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Tiguh EE, Delele MA, Ali AN, Kidanemariam G, Fenta SW. Assessment of harvest and postharvest losses of teff ( Eragrostistef (Zucc.)) and methods of loss reduction: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30398. [PMID: 38707375 PMCID: PMC11068822 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Teff [Eragrostistef (Zucc.)] is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia which is part of the traditional dish of the people in the form of Injera. Interest in Teff has increased noticeably due to its very attractive nutritional profile and the gluten-free nature of the grain. It is a gluten-free cereal, among the major cereal crops, Teff accounts for the largest average annual acreage in the country. It also accounts for the second-largest average annual production, next to maize. The study endeavored to review the harvest and postharvest losses, the causes of these losses, and possible solutions to reduce the postharvest losses of the Teff crop in Ethiopia. There are inadequate postharvest research works conducted in Ethiopia, and most of the limited studies are focused on cereals other than Teff. Teff farming in Ethiopia is dominated by traditional methods of harvesting and postharvest handling. The application of modernharvest and postharvest technologies during Teff production and handling is critically low. As a result, a considerable loss of Teffgrain (16-30 %) in the harvest and postharvest stages has been recorded. The largest share of this loss is observed during the harvesting stage due to shattering, scattering, animal feeding, and contamination with unwanted parts. Lack of awareness of postharvest losses, limited access and availability of postharvest technologies, and low attention given to postharvest research, extension, and infrastructure have also contributed their share to these losses. Transforming the traditional practice into mechanized farming, modern postharvest technologies, and supporting the system by further research works and pieces of training on loss prevention methods could potentially minimize the harvest and postharvest losses of Teff in the country.
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Verbeecke V, Custódio L, Strobbe S, Van Der Straeten D. The role of orphan crops in the transition to nutritional quality-oriented crop improvement. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108242. [PMID: 37640278 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is a persisting problem threatening global human health. Biofortification via metabolic engineering has been proposed as a cost-effective and short-term means to alleviate this burden. There has been a recent rise in the recognition of potential that underutilized, orphan crops can hold in decreasing malnutrition concerns. Here, we illustrate how orphan crops can serve as a medium to provide micronutrients to populations in need, whilst promoting and maintaining dietary diversity. We provide a roadmap, illustrating which aspects to be taken into consideration when evaluating orphan crops. Recent developments have shown successful biofortification via metabolic engineering in staple crops. This review provides guidance in the implementation of these successes to relevant orphan crop species, with a specific focus on the relevant micronutrients iron, zinc, provitamin A and folates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Verbeecke
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Custódio
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Strobbe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Tesfa D, Feyissa T, Assefa K. Genetic diversity and population structure of selected tef core germplasm lines based on microsatellite markers. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8603-8613. [PMID: 37653359 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tef is an indigenous and important food, feed, and cash crop for smallholder Ethiopian farmers. Knowledge of the natural genetic composition of the crop provides the option to further exploit its genetic potential through breeding. However, there are insufficient reports on the genetic variability of Ethiopian tef using a medium-throughput marker system. Hence, the current study was designed to evaluate the genetic variability of released and core germplasm that was collected earlier. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty-one tef genotypes collected from eight Ethiopian ecological zones and released varieties were targeted using 14 SSR markers. The study yielded a total of 122 alleles across the entire locus and population. The molecular variance analysis indicated the existence of large genetic differentiation (FIS and FIT = 0.87), with 86% and 13% of the total variation accounted for among genotypes within the population and across all genotypes used for this study, respectively. However, low genetic differentiation among the populations (FST = 0.014, which accounts for 1%) was observed. Multivariate analyses such as clustering and PCoA did not cluster genotypes into distinct groups according to their geographical areas of population. This is presumably due to gene flow among populations. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings show that there is significant genetic diversity within populations, particularly in the Jimma, Tigray, and released varieties, as well as the presence of private alleles and heterozygosity. The study also indicates the existence of genotypic admixture in the studied materials. The identification of private alleles and their differentiation will be helpful in selecting breeding materials and creating breeding plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derejaw Tesfa
- Debereziet Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Abeba University, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia.
| | - Tileye Feyissa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Abeba University, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia
| | - Kebebew Assefa
- Debereziet Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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Haddadi BS, Fang R, Girija A, Kattupalli D, Widdowson E, Beckmann M, Yadav R, Mur LAJ. Metabolomics targets tissue-specific responses in alleviating the negative effects of salinity in tef (Eragrostis tef) during germination. PLANTA 2023; 258:67. [PMID: 37597049 PMCID: PMC10439848 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Salinity induced metabolite responses resulted in differential accumulation of flavonoids and antioxidant metabolites in shoots and roots suggesting improved antioxidant capacity in providing salt-adaptive phenotype of tef seedling. Tef [(Eragrostis tef) (Zucc.) Trotter] is an important 'cash crop' of Ethiopia grown mainly for human food, and development of elite tef cultivars with better performance is vital to Ethiopian farmers and breeders. Soil salinity is one of the key constraints that affects tef yield in the Ethiopian lowlands and Rift valley where cultivation of tef is limited. Being a minor crop, the responses of tef towards salinity is unknown. Salinity involves physiological and metabolite reprogramming that can have major impact on germination and seedling establishment. Here we evaluate the in vitro effect of NaCl on tef germination and associate this with metabolomic approaches to suggest salt tolerance mechanisms. In this study, 19 tef varieties were screened for NaCl tolerance and were investigated using untargeted metabolomics. Screened tef varieties showed differential germination rates with NaCl treatment varying from < 20 to 100%. Viable seedlings exposed to NaCl exhibited purple-red pigment accumulation in the roots except for Beten and Tullu nasy varieties. Metabolite comparisons between shoots and roots showed significant differences and, in particular, roots of salt tolerant tef varieties accumulated flavonoid derivatives as well as sugars and cell wall associated metabolites. These metabolic changes were correlated with patterns of antioxidant capacities and total flavonoid content in shoots and roots and suggested a mitigating response by tef to salinity. Our study highlights the role of flavonoid accumulation following salt stress on tef seedlings and further these findings could be used as targets for selective tef breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Aiswarya Girija
- Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, SY23 3DA, UK
- Institute of Biological Rural Environmental Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Divya Kattupalli
- Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Emma Widdowson
- Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Rattan Yadav
- Institute of Biological Rural Environmental Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, SY23 3DA, UK.
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Cotter CJ, Wright AJ, Romanov AV, Graf TN, Whisnant ED, Flores-Bocanegra L, Doldron MS, Oberlies NH, Jia Z, Ligaba-Osena A. Evaluating the Antioxidant Properties of the Ancient-Crop Tef ( Eragrostis tef) Grain Extracts in THP-1 Monocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1561. [PMID: 37627557 PMCID: PMC10451390 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tef (Eragrostis tef) is an orphan crop that is widely grown in East Africa, primarily in Ethiopia as a staple crop. It is becoming popular in the Western world owing to its nutritious and gluten-free grains and the forage quality of its biomass. Tef is also considered to have a high antioxidant capacity based on cell-free studies. However, the antioxidant activity of tef has never been validated using a physiologically relevant cell model. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant capacity of tef grain extracts using a mammalian cell model. We hypothesized that the tef grain extracts are capable of modulating the cellular antioxidant response via the modulation of glutathione (GSH) biosynthetic pathways. Therefore, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of purified tef grain extracts in the human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell line. Our findings revealed that the organic fraction of grain extracts increased the cellular GSH level, which was more evident for brown-colored tef than the ivory variety. Moreover, a brown-tef fraction increased the expressions of GSH-pathway genes, including γ-glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) and modifier (GCLM) subunits and glutathione reductase (GR), an enzyme that plays a key role in GSH biosynthesis, suggesting that tef extracts may modulate GSH metabolism. Several compounds were uniquely identified via mass spectrometry (MS) in GSH-modulating brown-tef samples, including 4-oxo-β-apo-13-carotenone, γ-linolenic acid (methyl ester), 4,4'-(2,3-dimethyl-1,4-butanediyl)bis-phenol (also referred to as 8,8'-lignan-4,4'-diol), and (3β)-3-[[2-[4-(Acetylamino)phenoxy]acetyl]oxy]olean-12-en-28-oic acid. Tef possesses antioxidant activity due to the presence of phytochemicals that can act as direct antioxidants, as well as modulators of antioxidant-response genes, indicating its potential role in alleviating diseases triggered by oxidative stresses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report revealing the antioxidant ability of tef extracts in a physiologically relevant human cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Cotter
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Allison J. Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Anastasia V. Romanov
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Tyler N. Graf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Eric D. Whisnant
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Megan S. Doldron
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Ayalew Ligaba-Osena
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
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Hutang GR, Tong Y, Zhu XG, Gao LZ. Genome size variation and polyploidy prevalence in the genus Eragrostis are associated with the global dispersal in arid area. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1066925. [PMID: 36993864 PMCID: PMC10040770 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1066925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologists have long debated the drivers of the genome size evolution and variation ever since Darwin. Assumptions for the adaptive or maladaptive consequences of the associations between genome sizes and environmental factors have been proposed, but the significance of these hypotheses remains controversial. Eragrostis is a large genus in the grass family and is often used as crop or forage during the dry seasons. The wide range and complex ploidy levels make Eragrostis an excellent model for investigating how the genome size variation and evolution is associated with environmental factors and how these changes can ben interpreted. METHODS We reconstructed the Eragrostis phylogeny and estimated genome sizes through flow cytometric analyses. Phylogenetic comparative analyses were performed to explore how genome size variation and evolution is related to their climatic niches and geographical ranges. The genome size evolution and environmental factors were examined using different models to study the phylogenetic signal, mode and tempo throughout evolutionary history. RESULTS Our results support the monophyly of Eragrostis. The genome sizes in Eragrostis ranged from ~0.66 pg to ~3.80 pg. We found that a moderate phylogenetic conservatism existed in terms of the genome sizes but was absent from environmental factors. In addition, phylogeny-based associations revealed close correlations between genome sizes and precipitation-related variables, indicating that the genome size variation mainly caused by polyploidization may have evolved as an adaptation to various environments in the genus Eragrostis. CONCLUSION This is the first study to take a global perspective on the genome size variation and evolution in the genus Eragrostis. Our results suggest that the adaptation and conservatism are manifested in the genome size variation, allowing the arid species of Eragrostis to spread the xeric area throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Ran Hutang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tong
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xun-Ge Zhu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Zhi Gao
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Selecting and Breeding New Tropical Crop Varieties, Ministry of Education, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Wagali P, Sabastian C, Saranga Y, Ben-Zeev S, Mabjeesh SJ. The Effects of Irrigation, Genotype and Additives on Tef Silage Making. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030470. [PMID: 36766359 PMCID: PMC9913197 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tef is known as a multi-harvest crop with high production capacity and outstanding fodder quality. Hence, our overall goal is to develop tef as a new multi-harvest summer crop that can maintain high-quality feed and contribute to both field crops and the livestock industry in Israel. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ability to preserve tef as silage. Four tef genotypes grown under well-watered (100%) and water-limited (75%) irrigation regimes were harvested at grain filling stage and ensiled with either no additives (control, CTL), or with heterofermentative inoculum (HI), molasses (MOL), and both MOL + HI. Our results showed for the first time that tef could be ensiled, although water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) were lower than those in corn, "the perfect ensiling crop". Most of the tef silage qualitative parameters were better at water-limited irrigation. Additives HI or MOL or MOL + HI also improved silage parameters, e.g., lowered pH and ammonia nitrogen content, but increased in vitro dry matter digestibility, lactic acid and crude protein content, and lactic acid bacteria counts of tef silage. The current results imply increasing the diversity of local ruminant fodder crops, ensuring high-quality feed supply during the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wagali
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Chris Sabastian
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yehoshua Saranga
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Robert. H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences & Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shiran Ben-Zeev
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Robert. H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences & Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sameer J. Mabjeesh
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Correspondence:
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A phenomic-metabolomic pipeline for assessing the seed traits in the gluten free orphan cereal, Eragrostis tef. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Beyene G, Chauhan RD, Villmer J, Husic N, Wang N, Gebre E, Girma D, Chanyalew S, Assefa K, Tabor G, Gehan M, McGrone M, Yang M, Lenderts B, Schwartz C, Gao H, Gordon‐Kamm W, Taylor NJ, MacKenzie DJ. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated tetra-allelic mutation of the 'Green Revolution' SEMIDWARF-1 (SD-1) gene confers lodging resistance in tef (Eragrostis tef). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1716-1729. [PMID: 35560779 PMCID: PMC9398311 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tef is a staple food and a valuable cash crop for millions of people in Ethiopia. Lodging is a major limitation to tef production, and for decades, the development of lodging resistant varieties proved difficult with conventional breeding approaches. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce knockout mutations in the tef orthologue of the rice SEMIDWARF-1 (SD-1) gene to confer semidwarfism and ultimately lodging resistance. High frequency recovery of transgenic and SD-1 edited tef lines was achieved in two tef cultivars by Agrobacterium-mediated delivery into young leaf explants of gene editing reagents along with transformation and regeneration enhancing morphogenic genes, BABY BOOM (BBM) and WUSCHEL2 (WUS2). All of the 23 lines analyzed by next-generation sequencing had at least two or more alleles of SD-1 mutated. Of these, 83% had tetra-allelic frameshift mutations in the SD-1 gene in primary tef regenerants, which were inherited in subsequent generations. Phenotypic data generated on T1 and T2 generations revealed that the sd-1 lines have reduced culm and internode lengths with no reduction in either panicle or peduncle lengths. These characteristics are comparable with rice sd-1 plants. Measurements of lodging, in greenhouse-grown plants, showed that sd-1 lines have significantly higher resistance to lodging at the heading stage compared with the controls. This is the first demonstration of the feasibility of high frequency genetic transformation and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in this highly valuable but neglected crop. The findings reported here highlight the potential of genome editing for the improvement of lodging resistance and other important traits in tef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getu Beyene
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
| | | | | | - Nada Husic
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
| | | | | | - Dejene Girma
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural ResearchAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | | | - Kebebew Assefa
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural ResearchAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | | | - Malia Gehan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
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Haas RV, Homem RV, Farias DV, Schmidt HDO, Rockett FC, Venzke JG, Jomori MM, Kist TL, Rios ADO, Oliveira VRD. Potential of teff (
Eragrostis tef
) flour as an ingredient in gluten‐free cakes: chemical, technological and sensory quality. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Viviane Haas
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 Porto Alegre RS 90035‐002 Brazil
| | - Raísa Vieira Homem
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 Porto Alegre RS 90035‐002 Brazil
| | - Deise Vitória Farias
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 Porto Alegre RS 90035‐002 Brazil
| | - Helena de Oliveira Schmidt
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 ‐n. 43.212, Campus do Vale Porto Alegre RS 91501‐970 Brazil
| | - Fernanda Camboim Rockett
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 ‐n. 43.212, Campus do Vale Porto Alegre RS 91501‐970 Brazil
| | - Janaína Guimarães Venzke
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 Porto Alegre RS 90035‐002 Brazil
| | - Manuela Mika Jomori
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) University Campus‐ Trindade Florianópolis SC 88040‐900 Brazil
| | - Tarso Ledur Kist
- Department of Biophysics Institute of Biosciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre RS 91501‐970 Brazil
| | - Alessandro de Oliveira Rios
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 ‐n. 43.212, Campus do Vale Porto Alegre RS 91501‐970 Brazil
| | - Viviani Ruffo de Oliveira
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 Porto Alegre RS 90035‐002 Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 Porto Alegre RS 90035‐002 Brazil
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Pulivarthi MK, Selladurai M, Nkurikiye E, Li Y, Siliveru K. Significance of milling methods on brown teff flour, dough, and bread properties. J Texture Stud 2022; 53:478-489. [PMID: 35192195 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Teff (Eragrostis tef) has gained wide popularity of late mainly attributed to its gluten-free nature catering the needs of gluten sensitive population. The higher water absorption capacity and gelling properties of teff flour promote its food applications, especially in the baking sector. The nutritional and sensorial properties of teff flour have been studied by incorporating with wheat flour at different proportions, but no study has reported the impact of various milling methods on the rheological and bread-making properties of teff flour. In this regard, the present study is envisaged to assess the physical, rheological and bread-making properties of teff flour acquired over roller, hammer and pin milling. Among the milling methods, the distribution of particles was more uniform in case of roller mill, while finer particles were obtained for the pin milled flour fractions with 60% of the sample falling below 90 μm. It was observed that the protein, crude fiber and crude fat contents for all the flours were on par with each other irrespective of the milling method. Whereas, the pasting properties varied significantly between the flours obtained from different milling methods. It was observed that the pin milled flour bread was superior in quality owing to its higher loaf volume (331.67 cm3 ) with lower hardness value (5.99 N). The present study indicates the fact that, pin mill could be more suitable for milling brown teff grains owing to the better pasting and bread making properties. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Pulivarthi
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Manivannan Selladurai
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Eric Nkurikiye
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Kaliramesh Siliveru
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Mir RA, Nazir M, Naik S, Mukhtar S, Ganai BA, Zargar SM. Utilizing the underutilized plant resources for development of life style foods: Putting nutrigenomics to use. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:128-138. [PMID: 34998100 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient amount of minerals, vitamins, and proteins in human diet play indispensable role in maintaining the active metabolism for better human health. All the essential nutrients that are requisite for an individual's survival are acquired from plants as well as animals. Micronutrients and macronutrients directly influence the metabolic pathways and their deficiencies play a substantial role in development of manifold disorders. In addition to environmental factors, quality and quantity of foods are key factors in maintaining the human health. Transition from healthy to diseased state is concurrent with the pattern of gene expression that is largely influenced by nutrition and environment. A combined approach to study the influence of nutrition on expression of numerous genes can be well explored through nutrigenomic studies. Nutrigenomics includes studies wherein applied genomics is used to investigate nutritional science to understand the compartmentalization of genes that influence the cause of diet-related complications. This review describes the role of underutilized crops as frontline foods to circumvent the health complications through the nutrigenomic studies. Further dynamics of nutrigenomic tools to study the impact of nutrition on the changing pattern of genome stability and gene expression for developing precise safety measures against wide range of health ailments linked to metabolic networks. Additionally, this review provides detailed information on nutrigenomic studies undertaken to unravel the potential of underutilized crops to augment the human health and to carry the agronomic/genomic approaches to enhance nutritional profile of underutilized crops to overcome diet-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 185131, India
| | - Muslima Nazir
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Samiullah Naik
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Shazia Mukhtar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India.
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13
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Girija A, Han J, Corke F, Brook J, Doonan J, Yadav R, Jifar H, Mur LAJ. Elucidating drought responsive networks in tef (Eragrostis tef) using phenomic and metabolomic approaches. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13597. [PMID: 34792806 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits crop productivity and is driving the need to introduce new tolerant crops with better economic yield. Tef (Eragrostis tef) is a neglected (orphan) Ethiopian warm-season annual gluten-free cereal with high nutritional and health benefits. Further, tef is resilient to environmental challenges such as drought, but the adaptive mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, metabolic changes associated with drought response in 11 tef accessions were identified using phenomic and metabolomic approaches under controlled conditions. Computerized image analysis of droughted plants indicated reductions in leaf area and green pigments compared with controls. Metabolite profiling based on flow-infusion electrospray-high-resolution mass spectroscopy (FIE-HRMS) showed drought associated changes in flavonoid, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, sugar metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and pentose phosphate pathways. Flavonoid associated metabolites and TCA intermediates were lower in the drought group, whereas most of the stress-responsive amino acids and sugars were elevated. Interestingly, after drought treatment, one accession Enatite (Ent) exhibited a significantly higher plant area than the others, and greater accumulation of flavonoids, amino acids (serine and glycine), sugars (ribose, myo-inositol), and fatty acids. The increased accumulation of these metabolites could explain the increased tolerance to drought in Ent compared with other accessions. This is the first time a non-targeted metabolomics approach has been applied in tef, and our results provide a framework for a better understanding of the tef metabolome during drought stress that will help to identify traits to improve this understudied potential crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Girija
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Jiwan Han
- Software College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Fiona Corke
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Jason Brook
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - John Doonan
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Rattan Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Habte Jifar
- National Tef Improvement Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
- Software College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
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14
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Girija A, Yadav R, Corke F, Doonan J, Mur LAJ. Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Variation in Metabolites Associated with Nutritional Values in Tef Accessions. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:536-539. [PMID: 34762229 PMCID: PMC8629858 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tef (Eragrostis tef), is a gluten-free orphan cereal, crop of nutritional and economical significance. Here we used untargeted metabolomics to survey metabolite variation in 14 diverse tef accessions at 15-days post germination. Tef genotypes were classified into four metabolomic groups where variation was linked to flavones and flavonols. Further analysis on white seeded accessions shows variation related to sucrose and important vitamins, nicotinamides (vitamin B3) riboflavin (vitamin B2) and folate (vitamin B9). Coloured seeded accessions showed variation in metabolism related to amino acid and sugars. This study highlights the potential of metabolomics in exploring the nutritional traits in tef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Girija
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Studies (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, Ceredigion, UK
| | - Rattan Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Studies (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, Ceredigion, UK
| | - Fiona Corke
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Studies (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, Ceredigion, UK
| | - John Doonan
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Studies (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, Ceredigion, UK
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Studies (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, Ceredigion, UK.
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15
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Numan M, Khan AL, Asaf S, Salehin M, Beyene G, Tadele Z, Ligaba-Osena A. From Traditional Breeding to Genome Editing for Boosting Productivity of the Ancient Grain Tef [ Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter]. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:628. [PMID: 33806233 PMCID: PMC8066236 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is a staple food crop for 70% of the Ethiopian population and is currently cultivated in several countries for grain and forage production. It is one of the most nutritious grains, and is also more resilient to marginal soil and climate conditions than major cereals such as maize, wheat and rice. However, tef is an extremely low-yielding crop, mainly due to lodging, which is when stalks fall on the ground irreversibly, and prolonged drought during the growing season. Climate change is triggering several biotic and abiotic stresses which are expected to cause severe food shortages in the foreseeable future. This has necessitated an alternative and robust approach in order to improve resilience to diverse types of stresses and increase crop yields. Traditional breeding has been extensively implemented to develop crop varieties with traits of interest, although the technique has several limitations. Currently, genome editing technologies are receiving increased interest among plant biologists as a means of improving key agronomic traits. In this review, the potential application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) technology in improving stress resilience in tef is discussed. Several putative abiotic stress-resilient genes of the related monocot plant species have been discussed and proposed as target genes for editing in tef through the CRISPR-Cas system. This is expected to improve stress resilience and boost productivity, thereby ensuring food and nutrition security in the region where it is needed the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Numan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (M.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, Biotechnology and OMICs Laboratory, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (A.L.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, Biotechnology and OMICs Laboratory, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (A.L.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammad Salehin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (M.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Getu Beyene
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA;
| | - Zerihun Tadele
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Ayalew Ligaba-Osena
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (M.N.); (M.S.)
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16
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Sousa EC, Raizada MN. Contributions of African Crops to American Culture and Beyond: The Slave Trade and Other Journeys of Resilient Peoples and Crops. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.586340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a general unawareness of food crops indigenous to the African continent that have contributed to Western culture. This under-appreciation is particularly relevant in the current context of societal movements to end historic racism and value the contributions of peoples of African origin and African skin colors. Lack of awareness of the contributions of Africa's crops has negative practical consequences, including inadequate investments in preserving and maximizing the use of crop diversity to facilitate breeding. This paper provides an overview and analysis of African crops that have made significant contributions to the United States and globally, and/or hold potential in the twenty-first century. The paper specifically discusses watermelon, coffee, kola, rooibos, oil palm, shea, cowpea/black eyed pea, leafy greens, okra, yam, sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, teff, and fonio. The review focuses on the intersection of these crops with racialized peoples, with a particular focus on African-Americans starting with slavery. The analysis includes the sites of domestication of African crops, their historical migration out of Africa, their sociocultural contributions to cuisines and products around the world, their uses today, and the indigenous knowledge associated with traditional cultivation and landrace selection. The untapped potential of local genetic resources and indigenous agronomic strategies are also described. The review demonstrates that African crops played an important role in the development of American cuisine, beverages and household products. Many of these crops are nutritious, high value and stress tolerant. The paper concludes that African crops hold significant promise in improving the resiliency of global food production systems, to mitigate climate change and alleviate food insecurity and rural poverty, especially in dry regions of the world. It is hoped that this review contributes to teaching the next generation of agriculturalists, food scientists and international development professionals about the valuable contributions of Africa's resilient crops and peoples.
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17
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Gyan NM, Yaakov B, Weinblum N, Singh A, Cna’ani A, Ben-Zeev S, Saranga Y, Tzin V. Variation Between Three Eragrostis tef Accessions in Defense Responses to Rhopalosiphum padi Aphid Infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:598483. [PMID: 33363559 PMCID: PMC7752923 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.598483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tef (Eragrostis tef), a staple crop that originated in the Horn of Africa, has been introduced to multiple countries over the last several decades. Crop cultivation in new geographic regions raises questions regarding the molecular basis for biotic stress responses. In this study, we aimed to classify the insect abundance on tef crop in Israel, and to elucidate its chemical and physical defense mechanisms in response to insect feeding. To discover the main pests of tef in the Mediterranean climate, we conducted an insect field survey on three selected accessions named RTC-144, RTC-405, and RTC-406, and discovered that the most abundant insect order is Hemiptera. We compared the differences in Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera; Aphididae) aphid performance, preference, and feeding behavior between the three accessions. While the number of aphid progeny was lower on RTC-406 than on the other two, the aphid olfactory assay indicated that the aphids tended to be repelled from the RTC-144 accession. To highlight the variation in defense responses, we investigated the physical and chemical mechanisms. As a physical barrier, the density of non-granular trichomes was evaluated, in which a higher number of trichomes on the RTC-406 than on the other accessions was observed. This was negatively correlated with aphid performance. To determine chemical responses, the volatile and central metabolite profiles were measured upon aphid attack for 4 days. The volatile analysis exposed a rich and dynamic metabolic profile, and the central metabolism profile indicated that tef plants adjust their sugars and organic and amino acid levels. Overall, we found that the tef plants possess similar defense responses as other Poaceae family species, while the non-volatile deterrent compounds are yet to be characterized. A transcriptomic time-series analysis of a selected accession RTC-144 infested with aphids revealed a massive alteration of genes related to specialized metabolism that potentially synthesize non-volatile toxic compounds. This is the first report to reveal the variation in the defense mechanisms of tef plants. These findings can facilitate the discovery of insect-resistance genes leading to enhanced yield in tef and other cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M. Gyan
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Beery Yaakov
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Nati Weinblum
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Anuradha Singh
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Alon Cna’ani
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Shiran Ben-Zeev
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yehoshua Saranga
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vered Tzin
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
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18
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Ligaba-Osena A, Guo W, Choi SC, Limmer MA, Seyfferth AL, Hankoua BB. Silicon Enhances Biomass and Grain Yield in an Ancient Crop Tef [ Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter]. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:608503. [PMID: 33329679 PMCID: PMC7732538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.608503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is one of the beneficial plant mineral nutrients which is known to improve biotic and abiotic stress resilience and productivity in several crops. However, its beneficial role in underutilized or "orphan" crop such as tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] has never been studied before. In this study, we investigated the effect of Si application on tef plant performance. Plants were grown in soil with or without exogenous application of Na2SiO3 (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 mM), and biomass and grain yield, mineral content, chlorophyll content, plant height, and expression patterns of putative Si transporter genes were studied. Silicon application significantly increased grain yield (100%) at 3.0 mM Si, and aboveground biomass yield by 45% at 5.0 mM Si, while it had no effect on plant height. The observed increase in grain yield appears to be due to enhanced stress resilience and increased total chlorophyll content. Increasing the level of Si increased shoot Si and Na content while it significantly decreased the content of other minerals including K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, and Mn in the shoot, which is likely due to the use of Na containing Si amendment. A slight decrease in grain Ca, P, S, and Mn was also observed with increasing Si treatment. The increase in Si content with increasing Si levels prompted us to analyze the expression of Si transporter genes. The tef genome contains seven putative Si transporters which showed high homology with influx and efflux Lsi transporters reported in various plant species including rice. The tef Lsi homologs were deferentially expressed between tissues (roots, leaves, nodes, and inflorescences) and in response to Si, suggesting that they may play a role in Si uptake and/or translocation. Taken together, these results show that Si application improves stress resilience and yield and regulates the expression of putative Si transporter genes. However, further study is needed to determine the physiological function of the putative Si transporters, and to study the effect of field application of Si on tef productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalew Ligaba-Osena
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Wanli Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sang Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Matthew Alan Limmer
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Angelia L. Seyfferth
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Bertrand B. Hankoua
- Plant Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, College of Agriculture, Sciences and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States
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Dueñas M, Sánchez-Acevedo T, Alcalde-Eon C, Escribano-Bailón MT. Effects of different industrial processes on the phenolic composition of white and brown teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter). Food Chem 2020; 335:127331. [PMID: 32739802 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Teff is currently being incorporated into a range of foodstuffs, especially gluten-free flakes and extruded products. The main objective of this work was to assess the effects of different treatments (industrial milling, formation of flakes and extrusion) on the phenolic composition of two types of teff grains differing in their colour (white and brown). Fifty-nine phenolic compounds were detected by HPLC-DAD-MSn. C-glycosyl flavones accounted for more than 90% of the total phenolic contents in both teff types. White teff mostly contained apigenin-derived flavones (86-92%), whereas luteolin derivatives prevailed in brown teff (91-94%). The industrial processes, mainly flaking and extrusion, caused marked changes in the phenolic composition, some of which were dependent on the teff type. In both teff types, processing changed the phenolic profiles similarly by increasing C-monoglycosyl flavones and decreasing acylated derivatives. However, the total content was increased in flakes and extruded products made only from brown teff grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Dueñas
- Grupo de Investigación de Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Tamara Sánchez-Acevedo
- Grupo de Investigación de Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Cristina Alcalde-Eon
- Grupo de Investigación de Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Escribano-Bailón
- Grupo de Investigación de Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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20
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Teshome GE, Mekbib Y, Hu G, Li ZZ, Chen J. Comparative analyses of 32 complete plastomes of Tef ( Eragrostis tef ) accessions from Ethiopia: phylogenetic relationships and mutational hotspots. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9314. [PMID: 32596045 PMCID: PMC7307559 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Eragrostis tef is an important cereal crop in Ethiopia with excellent storage properties, high–quality food, and the unique ability to thrive in extreme environmental conditions. However, the application of advanced molecular tools for breeding and conservation of these species is extremely limited. Therefore, developing chloroplast genome resources and high-resolution molecular markers are valuable to E. tef population and biogeographic studies. In the current study, we assembled and compared the complete plastomes of 32 E. tef accessions. The size of the plastomes ranged from 134,349 to 134,437 bp with similar GC content (∼38.3%). Genomes annotations revealed 112 individual genes, including 77 protein-coding, 31 tRNA, and 4 rRNA genes. Comparison of E. tef plastomes revealed a low degree of intraspecific sequence variations and no structural differentiations. Furthermore, we found 34 polymorphic sites (13 cpSSRs, 12 InDels, and 9 SNPs) that can be used as valuable DNA barcodes. Among them, the majority (88%) of the polymorphic sites were identified in the noncoding genomic regions. Nonsynonymous (ka) and synonymous (ks) substitution analysis showed that all PCGs were under purifying selection (ka/ks <1). The phylogenetic analyses of the whole plastomes and polymorphic region sequences were able to distinguish the accession from the southern population, indicating its potential to be used as a super-barcode. In conclusion, the newly generated plastomes and polymorphic markers developed here could be a useful genomic resource in molecular breeding, population genetics and the biogeographical study of E. tef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Eshetu Teshome
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yeshitila Mekbib
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwan Hu
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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21
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Wojas O, Krzych-Fałta E, Samel-Kowalik P, Żalikowska-Gardocka M, Majsiak E, Mari A, Samoliński B. A case of allergy to Silybum marianum ( milk thistle) and Eragrostis tef ( teff). Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2020; 16:23. [PMID: 32322285 PMCID: PMC7161110 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-020-00421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This paper presents a peculiar first case of an allergy to Silybum marianum (milk thistle) and Eragrostis tef (teff). Both teff and milk thistle have been presented in the literature (both domestic and foreign) in a positive light, the former as a new part of gluten-free diet, and the latter as a treatment for a number of conditions, particularly those of the liver. Case presentation A 29-year-old male presented at our clinic due to an episode of itching and burning in his mouth, swollen tongue, and difficulty swallowing following ingestion of teff flakes. He also reported sneezing, runny nose, watering and burning eyes, and wheezing following inhalation exposure to ground milk thistle. The patient’s occupation is associated with exposure to these allergens. The patient underwent comprehensive allergy diagnostic assessments (including skin-prick testing, serum specific IgE levels, Faber test, spirometry, and acoustic rhinometry) and gastroenterological assessments. The diagnosis was established on skin tests with native allergens (milk thistle 16/35, teff flour 22/60, negative control 0/0, histamine 3/5) provided by the patient. There are no commercially available (standardized) tests for milk thistle or teff either in Poland or anywhere else in the world. Conclusions Milk thistle is available in the form of dry, finely-ground preparations (which are used as additives to bread, soups, and yoghurts) and extracts (which are used as ingredients in over-the-counter herbal remedies). Teff is a gluten-free cereal whose grains are rich in methionine, calcium, iron, folic acid, and antioxidants. This case report presents milk thistle and teff as potentially new allergens. A literature review revealed no similar allergy cases in Poland or elsewhere in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Wojas
- 1Deprtament of Environmental Hazard Prevention and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Krzych-Fałta
- 1Deprtament of Environmental Hazard Prevention and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Samel-Kowalik
- 1Deprtament of Environmental Hazard Prevention and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Żalikowska-Gardocka
- 2Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Majsiak
- Polish-Ukrainian Foundation for the Development of Medicine, Lublin, Poland
| | - A Mari
- Clinician and Scientist in Allergy and Immunology Centri Associati di Allergologia Molecolare (CAAM), Rome, Italy
| | - B Samoliński
- 1Deprtament of Environmental Hazard Prevention and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Bekkering CS, Tian L. Thinking Outside of the Cereal Box: Breeding Underutilized (Pseudo)Cereals for Improved Human Nutrition. Front Genet 2019; 10:1289. [PMID: 31921317 PMCID: PMC6933008 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal grains have historically played a critical role in sustaining the caloric needs of the human population. The major cereal crops, wheat, rice, and maize, are widely cultivated and have been subjected to biofortification to enhance the vitamin and mineral nutrient content of grains. In contrast, grains of several other cereals as well as non-grass pseudocereals are naturally rich in micronutrients, but have yet to be explored for broad-scale cultivation and consumption. This mini review focuses on the micronutrient and phytochemical profiles of a few emerging (pseudo)cereals and examines the current constraints of their integration into the global food system. Prospects of leveraging whole genome sequence information and modern breeding technologies to promote the breeding and accessibility of these crops are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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23
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Garbus I, Selva JP, Pasten MC, Bellido AM, Carballo J, Albertini E, Echenique V. Characterization and discovery of miRNA and miRNA targets from apomictic and sexual genotypes of Eragrostis curvula. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:839. [PMID: 31718556 PMCID: PMC6852985 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula [Shrad.] Nees) is a perennial grass found in semi-arid regions that is well adapted for growth in sandy soils and drought conditions. E. curvula constitutes a polymorphic complex that includes cytotypes with different ploidy levels (from 2x to 8x), where most polyploids are facultative apomicts, although both sexual reproduction and full apomixis have been reported in this species. Apomixis is thought to be associated with silencing of the sexual pathway, which would involve epigenetic mechanisms. However, a correlation between small RNAs and apomixis has not yet been conclusively established. Results Aiming to contribute to the elucidation of their role in the expression of apomixis, we constructed small RNA libraries from sexual and apomictic E. curvula genotypes via Illumina technology, characterized the small RNA populations, and conducted differential expression analysis by comparing these small RNAs with the E. curvula reference transcriptome. We found that the expression of two genes is repressed in the sexual genotype, which is associated with specific microRNA expression. Conclusion Our results support the hypothesis that in E. curvula the expression of apomixis leads to sexual repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Garbus
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS); CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Juan Pablo Selva
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS); CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María Cielo Pasten
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS); CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Andrés Martín Bellido
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS); CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - José Carballo
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS); CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Emidio Albertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Viviana Echenique
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS); CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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24
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Succurro A, Schuler-Bermann M, Ivanov R, Jacoby R, Kopriva S, Jobe TO. Orphan crops at the food for future conference. PLANTA 2019; 250:1005-1010. [PMID: 31290030 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In her 1929 essay A Room of One's Own, Virginia Wolf famously wrote, "One cannot think well, love well, sleep well, if one has not dined well." While this popular quote is perhaps not the most inspiring, it is an elegant reminder that food and the cultural practices surrounding food are paramount for our wellbeing. However, in our quest to feed a growing global population, we have become focused on increasing the production of a few staple crops and overlooked hundreds or thousands of locally and regionally important crops that may represent the future of agriculture. The growing interest in identifying and developing promising new crops and novel food sources prompted the 1st Cologne Conference on Food for Future, which took place between the 5 and 7th of September 2018 at the Rautenstrauch-Joest museum in Cologne, Germany. It offered a unique platform for researchers, journalists, politicians, and entrepreneurs to present and discuss their views, visions, and concerns on the topics of Food Security. This interdisciplinary meeting acted as a stage to cover diverse aspects of crop science, food research, and food production in the context of global food and nutrition security. Three sessions accommodated scientific contributions on the topics of "Orphan Crops", "Functional food", and "Innovative food sources and production systems", and two public events (a public lecture and a plenary discussion) engaged the citizens with informative discussions on relevant and mediatic topics. With delegates from Africa, Europe, and the United States of America, the conference aimed at building bridges between different communities through scientific exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Succurro
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, Germany
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- West German Genome Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mara Schuler-Bermann
- Developmental and Molecular Plant Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard Jacoby
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, Germany
| | - Timothy O Jobe
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, Germany.
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25
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Chanyalew S, Ferede S, Damte T, Fikre T, Genet Y, Kebede W, Tolossa K, Tadele Z, Assefa K. Significance and prospects of an orphan crop tef. PLANTA 2019; 250:753-767. [PMID: 31222492 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tef is a resilient crop from the Horn of Africa with significant importance in food and nutrition security, and currently gaining global popularity as health and performance food. Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is the most important cereal of Ethiopia in terms of production, consumption and cash crop value. In Ethiopia, tef is annually grown on about 3 million ha with total grain production of over 5 million tons. As such, it accounts for about 30% of the total cultivated area and one-fifth of the gross grain production of all cereals cultivated in the country. In spite of its supreme economic and agricultural significance in Ethiopia, its productivity is relatively low with national average yield of about 1.7 t/ha. This has primarily been due to the very little scientific improvement done on the crop. Tef has still been an "orphan crop" since it is globally a very much under-researched crop owing to its localized importance. Scientific research on tef in Ethiopia began in the late 1950s. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the significance and major production constraints of tef, and the major achievements made to date in various tef research aspects including breeding, agronomy, crop protection, and agricultural economics and extension. Based on these reviews, the paper eventually concludes with remarks on the way forward by emphasizing on the identification of the major gaps and the improvement efforts required for realizing the ever-needed breakthrough in the productivity and production of the crop. The major focal areas of future efforts include increasing productivity of both grain and biomass, systematic conservation and mining of the genetic resources, tackling the lodging malady, mechanization of the crop's husbandry, understanding the overall physiology of the crop especially with respect to stress tolerance, unraveling the nutritional qualities, and development of recipes and value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Chanyalew
- Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Setotaw Ferede
- Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Tebkew Damte
- Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Tsion Fikre
- Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Yazachew Genet
- Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Worku Kebede
- Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Kidist Tolossa
- Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Zerihun Tadele
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kebebew Assefa
- Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
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26
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Lemecha M, Morino K, Seifu D, Imamura T, Nakagawa F, Nagata A, Okamato T, Sekine O, Ugi S, Maegawa H. Improved glucose metabolism by Eragrostis tef potentially through beige adipocyte formation and attenuating adipose tissue inflammation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201661. [PMID: 30071087 PMCID: PMC6072038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Teff is a staple food in Ethiopia that is rich in dietary fiber. Although gaining popularity in Western countries because it is gluten-free, the effects of teff on glucose metabolism remain unknown. Aim To evaluate the effects of teff on body weight and glucose metabolism compared with an isocaloric diet containing wheat. Results Mice fed teff weighed approximately 13% less than mice fed wheat (p < 0.05). The teff-based diet improved glucose tolerance compared with the wheat group with normal chow but not with a high-fat diet. Reduced adipose inflammation characterized by lower expression of TNFα, Mcp1, and CD11c, together with higher levels of cecal short chain fatty acids such as acetate, compared with the control diet containing wheat after 14 weeks of dietary treatment. In addition, beige adipocyte formation, characterized by increased expression of Ucp-1 (~7-fold) and Cidea (~3-fold), was observed in the teff groups compared with the wheat group. Moreover, a body-weight matched experiment revealed that teff improved glucose tolerance in a manner independent of body weight reduction after 6 weeks of dietary treatment. Enhanced beige adipocyte formation without improved adipose inflammation in a body-weight matched experiment suggests that the improved glucose metabolism was a consequence of beige adipocyte formation, but not solely through adipose inflammation. However, these differences between teff- and wheat-containing diets were not observed in the high-fat diet group. Conclusions Teff improved glucose tolerance likely by promoting beige adipocyte formation and improved adipose inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistu Lemecha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Katsutaro Morino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel Seifu
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Nakagawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- CMIC Pharma Science, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takuya Okamato
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Osamu Sekine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ugi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Martinelli F, Cannarozzi G, Balan B, Siegrist F, Weichert A, Blösch R, Tadele Z. Identification of miRNAs linked with the drought response of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter]. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 224-225:163-172. [PMID: 29656008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], a staple food crop in the Horn of Africa and particularly in Ethiopia, has several beneficial agronomical and nutritional properties, including waterlogging and drought tolerance. In this study, we performed microRNA profiling of tef using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, analyzing both shoots and roots of two tef genotypes, one drought-tolerant (Tsedey) and one drought-susceptible (Alba). We obtained more than 10 million filtered reads for each of the 24 sequenced small cDNA libraries. Reads mapping to known miRNAs were more abundant in the root than shoot tissues. Thirteen and 35 miRNAs were significantly modulated in response to drought, in Alba and Tsedey roots, respectively. One miRNA was upregulated under drought conditions in both genotypes. In shoots, nine miRNAs were modulated in common between the two genotypes and all showed similar trends of expression. One-hundred and forty-seven new miRNA mature sequences were identified in silico, 22 of these were detected in all relevant samples and seven were differentially regulated when comparing drought with normal watering. Putative targets of the miRNA regulated under drought in root and shoot tissues were predicted. Among the targets were transcription factors such as CCAAT-HAP2, MADS and NAC. Verification with qRT-PCR revealed that five of six potential targets showed a pattern of expression that was consistent with the correspondent miRNA amount measured by RNA-Seq. In general, candidate miRNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of the tef response to drought could be included in next-generation breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari Forestali, Università di Palermo, viale delle scienze Ed. 4., Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gina Cannarozzi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Bipin Balan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari Forestali, Università di Palermo, viale delle scienze Ed. 4., Palermo, Italy.
| | - Fredy Siegrist
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Annett Weichert
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Regula Blösch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Zerihun Tadele
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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28
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Tadele Z. African Orphan Crops under Abiotic Stresses: Challenges and Opportunities. SCIENTIFICA 2018; 2018:1451894. [PMID: 29623231 PMCID: PMC5829434 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1451894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A changing climate, a growing world population, and a reduction in arable land devoted to food production are all problems facing the world food security. The development of crops that can yield under uncertain and extreme climatic and soil growing conditions can play a key role in mitigating these problems. Major crops such as maize, rice, and wheat are responsible for a large proportion of global food production but many understudied crops (commonly known as "orphan crops") including millets, cassava, and cowpea feed millions of people in Asia, Africa, and South America and are already adapted to the local environments in which they are grown. The application of modern genetic and genomic tools to the breeding of these crops can provide enormous opportunities for ensuring world food security but is only in its infancy. In this review, the diversity and types of understudied crops will be introduced, and the beneficial traits of these crops as well as their role in the socioeconomics of Africa will be discussed. In addition, the response of orphan crops to diverse types of abiotic stresses is investigated. A review of the current tools and their application to the breeding of enhanced orphan crops will also be described. Finally, few examples of global efforts on tackling major abiotic constraints in Africa are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerihun Tadele
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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29
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Kamies R, Farrant JM, Tadele Z, Cannarozzi G, Rafudeen MS. A Proteomic Approach to Investigate the Drought Response in the Orphan Crop Eragrostis tef. Proteomes 2017; 5:E32. [PMID: 29140297 PMCID: PMC5748567 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The orphan crop, Eragrostis tef, was subjected to controlled drought conditions to observe the physiological parameters and proteins changing in response to dehydration stress. Physiological measurements involving electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence and ultra-structural analysis showed tef plants tolerated water loss to 50% relative water content (RWC) before adverse effects in leaf tissues were observed. Proteomic analysis using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) mass spectrometry and appropriate database searching enabled the detection of 5727 proteins, of which 211 proteins, including a number of spliced variants, were found to be differentially regulated with the imposed stress conditions. Validation of the iTRAQ dataset was done with selected stress-related proteins, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and the protective antioxidant proteins, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and peroxidase (POX). Western blot analyses confirmed protein presence and showed increased protein abundance levels during water deficit while enzymatic activity for FBA, MDHAR and POX increased at selected RWC points. Gene ontology (GO)-term enrichment and analysis revealed terms involved in biotic and abiotic stress response, signaling, transport, cellular homeostasis and pentose metabolic processes, to be enriched in tef upregulated proteins, while terms linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing processes under water-deficit, such as photosynthesis and associated light harvesting reactions, manganese transport and homeostasis, the synthesis of sugars and cell wall catabolism and modification, to be enriched in tef downregulated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizqah Kamies
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Jill M Farrant
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Zerihun Tadele
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Gina Cannarozzi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Mohammed Suhail Rafudeen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
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Zhu F. Chemical composition and food uses of teff (Eragrostis tef). Food Chem 2017; 239:402-415. [PMID: 28873585 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Teff (Eragrostis tef) is a cereal native to Ethiopia and Eritrea. It has an excellent adaptability to harsh environmental conditions and plays an important role in food security. In recent years, teff is becoming globally popular due to the attractive nutritional profile such as gluten free and high dietary fiber content. This review documents the recent advances in the genetic diversity, nutritional composition and food uses of teff grain. The attractive nutrients of teff include protein, dietary fiber, polyphenols, and certain minerals. Whole grain teff flour becomes increasingly important in healthy food market, and has been used to produce various gluten free food items such as pasta and bread. Efforts have been made to enhance the sensory quality of teff based products. There is great potential to adapt teff to the other parts of the world for healthy food and beverage production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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31
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Cross JM, Darrah C, Oraguzie N, Ahmadi N, Skirycz A. Editorial: Natural diversity in the new millennium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:897. [PMID: 26579148 PMCID: PMC4625155 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nnadozie Oraguzie
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center (IAREC), Washington State UniversityProsser, WA, USA
| | - Nourollah Ahmadi
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développementMontpellier, France
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentável/Vale Institute of Technology Sustainable DevelopmentBelem, Brazil
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