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Establishment of argan tree plantlets (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) grown from generative and vegetative propagation under different watering regimes at the nursery stage. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2
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Interactive Effect of Biochar and Bio-Compost on Starting Growth and Physiologic Parameters of Argan. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The argan tree, which is found in southern Morocco, is characterized by environmental, economic and nutritional benefits, but the growth of this tree is very slow. This makes it necessary to find methods to accelerate its growth. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biochar (BC) and bio-compost (CP) each applied at the rate of 0, 3 and 6% (M/M) on starting growth of argan in fine silty soil for sixteen months. Main stem length, diameter, durability ratio, total length of all stems and number of sprouted shoots were measured every two months with two photosynthetic measurements spaced five months apart for each argan seedling. Despite the strong signs of epigenetic sensitivity and genetic variability across the argan behavior of each treatment depending on the duration and environmental conditions of the crop and the large standard deviations marked in all the tests that were conducted on the argan, some treatments showed interesting results, even in terms of the interaction between climatic conditions, type of treatment and type of test. The argan plants which were grown in the substrate at 6% BC 3% CP showed significant results for all the growth parameters studied and throughout the test. This mixture marked an average water holding capacity (WHC) of around 0.66 g H2O/g dw; the argan seedlings showed the best perimeter average, which exceeded 2.7 cm in the last measurement, with a ratio (height/diameter) strictly less than 7, which removes any possible problem of argan filiform. However, argan plants from all treatments were not stable in the growth characteristics studied; each treatment has advantages and disadvantages regarding argan. Transplantation and monitoring in the field of argan seedlings that have had interesting results are strongly recommended to see if the good starting growth influences their development in the field or if it is a temporary effect.
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Ismael A, Xue J, Meason DF, Klápště J, Gallart M, Li Y, Bellè P, Gomez-Gallego M, Bradford KT, Telfer E, Dungey H. Genetic Variation in Drought-Tolerance Traits and Their Relationships to Growth in Pinus radiata D. Don Under Water Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:766803. [PMID: 35058945 PMCID: PMC8764257 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.766803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The selection of drought-tolerant genotypes is globally recognized as an effective strategy to maintain the growth and survival of commercial tree species exposed to future drought periods. New genomic selection tools that reduce the time of progeny trials are required to substitute traditional tree breeding programs. We investigated the genetic variation of water stress tolerance in New Zealand-grown Pinus radiata D. Don using 622 commercially-used genotypes from 63 families. We used quantitative pedigree-based (Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction or ABLUP) and genomic-based (Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction or GBLUP) approaches to examine the heritability estimates associated with water stress tolerance in P. radiata. Tree seedling growth traits, foliar carbon isotope composition (δ13C), and dark-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence (Y) were monitored before, during and after 10 months of water stress. Height growth showed a constant and moderate heritability level, while the heritability estimate for diameter growth and δ13C decreased with water stress. In contrast, chlorophyll fluorescence exhibited low heritability after 5 and 10 months of water stress. The GBLUP approach provided less breeding value accuracy than ABLUP, however, the relative selection efficiency of GBLUP was greater compared with ABLUP selection techniques. Although there was no significant relationship directly between δ13C and Y, the genetic correlations were significant and stronger for GBLUP. The positive genetic correlations between δ13C and tree biomass traits under water stress indicated that intraspecific variation in δ13C was likely driven by differences in the genotype's photosynthetic capacity. The results show that foliar δ13C can predict P. radiata genotype tolerance to water stress using ABLUP and GBLUP approaches and that such approaches can provide a faster screening and selection of drought-tolerant genotypes for forestry breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismael
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.), Rotorua, New Zealand
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Jianming Xue
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Jaroslav Klápště
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.), Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Marta Gallart
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Yongjun Li
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.), Rotorua, New Zealand
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio Center, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Pierre Bellè
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.), Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Mireia Gomez-Gallego
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.), Rotorua, New Zealand
- INRAE, IAM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Emily Telfer
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.), Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Heidi Dungey
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.), Rotorua, New Zealand
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4
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Msanda F, Mayad EH, Furze JN. Floristic biodiversity, biogeographical significance, and importance of Morocco's Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:64156-64165. [PMID: 33405131 PMCID: PMC7786145 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The coastal and subcoastal areas of west-central Morocco (Safi to Draa River, the Souss Valley, and the southern part of the western High Atlas and northern and southern slopes of the western Anti-Atlas) are characterized by typical Infra-Mediterranean vegetation ranking them amongst the important of the remarkable borderlands of North Africa. The flora is determined by complex historical and environmental factors occurring since the Tertiary period. The originality of this sector is due to the presence of the argan tree (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels), Moroccan gum (Acacia gummifera Willd), olive trees (Olea europaea L. subsp. maroccana (Greuter & Burdet) P. Vargas & al.), a thermophilic flora adapted to an arid climate with several endemic species. This flora constitutes the final barrier against the desert and is of environmental and socioeconomical interest. Leaves and fruits provide forage material, while wood is used for fuel. Argan fruits are collected for their oily constitutes and for nutritional, cosmetic, and medicinal properties. Additionally, many species of Argan ecosystems are used in medicine and cosmetics. Recognizing its ecological value and local economic importance, the Argan region was declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1998. Despite their biogeographical, historical, and socioeconomic value, vegetation structures in west-central Morocco are vulnerable and threatened by human activities. They exhibit high levels of degradation due to increasing clearance, overgrazing, and overexploitation. The area requires high conservation priority and sustainable management strategies for key species and genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Msanda
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Agadir, Morocco.
| | - El Hassan Mayad
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Agadir, Morocco
| | - James Nicolas Furze
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Agadir, Morocco
- Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Alsinaah Street, P.O. Box: 19006, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
- Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), 1 Kensington Gore, London, SW7 2AR, UK
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5
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Chakhchar A, Ben Salah I, El Kharrassi Y, Filali-Maltouf A, El Modafar C, Lamaoui M. Agro-Fruit-Forest Systems Based on Argan Tree in Morocco: A Review of Recent Results. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:783615. [PMID: 35069642 PMCID: PMC8766645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.783615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The argan tree, Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels, is a horticultural forestry species characterized by its endemicity and adaptation to arid and semi-arid zones in the southwest of Morocco. Despite its limited geographical distribution, argan tree presents large genetic diversity, suggesting that improvement of argan is possible. This species plays important ecological, and socioeconomic roles in the sustainable development of the country. The integration of arganiculture into Moroccan agricultural policy has been implemented through a sector strategy, which is fully aligned with the conservation and regeneration of argan forest. A. spinosa is suitable for incorporation into different agroforestry productive systems under agro-fruit-forest model and its domestication will provide a powerful means of socio-economic and environmental management. Here, we provide an overview of the argan tree literature and highlight the specific aspects of argan stands, as agro-forest systems, with the aim of developing an adequate strategy of conservation and domestication of this species. We introduce promising programs and projects for argan plantations and arganiculture, which have been adopted to relieve anthropogenic pressure on the natural argan forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelghani Chakhchar
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Abdelghani Chakhchar,
| | - Imane Ben Salah
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Bioengineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Guéliz, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Youssef El Kharrassi
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Université Mohammed-V de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Cherkaoui El Modafar
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Bioengineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Guéliz, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mouna Lamaoui
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Plants, Institute of Botany, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Mouna Lamaoui,
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6
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Cortés AJ, Restrepo-Montoya M, Bedoya-Canas LE. Modern Strategies to Assess and Breed Forest Tree Adaptation to Changing Climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:583323. [PMID: 33193532 PMCID: PMC7609427 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.583323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Studying the genetics of adaptation to new environments in ecologically and industrially important tree species is currently a major research line in the fields of plant science and genetic improvement for tolerance to abiotic stress. Specifically, exploring the genomic basis of local adaptation is imperative for assessing the conditions under which trees will successfully adapt in situ to global climate change. However, this knowledge has scarcely been used in conservation and forest tree improvement because woody perennials face major research limitations such as their outcrossing reproductive systems, long juvenile phase, and huge genome sizes. Therefore, in this review we discuss predictive genomic approaches that promise increasing adaptive selection accuracy and shortening generation intervals. They may also assist the detection of novel allelic variants from tree germplasm, and disclose the genomic potential of adaptation to different environments. For instance, natural populations of tree species invite using tools from the population genomics field to study the signatures of local adaptation. Conventional genetic markers and whole genome sequencing both help identifying genes and markers that diverge between local populations more than expected under neutrality, and that exhibit unique signatures of diversity indicative of "selective sweeps." Ultimately, these efforts inform the conservation and breeding status capable of pivoting forest health, ecosystem services, and sustainable production. Key long-term perspectives include understanding how trees' phylogeographic history may affect the adaptive relevant genetic variation available for adaptation to environmental change. Encouraging "big data" approaches (machine learning-ML) capable of comprehensively merging heterogeneous genomic and ecological datasets is becoming imperative, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés J. Cortés
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA, Rionegro, Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Manuela Restrepo-Montoya
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Larry E. Bedoya-Canas
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
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Krajnc B, Bontempo L, Luis Araus J, Giovanetti M, Alegria C, Lauteri M, Augusti A, Atti N, Smeti S, Taous F, Amenzou NE, Podgornik M, Camin F, Reis P, Máguas C, Bučar Miklavčič M, Ogrinc N. Selective Methods to Investigate Authenticity and Geographical Origin of Mediterranean Food Products. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1717521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bor Krajnc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Italy
| | - Jose Luis Araus
- Section of Plant Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, AGROTECNIO, Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuela Giovanetti
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Alegria
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Lauteri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Porano, Italy
| | - Angela Augusti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Porano, Italy
| | - Naziha Atti
- Laboratoire de Production Animale et Fourragère, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samir Smeti
- Laboratoire de Production Animale et Fourragère, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fouad Taous
- Centre National de L’énergie, Des Sciences Et Techniques Nucleaires, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nour Eddine Amenzou
- Centre National de L’énergie, Des Sciences Et Techniques Nucleaires, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Maja Podgornik
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Oliveculture, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Italy
| | - Pedro Reis
- Sistemas agrários e florestais e sanidade vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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8
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Costa JM, Marques da Silva J, Pinheiro C, Barón M, Mylona P, Centritto M, Haworth M, Loreto F, Uzilday B, Turkan I, Oliveira MM. Opportunities and Limitations of Crop Phenotyping in Southern European Countries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1125. [PMID: 31608085 PMCID: PMC6774291 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean climate is characterized by hot dry summers and frequent droughts. Mediterranean crops are frequently subjected to high evapotranspiration demands, soil water deficits, high temperatures, and photo-oxidative stress. These conditions will become more severe due to global warming which poses major challenges to the sustainability of the agricultural sector in Mediterranean countries. Selection of crop varieties adapted to future climatic conditions and more tolerant to extreme climatic events is urgently required. Plant phenotyping is a crucial approach to address these challenges. High-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) helps to monitor the performance of improved genotypes and is one of the most effective strategies to improve the sustainability of agricultural production. In spite of the remarkable progress in basic knowledge and technology of plant phenotyping, there are still several practical, financial, and political constraints to implement HTPP approaches in field and controlled conditions across the Mediterranean. The European panorama of phenotyping is heterogeneous and integration of phenotyping data across different scales and translation of "phytotron research" to the field, and from model species to crops, remain major challenges. Moreover, solutions specifically tailored to Mediterranean agriculture (e.g., crops and environmental stresses) are in high demand, as the region is vulnerable to climate change and to desertification processes. The specific phenotyping requirements of Mediterranean crops have not yet been fully identified. The high cost of HTPP infrastructures is a major limiting factor, though the limited availability of skilled personnel may also impair its implementation in Mediterranean countries. We propose that the lack of suitable phenotyping infrastructures is hindering the development of new Mediterranean agricultural varieties and will negatively affect future competitiveness of the agricultural sector. We provide an overview of the heterogeneous panorama of phenotyping within Mediterranean countries, describing the state of the art of agricultural production, breeding initiatives, and phenotyping capabilities in five countries: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey. We characterize some of the main impediments for development of plant phenotyping in those countries and identify strategies to overcome barriers and maximize the benefits of phenotyping and modeling approaches to Mediterranean agriculture and related sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Pinheiro
- FCT NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
- ITQB NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Matilde Barón
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Photini Mylona
- HAO-DEMETER, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Thermi, Greece
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Italian National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Baris Uzilday
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, I˙zmir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, I˙zmir, Turkey
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9
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Menni HB, Belarbi M, Menni DB, Bendiab H, Kherraf Y, Ksouri R, Djebli N, Visioli F. Anti-inflammatory activity of argan oil and its minor components. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:307-314. [PMID: 31394953 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1650005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Argan oil is thought to be the most expensive edible oil worldwide. It is difficult to produce and the argan tree only grows in a limited geographical area, notably Morocco and Algeria. Because it is produced by mechanical means, argan oil contains "minor" components that might be endowed with healthful effects. We investigated in vivo the anti-inflammatory activities of argan oil and its unsaponifiable fraction, using diclofenac as the control, in a carrageenan-induced rat model of inflammation. Rats were given different amounts of argan oil or its unsaponifiable fraction, by gavage. We report that argan oil and its "minor" components effectively lessen the inflammatory actions of carrageenan. Far from being "pharmacological" the actions of argan oil are comparable with those of diclofenac in the short, i.e. 4 h term. Sustained consumption of argan oil might, therefore, contribute to lessen the burden of degenerative diseases associated with higher inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Ben Menni
- Laboratoire de Produits Naturels (LAPRONA), Département de Biologie, Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Meriem Belarbi
- Laboratoire de Produits Naturels (LAPRONA), Département de Biologie, Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Dounia Ben Menni
- Laboratoire de Produits Naturels (LAPRONA), Département de Biologie, Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Hadjer Bendiab
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Phytothérapie, Université de Mostaganeme, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Yamina Kherraf
- Laboratoire d'Histologie Embryologie et Génétique Clinique, CHU de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, Laboratoire des Plantes et Médicinales (LPAM), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Djebli
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Phytothérapie, Université de Mostaganeme, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Francesco Visioli
- IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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10
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Khayi S, Azza NE, Gaboun F, Pirro S, Badad O, Claros MG, Lightfoot DA, Unver T, Chaouni B, Merrouch R, Rahim B, Essayeh S, Ganoudi M, Abdelwahd R, Diria G, Mdarhi MA, Labhilili M, Iraqi D, Mouhaddab J, Sedrati H, Memari M, Hamamouch N, Alché JDD, Boukhatem N, Mrabet R, Dahan R, Legssyer A, Khalfaoui M, Badraoui M, Van de Peer Y, Tatusova T, El Mousadik A, Mentag R, Ghazal H. First draft genome assembly of the Argane tree ( Argania spinosa). F1000Res 2018; 7:1310. [PMID: 32509273 PMCID: PMC7238458 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15719.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Argane tree ( Argania spinosa L. Skeels) is an endemic tree of mid-western Morocco that plays an important socioeconomic and ecologic role for a dense human population in an arid zone. Several studies confirmed the importance of this species as a food and feed source and as a resource for both pharmaceutical and cosmetic compounds. Unfortunately, the argane tree ecosystem is facing significant threats from environmental changes (global warming, over-population) and over-exploitation. Limited research has been conducted, however, on argane tree genetics and genomics, which hinders its conservation and genetic improvement. Methods: Here, we present a draft genome assembly of A. spinosa. A reliable reference genome of A. spinosa was created using a hybrid de novo assembly approach combining short and long sequencing reads. Results: In total, 144 Gb Illumina HiSeq reads and 7.6 Gb PacBio reads were produced and assembled. The final draft genome comprises 75 327 scaffolds totaling 671 Mb with an N50 of 49 916 kb. The draft assembly is close to the genome size estimated by k-mers distribution and covers 89% of complete and 4.3 % of partial Arabidopsis orthologous groups in BUSCO. Conclusion: The A. spinosa genome will be useful for assessing biodiversity leading to efficient conservation of this endangered endemic tree. Furthermore, the genome may enable genome-assisted cultivar breeding, and provide a better understanding of important metabolic pathways and their underlying genes for both cosmetic and pharmacological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimane Khayi
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Nour Elhouda Azza
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources (LBVRN), Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco.,Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics & Ethnopharmacology (LPGE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Fatima Gaboun
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Stacy Pirro
- Iridian Genomes, Inc., Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Oussama Badad
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics & Ethnopharmacology (LPGE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.,Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed V in Rabat, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - David A Lightfoot
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Turgay Unver
- International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylül University, Current address: Egitim Mah. Ekrem Guer Sok. 26/3 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bouchra Chaouni
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics & Ethnopharmacology (LPGE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed V in Rabat, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
| | - Redouane Merrouch
- National Center for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Rahim
- National Center for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soumaya Essayeh
- Polydisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohamed Premier, Nador, Morocco
| | - Matika Ganoudi
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Rabha Abdelwahd
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Ghizlane Diria
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Meriem Alaoui Mdarhi
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Labhilili
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Driss Iraqi
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Jamila Mouhaddab
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources (LBVRN), Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Hayat Sedrati
- National School of Computer Sciences & Systems Analysis, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Majid Memari
- Research Computing and Cyber infrastructure, Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Noureddine Hamamouch
- Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Noureddine Boukhatem
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics & Ethnopharmacology (LPGE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Rachid Mrabet
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Rachid Dahan
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Adelkhaleq Legssyer
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics & Ethnopharmacology (LPGE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Khalfaoui
- National Center for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Badraoui
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Genetics, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Tatiana Tatusova
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Abdelhamid El Mousadik
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources (LBVRN), Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Rachid Mentag
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Hassan Ghazal
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources (LBVRN), Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco.,Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics & Ethnopharmacology (LPGE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Iridian Genomes, Inc., Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.,National Center for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco
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11
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Khayi S, Azza NE, Gaboun F, Pirro S, Badad O, Claros MG, Lightfoot DA, Unver T, Chaouni B, Merrouch R, Rahim B, Essayeh S, Ganoudi M, Abdelwahd R, Diria G, Mdarhi MA, Labhilili M, Iraqi D, Mouhaddab J, Sedrati H, Memari M, Hamamouch N, Alché JDD, Boukhatem N, Mrabet R, Dahan R, Legssyer A, Khalfaoui M, Badraoui M, Van de Peer Y, Tatusova T, El Mousadik A, Mentag R, Ghazal H. First draft genome assembly of the Argane tree ( Argania spinosa). F1000Res 2018; 7:1310. [PMID: 32509273 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15719.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Argane tree ( Argania spinosa L. Skeels) is an endemic tree of mid-western Morocco that plays an important socioeconomic and ecologic role for a dense human population in an arid zone. Several studies confirmed the importance of this species as a food and feed source and as a resource for both pharmaceutical and cosmetic compounds. Unfortunately, the argane tree ecosystem is facing significant threats from environmental changes (global warming, over-population) and over-exploitation. Limited research has been conducted, however, on argane tree genetics and genomics, which hinders its conservation and genetic improvement. Methods: Here, we present a draft genome assembly of A. spinosa. A reliable reference genome of A. spinosa was created using a hybrid de novo assembly approach combining short and long sequencing reads. Results: In total, 144 Gb Illumina HiSeq reads and 7.6 Gb PacBio reads were produced and assembled. The final draft genome comprises 75 327 scaffolds totaling 671 Mb with an N50 of 49 916 kb. The draft assembly is close to the genome size estimated by k-mers distribution and covers 89% of complete and 4.3 % of partial Arabidopsis orthologous groups in BUSCO. Conclusion: The A. spinosa genome will be useful for assessing biodiversity leading to efficient conservation of this endangered endemic tree. Furthermore, the genome may enable genome-assisted cultivar breeding, and provide a better understanding of important metabolic pathways and their underlying genes for both cosmetic and pharmacological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimane Khayi
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Nour Elhouda Azza
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources (LBVRN), Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco.,Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics & Ethnopharmacology (LPGE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Fatima Gaboun
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Stacy Pirro
- Iridian Genomes, Inc., Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Oussama Badad
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics & Ethnopharmacology (LPGE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.,Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed V in Rabat, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - David A Lightfoot
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Turgay Unver
- International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylül University, Current address: Egitim Mah. Ekrem Guer Sok. 26/3 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bouchra Chaouni
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics & Ethnopharmacology (LPGE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed V in Rabat, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
| | - Redouane Merrouch
- National Center for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Rahim
- National Center for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soumaya Essayeh
- Polydisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohamed Premier, Nador, Morocco
| | - Matika Ganoudi
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Rabha Abdelwahd
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Ghizlane Diria
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Meriem Alaoui Mdarhi
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Labhilili
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Driss Iraqi
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Jamila Mouhaddab
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources (LBVRN), Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Hayat Sedrati
- National School of Computer Sciences & Systems Analysis, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Majid Memari
- Research Computing and Cyber infrastructure, Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Noureddine Hamamouch
- Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Noureddine Boukhatem
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics & Ethnopharmacology (LPGE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Rachid Mrabet
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Rachid Dahan
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Adelkhaleq Legssyer
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics & Ethnopharmacology (LPGE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Khalfaoui
- National Center for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Badraoui
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Genetics, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Tatiana Tatusova
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Abdelhamid El Mousadik
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources (LBVRN), Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Rachid Mentag
- Biotechnology Unit, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco, Morocco
| | - Hassan Ghazal
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources (LBVRN), Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco.,Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics & Ethnopharmacology (LPGE), Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Iridian Genomes, Inc., Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.,National Center for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco
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12
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Chakhchar A, Chaguer N, Ferradous A, Filali-Maltouf A, El Modafar C. Root system response in Argania spinosa plants under drought stress and recovery. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1489669. [PMID: 30036147 PMCID: PMC6128684 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1489669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The argane tree is a remarkable essence by its botanical interest and its socioeconomic value. It is endemic species in the southwest of Morocco, where prolonged drought stress may occur. Although its tolerance has been commonly attributed to various mechanisms at the whole plant, the root system has a main role in the whole process of adaptation. We studied in argane tree plants the change in hydraulic conductivity, electrolyte leakage in root as well as root growth under drought stress and recovery. Our findings showed that the root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) value significantly decreased under drought stress treatment. This was associated with an increase of root electrolyte leakage, signaling the occurrence of an injury to root cell membranes. At root growth level, stressed plants managed to maintain their root elongation despite decreased root mass. After short period of rehydration, the argane tree plants exhibited a tendency of increased hydraulic conductivity during recovery after drought stress, suggesting that this root physiological response may be intimately linked to drought stress tolerance strategies. These results also could be important to contribute to selection of tolerant genotypes and develop argane tree regeneration programs in regions that suffer from lack of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Chakhchar
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Bio-ingénierie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - N. Chaguer
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Bio-ingénierie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - A. Ferradous
- Centre Régional de la Recherche Forestière Marrakech, Ain Itti Ennakhil, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - A. Filali-Maltouf
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V Agdal, Rabat, Maroc
| | - C. El Modafar
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Bio-ingénierie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc
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13
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Argan Oil-Mediated Attenuation of Organelle Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress and Cell Death Induced by 7-Ketocholesterol in Murine Oligodendrocytes 158N. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102220. [PMID: 29065513 PMCID: PMC5666899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Argan oil is widely used in Morocco in traditional medicine. Its ability to treat cardiovascular diseases is well-established. However, nothing is known about its effects on neurodegenerative diseases, which are often associated with increased oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation and the formation of 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) resulting from cholesterol auto-oxidation. As 7KC induces oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death, it is important to identify compounds able to impair its harmful effects. These compounds may be either natural or synthetic molecules or mixtures of molecules such as oils. In this context: (i) the lipid profiles of dietary argan oils from Berkane and Agadir (Morocco) in fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols and polyphenols were determined by different chromatographic techniques; and (ii) their anti-oxidant and cytoprotective effects in 158N murine oligodendrocytes cultured with 7KC (25-50 µM; 24 h) without and with argan oil (0.1% v/v) or α-tocopherol (400 µM, positive control) were evaluated with complementary techniques of cellular and molecular biology. Among the unsaturated fatty acids present in argan oils, oleate (C18:1 n-9) and linoleate (C18:1 n-6) were the most abundant; the highest quantities of saturated fatty acids were palmitate (C16:0) and stearate (C18:0). Several phytosterols were found, mainly schottenol and spinasterol (specific to argan oil), cycloartenol, β-amyrin and citrostadienol. α- and γ-tocopherols were also present. Tyrosol and protocatechic acid were the only polyphenols detected. Argan and extra virgin olive oils have many compounds in common, principally oleate and linoleate, and tocopherols. Kit Radicaux Libres (KRL) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests showed that argan and extra virgin olive oils have anti-oxidant properties. Argan oils were able to attenuate the cytotoxic effects of 7KC on 158N cells: loss of cell adhesion, cell growth inhibition, increased plasma membrane permeability, mitochondrial, peroxisomal and lysosomal dysfunction, and the induction of oxiapoptophagy (OXIdation + APOPTOsis + autoPHAGY). Altogether, our data obtained in 158N oligodendrocytes provide evidence that argan oil is able to counteract the toxic effects of 7KC on nerve cells, thus suggesting that some of its compounds could prevent or mitigate neurodegenerative diseases to the extent that they are able to cross the blood-brain barrier.
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