPhos pathway targeting can be successfully used to block in cancer cells ATP-dependent processes such as migration. These observations may guide the re-design of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carrera de Biología, Laboratorio de Control Metabólico, Los Reyes Ixtacala, Hab. Los Reyes Ixtacala Barrio de los Árboles/Barrio de los Héroes, Tlalnepantla, 54090, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Jorge Luis Vargas Navarro
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carrera de Biología, Laboratorio de Control Metabólico, Los Reyes Ixtacala, Hab. Los Reyes Ixtacala Barrio de los Árboles/Barrio de los Héroes, Tlalnepantla, 54090, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Alberto Padilla-Flores
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carrera de Biología, Laboratorio de Control Metabólico, Los Reyes Ixtacala, Hab. Los Reyes Ixtacala Barrio de los Árboles/Barrio de los Héroes, Tlalnepantla, 54090, Mexico
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Enríquez
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico; Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carrera de Medicina, Laboratorio de Control Metabólico, Los Reyes Ixtacala, Hab. Los Reyes Ixtacala Barrio de los Árboles/Barrio de los Héroes, Tlalnepantla, 54090, Mexico.
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17
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Ion Channels in Gliomas-From Molecular Basis to Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032530. [PMID: 36768856 PMCID: PMC9916861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels provide the basis for the nervous system's intrinsic electrical activity. Neuronal excitability is a characteristic property of neurons and is critical for all functions of the nervous system. Glia cells fulfill essential supportive roles, but unlike neurons, they also retain the ability to divide. This can lead to uncontrolled growth and the formation of gliomas. Ion channels are involved in the unique biology of gliomas pertaining to peritumoral pathology and seizures, diffuse invasion, and treatment resistance. The emerging picture shows ion channels in the brain at the crossroads of neurophysiology and fundamental pathophysiological processes of specific cancer behaviors as reflected by uncontrolled proliferation, infiltration, resistance to apoptosis, metabolism, and angiogenesis. Ion channels are highly druggable, making them an enticing therapeutic target. Targeting ion channels in difficult-to-treat brain tumors such as gliomas requires an understanding of their extremely heterogenous tumor microenvironment and highly diverse molecular profiles, both representing major causes of recurrence and treatment resistance. In this review, we survey the current knowledge on ion channels with oncogenic behavior within the heterogeneous group of gliomas, review ion channel gene expression as genomic biomarkers for glioma prognosis and provide an update on therapeutic perspectives for repurposed and novel ion channel inhibitors and electrotherapy.
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18
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Kocianova E, Piatrikova V, Golias T. Revisiting the Warburg Effect with Focus on Lactate. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246028. [PMID: 36551514 PMCID: PMC9776395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rewired metabolism is acknowledged as one of the drivers of tumor growth. As a result, aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect, is a feature of many cancers. Increased glucose uptake and glycolysis provide intermediates for anabolic reactions necessary for cancer cell proliferation while contributing sufficient energy. However, the accompanying increased lactate production, seemingly wasting glucose carbon, was originally explained only by the need to regenerate NAD+ for successive rounds of glycolysis by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction in the cytosol. After the discovery of a mitochondrial LDH isoform, lactate oxidation entered the picture, and lactate was recognized as an important oxidative fuel. It has also been revealed that lactate serves a variety of signaling functions and helps cells adapt to the new environment. Here, we discuss recent findings on lactate metabolism and signaling in cancer while attempting to explain why the Warburg effect is adopted by cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kocianova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktoria Piatrikova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tereza Golias
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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19
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Garcia-Milian R, Golla JP, Charkoftaki G, Lam TT, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Proteomic profiling reveals an association between ALDH and oxidative phosphorylation and DNA damage repair pathways in human colon adenocarcinoma stem cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110175. [PMID: 36162455 PMCID: PMC9891852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family, especially ALDH1 isoenzymes, have been identified as biomarkers of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subpopulation of oncogenic cells with self-renewal and multipotency capability. Consistent with this contention, cell populations with high ALDH enzymatic activity exhibit greater carcinogenic potential. It has been reported that ALDH1, especially ALDH1A1, serves as a valuable biomarker for colon CSCs. However, the functional roles of ALDHs in CSCs and solid tumors of the colon tissue is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to identify molecular signature associated with high ALDH activity in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (COLO320DM) cells by proteomics profiling. Aldefluor™ assay was performed to sort COLO320DM cells exhibiting high (ALDHhigh) and low (ALDHlow) ALDH activity. Label-free quantitative proteomics analyses were conducted on these two cell populations. Proteomics profiling revealed a total of 229 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in ALDHhigh relative to ALDHlow cells, of which 182 were down-regulated and 47 were up-regulated. In agreement with previous studies, ALDH1A1 appeared to be the principal ALDH isozyme contributing to the Aldefluor™ assay activity in COLO320DM cells. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the proteomic datasets indicated that DEPs were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, sirtuin signaling, oxidative phosphorylation and nucleotide excision repair. Our proteomics study predicts that high ALDH1A1 activity may be involved in these cellular pathways to promote a metabolic switch and cellular survival of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale MS & Proteomics Resource, WM Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
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20
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Hollar DW. The competition of ecological resonances in the quantum metabolic model of cancer: Potential energetic interventions. Biosystems 2022; 222:104798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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21
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Young C, Batkovskyte D, Kitamura M, Shvedova M, Mihara Y, Akiba J, Zhou W, Hammarsjö A, Nishimura G, Yatsuga S, Grigelioniene G, Kobayashi T. A hypomorphic variant in the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane complex subunit TOMM7 causes short stature and developmental delay. HGG ADVANCES 2022; 4:100148. [PMID: 36299998 PMCID: PMC9589026 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding gene products that regulate mitochondrial function. These genes are located either in the mitochondrial or in the nuclear genome. The TOMM7 gene encodes a regulatory subunit of the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex that plays an essential role in translocation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins into mitochondria. We report an individual with a homozygous variant in TOMM7 (c.73T>C, p.Trp25Arg) that presented with a syndromic short stature, skeletal abnormalities, muscle hypotonia, microvesicular liver steatosis, and developmental delay. Analysis of mouse models strongly suggested that the identified variant is hypomorphic because mice homozygous for this variant showed a milder phenotype than those with homozygous Tomm7 deletion. These Tomm7 mutant mice show pathological changes consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction, including growth defects, severe lipoatrophy, and lipid accumulation in the liver. These mice die prematurely following a rapidly progressive weight loss during the last week of their lives. Tomm7 deficiency causes a unique alteration in mitochondrial function; despite the bioenergetic deficiency, mutant cells show increased oxygen consumption with normal responses to electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors, suggesting that Tomm7 deficiency leads to an uncoupling between oxidation and ATP synthesis without impairing the function of the tricarboxylic cycle metabolism or ETC. This study presents evidence that a hypomorphic variant in one of the genes encoding a subunit of the TOM complex causes mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Young
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dominyka Batkovskyte
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Miyuki Kitamura
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Maria Shvedova
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yutaro Mihara
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Wen Zhou
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anna Hammarsjö
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden,Center for Intractable Disease, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yatsuga
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Giedre Grigelioniene
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden,Department of Clinical Genetics, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden,Corresponding author
| | - Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Corresponding author
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22
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Cheng ML, Wu CH, Chien KY, Lai CH, Li GJ, Liu YY, Lin G, Ho HY. Enteroviral 2B Interacts with VDAC3 to Regulate Reactive Oxygen Species Generation That Is Essential to Viral Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081717. [PMID: 36016340 PMCID: PMC9416218 DOI: 10.3390/v14081717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus (EV) 71 caused episodes of outbreaks in China and Southeast Asia during the last few decades. We have previously reported that EV71 induces reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Co-immunoprecipitation-proteomic analysis revealed that enteroviral 2B protein interacted with mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 3 (VDAC3). Knockdown (KD) of VDAC3 expression specifically inhibited enteroviral replication. Single-round viral replication was also inhibited in KD cells, suggesting that VDAC3 plays an essential role in replication. Consistent with this, VDAC3 gene KD significantly reduced the EV71-induced mitochondrial ROS generation. Exogenous 2B expression could induce the mitochondrial ROS generation that was significantly reduced in VDAC3-KD cells or in the Mito-TEMPO-treated cells. Moreover, VDAC3 appears to be necessary for regulation of antioxidant metabolism. VDAC3 gene KD led to the enhancement of such pathways as hypotaurine/taurine synthesis in the infected cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that 2B and VDAC3 interact to enhance mitochondrial ROS generation, which promotes viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiang Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yi Chien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsueh Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jie Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Imaging Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 3318)
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23
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Heslop KA, Burger P, Kappler C, Solanki AK, Gooz M, Peterson YK, Mills C, Benton T, Duncan SA, Woster PM, Maldonado EN. Small molecules targeting the NADH-binding pocket of VDAC modulate mitochondrial metabolism in hepatocarcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112928. [PMID: 35447542 PMCID: PMC9400819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) control the flux of most anionic respiratory substrates, ATP, ADP, and small cations, crossing the outer mitochondrial membrane. VDAC closure contributes to the partial suppression of mitochondrial metabolism that favors the Warburg phenotype of cancer cells. Recently, it has been shown that NADH binds to a specific pocket in the inner surface of VDAC1, also conserved in VDAC2 and 3, closing the channel. We hypothesized that binding of small molecules to the NADH pocket, maintain VDAC in an open configuration by preventing closure induced by NADH and possible other endogenous regulators. We screened in silico, the South Carolina Compound Collection SC3 (~ 100,000 proprietary molecules), using shape-based queries of the NADH binding region of VDAC. After molecular docking of selected compounds, we physically screened candidates using mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), as an overall readout of mitochondrial metabolism. We identified SC18, as the most potent compound. SC18 bound to VDAC1, as assessed by a thermal shift assay. Short-term treatment with SC18 decreased ΔΨm in SNU-449 and HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells. Mitochondrial depolarization was similar in wild type, VDAC1/2, 1/3, and 2/3 double KO HepG2 cells indicating that the effect of SC18 was not VDAC isoform-dependent. In addition, SC18 decreased mitochondrial NADH and cellular ATP production; and increased basal respiration. Long-term exposure to SC18, decreased cell proliferation as determined by wound-healing and cell viability assays. In summary, SC18 is a novel VDAC-targeting small molecule that induces mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem A Heslop
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Pieter Burger
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Christiana Kappler
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Catherine Mills
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Thomas Benton
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen A Duncan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Patrick M Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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24
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Bano I, Horky P, Abbas SQ, Majid M, Bilal AHM, Ali F, Behl T, Hassan SSU, Bungau S. Ferroptosis: A New Road towards Cancer Management. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072129. [PMID: 35408533 PMCID: PMC9000380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently described programmed cell death mechanism that is characterized by the buildup of iron (Fe)-dependent lipid peroxides in cells and is morphologically, biochemically, and genetically distinct from other forms of cell death, having emerged to play an important role in cancer biology. Ferroptosis has significant importance during cancer treatment because of the combination of factors, including suppression of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), cysteine deficiency, and arachidonoyl (AA) peroxidation, which cause cells to undergo ferroptosis. However, the physiological significance of ferroptosis throughout development is still not fully understood. This current review is focused on the factors and molecular mechanisms with the diagrammatic illustrations of ferroptosis that have a role in the initiation and sensitivity of ferroptosis in various malignancies. This knowledge will open a new road for research in oncology and cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Bano
- Faculty of Bio-Sciences, SBBUVAS, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Syed Qamar Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Department of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Akram Hafiz Muhammad Bilal
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Fawad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India;
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
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25
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Lai HT, Canoy RJ, Campanella M, Vassetzky Y, Brenner C. Ca2+ Transportome and the Interorganelle Communication in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050815. [PMID: 35269437 PMCID: PMC8909868 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of liver cancer with a poor prognosis for survival given the complications it bears on the patient. Though damages to the liver are acknowledged prodromic factors, the precise molecular aetiology remains ill-defined. However, many genes coding for proteins involved in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis emerge as either mutated or deregulated. Ca2+ is a versatile signalling messenger that regulates functions that prime and drive oncogenesis, favouring metabolic reprogramming and gene expression. Ca2+ is present in cell compartments, between which it is trafficked through a network of transporters and exchangers, known as the Ca2+ transportome. The latter regulates and controls Ca2+ dynamics and tonicity. In HCC, the deregulation of the Ca2+ transportome contributes to tumorigenesis, the formation of metastasizing cells, and evasion of cell death. In this review, we reflect on these aspects by summarizing the current knowledge of the Ca2+ transportome and overviewing its composition in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Toan Lai
- CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (H.-T.L.); (R.J.C.); (M.C.); (Y.V.)
| | - Reynand Jay Canoy
- CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (H.-T.L.); (R.J.C.); (M.C.); (Y.V.)
- Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (H.-T.L.); (R.J.C.); (M.C.); (Y.V.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London WC1 0TU, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (H.-T.L.); (R.J.C.); (M.C.); (Y.V.)
| | - Catherine Brenner
- CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects Métaboliques et Systémiques de l’Oncogénèse pour de Nouvelles Approches Thérapeutiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (H.-T.L.); (R.J.C.); (M.C.); (Y.V.)
- Correspondence:
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